Lesson 5: The Development of the Colonies

1 2 Content Expectations 5 –U2.3.1: Describe significant developments in the , including:

• Patterns of settlement and control including the impact of geography (landforms and climate) on settlement

• Relations with American Indians (eg., Pequot/King Phillip’s War)

• Growth of agricultural (small farms) and non-agricultural (shipping, manufacturing) economies

• The development of government including establishment of town meetings, development of colonial legislatures and growth of royal government

• Religious tensions in that led to the establishment of other colonies in New England. 3 Reasons for Founding

Influence Economic of Activities Geography Development of the New England Colonies

Push Pull Factors Factors

4 5 English Settlers in New England

Making Inferences

6 TCI Text Series

7 8 The

After the Pilgrims founded , another religious group founded another English colony nearby.

Similarity: also disagreed with the Church of England.

Difference: did not want to separate from the Church, wanted to change some of the Church’s practices or make it more “pure.”

9 The Founding of the Massachusetts Colony

1629

• a group of Puritans joined other people in England to form the New England Company. • the King granted the company a charter. • The first group of Puritans sailed to New England that year. • They began a settlement named “Salem” on .

10 Salem

11 The Founding of the

1630 • brought a second and much larger group of Puritans from England . • The group included nearly one thousand colonists traveling on eleven ships.

He decided Salem was not the perfect place and went to a nearby area called which he renamed after his hometown in England.

12 Salem Boston

13 14 The Development of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

The first year

• very difficult • about 200 settlers died. • Another 200 returned to England in the spring of 1631.

Things improved and during the next 20 years more than 20,000 people settled in the colony. They were mostly Puritans.

• Many new villages, of which many were near Boston. • In the beginning, Puritan settlers got along fairly well with the Native Americans of the area. However, as the Puritans began to spread out in the region, conflicts with Native Americans increased.

15 The Development of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Economic Activities

• Region supported many different economic activities. • Although the soil was rocky, some people were still able to grow crops on small farms. • Other people cut lumber and used it to build houses and ships. • Fishing was also important in the colony.

16 The Development of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Social/Cultural

• Colony leaders enforced strict Puritan ways of life and laws. • People who did not follow Puritan ways were told to leave the colony. As a result of this, new colonies were founded in the region.

17 The Development of

Before Reading

After Reading

18 The Development of Rhode Island

Before Reading

After Reading

19 20

• Left England in 1631 and settled in Salem • Soon after became a minister. • Began to speak out against some Puritan ways • Became very unpopular with other ministers and with the . • In 1635 Puritan leaders voted to force him to leave the colony.

21 Roger Williams

• Fled from Salem to an area known as .

• 1636: many of his followers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony left and joined Williams.

• bought land from the Native Americans and began a settlement he called “Providence.”

22

Soon after Roger Williams was forced to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony another person began to speak out against strict Puritan practices: Anne Hutchinson

Held meetings in her home where she criticized the Puritan ministers. The meetings began to attract many followers.

In 1637 Anne Hutchinson was brought to trial for speaking out and acting against the Puritan leaders.

She was found guilty and ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

23 Anne Hutchinson

She moved with her family and many of her followers to the area of Narragansett Bay and began a settlement on an island near Providence.

Later her settlement joined with the one Roger Williams had founded. This became the Rhode Island Colony.

24 Narragansett Bay and Rhode Island 25 What’s Happening?

26

Because Massachusetts was so rocky, people began looking for better farm land in the Valley

Others began to come to the area for religious reasons.

The best known was Rev. .

27 Connecticut

• Rev. Hooker had decided to leave Massachusetts Bay because he thought the Puritan leaders had become too strict.

• He led a group of people from Massachusetts through the wilderness to the Connecticut River.

• The group consisted of about sixty men, women and children as well as horses, cows and pigs.

• His wife was to ill to walk so she was carried on a special horse- drawn litter.

• Thomas Hooker and his group founded the settlement of Hartford.

• In 1636 Hartford and the other earlier settlements united to become the .

28 Connecticut River

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People looking for better farmland headed north of Massachusetts and settled along the . Others came to the same area trying to escape the strict Puritan way of life.

Settlements begin based on farming, lumbering and fishing.

In 1679 the settlements were all united under a charter from the king when New Hampshire became a royal colony.

30 Merrimack River

31 Economic Activities Influence of Reasons for Geography Founding           Betterfarmland Religious freedom Ship building Ship in someLumbering areas. Fishing Some small farms Settlementsgrew riversalong and theocean. Colonies. The climate was healthier than that of theSouthern The land was rockyand notveryfor good farming. Winters beverycould harsh . 32 Pull Factors Push Factors      some people someseekbetter people to farmland. The poor soil the of MassachusettsBaycolony caused not following Puritan rules. Some people were expelledBay fromMassachusettsfor of England. their religious beliefs in England. This pushed them out The SeparatistsPuritans and beenhad persecuted for They was Theya hope freedom.for religious was New Hampshire. Farmland available was in areaslike and Connecticut 33