English Colonization in the 19 Century

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

English Colonization in the 19 Century English Colonization in the 19th Century Examples of Colonial disunity were not surprising – Reasons: English Crown awarded colonial charters to: 1. Merchants 2. Religious idealists – different types of colonists 3. Adventurers Decisions to Emigrate 1. Rapid Population growth (1580-1650) in England created competition for food and jobs 2. New World was the land of opportunity 3. Institute a purer form of worship 4. Escape poverty, debt, jail terms, bad marriages 5. Religious and political persecution in Spain and England Upon arriving the colonist brought ideas and subcultures of which some were changed by the American environment. The New England colonies, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies all were distinct in various ways A. Economy B. Religion The Chesapeake: Dreams of Wealth Post Roanoke, New World interest lessened English interest reappeared with English rivalry with Spain Jamestown Colonization was very costly Solution – Joint Stock Company, large amounts of cash available with a stock investment plan, with hopes of high cash returns. 1st charter – London Company – John Smith 30 miles up the James River Problem – wealth was the motivation, not permanent settlement. Wealth rather than farming (planting corn) Captain John Smith – Prevented a Roanoke repeat A. Brought order and prevented anarchy B. Traded with Native American tribes for food C. Mapped the Chesapeake Bay D. Instituted military rule John Smith was rescued by Pocahontas Reorganization in government allowed for joint stock investment to be opened to the general public. Difficulties continue, a supply ship headed to Jamestown crashed in Bermuda John Smith suffered a gun powder injury and returned to England. The colonists face a terrible winter with starvation and cannibalism. Colonists vs. Powhattan (powerful tribes) A. Hoped to coexist, but found it impossible so war took place in 1622 and 1644 B. 1644 led to the complete destruction of the Powhattans C. Surviving settlers (1610) looked to abandon Jamestown D. They encountered De La Warr and succeeding governors who lead by marshal law : Sir Thomas Gates and Sir Thomas Dale E. Saved the colony, but it did not succeed at this point – no profits to settlers A Stinking Weed Key to Virginia – John Rolfe (married Pocahontas) began to cultivate a Native American crop – tobacco allowing Virginia to send tobacco to England for revenue 1. All vacant land to be planted with tobacco 2. King James who felt tobacco to be immoral changed his tune as he collected import duties (tariffs) Change in Virginia’s Government -Sir Edwin Sandys ended marshal law and instituted an assembly The House of Burgesses -Virginians who paid their transportation to Virginia were given 50 acres (headright) -The more servants brought, the more land (indentured servants) -Both men and women swept into Virginia Morality in Virginia 1619-1622 – record numbers in Virginia – most settlers were single males in their teens-twenties (indentured servants) Servitude depended on age, men were preferred for agricultural labor making the man to woman ratio uneven Indentured servants would lead to slavery They were traded and gambled away High mortality rates were caused by: 1. Disease 2. Salt in the Water 3. Native American Attacks (Powhatans) 4. Difficult Voyage Scandal and Reform Virginia governors sent servants to their private plantations for profit Results: 1. Characteristics of a Boomtown 2. No Sense of Purpose 3. No Sense of Identity 4. Unrestrained Self-Advancement King of England due to the problems made Virginia a Royal Colony House of Burgesses was not democratic – instead it provided wealthy planters with a voice Representatives met regularly without the king’s consent and wouldn’t surrender their control over local affairs 1634: Virginia was divided into counties by the assembly – wealthy planters served as justices of the peace The County Court was the most important institution of local government Virginia expanded as tobacco production increased and Native Americans were killed 1705-Jamestown was the only population center Maryland: A Troubled Sanctuary George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) – tobacco colony and refuge for Catholics G. Calvert stated himself to be Catholic, then lost his Secretary of State position in England, his son Cecilius was given the charter Vague boundaries were established and true boundaries weren’t established until the mid 18th Century by the surveyors Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon (Mason-Dixon Line) Maryland named in honor of King Charles’ wife Maryland was established as a colony for Catholics, but freedom of religion would exist so that others wouldn’t be scared off, giving Maryland a chance to prosper. Lord Baltimore became the proprietor with royal and absolute powers Those members of the colonial ruling class who purchased 6,000 acres became “Lords of the Manor” Maryland never accepted the feudal system The colony drew Protestants and Catholics 1. Lacked unity 2. Potential Civil War Lord Baltimore drafted the Act Concerning Religion (Toleration Act) Still, disunity played a major role Economic conditions poor, 2/3 of the planters lived in houses of only two rooms – comparable to the lowest classes in England Conquest of New England Pilgrims – English farmers north of London – Left the Church of England (Separatists) William Bradford (leader) petitioned for a land grant from the Virginia Company of London Left on the Mayflower for Virginia, but navigation miscalculations sent the pilgrims to New England. To maintain the government they signed the Mayflower Compact Economy: 1. Fur Trade 2. Commercial Fishing 3. Animal husbandry –grain-livestock Eventually absorbed into Massachusetts Bay Colony Puritan Commonwealth Puritanism transformed England and America – believed in predestination – some were guaranteed salvation, others guaranteed damnation. They considered themselves the “elect”. The Goal: 1. Live according to scripture 2. Battle sin 3. End corruption City on a Hill The puritans wanted to only purify the Church of England – felt the English Kings appeased Catholicism and until the 1630’s, separatism was not in the plan 1629: Puritans turn their attention to America and Massachusetts Bay Company obtains a Charter from the king The puritans felt that once in America the English government couldn’t interfere in their affairs In the first year, 2,000 people arrived in Massachusetts Bay By 1640- 16,000 men –women arrive Unlike Maryland and Virginia, the puritans came in their nuclear families Massachusetts settlers possessed strength and stability They felt they had a special covenant with God, Whom expected them to live life by the scriptures God would create for them a “City on a Hill” that would stand as a beacon of righteousness In England, John Cotton, a respected minister, urged Puritan emigrations instead of formally separating from the Church of England They accepted Congregationalism in which they would uphold God’s Law and make a confession of faith Women and Africans were considered church members, but could not vote for church ministers Massachusetts Bay Company – government structure Charter stated investors in a joint stock company could create a business organization Company leader John Winthrop had placed a government structure into action Example: Freeman category was given to all male members in the Congregational Church 1630’s – 40% of adult males were eligible to vote, much greater number than England Governor Magistrate This government was not a democracy or a theocracy – could be a “tweener” Congregational ministers had no formal political power in the Massachusetts Bay Colony The Town became the center of public life 1. Church Services 2. Town Meetings The Massachusetts Bay Colony remarkably worked together – were able to settle disputes through the courts Laws and Liberties were the alphabetized code of law printed in England 1. Explained colonial rights and responsibilities 2. Created public trust in government 3. Discouraged arbitrary exercise of authority One Challenge to Authority was Roger Williams He preached separation He opposed those with ties to the Church of England Questioned the validity of the colonial charters Massachusetts had no business punishing settlers for their religious beliefs Roger Williams was banished and established Rhode Island Anne Hutchinson also posed a great challenge 1. All but two ministers had lost touch with the Holy Spirit 2. She questioned the basic core of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 3. Sent to Rhode Island by court interventions New England Colonies Massachusetts Bay Colony lead to 4 colonies 1. Massachusetts 2. Rhode Island 3. New Hampshire a. Slow growth b. Economically dependent on Massachusetts 4. Connecticut Rhode Island was labeled as the colony of riff raff – untrue. In 1644 Parliament issues the Providence Plantations, land division. Although constant arguing existed they received a royal charter and established an economy based on agriculture and trade. The Middle Colonies 1. New York 2. New Jersey 3. Pennsylvania 4. Delaware Settled for diverse reasons Each colony developed a heterogeneous population (men-women) Ethnic and religious differences New York Dutch on the Hudson River Settlement –New Netherlands Henry Hudson (NW passage) sailed the Hudson River as he was sponsored by the Dutch Company Dutch West India Company sponsored two outposts 1. Fort Orange (Albany) 2. New Amsterdam (New York City) on Manhattan Island a. Purpose – Fur Trade b. Population remains small with a large amount of Nationalities The English took New Netherlands (Colonel Richard Nicolls) Agreement – Articles of Capitulation A generous agreement to let the Dutch remain and keep property Charles gave his brother, the Duke of York, the title to New York and surrounding territory Governor Nicolls created Duke’s Laws to maintain order o Religious tolerance o Local Government New Jersey Charter awarded to Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteret Located between the Hudson and the Delaware River Economy – small farms with a wide variety of European colonists Quakers in America Grew out of the English Civil War Society of Friends who spread “the Truth” and possessed the inner light 1.
Recommended publications
  • X001132127.Pdf
    ' ' ., ,�- NONIMPORTATION AND THE SEARCH FOR ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE IN VIRGINIA, 1765-1775 BRUCE ALLAN RAGSDALE Charlottesville, Virginia B.A., University of Virginia, 1974 M.A., University of Virginia, 1980 A Dissertation Presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Corcoran Department of History University of Virginia May 1985 © Copyright by Bruce Allan Ragsdale All Rights Reserved May 1985 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: 1 Chapter 1: Trade and Economic Development in Virginia, 1730-1775 13 Chapter 2: The Dilemma of the Great Planters 55 Chapter 3: An Imperial Crisis and the Origins of Commercial Resistance in Virginia 84 Chapter 4: The Nonimportation Association of 1769 and 1770 117 Chapter 5: The Slave Trade and Economic Reform 180 Chapter 6: Commercial Development and the Credit Crisis of 1772 218 Chapter 7: The Revival Of Commercial Resistance 275 Chapter 8: The Continental Association in Virginia 340 Bibliography: 397 Key to Abbreviations used in Endnotes WMQ William and Mary Quarterly VMHB Virginia Magazine of History and Biography Hening William Waller Hening, ed., The Statutes at Large; Being� Collection of all the Laws Qf Virginia, from the First Session of the Legislature in the year 1619, 13 vols. Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia Rev. Va. Revolutionary Virginia: The Road to Independence, 7 vols. LC Library of Congress PRO Public Record Office, London co Colonial Office UVA Manuscripts Department, Alderman Library, University of Virginia VHS Virginia Historical Society VSL Virginia State Library Introduction Three times in the decade before the Revolution. Vir­ ginians organized nonimportation associations as a protest against specific legislation from the British Parliament.
    [Show full text]
  • Women and the Law in Colonial Maryland, 1648-1715 Monica C
    Marquette University e-Publications@Marquette Dissertations (2009 -) Dissertations, Theses, and Professional Projects "Justice Without Partiality": Women and the Law in Colonial Maryland, 1648-1715 Monica C. Witkowski Marquette University Recommended Citation Witkowski, Monica C., ""Justice Without Partiality": Women and the Law in Colonial Maryland, 1648-1715" (2010). Dissertations (2009 -). Paper 27. http://epublications.marquette.edu/dissertations_mu/27 “JUSTICE WITHOUT PARTIALITY”: WOMEN AND THE LAW IN COLONIAL MARYLAND, 1648-1715 by Monica C. Witkowski A Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School, Marquette University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Milwaukee, Wisconsin May 2010 ABSTRACT “JUSTICE WITHOUT PARTIALITY”: WOMEN AND THE LAW IN COLONIAL MARYLAND, 1648-1715 Monica C. Witkowski Marquette University, 2010 What was the legal status of women in early colonial Maryland? This is the central question answered by this dissertation. Women, as exemplified through a series of case studies, understood the law and interacted with the nascent Maryland legal system. Each of the cases in the following chapters is slightly different. Each case examined in this dissertation illustrates how much independent legal agency women in the colony demonstrated. Throughout the seventeenth century, Maryland women appeared before the colony’s Provincial and county courts as witnesses, plaintiffs, defendants, and attorneys in criminal and civil trials. Women further entered their personal cattle marks, claimed land, and sued other colonists. This study asserts that they improved their social standing through these interactions with the courts. By exerting this much legal knowledge, they created an important place for themselves in Maryland society. Historians have begun to question the interpretation that Southern women were restricted to the home as housewives and mothers.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial America
    COLONIAL AMERICA 1651 DOCUMENT SIGNED BY TIMOTHY HATHERLY, WITCH TRIAL MAGISTRATE AND MASSACHUSETTS MERCHANT ADVENTURER WHO FINANCED THE BAY COLONY GOVERNOR THOMAS PRENCE SIGNS A COLONY AT PLYMOUTH 1670 DEPOSITION * 1 [COLONIAL PLYMOUTH] TIMOTHY HATHERLY was * 2 one of the Merchant Adventurers of London who financed the [COLONIAL PLYMOUTH] THOMAS PRENCE: Governor colony at Plymouth, Massachusetts after obtaining a patent from Massachusetts Bay colony. Arrived at Plymouth Colony on the “For- King James covering all of the Atlantic coast of America from the tune” in 1621. He was one of the first settlers of Nansett, or grant to the Virginia company on the south, to and including New- Eastham, was chosen the first governor of Governor of Massachu- foundland. Hatherly was one of the few Adventurers to actually setts Bay Colony in 1633. serving until 1638, and again from 1657 till settle in America. He arrived in 1623 on the ship Ann, then returned 1673, and was an assistant in 1635-’7 and 1639-’57. Governor Prence to England in 1625. In 1632, he came back to Plymouth and in 1637 also presided over a witch trial in 1661 and handled it “sanely and was one of the recipients of a tract of land at Scituate. Before 1646, with reason.” He also presided over the court when the momen- Hatherly had bought out the others and had formed a stock com- tous decision was made to execute a colonist who had murdered an pany, called the “Conihasset Partners.” Scituate was part of the Ply- Indian. He was an impartial magistrate, was distinguished for his mouth Colony; it was first mentioned in William Bradford’s writ- religious zeal, and opposed those that he believed to be heretics, ings about 1634.
    [Show full text]
  • The Development of Political Theory in Colonial Massachusetts, 1688-1740
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1970 The Development of Political Theory in Colonial Massachusetts, 1688-1740 Ronald P. Dufour College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Political Science Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Dufour, Ronald P., "The Development of Political Theory in Colonial Massachusetts, 1688-1740" (1970). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539624699. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-ssac-2z49 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. TEE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL THEORY IN COLONIAL MASSACHUSETTS 1688 - 17^0 A Th.esis Presented to 5he Faculty of the Department of History 5he College of William and Mary in Virginia In I&rtial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts By Ronald P. Dufour 1970 ProQ uest Number: 10625131 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10625131 Published by ProQuest LLC (2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author.
    [Show full text]
  • American Revolution Crossword Puzzle Sols: VS.1A-G, VS.2F, VS.3C-E, VS.4A, VS.4C-D, VS.5A-B; Reading 4.3A, Reading 4.3D; Reading 5.4
    American Revolution Crossword Puzzle SOLs: VS.1a-g, VS.2f, VS.3c-e, VS.4a, VS.4c-d, VS.5a-b; Reading 4.3a, Reading 4.3d; Reading 5.4 DIRECTIONS: Use the Word Bank below to answer the clues. Answers that are more than one word do NOT have a space. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ACROSS 15. These people took on more responsibility to 2. This third capital was more centrally located support the war effort 4. This word describes people who did not 16. A group of people prepared to defend their take sides in the Revolution land against attack 5. These people arrived in 1619 against their 17. A decision a group votes on will 18. An official document that explains, promises, 7. This British governing body believed it had or demands certain things legal authority in the colonies DOWN 9. This very profitable cash crop was sold in 1. A name for people who remained loyal to Great England Britain during the Revolution 10. The title for elected representatives that 3. The capital moved here due to unhealthy living served in the colonial General Assembly conditions at Jamestown 11. Wrote the Declaration of Independence 6. Inspired patriots by saying "give me liberty or 12. These people fought in the Continental give me death!" Army for American independence 8. First permanent English settlement in North 14. The Commander-in-Chief of the America Continental Army 13. A good or service owed to another WORD BANK TOBACCO NEUTRAL PATRICK HENRY DEBT BURGESSES RESOLUTION LOYALISTS WILLIAMSBURG AFRICANS RICHMOND WASHINGTON MILITIA JAMESTOWN JEFFERSON CHARTER WOMEN PATRIOTS PARLIAMENT Definitions Charter – An official document that explains, promises, or demands certain things.
    [Show full text]
  • Surviving the First Year of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630-1631 Memoir of Roger Clap, Ca
    National Humanities Center Resource Toolbox American Beginnings: The European Presence in North America, 1492-1690 Marguerite Mullaney Nantasket Beach, Massachusetts, May “shift for ourselves in a forlorn place in this wilderness” Surviving the First Year of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, 1630-1631 Memoir of Roger Clap, ca. 1680s, excerpts * Roger Clap [Clapp] arrived in New England in May 1630 at age 21, having overcome his father's opposition to his emigration. In his seventies he began his memoir to tell his children of "God's remarkable providences . in bringing me to this land." A devout man, he interprets the lack of food for his body as part of God's providing food for the soul, in this case the souls of the Puritans as they created their religious haven. thought good, my dear children, to leave with you some account of God’s remarkable providences to me, in bringing me into this land and placing me here among his dear servants and in his house, who I am most unworthy of the least of his mercies. The Scripture requireth us to tell God’s wondrous works to our children, that they may tell them to their children, that God may have glory throughout all ages. Amen. I was born in England, in Sallcom, in Devonshire, in the year of our Lord 1609. My father was a man fearing God, and in good esteem among God’s faithful servants. His outward estate was not great, I think not above £80 per annum.1 We were five brethren (of which I was the youngest) and two sisters.
    [Show full text]
  • Life in the New England Colonies
    Life in the New England Colonies The New England colonies include Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and Rhode Island. The lifestyle of New England’s people was greatly impacted by both its geography and climate. New England’s economy depended on the environment. Its location near the Atlantic Ocean along a jagged coastline determined how people made a living. People in New England made money through fishing, whaling, shipbuilding, trading in its port cities and providing naval supplies. One of the busiest port cities was Boston. People in New England could not make a living from farming because most of the land was not suited to farming due to the hilly terrain and rocky soil. The nature of the soil was partially caused by the Appalachian Mountains. Another factor that made farming for profit difficult was climate; New England experienced moderate summers and cold winters. The growing season was simply too short to make farming profitable and most farms were small family ones. So rather than farming, many people not involved in industries involving the water were either skilled craftsman or shopkeepers. Towns and villages were very important in the daily lives of New Englanders. Their social lives revolved around village events and attending church. The Sabbath or Sunday was a high point of the week. Work was not allowed and it provided an opportunity to visit one another. Many of the New England colonies were founded by religious reformers and separatists searching for religious freedom. Civic events were also central to New England life. Town meetings determined answers to important questions about running the colony.
    [Show full text]
  • William Penn a Charter for the Colony of Pennsylvania
    When the Dutch se*led the area, they called it New Netherland and New York City was called New Amsterdam. When the Dutch se*led the area, they called it New Netherland and New York City was called New Amsterdam. *Hudson explored the area in 1611 for the Dutch East India Company, giving the Netherlands its claim to the territory. Biography of Henry Hudson Video Dutch East India Company Crash Course Video *To promote settlement, Dutch landholders were given huge tracks of land that they could rent out to tenant famers. *They were able to keep their land even when the British gained control. New Netherlands Video *1652-1674 - The Dutch and British fought 3 naval wars 3 Minute History: Anglo-Dutch Wars Video *1664 - the British sent a naval fleet to seize New Netherland and the Dutch surrendered it without a fight. *The territory was renamed for the Duke of York, the brother of King Charles II who received a charter for the territory. *1673 - The Dutch briefly captured the area, but it was quickly returned to British control. Brief History of New Netherland and New York * 1660 - Bergen became New Jersey’s first European settlement. *New Jersey was part of New Netherland until 1664 when the British took control. *In 1664, the Duke of York gave the land between the Hudson and Delaware Rivers to two friends, Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkley, and the area was re-named New Jersey. *In 1673, Berkley sold his share of western New Jersey to the Quakers. *Between 1674-1702, New Jersey was divided into 2 provinces: East and West Jersey.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
    STATE OF RHODE ISLAND AND PROVIDENCE PLANTATIONS JANUARY SESSION of the General Assembly begun and held at the State House in the City of Providence on Tuesday, the sixth day of January in the year of Our Lord two thousand and fifteen. Volume 142, No.46 Thursday, May 14, 2015 Forty-Sixth Legislative Day The Senate meets pursuant to adjournment and is called to order by the Honorable M. Teresa Paiva Weed, President of the Senate, at 4:30 o’clock P.M. The roll is called and a quorum is declared present with 35 Senators present and 3 Senators absent as follows: PRESENT – 35: The Honorable President Paiva Weed and Senators Algiere, Archambault, Ciccone, Cote, Coyne, Crowley, DaPonte, DiPalma, Felag, Fogarty, Gallo, Gee, Goldin, Goodwin, Jabour, Kettle, Lombardi, Lynch, McCaffrey, Metts, Miller, Morgan, Nesselbush, O'Neill, Ottiano, Pearson, Picard, Pichardo, Raptakis, Ruggerio, Satchell, Sheehan, Sosnowski, Walaska. ABSENT – 3: Senators Conley, Doyle and Lombardo. INVOCATION The Honorable President, by unanimous consent, presents Senator Walaska to deliver the invocation. (See Appendix for Invocation) PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE TO THE FLAG The Honorable President, by unanimous consent, presents Senator Walaska to lead the Senate in the pledge of allegiance to the flag. APPROVAL OF RECORD The Senate Journal of the Forty-Fifth Legislative Day of the 2015 proceedings is read in part. Upon suggestion of Senator Walaska and by unanimous consent, further reading of the Journal is dispensed with and the Journal approved as recorded. NEW BUSINESS S.J. -- 2 JOURNAL Thursday, May 14, 2015 Senate Resolution No. 909 BY Lombardi, Conley, Walaska, Felag, DaPonte ENTITLED, SENATE RESOLUTION CONGRATULATING THE ST.
    [Show full text]
  • Roger Williams, the Founder of Providence •Fi the Pioneer Of
    Providence College DigitalCommons@Providence Rhode Island History Special Collections 1908 Roger Williams, The Founder of Providence – The Pioneer of Religious Liberty Amasa M. Eaton Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/ri_history Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Eaton, Amasa M., "Roger Williams, The Founder of Providence – The Pioneer of Religious Liberty" (1908). Rhode Island History. 17. https://digitalcommons.providence.edu/ri_history/17 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at DigitalCommons@Providence. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rhode Island History by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Providence. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Rhode Island Educational Circulars HISTORICAL SERIES-II ROGER WILLIAMS THE FOUNDER OF PROVIDENCE-THE PIONEER OF RELIGIOUS LIBERTY BY AMASA M. EATON, A. M., LL. B. WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR STUDY IN SCHOOLS BY CLARA E. CRAIG DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE OF RHODE ~LAND PREFArl'OllY NOTE. In providing for the issue of a series of historical studies relating to Rhode Island, adapted to use in school, the Department of Education is fortunate in being able to present, a~ an initial number, Mr. Eaton's study of "Roger Williams, the Founder of Providence." It was first delivered as an address before the Rhode Island Historical Society on the second of October, 1906, upon the unveiling of the ·tablets placed by the State to mark the site of the spring where the settlers first landecl. and the site of the Roger Williams Home Lot. As the founder 6f Providence, as a leading actor in the beginnings of Rhode Island, and as one of the few famous Americans of Colonial times whose names will endure, Roger Williams is certainly a great historical personage, of whose life and times every pupil in our schools should have knowledge.
    [Show full text]
  • Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the First Great Awakening, 1729-1746
    Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the First Great Awakening, 1729-1746 by Justin James Pope B.A. in Philosophy and Political Science, May 2000, Eckerd College M.A. in History, May 2005, University of Cincinnati M.Phil. in History, May 2008, The George Washington University A Dissertation submitted to The Faculty of The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 31, 2014 Dissertation directed by David J. Silverman Professor of History The Columbian College of Arts and Sciences of The George Washington University certifies that Justin Pope has passed the Final Examination for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy January 10, 2014. This is the final and approved form of the dissertation. Dangerous Spirit of Liberty: Slave Rebellion, Conspiracy, and the Great Awakening, 1729-1746 Justin Pope Dissertation Research Committee: David J. Silverman, Professor of History, Dissertation Director Denver Brunsman, Assistant Professor of History, Committee Member Greg L. Childs, Assistant Professor of History, Committee Member ii © Copyright 2014 by Justin Pope All rights reserved iii Acknowledgments I feel fortunate to thank the many friends and colleagues, institutions and universities that have helped me produce this dissertation. The considerable research for this project would not have been possible without the assistance of several organizations. The Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, the Maryland Historical Society, the Cosmos Club Foundation of Washington, D.C., the Andrew Mellon Fellowship of the Virginia Historical Society, the W. B. H. Dowse Fellowship of the Massachusetts Historical Society, the Thompson Travel Grant from the George Washington University History Department, and the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Research Fellowship all provided critical funding for my archival research.
    [Show full text]
  • Ch. 3 Section 4: Life in the English Colonies Colonial Governments the English Colonies in North America All Had Their Own Governments
    Ch. 3 Section 4: Life in the English Colonies Colonial Governments The English colonies in North America all had their own governments. Each government was given power by a charter. The English monarch had ultimate authority over all of the colonies. A group of royal advisers called the Privy Council set English ​ ​ colonial policies. Colonial Governors and Legislatures Each colony had a governor who served as head of the government. Most governors were assisted by an advisory council. In royal colonies the English king or queen selected the governor and the council members. In proprietary colonies, the ​ ​ proprietors chose all of these officials. In a few colonies, such as Connecticut, the ​ ​ people elected the governor. In some colonies the people also elected representatives to help make laws and ​ ​ set policy. These officials served on assemblies. Each colonial assembly passed laws ​ ​ that had to be approved first by the advisory council and then by the governor. Established in 1619, Virginia's assembly was the first colonial legislature in ​ ​ ​ ​ North America. At first it met as a single body, but was later split into two houses. The first house was known as the Council of State. The governor's advisory council and the ​ ​ London Company selected its members. The House of Burgesses was the assembly's ​ ​ second house. The members were elected by colonists. It was the first democratically elected body in the English colonies. In New England the center of politics was the town meeting. In town meetings ​ ​ people talked about and decided on issues of local interest, such as paying for schools.
    [Show full text]