Lesson 5: The Development of the New England Colonies 1 2 Content Expectations 5 –U2.3.1: Describe significant developments in the New England colonies, including: • Patterns of settlement and control including the impact of geography (landforms and climate) on settlement • Relations with American Indians (eg., Pequot/King Phillip’s War) • Growth of agricultural (small farms) and non-agricultural (shipping, manufacturing) economies • The development of government including establishment of town meetings, development of colonial legislatures and growth of royal government • Religious tensions in Massachusetts that led to the establishment of other colonies in New England. 3 Reasons for Founding Influence Economic of Activities Geography Development of the New England Colonies Push Pull Factors Factors 4 5 English Settlers in New England Making Inferences 6 TCI Text Series 7 8 The Puritans After the Pilgrims founded Plymouth, another religious group founded another English colony nearby. Similarity: also disagreed with the Church of England. Difference: did not want to separate from the Church, wanted to change some of the Church’s practices or make it more “pure.” 9 The Founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony 1629 • a group of Puritans joined other people in England to form the New England Company. • the King granted the company a charter. • The first group of Puritans sailed to New England that year. • They began a settlement named “Salem” on Massachusetts Bay. 10 Salem 11 The Founding of the Massachusetts Bay Colony 1630 • John Winthrop brought a second and much larger group of Puritans from England . • The group included nearly one thousand colonists traveling on eleven ships. He decided Salem was not the perfect place and went to a nearby area called Shawmut which he renamed Boston after his hometown in England. 12 Salem Boston 13 14 The Development of the Massachusetts Bay Colony The first year • very difficult • about 200 settlers died. • Another 200 returned to England in the spring of 1631. Things improved and during the next 20 years more than 20,000 people settled in the colony. They were mostly Puritans. • Many new villages, of which many were near Boston. • In the beginning, Puritan settlers got along fairly well with the Native Americans of the area. However, as the Puritans began to spread out in the region, conflicts with Native Americans increased. 15 The Development of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Economic Activities • Region supported many different economic activities. • Although the soil was rocky, some people were still able to grow crops on small farms. • Other people cut lumber and used it to build houses and ships. • Fishing was also important in the colony. 16 The Development of the Massachusetts Bay Colony Social/Cultural • Colony leaders enforced strict Puritan ways of life and laws. • People who did not follow Puritan ways were told to leave the colony. As a result of this, new colonies were founded in the region. 17 The Development of Rhode Island Before Reading After Reading 18 The Development of Rhode Island Before Reading After Reading 19 20 Roger Williams • Left England in 1631 and settled in Salem • Soon after became a minister. • Began to speak out against some Puritan ways • Became very unpopular with other ministers and with the Governor. • In 1635 Puritan leaders voted to force him to leave the colony. 21 Roger Williams • Fled from Salem to an area known as Narragansett Bay. • 1636: many of his followers from the Massachusetts Bay Colony left and joined Williams. • bought land from the Native Americans and began a settlement he called “Providence.” 22 Anne Hutchinson Soon after Roger Williams was forced to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony another person began to speak out against strict Puritan practices: Anne Hutchinson Held meetings in her home where she criticized the Puritan ministers. The meetings began to attract many followers. In 1637 Anne Hutchinson was brought to trial for speaking out and acting against the Puritan leaders. She was found guilty and ordered to leave the Massachusetts Bay Colony. 23 Anne Hutchinson She moved with her family and many of her followers to the area of Narragansett Bay and began a settlement on an island near Providence. Later her settlement joined with the one Roger Williams had founded. This became the Rhode Island Colony. 24 Narragansett Bay and Rhode Island 25 What’s Happening? 26 Connecticut Because Massachusetts was so rocky, people began looking for better farm land in the Connecticut River Valley Others began to come to the area for religious reasons. The best known was Rev. Thomas Hooker. 27 Connecticut • Rev. Hooker had decided to leave Massachusetts Bay because he thought the Puritan leaders had become too strict. • He led a group of people from Massachusetts through the wilderness to the Connecticut River. • The group consisted of about sixty men, women and children as well as horses, cows and pigs. • His wife was to ill to walk so she was carried on a special horse- drawn litter. • Thomas Hooker and his group founded the settlement of Hartford. • In 1636 Hartford and the other earlier settlements united to become the Connecticut Colony. 28 Connecticut River 29 New Hampshire People looking for better farmland headed north of Massachusetts and settled along the Merrimack River. Others came to the same area trying to escape the strict Puritan way of life. Settlements begin based on farming, lumbering and fishing. In 1679 the settlements were all united under a charter from the king when New Hampshire became a royal colony. 30 Merrimack River 31 Religious freedom Better farmland. Founding Reasons for for Reasons Winters could be very harsh The land was rocky and not very good for farming. The climate was healthier than that of the Southern Colonies. Geography Influence of of Influence Settlements grew along rivers and the ocean. Some small farms Fishing Lumbering in some areas. Ship building Economic Activities Economic 32 The Separatists and Puritans had been persecuted for their religious beliefs in England. This pushed them out of England. Some people were expelled from Massachusetts Bay for not following Puritan rules. Push Factors Push The poor soil of the Massachusetts Bay colony caused some people to seek better farmland. Farmland was available in areas like Connecticut and New Hampshire. They was a hope for religious freedom. Pull Factors 33.