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HERBAL MONOGRAPHS including HERBAL MEDICINAL PRODUCTS and FOOD SUPPLEMENTS

Maria Spiteri t OOJ1.:0t,lJ,.. 2.5 ~ .Wtm"t ~llt!~~J ·tMn, t:bia -eci-0vtcur

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H.P.N.D. Edwcm IS '!rad: l'llll!r !mOO IDI!Iilgdlen lftt ll'IIIUll! Sl'~m, P.P .'M'if5u:d Stooa·t, heljimg s~ die llod(s n detences and so i1creainJ the tiamrur. 1H!MR t8 5~ re5JlOM mlrdMM ~IJth M d Mil ·nu. Tel +356 2122.;7027 Herbal Monographs including Herbal Medicinal Products and Food Supplements

Maria Spiteri

Department of Pharmacy University of Malta 2011 This book was compiled by Maria Spiteri as part of a project carried out for the partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course leading to the Degree of Bachelor of Pharmacy (Hons.). The study was carried out under the supervision of Professor Anthony Serracino- Inglott, at the Department of Pharmacy, University of Malta, to whom I owe my gratitude for his guidance.

Information compiled has been obtained from sources believed to be reliable in order to provide information that is complete and generally in accordance with the standards accepted at the time of writing. Readers are encouraged to check the product information on the packaging of the product and/or package insert to be certain that no changes to dose, contraindications or drug interactions have been made due to recent research and clinical experience.

The author makes no representation, expressed or implied, with regards to the accuracy of the information contained in this book, and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made.

© Department of Pharmacy, University of Malta 2011

Set and printed by Print Right Ltd, Qormi Contents

Preface v

Introduction vi

About this herbal handbook vii

Acknowledgements viii

Abbreviations ix

Monographs 1

References 169

Indices Indications Index 191 Contraindications Index 217 Herb Name Index 223 Product Index 229

Monographs

Acerola 1 Birch Leaf 16 Agnus Castus 1 Bitter Orange 16 Alfalfa 2 Black Cohosh 17 Aloe Vera 3 Bladderwrack 19 Angelica 6 Blessed Thistle 19 Aniseed 7 Boldo 20 Arnica 8 Boneset 21 Artichoke 10 Boswellia 21 Bamboo 11 Brahmi 22 Baobab 11 Buchu 23 Barberry 12 Buckthorn 23 Barley 13 Buckwheat 24 Bilberry 13 Burdock 27

~ iii ~ Butcher’s Broom 27 Ginger 66 California Poppy 28 Ginkgo 68 Caraway 29 Ginseng Korean 73 Cardamom 29 Goldenseal 77 Cascara Sagrada 30 Gotu Kola 78 Cat’s Claw 31 Grapeseed 78 Catnip 32 Green Coffee 81 Cayenne 32 Green Tea 82 Celery 33 Griffonia (5-HTP) 85 Centaury 34 Grindelia 86 Chamomile, German 34 Guarana 87 Chickweed 35 Guar Gum 88 Chicory 36 Gymnema 89 Cinchona 36 Hawthorn 89 Cinnamon 37 Hoodia 90 Cleavers 38 Hops 91 Clove 39 Horehound 92 Colt’s Foot 40 Horny Goat Weed 92 Comfrey 40 Horse Chestnut 93 Corn Silk 41 Horseradish 94 Couch Grass 41 Horsetail 95 Cranberry 42 Hydrangea 95 Cranesbill 44 Hyssop 96 Damiana 44 Iceland Moss 96 Dandelion 45 Ivy Leaf 97 Devil’s Claw 46 Juniper 97 Dong Quai 47 Karela 98 Echinacea 49 Kelp 99 Elder 51 Kidney Bean 100 Elecampane 52 Kola Nut 100 Ephedra 53 Lavender 101 Eucalyptus 54 Lemon Balm 102 Evening Primrose 55 Lemongrass 103 Eyebright 57 Licorice 104 Fennel 58 Linden 105 Fenugreek 59 Luffa 106 Feverfew 61 Maca 107 Flaxseed 61 Magnolia 108 Gamboge 63 Mallow 108 Garlic 64 Marigold 109 Gentian 66 Marshmallow 110

~ iv ~ Maté 111 Sage 139 Meadowsweet 111 Sarsaparilla 140 Milk Thistle 113 Saw Palmetto 141 Muira-Puama 115 Schisandra 142 Mullein 116 Scotch Pine 143 Myrrh 116 Senna 144 Nasturtium 117 Shiitake Mushroom 145 Neem 117 Siberian Ginseng 145 Nettle 118 Slippery Elm 148 Oats 119 Sorrel 148 Olive 120 St. John’s Wort 149 Oregon Grape 121 Starflower 150 Papaya 122 Sundew 152 Parsley 123 Sweet Clover 153 Passionflower 124 Tamarind 153 Pau D’Arco 125 Tea Tree 154 Peony 125 Thyme 155 Peppermint 126 Tragacanth 156 Pineapple 127 Turmeric 157 Plantain 128 Uva-Ursi 158 Pomegranate 128 Valerian 159 Prickly Ash 129 Velvet Bean 160 Psyllium 129 White Willow 161 Pumpkin 131 Wild Lettuce 161 Pygeum 132 Wild Oregano 162 Raspberry 132 Wild Yam 162 Red Clover 133 Witch Hazel 163 Rhodiola 133 Wolfberry 164 Rhubarb 134 Wood Betony 164 Rice 135 Wormwood 165 Rose Hip 135 Yarrow 165 Roselle 137 Yellow Dock 166 Rosemary 137 Yohimbe 166 Safflower 138 Yucca 167 Saffron 139

~ v ~ Preface

Students in the department of pharmacy are encouraged to develop skills to give advice and support patients on the use of medicines. In order to reach this goal, students have to present a project in an area of pharmacy. Maria Spiteri worked on a project to device a formulary of herbal medicines available locally under the supervision of Professor Anthony Serracino- Inglott. The department is grateful to all those who helped Maria in this project leading to the publication of this book.

This book has an academic value as it is the result of careful research by Maria Spiteri and is of practical use since it is intended to be used by healthcare professionals during their day to day work.

In this day and age when the health professionals are giving significant attention to pharmacovigilance, such work presents a good opportunity to advance the process of vigilance over medicine use. One may state that the case of herbal medicines, and also for food supplements, merits an extra dose of input as present sources of information are lacking compared to what is available on conventional medicine.

This book is meant to promote guidelines. The references provide for further reading. In practice one should not rely solely on facts presented in this book, however diligently it was prepared.

Professor Lilian M. Azzopardi Head, Department of Pharmacy

~ vi ~ introduction

The focus of medicinal use has shifted from herbal medicines to synthetic drugs in the last century. There is a movement to reconsider the benefits of herbal medicines. There is a school advocating the use of traditional medicine in addition to a more western type of therapy. Herbal medicines are, however, contrary to common belief, not immune to adverse effects. Consequently doctors, pharmacists and other health professionals as well as patients themselves need to extend their knowledge on herbal medicines. Patients are continuously taught how to take care of their own health. Since a number of herbal medicines are used in self care a greater awareness of the benefits and the possible unwanted effects that may occur is needed. A good glance into the Maltese islands shows that potentially harmful reactions could result from use of such medicines since many believe herbal therapy presents a possibility of causing harm. On the one hand lack of knowledge on the subject not only by patients but also by some health professionals could potentially be a cause for adverse effects while on the other hand misconceptions about herbal medicines may limit the number of patients who could benefit from their use. Easy access to patients makes community pharmacists the ideal health care professionals for offering the necessary information and advice. Pharmacies have the advantage of being conveniently located and the community pharmacist is easily accessible and may be approached without the need of a prior appointment.

The aim of this book on herbal medicines is to provide enough information to arouse the interest of the reader for further reading. Hence the well referenced nature of this work.

It was a pleasure to supervise this work by Maria Spiteri who has worked hard to deliver such a useful service listing the herbal medicines available in Malta including those classified as borderline products.

Professor Anthony Serracino-Inglott Department of Pharmacy

~ vii ~ About this Herbal handbook

Each monograph summarizes in a concise form the most useful scientific research and review information on a plant drug, together with brief information on the herbal medicinal products and food supplements available in Maltese community pharmacies and health food shops. As a reflection of the volume of scientific literature available, in most of the monographs, the proportion of reference papers published since the year 2000 is remarkably high. Internet access to free databases and abstracts of new papers, especially from major journals published in English, has greatly enhanced awareness of the available literature. The acquisition of scientific papers not available at the UOM library was time-consuming and costly, but essential for documentary research of this kind.

This book aims to address the practical needs of all healthcare professionals, particularly pharmacists, who advice patients who take complementary medicines. The monographs provide information on the classification, indications, cautions, contraindications, side-effects, drug interactions and dose. The indications in the monographs are subdivided into principal, major, minor and others in order to give an indication on the actual and potential use of the herbal medicinal product. Such information is well referenced, with over 500 references. For a great number of herbs there is an abundance of research to draw on, whereas for some others the research is scarce and much is still speculative or based on traditional or historical use. To make the book more practical for use by pharmacists a comprehensive indications index is presented. The book was developed considering current evidence-based practice and was validated by a panel of experts and also by laymen through a one-to-one interview.

Recent EU legislation, brought about to ensure patients’ safety, gave rise to a change in the classification of what was previously ambiguously referred to as herbal products. While many herbal products are medicines, others are not, and so do not require registration as medicinal products. Herbal medicinal products, fall into two main categories, depending on whether they fulfill the criteria for the definition of a traditional herbal medicinal product or a medicinal product. This re-classification of herbal products, done by the Malta Medicines Authority, is very lengthy and time-consuming process, and to date the classification is incomplete. Both food supplements and herbal medicinal products were included in this book.

~ viii ~ Acknowledgements

Putting together a book of this kind is a great task. It took about three years of planning, researching, reviewing, writing and rewriting. It also took patience, resourcefulness and help from some key people in order for it to become a ‘real’ entity. Foremost I offer my sincere gratitude to Professor Lilian M. Azzopardi, Professor Anthony Serracino-Inglott, Dr Maurice Zarb Adami and Dr Claire Shoemake from the Department of Pharmacy for suggesting the title of this project which was the start of my love for complementary medicine and for their support, advice and guidance throughout. I am particularly indebted to Dr Everaldo Attard not only for his invaluable help in the compilation of the indications and contraindications indices but also for magnificent support in other ways, from book design to the supply of scientific information and computer assistance. Many thanks also to all the healthcare professionals and herbal specialists who helped in the validation process for their professionalism, dedication and passion because they truly believed that this is a very useful job resulting in a book which is much needed by most local healthcare professionals. Particular thanks are expressed to all the local distributors who have patiently provided me with complete lists of herbal products that each and every one of them distributes to the local market and later confirming that all the products are still available and/or advice about new products or products which have been discontinued. Sincere thanks and warm gratitude goes to many, many people that have provided emotional support and encouragement particularly my parents and eldest sister Miran, as well my youngest siblings for their patience. I am also thankful to my aunt, Mary Fenech, for providing me with literature on herbal products and her help during the validation stage by suggesting healthcare professionals specialized on complementary medicine, as well as all my other close relatives and friends. Finally, a very special thanks to all those who believed in my work and were willing to help financially so as to be able to print both volume 1 and eventually this book. Particular thanks goes to Mr Gaetano Buttigieg, managing director of Print Right Ltd, for sponsoring a substantial part of the printing costs of this book and its copies.

~ ix ~ Abbreviations

5-HTP 5-hydroxytryptophan ACE Angiotensin converting enzyme ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome BP British Pharmacopoeia BPH Benign prostatic hypertrophy CHF Congestive heart failure CLA Conjugate linoleic acid CNS Central nervous system COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease DHA Docosahexaenoic acid DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid EFA Essential fatty acid EPA Eicosapentaenoic acid EPO Evening primrose oil Equiv Equivalent EU European Union FA Fatty acid FDA Food and drug administration GI Gastrointestinal GLA Gamma linolenic acid HIV Human influenza virus HMP Herbal medicinal product HRT Hormone replacement therapy HSV Herpes simplex virus IBD Irritable bowel disease INR International normalised ratio LA Linoleic acid

~ x ~ LDL Low density lipoprotein MAOI Monoamine oxidase inhibitor mcg Micrograms mg Milligrams MSM Methyl Sulphonyl Methane NNRTI Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor NSAIDs Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs NYHA New York Heart Association OCD Obsessive-compulsive disorder OCP Oral contraceptive pill OTC Over the counter oz Ounce PABA Para amino benzoic acid PMS Premenstrual syndrome ppm Parts per million SARS-associated CV SARS-associated coronavirus SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus SSRI Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor tsp Teaspoon UOM University of Malta UVA Ultraviolet A UVB Ultraviolet B UVC Ultraviolet C

~ xi ~

acerola

Monographs

ACEROLA Malpighia glabra

Family: Malpighiaceae beneficial synergistic effect with soy Medicinal Parts: Leaves, fruit. & alfalfa4.

Indications: Dose: 40-100mg daily2. Principal: Common cold (acerola is a source of vitamin C)1, 2 . Altasterol® Stimulant (Alta Care) see Others: Prophylaxis of scurvy3, Ginger prophylaxis of atherogenesis in Children’s Echinacea (HealthAid) see patients with increased risk of Echinacea coronary heart disease4. Cranberry (Arkopharma) see Cranberry Cautions: Patients allergic to latex2. Ester-C® 1000mg Plus Vitamin C Contraindications: None noted. (Solgar) Tablets; Vitamin C 1000mg, citrus bioflavonoids 200mg, acerola fruit Side-effects: Nausea, stomach powdered extract 25mg, powdered rose cramps, sleepiness, insomnia3. hip 25mg, rutin 25mg. Local Distributor: Natural Remedies Drug interactions: Decreased activity of fluphenazine and warfarin3, Formula VM-75 (Solgar) see Buckwheat

AGNUS CASTUS Vitex agnus-castus

Family: Lamiaceae postmenopausal women6. Medicinal Parts: Fruit. Contraindications: Oestrogen or Indications: progesterone sensitive tumours, Principal: PMS, irregularities of pregnancy5. the menstrual cycle, mastalgia, mastodynia, poor lactation5, 28. Side-effects: Nausea, headache, GI Major: Acne5, mastopathy, hot flushes disturbances, menstrual disorders, and sleep disturbances in pre- and acne, pruritus, erythematous rash5, 7.

~ 1 ~ alfalfa

Drug interactions: Dopamine Agnus Castus Herbal Complex (Vega) antagonists, oral contraceptives5. Capsules; Agnus castus berry extract (5:1) 60mg (equiv. to 300mg agnus castus berry herb); Vega Phytoantioxidant Dose: Aqueous alcohol extract: 30- TM 8 Base 330mg providing antioxidants and 40mg daily ; Fruit: 0.5-1g three times prebiotics: apple & mixed wild berries daily9. concentrate 8:1, equiv. to herb 528mg, prebiotic acacia gum 264mg. Acne-n-Pimple Cream (Himalaya) see Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Aloe Vera Ltd.

Agnus Castus (A.Vogel) Femmevit® (HealthAid) see Starflower Liquid; Tincture of chaste tree dried fruit, extracted in alcohol (69% v/v). Herbal Female Complex (Solgar) see Local Distributor: Health Plus Black Cohosh

Agnus Castus (HealthAid) Menovital® (HealthAid) see Dong Quai Liquid; Agnus castus extract 1:3 (equiv. to 330mg of agnus castus herb in 1ml). Vitex Agnus Castus 1000mg (Lamberts) Tablets; Agnus castus powder 550mg. Tablets; 1000mg Vitex agnus-castus Local Distributor: Galea & Galea (provided by 100mg of a 10:1 extract). Local Distributor: Health Plus

ALFALFA Medicago sativa

Family: Fabaceae children under 1813, pregnant or Medicinal Parts: Whole flowering breast-feeding9, 12. plant, germinating seeds. Side-effects: Photosensitivity11, mild Indications: GI symptoms (stomach discomfort, Principal: Hypercholesterolemia; diarrhea, flatulence), hypoglycemia, used as a source of nutrients including muscle pain, fatigue, abnormal blood vitamins9. cell count13. Major: Diabetes11, 28; malfunctioning of the thyroid gland28. Drug interactions: HRT, anti- Minor: Kidney, bladder & prostate oestrogen therapy, contraceptive pill, disorders; asthma; arthritis10, 11. anticoagulants14.

Cautions: Undergoing HRT, taking Dose: 5-10g dried herb three times birth control medications12, diabetes13. daily; 5-10ml liquid extract (1:1 in 25% alcohol) three times daily9, 12. Contraindications: History of SLE,

~ 2 ~ aloe vera

Alfalfa (Arkopharma) Healthy Mega (HealthAid) see Tablets; Medicago sativa powder 435mg. Buckwheat Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Slim-Rite (HealthAid) Alfalfa 500mg (Power Health) Tablets; Alfalfa leaf powder 200mg, Tablets; Alfalfa powder 500mg. buckthorn extract 75mg, cascara sagrada Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. extract 50mg, birch extract 40mg, taurine 40mg, dandelion extract 20mg, uva Alfalfa Leaf (HealthAid) ursi extract 20mg, bladderwrack extract Tablets; Alfalfa leaf powder 700mg. 17mg, barberry root powder 10mg, ginger Local Distributor: Galea & Galea root powder 5mg, chicory powder 3mg, parsley seed powder 2mg, nasturtium EyeVit (HealthAid) see Eyebright extract 2mg, juniper berry powder 2mg, curcuma root powder 250mcg. Formula VM-75 (Solgar) see Buckwheat Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

ALOE VERA Aloe barbadensis

Family: Aloeaceae Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Medicinal Parts: Leaves. to aloe or with nausea, vomiting or signs & symptoms of GI obstruction5, Indications: GI obstruction, appendicitis, Principal: Topically as an emollient abdominal pain of unknown origin, for wounds, burns, sunburn, mild children under 128, pregnancy and abrasion15, 16, 17. lactation, chronic constipation, kidney Major: Occasional constipation15, 16, 17. disorders, haemorrhoids, irritable Minor: Ulcers, psoriasis, genital bowel conditions15. herpes, radiation-induced dermatitis, type 2 diabetes, HIV infection, Side-effects: Cramping, diarrhoea, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel dependency or worsening of syndrome, lung cancer prevention5, constipation, red urine16, 17, 16, 17. hypersensitivities and contact dermatitis to aloe5. Cautions: Thyrotoxicosis5, heart disease, electrolyte abnormalities, Drug interactions: Antidiabetic diabetes or hypoglycemia16. Avoid therapy, laxatives, cardiac glycosides, excessive and long-term use (more antiarrhythmic drugs18; thiazide than 2 weeks), as potassium losses diuretics, corticosteroids, licorice may occur, which may alter cardiac roots – cause exacerbation of electrophysiology5. potassium depletion14.

~ 3 ~ aloe vera

Dose: Single dose: powdered aloe aloe vera gel 25mg. vera, 50-200mg at bedtime; tincture Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. (1:40, 45% ethanol), 2-8ml. Aloe vera Aloe Vera 5000mg (HealthAid) should be taken for a maximum of 15 Capsules; Aloe vera (200:1) gel extract 8-10 days . equiv. to 5000mg of fresh aloe vera. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Active Mature 50+ (Vega) Tablets; Aloe vera whole leaf extract 200:1 Aloe Vera 10,000mg (Lamberts) equiv. to herb 2000mg, ginkgo biloba Capsules; 10,000mg aloe vera extract leaf extract 50:1 equiv. to herb 500mg, equivalent to 50mg of a 200:1 extract. deodorized garlic clove extract 10:1, equiv. Local Distributor: Health Plus to herb 100mg, magnesium 90mg, vitamin C 60mg, niacin 30mg, betaine hydrochloride Aloe Vera ESI® (ESI) 30mg, bilberry fruit extract 4:1 equiv. to Gel; Aloe vera, tea tree, vitamin E. herb 30mg, cruciferous vegetable (cabbage, Juice; Aloe vera. broccoli, sprouts) concentrate 30mg, Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. pancreatin (vegetarian source) 30mg, shiitake mushroom powder 30mg, vitamin Aloe Vera Herbal Complex (Vega) E 30mg, pantothenic acid 18mg, zinc 15mg, Capsules; Aloe vera whole leaf extract choline bitartrate 10mg, inositol 10mg, 200:1 equiv. to herb 500mg; Vega vitamin B6 10mg, iron 7mg, beta carotene Phytoantioxidant BaseTM providing 4.8mg, vitamin B2 4.8mg, vitamin B1 antioxidants and prebiotics: apple & mixed 4.2mg, alpha lipoic acid 2mg, lutein esters wild berries concentrate 8:1 equiv. to herb 2mg, folate 600mcg, manganese 0.5mg, 624mg, prebiotic acacia gum 312mg. selenium 200mcg, chromium 100mcg, Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. copper 100mcg, vitamin B12 5mcg, vitamin D2 5mcg. Aloe Vera Juice (Kelkin) Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. Juice; Aloe barbadensis miller leaf juice (filtered), citric acid anhydrous E330, Acne-n-Pimple Cream (Himalaya) potassium sorbate E202, sodium benzoate Cream; Lentil, silk cotton tree, alum, aloe E211. vera, chaste tree. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Local Distributor: Grefed Worldwide Trading Aloe Vera Juice (Power Health) Juice; 99.7% aloe vera. Alkagin® (Istituto Ganassini) see Mallow Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

Aloe Vera (HealthAid) Altaflora® Gastrogel (Alta Care) Cream, lotion; Aloe vera, lavender oil, Syrup; Pineapple concentrate 9.46g, aloe patchouli oil, sweet almond oil. leaf 400mg, elder leaf 30mg, liquorice Gel; Aloe vera. 30mg, fructose 25mg, mint leaf 20mg, Soap; Aloe vera leaf juice 3%, lavender oil, green aniseed 20mg, xanthane gum 5mg, patchouli oil. pineapple flavour 2.5mg, pineapple juice Local Distributor: Galea & Galea extract 2mg, artichoke extract 1.5mg, papaya dry extract 1mg, potassium sorbate Aloe Vera 5000 (Power Health) 1mg, sodium methyl parahydroxybenzoate Capsules; Aloe vera (200:1) equiv. to fresh 1mg.

~ 4 ~ aloe vera

Tablets; Di calcium phosphate 268mg, Erbalax® Forte Compresse (Erba Vita) see calcium carbonate 105mg, micro Senna crystalline cellulose 100mg, aloe vera concentrate 80mg, pineapple extract Gastro-Vit Formula (Vega) 50mg, fennel seed extract 30mg, Capsules; Aloe vera whole leaf extract chamomile extract 30mg, papaya latex 200:1 equiv. to herb 2000mg; oat bran extract 20mg, magnesium stearate 14mg, 50mg; aniseed fruit oil and powder lactobacillus acidophilus 1mg, peppermint 20mg; caraway fruit/seed oil and powder essential oil 1mg, silica 1mg. 20mg; deglycyrrhised liquorice root Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. extract 20mg; ginger root powder 10mg; cardamon pod oil 10mg; cinnamon bark Bromelain Complex (Vega) oil 10mg; activated organic charcoal Capsules; Aloe vera whole leaf extract 50mg; prebiotic fructooligosaccharides 200:1 equiv. to herb 2000mg, bromelain 50mg; lipase 10mg; peppermint leaf 200mg, vitamin C 60mg, DL-phenylalanine powder 10mg; protease 10mg; Vega 50mg, flaxseed seed powder 50mg, malic Phytoantioxidant BaseTM 50mg providing acid 50mg, pumpkin seed powder 50mg, antioxidants and prebiotics: apple and niacin 18mg, vitamin E 10mg, zinc 7.5mg, mixed wild berries concentrate 8:1, equiv. pantothenic acid 6mg, vitamin B6 2mg, to herb 80mg, prebiotic acacia gum 40mg. vitamin B2 1.6mg, vitamin B1 1.4mg, Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. manganese 0.25mg, folate 200mcg, selenium 100mcg, copper 50mcg, vitamin Herbal Cream (HealthAid) see Arnica

B12 1mcg. ® Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. Multi-Gyn ActiGel (MultiGyn) Gel; Aloe barbadensis extract, *2QR- Coloclear Extra (Higher Nature) see complex. Flaxseed Local Distributor: Svea Distributors Co. Ltd. Multi-Gyn® FemiWash (MultiGyn) Colonease (HealthAid) Emulsion; Aloe barbadensis extract, lactic Capsules; 25mg Aloe vera (200:1), 5mg acid, 2QR-complex*. peppermint oil, 5mg parsley seed oil, 1mg Local Distributor: Svea Distributors Co. Ltd. clary sage oil. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea ® Multi-Gyn LiquiGel (MultiGyn) Gel; Aloe barbadensis extract, *2QR- Dermavital (HealthAid) complex. Lotion; Aloe barbadensis (Aloe vera), Local Distributor: Svea Distributors Co. Ltd. Lavandula angustifolia (lavender oil), water, glycerin, cetearyl alcohol (from palm Multi-Gyn® Tablets (MultiGyn) oil), isopropyl palmitate (from palm oil), Effervescent tablets; Sodium bicarbonate, dimethicone, ceteareth-20, stearic acid, cetyl citric acid, aloe vera powder, lactose, alcohol (from palm oil), phenoxyethanol, ascorbic acid. ethylhexylglycerin, pogostemon cablin Local Distributor: Svea Distributors Co. Ltd. (patchouli oil), triethanolamine, tetrasodium EDTA, carbomer, tocopheryl acetate Multi-Mam® BabyWash (Multi-Mam) (vitamin E), linalool, limonene & geraniol from natural essential oils . * Patented bio-active polysaccharides derived Local Disributor: Galea & Galea from Aloe barbadensis inner leaf gel by molecular filtration process.

~ 5 ~ ananas

Emulsion; Aloe barbadensis extract, lactic Lip Balm; Aloe vera, shea butter, beeswax, acid, lavendula angustifolia, 2QR-complex. vitamin E. Local Distributor: Svea Distributors Co. Ltd. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Multi-Mam® Compresses (Multi-Mam) Organic Aloe Vera Gel Infused with Compresses; 2QR-complex, glycerin (plant Cucumber, Witch Hazel and Calendula (dr. origin), xanthan gum. organic®) Local Distributor: Svea Distributors Co. Ltd. Gel; Aloe vera, cucumber, calendula, witch hazel, arnica. Neo Fermental Max (ESI) Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Capsules; Aloe vera 20mg, vitamin B2 1.4mg, vitamin B6 1.4mg, vitamin B1 Organic Aloe Vera Gel Infused with 1.1mg, vitamin B12 2.5mcg, bacillus Organic Tea Tree Oil and Arnica (dr. coagulans, fructooligosaccharides. organic®) Sachets; Aloe vera 60mg, vitamin B2 1.4mg, Gel; Aloe vera, tea tree oil, witch hazel, vitamin B6 1.4mg, vitamin B1 1.1mg, arnica. vitamin B12 2.5mcg, bacillus coagulans Local Distributor: Galea & Galea fructosaccharides. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Organic Lavender (dr.organic®) see Lavender No-Dol (ESI) see Devil’s Claw Organic Pomegranate (dr.organic®) see Organic Aloe Vera (dr.organic®) Pomegranate Cream; Aloe vera, shea butter, cocoa butter, ® sweet almond oil, panthenol. Organic Tea Tree (dr.organic ) see Tea tree Eye gel; Aloe vera, butcher’s broom, horse chestnut, gotu kola, calendula, liquorice, Rash Relief Cream (Rapaid) eyebright, panthenol. Cream; Aloe vera, tea tree oil. Gel; Aloe vera. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd.

ANanas see Pineapple

ANGELICA Angelica archangelica

Family: Umbelliferae such as mild GI spasms, flatulence, Medicinal Parts: Seed, whole herb, eructation, bloating or sluggish root. digestion; loss of appetite, anorexia nervosa8, 9, 19, 28. Indications: Major: Bronchitis, respiratory catarrh, Principal: Dyspeptic complaints rheumatic and arthritic conditions,

~ 6 ~ anise menstruation complaints9, 19, 28. Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, Minor: Peripheral vascular disease thrombolytic agents, low molecular (a specific treatment for Buerger’s weight heparins28. disease)19. Others: Liver & biliary duct Dose: Three times daily: dried root conditions, body lice28. and rhizome, 0.6-2 gm or as an infusion (1 in 20); liquid extract 1:1 in Cautions: Avoid prolonged exposure 25% alcohol, 0.5-2 ml; tincture 1:5 in to sunlight for the duration of 50% alcohol, 0.5-2ml19. treatment with Angelica or its preparations19, 28. Carbogas (Sella) see Fennel

® Contraindications: Pregnancy9, 19, 28. CarbonFlor (Erba Vita) see Aniseed Flodol® Artro (Alta Care) see Side-effects: Photosensitization Meadowsweet of the skin is possible due to furanocoumarins8, 19, 28. Menophase (Higher Nature) see Schisandra

ANISE see Aniseed

ANISEED Pimpinella anisum

9, 19 Family: Umbelliferae Minor: To stimulate lactation . Medicinal Parts: Essential oil from External ripe & dried fruit. As diluted anise oil to treat lice and scabies9, 19. Indications: Internal Cautions: Pregnancy, lactation Principal: Dyspeptic complaints such (increases milk secretions, promotes as flatulence and colic especially in menstruation & facilitates birth), 9, 14 children, nausea, indigestion9, 19. patients on OCP, HRT or MAOIs . Major: Catarrhs of the respiratory tract, bronchitis, whooping cough, Contraindications: Hypersensitivity spasmodic cough9, 19, 20. to anise or related plants in the

~ 7 ~ arnica

Umbelliferae family such as fennel, Altaflora® Gastrogel (Alta Care) see Aloe cumin and coriander14. Vera CarbonFlor® (Erba Vita) Side-effects: Contact dermatitis, 9, 21 Capsules; Charcoal 202.5mg, green anise photodermatitis, asthma . fruits dry extract 202.5mg, fennel fruits dry extract 202.5mg, standardised at 0.5% Drug interactions: Caution with in essential oil, angelica root dry extract patients on MAOIs, warfarin22, 202.5mg, peppermint leaves micronized contraceptive pill, HRT. powder 135mg, balm-mint leaves dry extract 135mg, standardized at 2% in rosemary acid, pineapple stem dry extract Dose: Dried, crushed fruits, 3g as an 135mg, oats fruits dry extract 135mg. infusion or equivalent preparation; Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. anise oil, 0.3g19. External use: Preparations containing Gastro-Vit Formula (Vega) see Aloe Vera 5-10% of anise oil19. Ivy-Thyme Complex (A.Vogel) see Thyme Alito Fresco e Balsamico (Sella) see Karbofin Forte (ESI) see Fennel Eucalyptus Potter’s Sugar Free Cough Pastilles see Licorice

ARNICA Arnica montana† Minor Family: Asteraceae/Compositae : Furunculosis, phlebitis, cardiac insufficiency, angina pectoris, Medicinal Parts: Flowers, leaves, 8, 9, 19, 20 rhizome, roots. myocarditis . Others: Oedema during the early postoperative period23, 24, phrophylaxis Indications: 25 Principal: Bruises, sprains23. of pain in tonsillectomy . Major: Unbroken chilblains, Cautions: For use only on unbroken dislocations, inflammation caused by 19 insect bites, oedema associated with skin . fractures, rheumatic complaints in Contraindications: muscles and joints8, 9, 19, 20. Other known hypersensitivity to other family members of the family Compositae, † Arnica should not be taken internally except 14, 19, 20, 26, in suitable homeopathic dilutions. Oral and Tagetes spp. (Marigold) 27 administration of arnica is often accompanied . by severe side effects and may even lead to death8.

~ 8 ~ arnica

Side-effects: oil, ylang-ylang. Fairly common: Skin irritation and Local Distributor: Galea & Galea inflammation19. Arnica (Sella) Others: Prolonged use on damaged Gel; Arnica montana 10%. skin e.g. on injuries or crural Local Distributor: Premier HealthCare ulcer, relatively frequently causes oedematous dermatitis with ArnicareTM (Nelsons) blistering; eczema may also arise Cream, gel; Arnica montana. with prolonged use; primary toxic Local Distributor: Serolf Trading Agency skin reactions with blistering or even Atrogel (A.Vogel) necrosis with dosage forms of higher Gel; 1g contains 500mg arnica extract, 8, 19 concentrations . equiv. to 160mg fresh arnica flowers. Local Distributor: Health Plus Drug interactions: Potential ® interaction with aspirin14. Flodol (Alta Care) see Meadowsweet Herbal Cream (HealthAid) Dose: Cream; Sweet almond oil, neem oil, tea Infusion for compresses: 2g of arnica tree, arnica, rosemary oil, peppermint oil, flower to 100ml of water. aloe vera, vitamin E. Tincture 1:10 in 70% ethanol: for Local Distributor: Galea & Galea compression, tincture diluted 3- to 10-fold with water; for mouthwashes, Organic Aloe Vera Gel Infused with Cucumber, Witch Hazel and Calendula tincture diluted 10-fold with water; (dr.organic®) see Aloe Vera in ointments or gels, 10-25% of tincture19. Organic Aloe Vera Gel Infused with Organic Tea Tree Oil and Arnica (dr. Arnica (Bios Line) organic®) see Aloe Vera Ointment; Sweet almond oil 3%, arnica glycerin maceration 4%, centella glycerin Organic Pomegranate (dr.organic®) see maceration 2%, witch hazel hydrolat 5%. Pomegranate Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Organic Tea Tree (dr.organic®) see Tea Arnica (HealthAid) tree Cream; Sweet almond oil, arnica, lavender

~ 9 ~ artichoke

ARTICHOKE Altadrine® Day Burner (Alta Care) see Cynara scolymus L. Grapeseed

® Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Altaflora Gastrogel (Alta Care) see Aloe Vera Medicinal Parts: Leaves. Altaflora® Transit (Alta Care) see Indications: Rhubarb Major: Loss of appetite, dyspepsia, liver and gallbladder complaints8, 28, Artichoke (Arkopharma) 31, 32, 45. Capsules; Artichoke 200mg. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Minor: Irritable bowel syndrome, prophylactic treatment against Artichoke (HealthAid) the recurrence of gall stones, Tablets; 190mg artichoke powder, 204mg hypercholesterolaemia5, 9, 28, 29, 30, 31. artichoke extract standardised for min. Others: Alcohol-induced hangovers5, 2.5% cynarin (equiv. to 8160mg raw artichoke powder). 31. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Cautions: Pregnancy, lactation, ColestroforteTM (HealthAid) see known allergies to other composites Fenugreek (including chrysanthemes, arnica Cynara (A.Vogel) pyrethrum)5, 9, 28, 31. Liquid; Tincture of organically grown fresh globe artichoke leaves, extracted in Contraindications: Bile duct alcohol (66% v/v). obstruction, gallstones5, 8, 9, 28, 31. Local Distributor: Health Plus

Side-effects: Flatulence, weakness, Detoxil (Vitabiotics) hunger, contact dermatitis5, 31. Tablets; Artichoke conc. extract 25mg, grapefruit conc. extract 25mg, dandelion root extract 25mg, vitamin A 200mcg, Drug interactions: No known vitamin D 2.5mcg, vitamin E 15mg, or reported drug or supplement vitamin C 60mg, thiamin 6mg, riboflavin interactions with artichoke leaf 2.5mg, niacin 13.5mg, vitamin B6 5mg, extract31. folacin 200mcg, vitamin B12 10mcg, biotin 15mcg, pantothenic acid 25mg, iron Dose: Average daily dose is 6gm of 2.5mg, magnesium 25mg, zinc 7.5mg, drug in divided doses; single dose is manganese 2mg, copper 0.5mg, iodine 28, 31 100mcg, selenium 60mcg, betacarotene 500mg of dry extract . 1mg, N-acetyl cysteine 15mg, methionine 20mg, phosphatidylcholine 5mg. 2-Day DetoxPlan (HealthAid) see Milk Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Thistle Ibisene® (Lamberts) 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Ultimate (Arkopharma) Tablets; Artichoke extract 8000mg see Fenugreek providing cynarin 16mg.

~ 10 ~ astragalus

Local Distributor: Health Plus Milk Thistle Complex (HealthAid) see Milk Thistle Livercare® (HealthAid) see Milk Thistle Milk Thistle Plus (FSC) see Milk Thistle Milk Thistle & Artichoke (Higher Nature) see Milk Thistle

ASTRAGALUS see Tragacanth

BAMBOO Arundinaria japonica

Family: Poaceae evidence to safely recommend the use Medicinal Parts: Young shoots. of bamboo.

Indications: Asthma, arthritis, Bamboo Gum (Arkopharma) coughs28. Capsules; Bamboo dry extract 314mg. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Contraindications: None known. Organic Pomegranate (dr.organic®) see Pomegranate Side-effects: No health hazards are known in conjunction with the proper Organic Tea Tree (dr.organic®) see Tea administration of designed therapeutic tree dosages. Silica 250mg (HealthAid) Capsules; Bamboo extract 357mg whichh Drug interactions: None known. provides silica 250mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Dose: There is not enough scientific

BAOBAB Adansonia digitata

Family: Bombacaceae urinary disorders28. Medicinal Parts: Roots, fruit, leaves. Major: Malaria, ulcer, skin problems, anaemia28. Indications: Principal: Fever, mild diarrhoea, Cautions: The plant contains tartaric

~ 11 ~ barberry acid which is mildly irritating in high Reintegra MgKB Balance (Erba Vita) concentrations28. Sachets; Baobab fruit pulp 325mg, magnesium 375mg, potassium 300mg, vitamin B3 27mg, vitamin B6 3mg, Side-effects: None known. vitamin B2 2.4mg, vitamin B1 2.1mg, vitamin B9 200mcg, vitamin B12 2.5mcg. Drug interactions: No human drug Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. information is available.

BARBERRY Berberis vulgaris

Family: Berberidaceae Contraindications: Pregnancy14, 28, Medicinal Parts: Fruit, root, bark. use of NSAIDs28.

Indications: Side-effects: None at normal doses14, Principal: Liver malfunction, kidney 19, 28. Lethargy, nosebleeds, dyspnoea, stones, gall bladder disease, urinary nephritis, GI discomfort, hypotension, tract disorders, diarrhoea, indigestion8, flu-like symptoms, cardiac damage 19, 28. occurs in excessive doses14, 28. Major: Jaundice, splenopathy, renal disease8, 28. Drug interactions: NSAIDs, Minor: Gout, rheumatism, arthritis, antithrombotic and antirheumatic lumbago, malaria, leishmaniasis14, 19, therapy14. 28. Others: Dry skin disease, opium or Dose: Dried stem or root bark: 1.5-3 morphine withdrawal19, 28. gm; liquid extract: 3-6ml; tincture: 7-14ml19. Cautions: To avoid polyherbal remedies containing goldenseal Aquaflow® (HealthAid) see Dandelion and oregon grape due to a high total content of berberine, patients Slim-Rite (HealthAid) see Alfalfa receiving antithrombotic or Livercare® (HealthAid) see Milk Thistle antirheumatic therapy14. Milk Thistle Complex (HealthAid) see Milk Thistle

~ 12 ~ barley

BARLEY Hordeum distichon

Family: Graminaceae Dose: Boil 1 part barley in 9 parts Medicinal Parts: Polished grain water for 20 minutes and strain; a without the husk. dose is from 1 to 4 oz28.

Indications: Convalescents, 4.3.2.1 Performance Detox (Arkopharma) diarrhoea, gastritis, inflammatory see Green Tea bowel conditions28. 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Day & Night Contraindications: Pregnancy28. (Arkopharma) see Green Tea

® Side-effects: No health hazards Bambu (A.Vogel) see Chicory are known in conjunction with the Venalta® (Alta Care) see Grapeseed proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages. Venalta® Ampoules (Alta Care) see Grapeseed Drug interactions: None known.

BEAN POD see Kidney Bean

BEARBERRY see Uva Ursi

BETONY see Wood Betony

BILBERRY Vaccinium myrtillus

Family: Ericaceae Principal: Prevention of cataract worsening, impaired night Medicinal Parts: Dried leaves, dried 33 ripe fruit or fresh fruit. vision, macular degeneration , haemorrhoids5, 8, 14, 28, 36. Indications: Major: Non-specific acute diarrhoea, Fruit inflammation of the mouth and

~ 13 ~ bilberry pharynx, vomiting, bleeding5, 14, 28. the recommended dose is 60-160mg Minor: Poorly healing skin ulcers, three times daily28. wound healing, diabetes, bleeding gums, nose bleeds, peptic ulcers, Active Mature 50+ (Vega) see Aloe Vera spider veins5, 28. Others: Dysmenorrhea, diabetic Active Women’s Multivitamins & Minerals (Vega) see Siberian Ginseng retinopathy, coronary artery 34 relaxation , chronic fatigue Antioxidant Selenium-ACE Formula syndrome35. (Vega) Capsules; Bilberry standardised extract Leaves 120mg (min. 20% anthocyanadins), Principal: Prevention & treatment of green tea standardised extract 50mg (min. 5, 8, 28, 37 40% polyphenols), grape standardised diabetes mellitus . extract 20mg (min. 95% polyphenols), Major: Complaints of the GI tract, vitamin C 150mg, vitamin E 200mg, kidneys and urinary tract, arthritis, vitamin A 400mcg, selenium 100mcg, poor circulation, functional heart Vega Phytoantioxidant BaseTM providing problems5, 8, 28. antioxidants and prebiotics: apple and Minor: Gout, dermatitis, mixed wild berries concentrate 8:1, equiv. to herb 160mg, prebiotic acacia gum haemorrhoids, inflammation of the 28 38 80mg. oral mucosa , eye inflammation , Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. burns28, anti-carcinogenic properties: repair and protect genomic DNA Bilberry (A.Vogel) integrity, reduce age-associated Liquid; Tincture of fresh bilberry leaves oxidative stress, improve neuronal and stems, extracted in alcohol (66% v/v). Local Distributor: Health Plus and cognitive brain function39. Bilberry (HealthAid) Cautions: Not to be used in high Liquid; Bilberry extract 1:3 (equiv. of doses or on prolonged use as chronic 330mg of bilberry herb in 1ml). intoxication may arise14. Tablets; Bilberry powder 210mg, bilberry extract 65mg (standardised to 25% Side-effects: GI disorders including anthocyanidine). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea nausea5, 8, 14, 28. Bilberry Extract (Power Herbs) Drug interactions: Increased risk of Tablets; Bilberry extract (100:1) 25mg bleeding or bruising with high doses equiv. to fresh bilberries 2500mg. in patients taking oral anticoagulants Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. or platelet-inhibiting drugs14. Brain Fuel Formula (Vega) see Ginkgo

Dose: For commercially available Cardiohealth Formula (Vega) see Garlic tablets and capsules that are standardised to 36% anthocyanosides, Cellulite Formula (Vega) see Ginkgo

~ 14 ~ bilberry

Eyewise® (Lamberts) see Grapeseed Visionace (Vitabiotics) Capsules; Vitamin A 300mcg, vitamin Grapeseed Antioxidant Formula (FSC) D 2.5mcg, vitamin E 60mg, vitamin C see Grapeseed 150mg, thiamin 7.5mg, riboflavin 5mg, niacin 9mg, vitamin B6 4.5mg, folacin Hematinic Blood Co-Factors (Vega) see 250mcg, vitamin B12 4.5mcg, pantothenic Ginkgo acid 10mg, vitamin K 45mcg, iron 3mg, magnesium 50mg, zinc 7.5mg, iodine Immune + (Higher Nature) see Elder 100mcg, copper 1mg, manganese 2mg, selenium 100mcg, chromium 50mcg, Maxijoint Formula (Vega) natural mixed carotenoids 3mg, citrus Capsules; Bilberry standardised fruit bioflavonoids 15mg, bilberry extract extract 4:1 equiv. to herb 30mg 60mg. (min. 20% anthocyanadins), green Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. tea standardised leaf extract 30mg (min. 40% polyphenols), pine Visionace Plus (Vitabiotics) standardised bark extract 2mg (min. Tablets and capsules. 70% proanthocyanadins), MSM 250mg, Tablets; Vitamin A 300mcg, vitamin vitamin C 60mg, citrus bioflavonoids D 2.5mcg, vitamin E 60mg, vitamin C 30mg, niacin 18mg, vitamin E 10mg, 150mg, thiamin 12mg, riboflavin 4.8mg, zinc 7.5mg, pantothenic acid 6mg, beta niacin 18mg, vitamin B6 10mg, folacin carotene 2.4mg, alpha lipoic acid 2mg, 400mcg, vitamin B12 9mcg, pantothenic vitamin B6 2mg, vitamin B2 1.6mg, acid 20mg, iron 6mg, magnesium 50mg, vitamin B1 1.4mg, vitamin B12 1mcg, zinc 15mg, iodine 100mcg, copper 1mg, manganese 0.25mg, folate 200mcg, manganese 4mg, selenium 150mcg, selenium 100mcg, copper 50mcg. chromium 50mcg, natural mixed Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons carotenoids 3mg, citrus bioflavonoids Ltd. 5mg, bilberry extract 60mg, lutein esters 4mg. Multi Antioxidant Complex (Vega) see Capsules; Omega-3 fish oil 600mg Ginkgo (providing DHA 300mg, EPA 60mg), lutein esters 8mg. Multibionta® Probiotic Multivitamin 50+ Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. (Seven Seas) see Ginseng Korean VisualEyes (Higher Nature) Multigluco Tolerance Factor (Vega) see Capsules; Vitamin A 250mcg, vitamin Ginkgo C 30mg, vitamin E 5mg, lutein complex 30mg, zeaxanthin complex 30mg, Opticare Formula 20:20 (Vega) see bilberry standardised extract 18mg Ginkgo (25% anthocyanidins), vitamin B2 2mg, selenium 75mcg, zinc 3mg, tomato Super Antioxidant (Higher Nature) see powder. Chicory Local Distributor: Health Plus

TotallyWise (Vega) see Green Tea Vitalize Regenerative Formula (Vega) see Siberian Ginseng Vein Support Formula (Vega) see Ginkgo V-VeinTM (HealthAid) see Horse Chestnut

~ 15 ~ birch leaf

BIRCH LEAF Betulae folium

Family: Betulaceae Contraindications: Oedema in Medicinal Parts: Bark, leaves & cardiac or renal insufficiency8, 19. buds. Side-effects: None known in Indications: conjunction with the proper Internal administration of designated Principal: To promote diuresis in the therapeutic doses8, 19, 28. treatment of ailments which require it including irrigation in bacterial and Drug interactions: None known8, 19, inflammatory disorders of the urinary 28. tract and for kidney gravel8, 19, 28. Major: In adjunct therapy for Dose: 2-3g of dried leaf several times rheumatic ailments and in gout8, 19, 28. daily in infusion or as an equivalent External aqueous or hydroethanolic extract8, 19. Hair loss, dandruff 28. HaemoVit Liquid GoldTM (HealthAid) see Cautions: Ensure copious fluid Sarsaparilla 8 intake . Slim-Rite (HealthAid) see Alfalfa

BISSY NUT see Kola Nut

BITTER MELON see Karela

BITTER ORANGE Citrus aurantium

Family: Rutaceae including dyspepsia & vomiting, loss Medicinal Parts: Fresh & dried of appetite5, 8, 28, 40. fruit peel, flowers, seeds, extracted Major: As a sedative41 for nervous essential oil. tension & insomnia, gout, sore throat, anorexia5, 8, 19, 28. Indications: Minor: Obesity42. Principal: Gastric complaints Others: Chronic bronchitis28.

~ 16 ~ black cohosh

Cautions: Pregnancy5, hypertension43, and P-glycoprotein5, 28, 40. This skin sensitization and phototoxicity results in increased absorption of are possible with the essential oils dextromethorphan and felodipine‡ 40. and thus, exposure to UV light sources should be avoided for at least Dose: Daily dose: drug: 4-6g; extract: 12 hours after dermal application5, 1-2g; tea: 1 cup half-hour before 28, 44. Sensitization can result in meals; tincture: 2-3g 28. erythema, swelling, blisters, pustules, dermatoses leading to scab formation Altadrine® Fat Burner (Alta Care) and pigment spots28. Tablets; Bitter orange 200mg, maltodextrin 175.75mg, guarana extract 100mg, micro-crystalline cellulose 80mg, Contraindications: Do not apply lactoserum protein 50mg, magnesium essential oils to eyes or undiluted to oxide 50mg, vitamin C 40mg, tri calcium mucous membranes5. phosphate 40mg. Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. Side-effects: Abdominal pain, nausea, ® vomiting, diarrhoea, dizziness, skin Altadrine Lipodrainer (Alta Care) see Nettle sensitization, photosensitization, 5 cardiotoxicity . Controller (Alta Care) see Lemon Balm

Drug interactions: Bitter Controller® Natural Sleep (Alta Care) see orange juice inhibits CYP3A Linden

BLACK COHOSH Cimicifuga racemosa

Family: Ranunculaceae cycle and urogenital symptoms Medicinal Parts: Fresh and dried (vaginal dryness & itching)5, 28, 45, 46, root. 47, 48. Major: Premenstrual complaints, Indications: dysmenorrhoea, uterine spasm5, 45. Principal: Menopausal disorders Minor: Muscular rheumatism, including neurovegatative rheumatoid arthritis, mild depression, symptoms (hot flushes, fits of tinnitus, sore throat, bronchitis28, 45. perspiration, night sweats, sleep disorders), psychological symptoms (nervousness, mood swings, ‡ Interactions may occur with the fruit and fruit depressed mood, physical and mental products. There are no known interactions fatigue), disturbances of the menstrual between the essential oils and conventional medicines5.

~ 17 ~ black elderberry

Cautions: Cimicifuga racemosa black cohosh extract 250mg (standardised should not be substituted for HRT with for min 2.5% triterpene glycosides). oestrogen - no studies to date show Local Distributor: Galea & Galea cardioprotective effects or protective 5, 28 Black Cohosh 1000mg (Lamberts) effects against osteoporosis , liver Tablets; Black cohosh 1000mg (provided disease5. by 250mg of a 4:1 extract). Local Distributor: Health Plus Contraindications: Pregnancy, breastfeeding5, 28, 45. Black Cohosh Herbal Complex (Vega) Capsules; Black cohosh standardised root extract 300mg (min. 2.5% triterpene Side-effects: glycosides); Vega Phytoantioxidant Major: GI disturbances BaseTM providing antioxidants and (gastroenteritis, nausea, vomiting), prebiotics: apple and mixed wild berries mild rashes5, 28. concentrate 8:1, equiv. to herb 320mg, Minor: Dizziness, headache, tremors, prebiotic acacia gum 160mg. giddiness, muscle damage5, 28, liver Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. damage49. Others: Headache, nausea, vomiting, Herbal Female Complex (Solgar) vertigo, visual disturbances & Vegicaps; Black cohosh root powdered hypotension in case of overdosage5, 28. extract (4:1) 100mg, soy bean germ powder (providing 2mg [2%] isoflavones) Drug interactions: 100mg, motherwort aerials powdered extract (5:1) 75mg, standardized agnus Immunosuppressants: azathioprine & castus powdered extract (providing cyclosporine; antihypertensives; iron- 0.38mg [0.5%] agnuside) 75mg, containing products28, 50; tamoxifen50. standardized dong quai root powdered extract (providing 0.75mg [1%] Dose: Alcoholic-aqueous extract ligustilide) 75mg, raw astragalus root corresponding to 40mg drug daily. powder 75mg, standardized milk thistle extract (total flavonoids including The herb is not recommended for silymarin 40mg [80%]) 50mg, raw dong treatment longer than 6 months unless quai root powder 50mg, PhytO2X ä 28 advised by a physician . (powdered blend of beta-carotene prep. and ascorbic acid). Black Cohosh (HealthAid) Local Distributor: Natural Remedies Liquid; Black cohosh extract 1:3 (equiv. of 330mg of black cohosh herb in 1ml). Menovital® (HealthAid) see Dong Quai Tablets; Black cohosh powder 55mg,

BLACK ELDERBERRY see Elder

~ 18 ~ bladderwrack

BLADDERWRACK Fucus vesiculosus

Family: Fucaceae failure, acne, allergic reactions28. Medicinal Parts: Dried and fresh thallus. Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, antiplatelets, thrombolytic agents, Indications: low molecular weight heparins, Principal: Obesity associated hypoglycemic agents28. with iodine deficiency and hypothyroidism8, 28, 45. Dose: Daily dose: dried thallus, 0.8-2 Major: Lymphadenoid goiter, gm; liquid extract (1:1, 25% ethanol), arteriosclerosis8, 28, 45. 1-2 ml; tincture (1:5, 25% ethanol), Minor: Digestive disorders, sprains8, 4-10ml45. 28, rheumatism45. Altadrine® Day Burner (Alta Care) see Cautions: Long-term use of Grapeseed bladderwrack is not recommended; Altadrine® Night Burner (Alta Care) see avoid using iodine supplements while Green Tea taking bladderwrack28. Aquaflow® (HealthAid) see Dandelion Contraindications: Hyperthyroidism, ® cardiac problems, pregnancy, Silvia Women Formula (Alta Care) see lactation28, 45. Guarana Slim-Rite (HealthAid) see Alfalfa Side-effects: Exacerbation or induction of hyperthyroidism, renal

BLESSED THISTLE Cnicus benedictus

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae externally for wounds and ulcers28. Medicinal Parts: Dried leaves, upper stems. Cautions: Drug exhibits a strong potential for sensitization due to Indications: cross-reactions with other members Principal: Dyspepsia, loss of appetite, of the Compositae family particularly flatulence8, 9, 28. mugwort and cornflower9, 28. Minor: Anorexia, fever & colds,

~ 19 ~ boldo

Contraindications: Pregnancy9, 28. Hip & Thigh Formula (HealthAid) see White Willow

Side-effects: Rarely allergic ® 28 Vegilax (HealthAid) reactions . Tablets; 25mg blessed thistle extract (3:1), 25mg cascara sagrada extract (3:1), 25mg Drug interactions: None noted. licorice root extract (3:1), 25mg fennel seed extract (3:1), 16.7mg buckthorn bark Dose: Dried extract: 4-6 gm of drug; extract (3:1), 16.7mg prune extract (3:1), Aromatic bitter: 1 cup ½ hour before 16.7mg uva ursi extract (3:1), 16.7mg yellow dock extract (3:1), 12mg senna meals; Tea: 1 cup three times daily28. leave extract (3:1), 12mg rhubarb root

TM extract (3:1), 10mg parsley leaf extract Cellusite (HealthAid) see White Willow (3:1). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

BOLDO Peumus boldo

Family: Monimiaceae pregnancy8, 9, 19, 28, existing kidney Medicinal Parts: Leaves. disorders9.

Indications: Side-effects: None known in Principal: Minor hepatobiliary conjunction with the proper dysfunction9, 19, 28, 36. administration of designated Major: Mild spasmodic disorders therapeutic doses. of the GI tract especially functional disorders of the bile duct, gall stones, Drug interactions: None known. liver or gall bladder pains, dyspeptic complaints8, 9, 19, 28, 36. Dose: Three times daily: dried leaf, Minor: Urinary tract inflammation 60-200mg, or as an infusion19. including cystitis, rheumatism19, 36. Boldo Multi-Herbal Complex (Healthlife) Cautions: Elderly patients with fatty Tablets; Boldo extract 13mg equiv. to herb liver51, use of boldo leaf in gall stones 65mg, sea kelp extract 11.5mg equiv. to 8, 9, 19, herb 46mg, dandelion root extract 6.25mg only after consulting a physician equiv. to herb 25mg, uva-ursi extract 28 52 , use of warfarin and related drugs . 8.25mg equiv. to herb 33mg, cleavers extract 6.25mg equiv. to herb 25mg. Contraindications: Bile duct Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. obstruction, severe liver disorders, Sollievo (Aboca) see Senna

~ 20 ~ boneset

BONESET Eupatorium perfoliatum

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Contraindications: Pregnancy, Medicinal parts: The herb after lactation9. flowering. Side-effects: Sensitization after skin Indications: contact with the plant, outbreaks of Principal: Influenza9, 14, 28, 53. sweat, diarrhoea28, nausea14. Major: Acute bronchitis9, 53. Minor: Nasopharyngeal catarrh, Drug interactions: None noted. febrile diseases9, 28, 53. Dose: Herb: 1-2 gm or by infusion Cautions: Hypersensitivity to other three times daily; Liquid extract: members of the Asteraceae family9, 1-2ml three times daily; Tincture: 14, 28. 1-4ml three times daily9.

BORAGE see Starflower

BOSWELLIA Boswellia serrata

Family: Burseraceae Cautions: Pre-existing gastritis28. Medicinal Parts: Resin gum exuded when incisions are made in the bark Contraindications: None noted. of the trunk. Side-effects: Retrosternal burning, Indications: nausea, abdominal fullness, epigastric Principal: Inflammatory bowel pain, anorexia, dermatitis28, skin disease (ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s rash14. disease)54, 55, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis14, 28, 56 . Drug interactions: Possibly, food Major: Collagenous colitis (a cause of may increase bioavailability of chronic diarrhoea)28, 56, 57, asthma28, 58. boswellic acids; drugs that inhibit Minor: Dysentery, pulmonary disease, P-glycoproteins and/or cytochrome ringworm14. P450 isoenzymes but data is sparse56.

~ 21 ~ brahmi

Dose: For arthritis: 400mg 3 times Boswellia (HealthAid) daily; for asthma: 300mg 3 times Capsules; Boswellia 400mg (standardised daily. to contain 65% boswellic acids), boswellia resin powder 120mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

BRAHMI Bacopa monnieri

Family: Scrophulariaceae Dose: Dried aerial parts of herb: Medicinal Parts: Aerial parts mainly 5-10 g/day; Fluid extract (1:2) or the leaves and stems. equivalent oral dose form: 5-13 ml/ day in divided doses. Cognitive Indications: activator effects: 300mg/day§ 5. Principal: Improve cognitive function – learning, memory, intelligence; Brainvit® (HealthAid) neuroprotection against Alzheimer’s Tablets; 150mg brahmi extract (20:1) disease59; anxiety5, 60, 61, 62. (equivalent to 3000mg powder), 60mg 61 ginkgo biloba extract (50:1) (equivalent Major: Gastric ulcers , bronchitis to 3000mg powder) (standardised to & asthma, epilepsy at high doses, min 24% gingkoflavonglycosides & 6% diarrhoea-predominant form of triterpene lactones), 30mg gotu kola irritable bowel syndrome5, 60. extract (4:1) (equivalent to 120mg of Minor: Hypothyroidism, gotu kola powder), 67mg vitamin E, cardiovascular disease5, 60. 60mg vitamin C, 50mg L-tyrosine, 50mg L-phenylalanine, 50mg L-methionine, 50mg L-arginine, 50mg alpha lipoic acid, 5 Cautions: Hyperthyroidism . 34mg natural mixed carotenoids, 25mg phosphatidyl choline, 25mg phosphatidyl Side-effects: None known with the serine, 20mg Co-Q10, 20mg acetyl-L- therapeutic doses. carnitine, 20mg L-glutathione, 20mg L-glutamine, 18mg niacin, 15mg thiamin, 14mg zinc, 14mg iron, 12mg pantothenic Drug interactions: Cholinergic 5 acid, 3.2mg riboflavin, 400mcg folic acid, drugs including perphenazine, 200mcg selenium, 50mcg vitamin B12. 63 prochlorperazine, thioridazine . Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

§ 3 months’ use is required before clinical effects are observed5.

~ 22 ~ buchu

BUCHU Barosmae folium

Family: Rutaceae stomach45; signs of irritation with the Medicinal Parts: Leaves. volatile oil28.

Indications: Drug interactions: Loop diuretics, Principal: Dysuria, cystitis, urethritis, spironolactone, thiazide diuretics, prostatitis9, 28, 45. triamterene63. Major: Inflammation and infection of the kidneys and urinary tract8, 14, 28, 45, Dose: 1-2 gm daily. Fluid extracts of 64, bladder disorders including stones 0.3-1.2 ml are taken 3 times daily. and inflammation14, 28, 45. Dosage for the tincture is 2-4 ml up Minor: Gout, rheumatism14, 28. to 3 times daily. Infusion usage is Others: Stomach ache14, 64. typically 1 gm per cup28, 45.

Cautions: Patients taking lithium64. Aquaflow® (HealthAid) see Dandelion

TM Contraindications: Pregnancy28, 45. Cellusite (HealthAid) see White Willow Cysticare® (HealthAid) see Cranberry Side-effects: Occassional GI intolerance - avoid taking on an empty Hip & Thigh Formula (HealthAid) see White Willow

BUCKTHORN Rhamnus catharticus

Family: Rhamnaceae Cautions: Pregnancy, lactation. Not Medicinal Parts: Whole, ripe, dried suitable for long term use28. fruit; fresh ripe fruit. Contraindications: Intestinal Indications: obstruction, acute inflammatory Principal: Constipation, bowel intestinal diseases, appendicitis, movement relief in cases of anal abdominal pain of unknown origin, fissures & haemorrhoids28. children under 12 years of age28. Major: After recto-anal surgery, in preparation for diagnostic intervention Side-effects: in the GI tract, to achieve softer Major: Spasmodic GI complaints28. stools28. On long term use: Potassium Others: Poor digestion28. deficiency, nephropathy, oedema,

~ 23 ~ buckwheat accelerated bone deterioration28. cup mornings and evenings. Administration should be limited to a Drug interactions: Thiazide few days28. diuretics, oral corticosteroids63, licorice root. Effect of cardiac Erbalax® Delicato Capsule (Erba Vita) glycosides & heartbeat-regulating see Rhubarb drugs is altered in chronic use/ Linoforce® (A.Vogel) see Flaxseed overuse28. Slim-Rite (HealthAid) see Alfalfa Dose: 2-5 gm drug corresponding to 20-30 mg hydroxyanthracene Vegilax® (HealthAid) see Blessed Thistle derivative per day; Tea: 1

BUCKWHEAT Fagopyrum esculentum

Family: Polygonaceae 50 Plus Once A Day (Quest) Medicinal Parts: Fresh aerial parts, Tablets; Vitamin A 375mcg, beta carotene leaves and flowers collected during 3mg, alpha carotene 45mcg, cryptoxanthin 10.6mcg, zeaxanthin 10.6mcg, lutein the flowering season and later dried. 6.8mcg, vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin E 17mg, thiamine 19.5mg, riboflavin 25mg, Indications: niacin 25mg, vitamin B6 5mg, folacin Principal: Chronic venous 100mcg, vitamin B12 25mcg, biotin insufficiency, hypertension, 29mcg, pantothenic acid 25mg, vitamin C prophylaxis to prevent general 75mg, calcium 77mg, phosphorus 43.9mg, 28 iron 7.5mg, magnesium 30mg, zinc 5mg, hardening of the arteries . copper 500mcg, manganese 500mcg, Major: Type-2 diabetes, venous stasis, iodine 50mcg, selenium 16mcg, chromium varicose veins28. 12.5mcg, molybdenum 12.5mcg, vanadium 12.5mcg, choline bitartrate Cautions/contraindications: None 25mg, inositol 25mg, methionine 25mg, known. PABA 25mg, bioflavonoids 14.3mg, lysine HCl 11mg, lecithin 15mg, papain 1mg, rutin 1mg, betaine HCl 6mg, hesperidin Side-effects: None known. 5mg, cysteine 0.3mg. Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. Drug interactions: None known. Altadrine® Day Burner (Alta Care) see Dose: 5 drops, 1 tablet or 10 globules Grapeseed every 30 to 60 minutes (acute) or 1 to ® 28 Day-vit Probio (HealthAid) 3 times daily (chronic) . Tablets; Rutin 8mg, papain 6mg,

~ 24 ~ buckwheat bromelain 5mg, apple pectin 5mg, other carotenoids 12mcg, iodine 150mcg, hesperidin complex 20mg, silica 3mg, zinc 10mg, citrus bioflavonoid complex CoQ10 5mg, lutein 2mg, vitamin A powder 25mg, betaine hydrochloride 800mcg, vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin 25mg, rutin powder 25mg, boron 0.5mg, E 10mg, vitamin C 60mg, thiamin copper 1000mcg, vitamin D 10mcg, 1.4mg, riboflavin 1.6mg, niacin 18mg, vitamin B12 75mcg, biotin 75mcg, iron vitamin B6 2mg, folic acid 200mcg, 1.3mg, selenium 25mcg, hesperidin 5mg, vitamin B12 1mcg, biotin 150mcg, folic acid 400mcg, powdered herbal base pantothenic acid 6mg, vitamin K 30mcg, 4mg (alfalfa, acerola extract, kelp, parsley, calcium 100mg, phosphorus 50mg, watercress, rose hip), chromium 25mcg. iron 14mg, magnesium 50mg, zinc Local Distributor: Natural Remedies 15mg, iodine 150mcg, copper 1000mcg, manganese 2mg, potassium 5mg, selenium Hawthorn Compound (Power Herbs) 100mcg, chromium 40mcg, molybdenum Tablets; Green buckwheat powder 80mg, 50mcg, chloride 5mg, choline bitartrate garlic powder extract (2.5:1) 60mg, 50mg, inositol 100mg, probiotic cultures hawthorn powder extract (5:1) 8mg, citrus (Acidophilus, Bifidobacterium, Bifidus, bioflavonoids 6.3mg. Lactobacillus Rhamonosus) 2 billion. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Healthy Mega (HealthAid) Ester-C® 1000mg Plus Vitamin C Prolonged release tablets; Rutin 25mg, (Solgar) see Acerola alfalfa powder 10mg, guar gum 10mg, kelp powder 10mg, golden seal root Ester-C Formula (Vega) see Rose Hip powder 7mg, papain 6mg, horse grass powder 5mg, apple pectin 5mg, bromelain Fema45+ (Lamberts) 5mg, betain hydrochloride 30mg, vitamin Tablets; Rutin 10mg, vitamin A 30mcg, A 375mcg, vitamin D 11mcg, vitamin vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin E 50mg, vitamin E 90.6mg, vitamin C 300mg, thiamine C 60mg, thiamine 2mg, riboflavin 2mg, 85mg, riboflavin 100mg, niacin 18mg, niacin 9mg, vitamin B6 4mg, folic acid vitamin B6 60mg, folic acid 400mcg, 200mcg, vitamin B12 50mcg, biotin vitamin B12 110mcg, biotin 0.2mg, 0.075mg, pantothenic acid 6mg, vitamin pantothenic acid 51mg, vitamin K 12mcg, K 0.025mg, calcium 100mg, iron 3.75 calcium 139mg, iron 10mg, magnesium mg, magnesium 75mg, zinc 7.5mg, iodine 40mg, zinc 8mg, iodine 235mg, boron 75mcg, manganese 2mg, copper 0.6mg, 100mcg, choline 41mg, chromium selenium 100mcg, chromium 50mcg, sulphate 200mcg, copper 400mcg, inositol choline bitartrate 2.5mg, inositol 2.5mg, 100mg, manganese 2mg, molybdenum querceptin 12.5mg, PABA 2.5mg, boron 10mcg, para amino benzoic acid 50mg, 1mg. potassium 27mg, selenium 15mcg, Local Distributor: Health Plus glutamic acid 25mg, lecithin 10mg, citrus bioflavonoids 50mg, hesperidin 10mg, Formula VM-75 (Solgar) silica 2mg, di-calcium phosphate 133mg, Tablets; Vitamin C 250mg, calcium 64mg, acacia 20mg, vegetable stearic acid 36mg, vitamin E 100mg, thiamin 75mg, vitamin vegetable magnesium stearate 8mg. B6 75mg, pantothenic acid 75mg, vitamin Local Distributor: Galea & Galea B2 92mg, niacin 75mg, inositol 75mg, choline 31mg, magnesium 32mg, natural Horse Chestnut Complex (Lamberts) see source betacarotene 4.5mg providing Horse Chestnut

~ 25 ~ buckwheat

MegaMultiTM (HealthAid) see Ginseng 570mg (provides natural source rutin Korean 30mg). Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Omega-H3 (Vitabiotics) Capsules; PABA 30mg, vitamin B1 Vein Support Formula (Vega) see Ginkgo 15mg, vitamin B2 3mg, nicotinamide 25mg, calcium pantothenate 3mg, Venalta® Ampoules (Alta Care) see vitamin B6 5mg, vitamin B12 10mcg, Grapeseed biotin 5mcg, folic acid 100mcg, vitamin C 60mg, vitamin A 2000IU, vitamin Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 1000mg High D 200IU, vitamin E 10mg, iron 12mg, Strength (Vega) lecithin 40mg, wheat germ oil 100mg, Tablets; Vitamin C (as ascorbic acid) lysine 40mg, methionine 60mg, rutin 1000mg, citrus bioflavonoids 100mg, 10mg, calcium 52mg, phosphorus 40mg, hesperidin 25mg, rose hip powder 25mg, potassium 2mg, zinc 8mg, copper 1mg, rutin bean extract 25mg. manganese 2mg, iodine 50mcg, Siberian Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons ginseng 5:1 conc. extract 4mg. Ltd. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

® Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 1500mg Super Pregnazon (HealthAid) Strength (Vega) Tablets; Rutin 10mg, vitamin D 5mg, Tablets; Vitamin C (as ascorbic acid) vitamin C 75mg, riboflavin 3mg, vitamin 1500mg, citrus bioflavonoids 50mg, B6 10mg, vitamin B12 6mg, pantothenic hesperidin 15mg, rose hip powder 15mg, acid 6mg, calcium 100mg, magnesium rutin bean extract 15mg. 100mg, iodine 150mg, selenium 35mg, Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons choline 10mg, vitamin E 25mg, thiamine Ltd. 4mg, niacin 20mg, folic acid 400mg, biotin 150mg, vitamin K 75mg, iron Vitamin C (Calcium Ascorbate) (Vega) 20mg, zinc 15mg, copper 1000mg, Capsules (500mg); Vitamin C (as calcium chromium 5mg, inositol 25mg. ascorbate) 500mg, citrus bioflavonoids Local Distributor: Galea & Galea 50mg, hesperidin 25mg, rutin bean extract 20mg. Rutin and Vitamin C 500mg (Lamberts) Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Tablets; Rutin 50mg, vitamin C 500mg, Ltd. citrus bioflavonoid complex 100mg, hesperidin 50mg. Wintervits® (HealthAid) see Tragacanth Local Distributor: Health Plus Zinc-C Formula (Vega) see Green Tea Rutivite Original (Power Health) Tablets; Finest dried green buckwheat

~ 26 ~ burdock

BURDOCK Arctium lappa

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae combined due to the alcohol content28. Medicinal Parts: Ripe seed, fresh/ dried roots. Dose: Dried root 2-6 gm by infusion 3 times daily; Liquid extract 2-8 ml 3 Indications: times daily; Tincture 8-12 ml 3 times Principal: Ichthyosis, psoriasis, daily; Decoction 500 ml per day9. seborrhea of the scalp (used externally)28, 65. 2-Day DetoxPlan (HealthAid) see Milk Major: Ailments & complaints Thistle of the GI tract, as a diaphoretic Aquaflow® (HealthAid) see Dandelion and diuretic66; rheumatism; blood 8, 28 purifying . Burdock (HealthAid) Minor: Carbuncles, ulcers, erythema Tablets; 140mg standardised burdock root of the skin, gout, acne, sore throat9, 28. extract and raw powder (Arctium lappa) Others: Cancer66. 4:1 equiv. to 560mg of raw burdock root powder. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Cautions: Excessive doses may interfere with existing hypoglycaemic CellusiteTM (HealthAid) see White Willow therapy9. Flodol® Artro (Alta Care) see Contraindications: Pregnancy9, 28. Meadowsweet Hip & Thigh Formula (HealthAid) see Side-effects 28 : Skin sensitization . White Willow

Drug interactions: Burdock tincture Milk Thislte Plus (FSC) see Milk Thistle or alcohol extract with disulfiram or metronidazole should not be Perfectil (Vitabiotics) see Echinacea

BUTCHER’S BROOM Ruscus aculeatus

Family: Ruscaceae insufficiency67 such as pain & Medicinal Parts: Herb, rhizome. heaviness28, 68. Major: Cramps in legs, itching & Indications: swelling28, 67. Principal: Haemorrhoids, varicose Minor: Orthostatic hypotension69. veins, discomfort of chronic venous

~ 27 ~ calendula

Contraindications: None known. CellusiteTM (HealthAid) see White Willow

Side-effects: Rarely stomach Hip & Thigh Formula (HealthAid) see White Willow complaints, nausea28. Horse Chestnut Complex (Lamberts) see Drug interactions: No interactions Horse Chestnut found68. Organic Aloe Vera (dr.organic®) see Aloe Dose: Raw extract, equivalent to Vera 7-11 mg total ruscogenin (determined Venalta® (Alta Care) see Grapeseed as the sum of neoruscogenin and ruscogenin obtained after Venis® Sollievo (Erba Vita) see Grapeseed fermentation or acid hydrolysis)28. Vitiven® ultra cold (Arkopharma) Butcher’s Broom (HealthAid) Gel; Butcher’s broom, horse chestnut, red Liquid; Butchers broom extract 1:4 (equiv. vine, witch hazel. of 250mg of Butcher’s broom herb in Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. 1ml). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea V-VeinTM (HealthAid) see Horse Chestnut

CALENDULA see Marigold

CALIFORNIA POPPY Eschscholtzia californica

Family: Papaveraceae vegetative-dystonic disorders, Medicinal Parts: Aerial parts vasomotor dysfunction, vegetative- collected during the flowering season endocrine syndrome, constitutional and dried. weakness of the nervous system, vasomotor cephalgia28. Indications: Principal: Insomnia28, 70, 71. Contraindications: Pregnancy28, 70. Major: Aches, nervous agitation, enuresis nocturna in children, Side-effects: None known. bladder & liver diseases, depression, neurasthenia28, 70, 71. Drug interactions: Benzodiazepines, Minor: Neuropathy, mood swings, CNS depressants70. weather sensitivity, organic neuroses,

~ 28 ~ capsicum

Dose: Average single dose for the Californian Poppy (Arkopharma) liquid extract is 1-2 ml28. Capsules; Californian poppy aerial part powder 300mg. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd.

Sedivitax (Aboca) see Passionflower CAPSICUM see Cayenne

CARAWAY Carum carvi

Family: Umbelliferae Side-effects: None known. Medicinal Parts: Fruit; oil obtained from the squashed fruit when ripe. Drug interactions: None known.

Indications: Dose: Average single dose of oil: 2-3 Principal: Dyspeptic complaints such drops on sugar; caraway, 1-5 gm. as flatulence, eructation, bloating and Average daily dose of oil: 3-6 drops; mild spasmodic pains in the GI tract, caraway, 1.5-6 gm28. including flatulent colic of infants19, 26, 72. Finocarbo Plus (Aboca) see Fennel

Others: Loss of appetite, ® dysmenorrhoea, to stimulate flow Flodol Artro (Alta Care) see Meadowsweet of milk in breast-feeding mothers, bronchitis, laryngitis (as a gargle), Gastro-Vit Formula (Vega) see Aloe Vera hyperglycaemia19, 26, 73. Sollievo (Aboca) see Senna Contraindications: None known.

CARDAMOM Elettaria cardamomum

Family: Zingiberaceae dyspeptic complaints8, 19, 74. Medicinal Parts: The oil extracted Major: Morning sickness, vomiting & from the seeds and fruit & seeds diarrhoea, loss of appetite, Roemheld harvested shortly after ripening. syndrome26. Minor: Hypertension, epilepsy74. Indications: Others: Mouth freshener19. Principal: Flatulent dyspepsia,

~ 29 ~ cascara sagrada

Contraindications: Presence of Dose: Average daily dose is 1.5 gm gallstones19, 28. of drug; when using a tincture, the dosage range is 1-2 gm19, 28. Side-effects: Gallstone colic19, 28. Drug interactions: None known. CandawayTM (Lamberts) see Cinnamon

CASCARA SAGRADA Rhamnus purshiana

Family: Rhamnaceae impaction, nausea, vomiting, Medicinal Parts: Dried bark. appendicitis, abdominal pain of unknown origin, pregnancy, breast- Indications: feeding, children under 12 years of Principal: Constipation8, 9, 28, 45, 75, age8, 14, 28, 45. defecation with anal fissures or haemorrhoids¶ 28, 45. Side-effects: Major: Recto-anal post-operative Common: Spasmodic GI complaints8, treatment28, 45. 14, 28. Minor: In diagnostic preparation of On long term use/abuse: Disturbances the GI tract28. of electrolyte balance especially Others: Rheumatism28. potassium deficiency, albuminuria, haematuria, pigmentation of the Cautions: Avoid excessive laxative colonic mucosa, heart arrhythmias, use & prolonged use**, adequate neuropathies, oedema, accelerated fluid intake (may lead to electrolyte bone deterioration8, 28. imbalance)28. Drug interactions: Cardiac Contraindications: Intestinal & glycosides especially digoxin63, bowel obstruction, acute inflammatory potassium-depleting diuretics, intestinal disease (colitis, Crohn’s corticosteroids8, 14, 28, 45, 75. disease, irritable bowel), foecal Dose: 20-30 mg hydroxyanthracene derivatives daily28. ¶ Preparation should be used only if no effects can be obtained through change of diet or use of Erbalax® Forte Compresse (Erba Vita) bulk-forming products8. see Senna

Slim-Rite (HealthAid) see Alfalfa ** Cascara Sagrada is not recommended for use for longer than 1 or 2 weeks unless medical ® advice is sought8, 28. Vegilax (HealthAid) see Blessed Thistle

~ 30 ~ cat’s law

CAT’S CLAW Uncaria tomentosa

Family: Rubiaceae molecular weight heparins (cat’s claw Medicinal Parts: Root bark. may increase risk of bleeding if taken with these medications)28. Indications: Principal: All forms of arthritis, Dose: 250-1000 mg daily; Decoction rheumatism and other inflammatory dosage: 60ml once daily in the diseases14, 28, 76. morning on an empty stomach28. Major: Gastric ulcers; viral diseases including herpes zoster, herpes Arthur’s Formula Ltd (Power Health) see simplex, HIV, cancer14, 28, 77, 78, 79. Devil’s Claw Others: Diarrhoea, gastritis, treatment 80 Cat’s Claw (HealthAid) of wounds, asthma , menstrual Liquid; Cat’s claw extract 1:3 (equiv. of 28, 78, 79 irregularity, as a contraceptive . 330mg of cat’s claw herb in 1ml). Tablets; Cat’s claw powder 315mg, cat’s Cautions: Drugs metabolized by claw standardised extract 160mg. P450 3A4 enzyme should be taken Local Distributor: Galea & Galea with caution14, 28, patients receiving Cat’s Claw (Power Herbs) antihypertensive therapy. Tablets; Cat’s claw bark powder extract 34mg (containing 3% total alkaloids and Contraindications: Autoimmune 15% polyphenols). disease, immunosuppressants, bone Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. marrow transplantation, pregnancy, breast-feeding28. Cat’s Claw Herbal Complex (Vega) Capsules; Cat’s claw inner bark powder 300mg (equiv. to 1000mg cat’s claw inner Side-effects: Reduced serum bark herb); cat’s claw inner bark extract oestradiol and progesterone with (4:1) 175mg (min. 15% polyphenols, 3% long term use, renal failure81, alkaloids). hypotension14, 28. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, Immuno baby (Erba Vita) see Echinacea antiplatelets, thrombolytic agents, low

~ 31 ~ catnip

CATNIP Nepeta cataria

Family: Labiatae Contraindications: Pregnancy28. Medicinal Parts: Aerial parts of the plant. Side-effects: None known.

Indications: Drug interactions: CNS depressants, Principal: Colds, colic, fever, teething drugs acting on the CNS14. in children28, 82. Major: Nervous disorders, migraine28. Dose: 3 cups of tea daily28. Others: Gynaecological disorders28.

CAYENNE Capsicum species

Family: Solanaceae after use unless treating the hands28, 83. Medicinal Parts: Fresh or dried fruits. Contraindications: Open wounds or eyes, stomach ulcers or stomach Indications: inflammation, chronic irritable bowel, Principal: Muscular pain in areas of GI, hepatic or renal disease9, 28, 83. shoulder, arm & spine of adults and school-age children8; rheumatism; Side-effects: digestive ailments; dyspepsia; Common: Burning, stinging & redness frostbite83; chronic lumbago9, 28. of the skin (these effects lessen or Major: Prophylactic therapy for disappear over a few days time with atherosclerosis, stroke & heart repeated application)28. disease83; sea sickness28. Others: Diarrhoea, intestinal & Minor: As a gargle for hoarseness, gallstone colics (with internal sore throat, infected throat28, 83. administration); blister, ulcer Others: Loss of appetite (in formation (with external compound preparations); for lowering applications)9, 28. the temperature in malaria, yellow fever, scarlet fever & typhus; Drug interactions: Aspirin alcoholism28. (beneficial interaction)28, 63; ACE inhibitors; anticoagulants, antiplatelet Cautions: Pregnancy, breast- agents, thrombolytic agents, feeding83. Wash hands immediately low molecular weight heparins;

~ 32 ~ celery barbiturates; theophylline28. gm powdered rhubarb root; 2 cups per day28. Dose††: External daily dose: 10 gm drug. Cardiohealth Formula (Vega) see Garlic

Semisolid preparations: max 50 mg TM capsaicin in 100 gm neutral base. The Herbal Booster (HealthAid) see Guarana cream is applied to the affected area 28 not more than 3 or 4 times daily . Prostate Formula (Vega) see Saw Internal application: Decoction: ½ Palmetto litre water with 5 gm powdered drug, 3 gm powdered cascarilla bark and 5 V-VeinTM (HealthAid) see Horse Chestnut

CELERY Apium graveolens

Family: Umbelliferae (beneficial interaction), phenobarbital, Medicinal Parts: Root, above-ground thyroxine, warfarin (when celery is foliage and stems, fruit (seeds), oil taken in high doses)5. extracted from seeds. Dose: Seeds: 1.2 to 4 gm; Infusion: 1 Indications: gm drug28. Principal: Arthritis, rheumatism, 5, 8, 9, 28, 45, 84, 85 gout . 4.3.2.1 Performance Detox (Arkopharma) Major: Urinary tract infection, fluid see Green Tea retention, high total serum cholesterol & triglycerides86, prophylactic for 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Day & Night colon cancer development5, 28. (Arkopharma) see Green Tea Minor: Nervousness, hysteria, 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Organic (Arkopharma) exhaustion, loss of appetite, cough, see Green Tea helminthic infections5, 8, 28. Others: Mosquito repellant87. Celery Seed 200mg (Power Herbs) Capsules; Celery seed 200mg. Contraindications: Pregnancy, Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. kidney disorders5, 8, 28, 45. MSM Glucosamine Joint Complex 8, 45 (Higher Nature) Side-effects: Allergic reactions . Tablets; Vitamin C 30mg, zinc 5mg, copper 250mcg, boron 250mcg, MSM Drug interactions: NSAIDs 450mg, glucosamine 180mg, ginger 75mg, nettle 75mg, celery seed powder †† Use should be limited to 2 days and should 75mg, korean ginseng 15mg, kelp 5mg. only be used again after 2 weeks28. Local Distributor: Health Plus

~ 33 ~ centaury

CENTAURY Centaurium erythraea

Family: Gentianaceae Contraindications: Stomach or Medicinal Parts: Dried aerial parts of intestinal ulcers28, 88. the flowering plant. Side-effects: None known. Indications: Principal: Disorders of the upper Drug interactions: None known. digestive tract, mainly dyspepsia 8, 9, 19, 28, 88. Dose‡‡: 3-4 times daily: dried herb, Major: Loss of appetite, anorexia8, 9, 1-3 gm, usually as an infusion; liquid 19, 28, 88. extract 1:1 in 25% alcohol, 1-3 ml19.

CHAMOMILE, GERMAN Matricaria recutita

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Medicinal Parts: The entire to any member of the Asteraceae/ flowering herb or only the flowers. Compositae family, history of atopic hay fever or asthma5, 28. Indications: Principal: Stomach upset, minor Side-effects: Allergic reactions illness (colds, fever, flatulence, including emesis in high doses, diarrhea, headache, nausea, vomiting, allergic conjunctivitis, contact poor digestion)5, 28, 89, 90, insomnia, dermatitis, eczema5, 9, 28. anxiety91, 92. Major: Dyspepsia, travel sickness91, Drug interactions: Anticoagulants89, colic & teething pain in children5, 28, 93, alcohol, benzodiazepines28, NSAIDs, haemorrhoids (topically)5. drugs metabolized by CYP 3A45. Minor: Nasal catarrh, restlessness28, 91, chemotherapy induced oral mucositis5. Dose: Internal single dose: 3 gm Others: Skin & mucous membrane as an infusion; Liquid extract: 1-4 inflammations, bacterial skin ailments, ml or 1 cup of freshly made tea – gingivitis, wounds & burns28, 94. ‡‡ Taken 20-30 minutes before meals and sipped Cautions: Babies, pregnancy, breast- slowly. The tonic effects take time to fully 9 develop and several weeks of treatment would feeding . be advisable19.

~ 34 ~ chaste tree administered 3-4 times daily; Washes Tablets; 550mg chamomile extract & gargles: administered several times 4:1 equiv. to 2200mg of raw powder a day28. (standardised for 2.5% apigenin). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Altaflora® Gastrogel (Alta Care) see Aloe Colic Baby (Erba Vita) see Linden Vera Controller® Natural Sleep (Alta Care) see Ad-muc® (Merz) Linden Mouth cream; Chamomile extract, myrrhae tincture. Femmevit® (HealthAid) see Starflower Local Distributor: George Farrugia & Sons Ltd. Finocarbo Plus (Aboca) see Fennel Calma Baby (Erba Vita) see Linden Karbofin Forte (ESI) see Fennel Chamomile (HealthAid) No-Gas® enzimi (Giuliani) see Ginger Liquid; Chamomile extract 1:3 (equiv. of 330mg of chamomile herb in 1ml). St. John’s Wort Herbal Complex (Vega) see St. John’s Wort

CHASTE TREE see Agnus Castus

CHICKWEED Stellaria media cause allergic skin reactions – allergy Family: Caryophyllaceae sensitive individuals should try a Medicinal Parts: Aerial parts – small amount first5. leaves, stems, flowers.

Side-effects: None noted. Indications: Internally: Rheumatism, gout, Drug interactions: Nitrates95. stiffness of joints, tuberculosis, bronchial phlegm, bronchitis, diseases Dose: Tincture (1:5): 2-10 ml three of the blood5, 28, 95. times daily; Infusion of dried herb: Externally: Poorly healing wounds, 1-5 gm three times daily; Chickweed haemorrhoids95, inflammation of the is commonly incorporated into a eyes, eczema, urticaria, other diverse topical ointment or cream base for skin diseases5, 28. external use (1 part chickweed to 5 parts base) and applied as required5. Cautions: Rarely, chickweed can

~ 35 ~ chicory

CHICORY Cichorium intybus

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Dose: 3 gm comminuted drug daily. Medicinal Parts: Dried leaves & Single dose: 2-4 gm whole herb for an roots collected in autumn, whole plant infusion28. collected and dried in the flowering season, fresh plant and root. 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Day & Night (Arkopharma) see Green Tea

Indications: 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Organic (Arkopharma) Principal: Loss of appetite, see Green Tea dyspepsia8, 28. Others: Jaundice, gallbladder & Bambu® (A.Vogel) liver problems, intestinal worms, Granules; Chicory, wheat, malted barley, diabetes96. figs, acorns. Local Distributor: Health Plus

Cautions/Contraindications: None Sollievo (Aboca) see Senna noted. Super Antioxidant (Higher Nature) Side-effects: Potential for Tablets; Chicory root 10mg, bilberry fruit sensitization via skin contact with the 10mg, vitamin A 1133mcg, vitamin C 28 167mg, vitamin E 45mg, riboflavin 5mg, drug . zinc 4mg, manganese 1.3mg, selenium 50mcg, N-acetyl cysteine 5mg, L-cysteine Drug interactions: None noted. 5mg, glutathione 2.5mg. Local Distributor: Health Plus

CHINESE ANGELICA see Dong Quai

CINCHONA Cinchona pubescens

Family: Rubiaceae Major: Dyspeptic complaints97, Medicinal Parts: Dried bark of 6- to flatulence with a sense of fullness8, 28. 8-year-old trees. Others: Feverish infections, malaria98, 99, flu, muscle cramps, muscle pain, Indications: gastric disorders28, cancer28, 99. Principal: Loss of appetite8, 28, 45.

~ 36 ~ cinnamon

Cautions: Recommended dosages increased tendency of bleeding28, 45. should not be exceeded as it contains quinine alkaloids that are toxic in Drug interactions: Digoxin, large doses28. anticoagulants28, 45, flecainide28.

Contraindications: Pregnancy28, Dose: Total daily dose: 1 to 3 gm of hypersensitivity to quinine8, gastric or drug; liquid extract daily dose: 0.6 intestinal ulcers45. to 3 gm of cinchona liquid extract; standard single dose of the extract is Side-effects: Hypersensitivity 0.2 gm; liquid extract single dose is reactions (skin allergies, fever), 0.5 to 1 gm45.

CINNAMON Cinnamomum verum

Family: Lauraceae from cinnamaldehyde (the major Medicinal Parts: Oil extracted from component of the essential oil)5, 8, 19. bark, bark of younger branches, leaf oil. Drug interactions: Hypoglycaemic Indications: agents5, 100. Principal: Digestive disorders such as nausea, flatulence, dyspepsia & GI Dose: Three times daily: dried bark, colic; loss of appetite5, 8, 19, 28, 100. 0.5-1 gm as an infusion; liquid extract Major: Diarrhoea in children, (1:1 in 70% alcohol), 0.5-1 ml; common cold, influenza, winter chills, tincture, 2-4 ml19. poor circulation19. Minor: Type 2 diabetes5, 101, 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Ultimate (Arkopharma) see Fenugreek gestational diabetes, Helicobacter 5 pylori infection . Altasterol® Stimulant (Alta Care) see 102 Others: Cancer . Ginger

Contraindications: Pregnancy CandawayTM (Lamberts) (except in amounts normally used in Capsules; Cinnamon bark 3750mg foods)5, 8, 19, 28, allergy to cinnamon (provided by 750mg of a 5:1 extract), or Peru balsam, in cases of fever of olive leaf 800mg (provided by 200mg of a 4:1 extract), fennel seed 400mg (provided unknown origin, active stomach or by 100mg of a 4:1 extract), cardamom oil 5, 8 duodenal ulcers . 100mg. Local Distributor: Health Plus Side-effects: Allergic skin and mucosal reactions may occur in Cinnamon (HealthAid) sensitive individuals, arising mainly Capsules; Cinnamon bark powder 250mg,

~ 37 ~ citronella cinnamon extract 30mg (equiv. to 600mg 0.5mg, co-enzyme Q10 2.5mg, lecithin of powder). 7.5mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

Dietrim (Vitabiotics) Gastro-Vit Formula (Vega) see Aloe Vera Capsules; Conjugated linoleic acid (80%) 400mg, papain (papaya extract) 10mg, Male Formula (HealthAid) see Ginseng cinnamon bark extract 10mg, vitamin Korean A 100mcg, vitamin D 2.5mcg, vitamin E 2.5mcg, vitamin C 15mg, vitamin B1 Male MaxTM (HealthAid) see Ginseng 2.5mg, vitamin B2 0.5mg, vitamin B3 Korean 5mg, vitamin B6 2.5mg, folacin 100mcg, vitamin B12 2.25mcg, biotin 11.25mcg, Red Sterol Complex (Higher Nature) pantothenic acid 7.5mg, iron 2mg, Tablets; 250mg cinnamon bark, 250mg magnesium 12.5mg, zinc 3mg, iodine plant sterols, 50mg red yeast rice, 25mg 7.5mcg, manganese 0.125mg, copper vitamin E. 0.25mg, chromium 37.5mcg, selenium Local Distributor: Health Plus 31.25mcg, natural mixed carotenoids VeinTain® (Lamberts) see Ginger

CITRONELLA see Lemongrass

CLEAVERS Galium aparine

Family: Rubiaceae Drug interactions: Loop diuretics, Medicinal Parts: Dried aerial parts thiazide diuretics, spironolactone, collected during the flowering and triamterene63. fruiting period. Dose: Three times daily: dried herb, Indications: 2-4 gm or in infusion; expressed juice, Principal: Ulcers, breast lumps, skin 5-15 ml; liquid extract (1:1, 25% rashes, dysuria9, 26, 45, 103. ethanol), 2-4 ml; tincture (1:5, 25% Major: Cystitis, as a diuretic for ethanol), 4-10 ml45. dropsy, bladder catarrh, retention of urine (ischuria)26, 45, 103. Aquaflow® (HealthAid) see Dandelion

Cautions/Contraindications: None Boldo Multi-Herbal Complex known. (Healthlife) see Boldo

Side-effects: None noted.

~ 38 ~ clove

CLOVE Syzygium aromaticum

Family: Myrtaceae agents, low molecular weight Medicinal Parts: Dried flowerbud, heparins28. leaf, stem. Dose: Indications: Internal: Three times daily: dried Principal: Toothache9, pain & buds, 120-300 mg or as an infusion inflammation of the mouth and throat of 2 cloves to a cupful of hot water; mucosa, for buccal hygiene5, 19, 28. tincture, 20 drops; clove oil, 0.05-0.1 Major: Stomach ulcers, flatulence, ml (2-4 drops)19. colic, abdominal bloating, nausea, Local: For toothache, undiluted oil headache, colds5, 19, 28. dab 1-2 drops of clove oil on to cotton Minor: Coughs, treatment of wool and rub over affected tooth. In small wounds, sores, acne & other mouthwashes, the equivalent of 1-5% inflammatory conditions (locally)19, of essential oil19. chronic anal fissures104, herpes simplex virus type 15, 105. Coloclear Extra (Higher Nature) see Others: Neuralgia, bronchitis, Flaxseed whooping cough19. Erbalax® Forte Compresse (Erba Vita) see Senna Cautions: None known. Jointace Gel (Vitabiotics) see Ginger Contraindications: Liver function impairment, patients taking Jointace Patch (Vitabiotics) see Ginger paracetamol or anticoagulants19. Natural Herbal Inhalant Oil (Numark) see Eucalyptus Side-effects: Contact dermatitis, irritation to mucous membranes Neuralta® Migren (Alta Care) see on local application in sensitive Peppermint individuals5. Teenstick (Arkopharma) Roll-on; Essential oils of clove, geranium, Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, palmarosa, tea tree, ylang ylang. antiplatelet agents, thrombolytic Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd.

~ 39 ~ colt’s foot

COLT’S FOOT Tussilago farfara

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae disease) and carcinogenic Medicinal Parts: Leaves, flowers. pyrrolizidine alkaloids8, 9, 14, 28.

Indications: Contraindications: Pregnancy, Principal: Treatment and prevention breastfeeding9, 28. of diseases and ailments of the respiratory tract such as cough, Side-effects: Contact dermatitis in hoarseness, bronchial catarrh, acute patients sensitive to the Compositae & chronic bronchitis, asthma, colds, family and cross-reactivity may occur influenza, inflammation and irritation with other compositae14. of the oral and pharyngeal mucosa, sore throat, tonsillitis, swelling of the Drug interactions: None known. glands and tuberculosis of the lymph nodes8, 9, 14, 28. Dose: The total daily dose is 4.5 to Major: Smoking addiction28. 6 gm of drug. The maximum daily Minor: Diarrhoea, for the stimulation dose must not be more than 1mcg of of metabolism8. total pyrrolizidine alkaloids with 1.2 Others: Wound treatment8. unsaturated necine structure. The drug should not be taken for more than 4 to Cautions: Colt’s foot contains 6 weeks a year28. hepatotoxic (hepatic venoocclusive

COMFREY Symphytum officinale

Family: Boraginaceae Others: Arthritic pain28, cough14. Medicinal Parts: Leaf, rhizome, root. Cautions: External administration Indications: should only be on areas where the Principal: Bruises, sprains, pulled skin is unbroken, and only with muscles & ligaments, promotion of industrially produced pyrrolizidine bone healing, skin inflammation, alkaloid-free extracts28. varicose ulcers [externally]8, 9, 14, 28, 45 . Minor: Gum disease, pharyngitis, Contraindications: Previous liver strep throat [as a mouthwash or kidney disease, pregnancy, and gargle]; gastritis, GI ulcers breastfeeding8, 9, 28. [internally]28, 45.

~ 40 ~ corn silk

Side-effects: Hepatotoxicity9, 14, 28. Comfrey Cream (A.Vogel) Cream; Each gram contains 200mg Drug interactions: None known. comfrey extract. Local Distributor: Health Plus

§§ Dose : Unless otherwise prescribed, Jointcare ComfrelieveTM (Seven Seas) ointment or other preparations for Cream; 35g liquid extract (1:2) from external use with 5 to 20% of dried Comfrey root. drug or equivalent preparations45. Local Distributor: Associated Drug Co. Ltd.

CORN SILK Zea mays

Family: Poaceae Side-effects: No health hazards are Medicinal Parts: Seeds. known in conjunction with the proper administration of designed therapeutic Indications: Disorders of the urinary dosages. tract28 such as dysuria, cystitis45, urethritis, nocturnal enuresis, Drug interactions: Corticosteroids63. prostatitis, and specifically for acute and chronic inflammation of the Dose: Three times daily: dried drug, urinary tract9. 2-8 gm or in infusion; liquid extract (1:1, 25% ethanol), 4-8 ml; tincture Cautions: None known. (1:5, 25% ethanol) 5-15 ml45.

COUCH GRASS Agropyron repens

Family: Gramineae the urinary tract, particularly cystitis, Medicinal Parts: Rhizome collected but also urethritis, prostatitis and in spring or autumn. irritable bladder; renal calculi8, 9, 19, 28. Major: Gout, rheumatic pain19, 28, Indications: chronic skin disorders19, 28, 106. Principal: Ailments and infections of Cautions: Ensure copious fluid intake §§ Comfrey should not be used orally for more for irrigation therapy28. than 4 weeks if pyrrolizidine alkaloids might be present. Comfrey should only be applied to intact skin28.

~ 41 ~ cranberry

Contraindications: No irrigation rhizome, 4-8 gm, usually in decoction therapy if oedema is present due to or infusion; liquid extract (1:1 in 25% cardiac or renal insufficiency8, 28. alcohol), 4-8 ml; tincture (1:5 in 40% alcohol), 5-15 ml19. Side-effects: None known. CellusiteTM (HealthAid) see White Willow Drug interactions: None known. Hip & Thigh Formula (HealthAid) see White Willow Dose: Three times daily: dried

CRANBERRY Vaccinium macrocarpon

Family: Ericaceae Dose: To prevent urinary tract Medicinal Parts: Fruit. infections, 30-300 gm cranberry juice; in children 15mg/kg body weight. In Indications: type 2 diabetes, 200-400mg28. Principal: Prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections5, 28, 107, 108. Cranberola® (Arkopharma) Major: Blood disorders110, digestive Capsules; Cranberry powder and berry ailments, prevention of H. pylori 109 extract 400mg. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. and dental plaque5, 28. 110 Others: Anorexia, cancer treatment , Cranberry (Arkopharma) diabetes111, scurvy, wound care, Capsules; Cranberry fruit powder, acerola gout28. powder, vitamin C, cellulose. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Cautions: Pregnancy28, diabetics Cranberry (HealthAid) when using commercially prepared Tablets; Cranberry (25:1) extract 200mg cranberry juices because of the high equiv. to 5000mg of cranberry powder. sugar content5. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Contraindications: None known. Cranberry (NatraHealth) Tablets; Cranberry extract 3500mg. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Side-effects: GI discomfort, 5, 28 diarrhoea . Cranberry (Quest) Tablets; Cranberry fruit extract 200mg Drug interactions: Warfarin107, providing 60mg organic acids, equiv. to 5000mg herb powder. proton pump inhibitors, H2 antagonists5, 28. Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd.

~ 42 ~ cranberry

Cranberry Complex (Lamberts) Cysticare® (HealthAid) Powder; Per 5 gm (1 teaspoon): cranberry Tablets; Cranberry extract (4:1) 250mg, powder 2470mg, fructooligosaccharides dandelion root powder 50mg, parsley (derived from chicory root) 2470mg, powder 50mg, sage 50mg, bearberry vitamin C 60mg. extract (4:1) 25mg, stinging nettle extract Local Distributor: Health Plus (4:1) 25mg, buchu leaf extract (4:1) 25mg, vitamin C 125mg. Cranberry Cyst (ESI) Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Tablets; Cranberry 700mg, bearberry 200mg, grapefruit seed 100mg, ortosiphon Ellegyn® Cysti (Alta Care) 100mg, goldenrod 100mg. Capsules; Omega 3 (350mg), cranberry Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. seed oil (100mg), EPO (50mg). Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. Cranberry Extract (Numark) Tablets; Cranberry extract 80mg, equiv. to Natural Cranberry with Vitamin C 2000mg herb. (Solgar) Local Distributor: Premier HealthCare Vegicaps; Cranberry concentrate powder 440mg, vitamin C 60mg. Cranberry Juice Concentrate (Power Local Distributor: Natural Remedies Health) Tablets; Cranberry juice concentrate Super Strength Cranberry (Higher (25:1) 180mg equiv. to fresh cranberries Nature) 4500mg. Capsules; Cranberry (standardised Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. cranberry fruit extract and infused whole fruit) 500mg. Cranberry Plus Formula (Vega) Local Distributor: Health Plus Capsules; Cranberry standardised extract 200mg (min. 40% organic Venalta® (Alta Care) see Grapeseed acids), caprylic acid 100mg, deodorized garlic standardised clove extract 10:1 WellTeen® Plus Omega-3 (Vitabiotics) equiv. to herb 100mg (min. 0.5% allicin WellTeen tablets; Cranberry extract content), bromelain 50mg, prebiotic 100mg, green tea extract 40mg, fructooligosaccharides 50mg, lactobacillus L-carnitine tartarate 50mg, co-enzyme acidophilus 30mg, vitamin C 30mg, niacin Q10 2mg, natural mixed carotenoids 2mg, 18mg, zinc 7.5mg, pantothenic acid 6mg, vitamin A 400mcg, vitamin D 20mcg, beta carotene 2.4mg, vitamin B6 2mg, vitamin E 8mg, vitamin C 80mg, vitamin vitamin B2 1.6mg, vitamin B1 1.4mg, B1 6mg, vitamin B2 3mg, vitamin B3 manganese 0.25mg, folate 200mcg, 18mg, vitamin B6 8mg, olic acid 400mcg, selenium 100mcg, copper 50mcg, vitamin vitamin B12 15mcg, biotin 75mcg, B12 1mcg. pantothenic acid 6mg, magnesium 94mg, Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons iron 12mg, zinc 15mg, copper 1000mcg, Ltd. manganese 2mg, selenium 55mcg, chromium 50mcg, iodine 130mcg. Cys-control® Cranberola (Arkopharma) Omega-3 capsules; Omega-3 ish oil Sachets; Cranberry, rich in 541mg (providing EPA 165mg & DHA proanthocyanidins (36mg). 116mg), vitamin E 5.5mg. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

~ 43 ~ cranesbill

CRANESBILL Geranium maculatum

Family: Geraniaceae Drug interactions: None known. Medicinal Parts: Dried rhizome, leaf, root. Dose: Three times daily: dried rhizome, 1-2 gm as an infusion or Indications: decoction; liquid extract 1:1 in 45% Principal: Haemorrhoids, peptic & alcohol, 1-2 ml19. duodenal ulcers, diarrhoea, heavy menstruation, dysmenorrhoea19, 28. Citronella Geranium Aerosol Free Major: Acute bronchitis, tonsillitis, Nebuliser (Sella) see Lemongrass upper respiratory tract infection, sore 19 Citronella Geranium for Children (Sella) throat, mouth ulcers, infected gums . see Lemongrass Minor: Bleeding of mucous membranes19, 28. Citronella Geranium Stick (Sella) see Lemongrass Contraindications: None known. Evening Primrose (HealthAid) see Evening Primrose Side-effects: No health hazards are known in conjunction with the Teenstick (Arkopharma) see Clove proper administration of designated therapeutic dosages.

CURCUMA see Turmeric

DAMIANA Turnera diffusa

Family: Turneraceae stimulation during exertion Medicinal Parts: Leaves harvested (overwork), for boosting and during the flowering season. maintaining physical and mental capacity8. Indications: Minor: Anxiety & depression Principal: Sexual dysfunction, associated with hormonal changes decreased libido5, 8, 9, 14, 28, 112. (e.g. menopause), nervous dyspepsia, Major: For strengthening & constipation5, 28, 45.

~ 44 ~ dandelion

Cautions: Patients with Damiana Leaf (HealthAid) hypoglycaemia9, 113. Liquid; Damiana extract 1:4 (equiv. of 250mg of damiana herb in 1ml). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Contraindications: Patients with overactive sympathetic nervous Energizer Formula (Vega) see Siberian system activity5. Ginseng

Side-effects: None known. Male Formula (HealthAid) see Ginseng Korean

Drug interactions: Hypoglycaemic TM 5 Male Max (HealthAid) see Ginseng agents . Korean

Dose: Three times daily: dried drug, Zotrim (Nature’s Remedies) see Maté 2-4 gm or in infusion; liquid extract (1:1, 60% ethanol), 3-6 ml45.

DANDELION Taraxacum officinale

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, Medicinal Parts: Dried leaves & antiplatelet agents, thrombolytic roots. agents, low molecular weight heparins, fluoroquinolones, Indications: potassium5, 28, 115. Principal: Water retention due to various causes114, 115, insufficient Dose: Tincture: 10-15 drops three production of bile5, 9, 28, 45, 115. times daily; a cup of freshly made tea Major: Dyspeptic complaints, urinary can be taken mornings and evenings28. tract infections, liver & gall bladder complaints, loss of appetite8, 28. 2-Day DetoxPlan (HealthAid) see Milk Others: Diabetes, rheumatic Thistle conditions, urticaria, eczema5, 28. 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Organic (Arkopharma) see Green Tea Contraindications: Bile duct obstruction, gall bladder empyema, 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Ultimate (Arkopharma) ileus5, 8, 28. see Fenugreek

® Side-effects: Superacid gastric Altadrine Day Burner (Alta Care) see Grapeseed complaints, sensitization reactions28.

~ 45 ~ devil’s claw

Altadrine® Night Burner (Alta Care) see Detoxil (Vitabiotics) see Artichoke Green Tea Erbalax® Delicato Capsule (Erba Vita) Aquaflow® (HealthAid) see Rhubarb Tablets; Dandelion root powder 80mg, bladderwrack powder 80mg, buchu leaf Hip & Thigh Formula (HealthAid) see powder 80mg, uva ursi powder 80mg, White Willow juniper berry powder 80mg, yellow dock root extract 80mg, cleavers powder extract Lass-B (Erba Vita) 80mg, burdock powder 80mg, parsley Syrup; Manna 15%, decoction of figs leaf powder 75mg, barberry bark powder 10%, tamarind fruit pulp extract 5%, 15mg. dandelion root extract 7.5%, concentrated Local Distributor: Galea & Galea and purified propolis extract (total flavonoids expressed as galangin 12%, Boldo Multi-Herbal Complex (Healthlife) according to HPLC, 28%, UV method). see Boldo Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd.

CellusiteTM (HealthAid) see White Willow Livercare® (HealthAid) see Milk Thistle

Cysticare® (HealthAid) see Cranberry Menophase (Higher Nature) see Schisandra Dandelion (HealthAid) Liquid; Dandelion extract 1:4 (equiv. of Milk Thistle Complex (HealthAid) see 250mg of dandelion herb in 1ml). Milk Thistle Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Milk Thislte Plus (FSC) see Milk Thistle Dandelion Root (HealthAid) Tablets; 140mg dandelion root extract and Slim-Rite (HealthAid) see Alfalfa raw powder 4:1 equiv. to 560mg of raw dandelion root powder. Sollievo (Aboca) see Senna Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

DEVIL’S CLAW Harpagophytum procumbens

Family: Pedaliaceae Major: Acute low back pain, loss of Medicinal Parts: Dried tuber/root. appetite5, 28, 118. Minor: Allergies, kidney, bladder & Indications: gall bladder disorders28, 118. Principal: Dyspeptic complaints, inflammatory disorders including Contraindications: Stomach or arthritis, gout, myalgia, fibrositis, duodenal ulcers8, 28, 45, gallstones, lumbago & rheumatic disease5, 8, 9, 28, 45, acute diarrhoea, pregnancy5. 116, 117, 118, 119.

~ 46 ~ dong quai

Side-effects: Diarrhoea5. Devil’s Claw (HealthAid) Liquid; devil’s claw extract 1:3 (equiv. of Drug interactions: Warfarin, 330mg of devil’s claw herb in 1ml). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea antiarrythmic drugs5, antiplatelet 116 drugs, NSAIDs . Devil’s Claw Herbal Complex (Vega) Capsules; Devil’s claw root extract Dose: Three times daily. 4:1 150mg (min. 2.5% harpagosides); For dyspepsia or lack of appetite: devil’s claw root powder 150mg (equiv. dried tuber, 0.5 gm in decoction; to 750mg devil’s claw root herb); Vega Phytoantioxidant BaseTM 140mg providing tincture (1:5, 25% ethanol), 1ml. antioxidants and prebiotics: apple and For other indications: dried tuber, mixed wild berries concentrate 8:1 equiv. 1.5-2.5 gm in decoction; liquid extract to herb 224mg, prebiotic acacia gum (1:1, 25% ethanol), 1-2ml45. 112mg. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Arthur’s Formula Ltd (Power Health) Ltd. Tablets; Devil’s claw powder 225mg, cat’s claw bark extract 34mg, alkaloids 1mg, Flodol® (Alta Care) see Meadowsweet willow bark powder 40mg, garlic powder 40mg. Flodolor® Flexi (Alta Care) see Papaya Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Neuralta® Plus (Alta Care) see Papaya Atrosan® (A.Vogel) Tablets; Devil’s claw extract 480mg. No-Dol (ESI) Local Distributor: Health Plus Capsules; Glucosamine 250mg, chondroitin sulfate 100mg, MSM 100mg, Devil’s Claw (Arkopharma) devil’s claw 100mg, manganese 5mg, aloe Capsules; Devil’s claw powder 435mg vera 15mg. (containing 9.5mg glucoiridoids). Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Phytorhuma (Arkopharma) Devil’s Claw (A.Vogel) Gel; Devil’s claw extract 30%. Liquid; Tincture of devil’s claw dried root, Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. extracted in alcohol (66% v/v). Local Distributor: Health Plus

DONG QUAI Angelica sinensis

Family: Umbelliferae such as menstrual cramps & scanty Medicinal Parts: Whole root. menstruation; uterine contractions; menopausal symptoms5, 28, 120. Indications: Major: Arrhythmia, asthma & Principal: Menstrual complaints bronchitis, cardiovascular disorders,

~ 47 ~ dong quai kidney problems5, 28. 121. Dong Quai Herbal Complex (Vega) Others: Constipation, migraine, Capsules; Dong quai root powder 350mg; neuralgia, hypertension28. dong quai root extract (6:1) 200mg (min. 1% lingustilides) equiv. to 1550mg dong quai root herb. Cautions: Patients taking large Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons doses of Dong Quai, or using it Ltd. concurrently with blood thinners, should be monitored for increases in Dong Quai Root Extract (Solgar) prothrombin time and INR28, 122, limit Vegicaps; Raw dong quai root powder 200mg, standardised dong quai root sun exposure & use sunscreen28. extract (2mg [1%] ligustilides) 150mg, PhytO2X ä (powdered blend of beta- Contraindications: Pregnancy, carotene prep. and ascorbic acid). hemorrhagic disease, Local Distributor: Natural Remedies hypermenorrhoea, chronic diarrhoea, abdominal bloating, acute infections Herbal Female Complex (Solgar) see including cold & flu5, 28. Black Cohosh Menovital® (HealthAid) Side-effects: GI disturbances, Tablets; Dong quai 6:1 standardised increased bleeding, photodermatitis5, extract 167mg (min. 1% lingustilide) 28, 123. equiv. to 1000mg of dong quai powder, flaxseed oil powder 100mg (provides Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, 20mg alpha linolenic acid), siberian ginseng 5:1 extract 100mg, sage powder low molecular weight heparins, 100mg, starflower oil powder 100mg thrombolytic agents, benzodiazepines, (provides 7mg GLA), red clover blossoms beta-adrenergic blockers, nifedipine, 50mg, liquorice standardised extract testosterone, tolbutamide5, 28, 63. 25mg (min. 20% glycyrrhizinc acid), black cohosh standardised extract 20mg Dose: 2-3 gm 2 to 3 times daily (provides 1mg of deoxyacetin), agnus 28 castus 5:1 standardised extract 8mg (min. (liquid extract, tablet) . 1% lingustilide) equiv. to 40mg powder, vitamin C 60mg, vitamin B6 10mg, zinc Dong Quai (HealthAid) 15mg, soya isoflavone extract 50mg Liquid; Dong quai extract 1:4 (equiv. of (provides 40% isoflavone), vitamin E 250mg of dong quai herb in 1ml). 5mg, iron 14mg, L-tyrosine 50mg. Tablets; Raw dong quai powder 210mg, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea standardised dong quai root 160mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

~ 48 ~ echinacea

ECHINACEA Echinaceae species

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Drug interactions: Caffeine, Medicinal Parts: Roots, leaves or midazolam, basiliximab, azathioprine, the whole plant in various stages of corticosteroids, cyclosporine, development, depending on varieties. daclizumab, muromonab, mycophenolic acid, mycophenelate Indications: acid, sirolimus, tacrolimus28, 126. Principal: Upper respiratory tract infections including common cold & Dose: influenza5, 9, 19, 28, 124, 125, 126, 127. Internally: 6-9 ml of the expressed Major: Poorly healing superficial juice28. wounds; digestive, respiratory & Externally: 50 ml of a decoction from urinary tract infections; inflammatory root, three times daily19. and purulent conditions including Avoid prolonged use. furunculosis, carbuncles, abscesses & ® acne5, 19, 28, 127. Altacura Infludrink (Alta Care) see Minor: Mild septicaemia, burns, Meadowsweet 5, 19, 28, 127 eczema, leg ulcers . Children’s Echinacea (HealthAid) Others: Treatment of leucopenia Liquid; Per 1ml average: Echinacea following radio & cytostatic therapy extract (1:1) 100mg derived from and in support of anti-infectious Echinacea angustifolia root powder, chemotherapy5, 28, 128. acerola cherry extract 25% 240mg which provides 60mg of vitamin C in a base of cherry juice concentrate. Cautions: Diabetes may worsen in Local Distributor: Galea & Galea diabetic patient receiving Echinacea 28 intravenously . Concentrated Echinacea 500mg (Numark) Contraindications: Pregnancy, Tablets; Echinacea root extract 500mg. hypersensitivity to Compositae plants, Local Distributor: Premier HealthCare tuberculosis, multiple sclerosis, Echinacea (A. Vogel) leukosis, collagenosis, AIDS or HIV Lozenges; Fresh echinacea extract, 5, infection, other autoimmune diseases glucose syrup, cane sugar, honey, caramel 28. sugar syrup, menthol, peppermint oil, citric acid. Side-effects: Local Distributor: Health Plus Rare: Allergic reactions5, 28. Echinacea (HealthAid) Others: Short-term fever reactions, Liquid; Echinacea extract 1:5 (equiv. of nausea and vomiting can occur when 200mg of echinacea herb in 1ml). used parenterally28. Tablets; Pure Echinacea purpurea powder

~ 49 ~ echinacea

500mg. Local Distributor: Natural Remedies Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Echinacea Forte (A.Vogel) Echinacea (NatraHealth) Tablets; Echinacea purpurea herb and root Tablets; Echinacea purpurea equiv. to extract 750mg equiv. to 810mg of whole 1000mg, providing polyphenols 10mcg. fresh plant. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Local Distributor: Health Plus

Echinacea 300 (Power Herbs) Echinacea Herbal Complex (Vega) Tablets; Echinacea (3:1) dry extract Capsules; Echinacea (angustifolia and 100mg equiv. to fresh echinacea 300mg purpurea) leaf/root powder 750mg, (providing echinacosides 4mg). echinacea (angustifolia and purpurea) Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. root extract (5:1) 140mg (min. 4% echinacosides) equiv. to 1450mg Echinacea 1000mg (Lamberts) echinacea leaf/root herb. Tablets; 1000mg echinacea (Echinacea Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. purpurea) provided by 250mg of a 4:1 extract. Echinacea Plus Ginseng & Astragalus Local Distributor: Health Plus Herbal Complex (Vega) Capsules; Echinacea (purpurea) root Echinacea 1000mg & Goldenseal extract 5:1 equiv. to herb 250mg (min. 4% 2000mg (Lamberts) echinacosides), ginseng korean (panax) Tablets; 1000mg echinacea (Echinacea root extract 5:1 equiv. to herb 250mg purpurea) provided by 250mg of a 4:1 (min. 20% ginsenosides), astragalus extract, 2000mg goldenseal provided by root extract 4:1 equiv. to herb 200mg, 100mg of a 20:1 extract. deglycrrhised liquorice root extract 50mg Local Distributor: Health Plus (<1% glycyrrhisin), ginger root powder 50mg, ginkgo biloba leaf powder 50mg, Echinacea & Black Elderberry (Higher schisandra fruit powder 50mg, shiitake Nature) mushroom powder 50mg. Capsules; 127.5mg echinacea extract 4:1, Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. 85mg black elderberry extract 4:1, 170mg olive leaf extract 4:1, 50mg myrrh. Echinacea (Purpurea & Angustifolia) Local Distributor: Health Plus (Health Aid) Tablets; Echinacea purpurea extract Echinacea Cream (A.Vogel) 180mg equiv. to 900mg raw echinacea Cream; Each gram contains tinctures of: powder (standardised for min 4% echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) 50mg, polyphenols), echinacea tri spectrum wild pansy 50mg. 25mg equiv. to 100mg echinacea powder. Local Distributor: Health Plus Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Echinacea Extract (Solgar) Echinacea Root 500mg (FSC) Vegicaps; Raw echinacea aerials Tablets; Echinacea root (Echinacea powder 300mg, standardised echinacea purpurea) extract equiv. to dried herb root powdered extract (5mg [4%] powder 500mg. echinacosides) 125mg, PhytO2X ä Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. (powdered blend of beta-carotene prep. and ascorbic acid).

~ 50 ~ elder

Echinacea Throat Spray (A.Vogel) (3.8% naphthoquinone 2.85mg), cat’s Spray; Tinctures of: fresh Echinacea claw dry extract 75mg (1.05% of total purpurea (echinacea) herb 190mg, fresh alkaloids ossindolici 0.79mg). salvia officinalis (sage) leaves 95mg, fresh Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. Echinacea purpurea (echinacea) root 10mg. Milk Thistle & Artichoke (Higher Nature) Local Distributor: Health Plus see Milk Thistle

Echinaforce® (A.Vogel) Perfectil (Vitabiotics) Tablets; 6.2 mg echinacea (Echinacea Capsules; Echinacea extract equiv. purpurea) herb and root concentrate equiv. to 195mg, burdock extract equiv. to to 270mg whole fresh plant or 60mg of 80mg, vitamin D 2.5mcg, vitamin E whole dried plant. . 40mg, vitamin C 30mg, thiamin 10mg, Local Distributor: Health Plus riboflavin 5mg, niacin 18mg, vitamin B6 20mg, folacin 500mcg, vitamin B12 Echinaforce® Forte (A. Vogel) 9mcg, biotin 45mcg, pantothenic acid Tablets; 1,140mg of Echinacea purpurea 40mg, iron 12mg, magnesium 50mg, extract from fresh herb and 60mg of zinc 15mg, iodine 200mcg, manganese extract from fresh root. 2mg, silicon 3mg, copper 2mg, chromium Local Distributor: Health Plus 50mcg, selenium 100mcg, cystine 10mg, betacarotene 5mg, PABA 30mg. Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) see Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Guarana Phytocold (Arkopharma) Immuno baby (Erba Vita) Capsules; Powdered roots of Echinacea Syrup; Quantities for maximum daily dose purpurea 250mg. (15ml): Blackcurrant buds 0.3ml, rosehip Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. berries 0.3ml, Echinacea angustifolia root dry extract 150mg (0.1% of echinacoside Uva-ursi complex (A.Vogel) see Uva-Ursi 0.15mg), tabebuia bark dry extract 75mg Wintervits® (HealthAid) see Tragacanth

ELDER Sambucus nigra

Family: Caprifoliaceae as coughs, laryngitis, shortness of Medicinal Parts: Bark peeled from breath9, 28, 129, 130. branches, air-dried flowers, fresh & dried leaves, fresh & dried ripe fruit, Cautions: Diabetics28. dried roots, fresh leaves. Contraindications: None known. Indications: Principal: Common cold, feverish Side-effects: Dizziness, headache, conditions9, 28, 45, 129, 130. convulsions, GI distress, nausea, Major: Respiratory disorders such vomiting, diarrhoea, tachycardia28.

~ 51 ~ elderberry

Drug interactions: Iron, 25mg bilberry standardised extract (2% magnesium28, antidiabetics, morphine, anthocyanidins), 25mg blackcurrant fruit phenobarbital130. 4:1 extract (min. 2% anthocyanidins), 500mg vitamin C, 2.5mg zinc. Dose: Three times daily: dried flowers, Local Distributor: Health Plus 3-5 gm in infusion; liquid extract (1:1, Mucovit® Sciroppo Adulti (Erba Vita) see 25% ethanol), 3-5 ml; tincture (1:5, Grindelia 25% ethanol), 10-25 ml45. Mucovit® Sciroppo bambini (Erba Vita) 4.3.2.1 Performance Detox (Arkopharma) see Grindelia see Green Tea Sambucol For Children (Sambucol) AllergforteTM (HealthAid) see Nettle Liquid; Black elderberry (berry extract) 0.95g, vitamin C 32.5mg. Altaflora® Gastrogel (Alta Care) see Aloe Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Vera Sambucol® Immuno Forte Formula Echinacea & Black Elderberry (Higher (Sambucol) Nature) see Echinacea Liquid; Black elderberry (berry extract) 1.9g, zinc (as gluconate) 1.3mg, vitamin Elderberry (HealthAid) C 55mg. Liquid; Elderberry extract 1:3 (equiv. of Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. 330mg of elderberry herb in 1ml). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Sambucol® Original Formula (Sambucol) Liquid; Black elderberry (berry extract) Immune + (Higher Nature) 1.9g. Tablets; 40mg black elderberry Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. standardised extract (2% total flavanoids),

ELDERBERRY see Elder

ELECAMPANE Inula helenium

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Medicinal Parts: Dried or fresh worm infestations (roundworm, 9 rhizome. threadworm, hookworm, whipworm) , stomach ulcers, menstrual complaints, Indications: headaches28. Principal: Bronchitis, coughs, bronchial catarrh, dry irritating cough Contraindications: Hypersensitivity in children9, 28, 45, 131. to other plants in the Asteraceae Others: Urinary tract infections, family9, pregnancy, lactation28, 45.

~ 52 ~ ephedra

Side-effects: Occasional allergic Dose: Three times daily: Dried root, reactions28, 45. 1.5-3 gm in decoction; liquid extract (1:1, 25% ethanol), 1-2 ml; tincture Drug interactions: Hypoglycaemic & (1:5, 25% ethanol), 3-5 ml45. antihypertensive treatment9.

EPHEDRA Ephedra sinica

Family: Ephedraceae Side-effects: Headache, dizziness, Medicinal Parts: Young canes, dried irritability, motor restlessness, rhizome with roots. sleeplessness, urinary disorders, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, cardiac ¶¶ Indications : arrhythmias, myocardial infarction, Principal: Asthma, allergies, nasal haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke, congestion, related upper respiratory seizures28, 133. symptoms14, 28, 132, 134. Major: Bronchitis, hayfever, colds28, Drug interactions: 134. Contraindicated: Isocarbixazid, Others: Weight gain133, decreased cyclopropane, halothane, selegiline, libido14. rasagiline. Major risk: Iproniazid, MAOIs, Cautions: For short term use only due procarbazine, pargyline, nialamide, 28, 133 to danger of addiction . furazolidine, tranylcypromine, phenelzine, caffeine. Contraindications : Diabetes, Moderate risk: Guanethidine, heart disease, hypertension, iobenguane, bethanidine, hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, theophylline, sodium bicarbonate and individuals under 18 years, anorexia, other antacids. bulimia, states of anxiety and Potential interactions: restlessness, insomnia, depression, Antihypertensives, cardiac suicidal tendency, mental, emotional glycosides, corticosteroids, digoxin, or behavioural disorders, stomach NSAIDs, phenylpropanolamine, ulcers, pheochromocytoma, angle- pseudoephedrine, reserpine14, 28, 134. closure glaucoma, use before or during strenuous exercise, use with Dose: Depends in the alkaloids 28 other stimulants . content in the form used. Ephedra is administered as a comminuted herb, ¶¶ Ephedra has become liable to abuse as a as well as other galenic preparations stimulant and slimming aid. The US FDA for internal use28. banned all the dietary supplements containing ephedrine alkaloids28.

~ 53 ~ eucalyptus

EUCALYPTUS Eucalyptus globulus

Family: Myrtaceae Dose: Internal: Dried leaf in infusion, Medicinal Parts: Oil extracted from 4-6 gm daily, average single dose 2g; fresh leaves and branch tips; dried Tincture (1:5 in 45% ethanol), 5-20 leaves. ml daily19.

Indications: Alito Fresco e Balsamico (Sella) Principal: Infections of the upper Spray; Eucalyptus, aniseed, lemon, respiratory tract including common common sage, thyme. Local Distributor: Premier HealthCare cold, catarrh, bronchitis, sore throat, 5, 8, 9, 19, 28 sinusitis, asthma . Altacura® Broncotuss (Alta Care) see Major: Rheumatism, wounds, burns, Meadowsweet ulcers (topically)5, 19, 28. Minor: Insect repellant5, 28. Ivy-Thyme Complex (A.Vogel) see Thyme Jointace Gel (Vitabiotics) see Ginger Cautions: Eucalyptus may interfere with hypoglycaemic control in Jointace Patch (Vitabiotics) see Ginger diabetics28. Mucovit® Sciroppo Adulti (Erba Vita) see Contraindications: Eucalyptus Grindelia oil: should not be administered Mucovit® Sciroppo Bambini (Erba Vita) internally to children, people with see Grindelia inflammatory GI tract disease or impaired liver function or during Natural Herbal Inhalant Oil (Numark) pregnancy19; should not be applied Oil; Eucalyptus leaf oil, peppermint oil, to the face, especially of infants and cajuput oil, juniper berry oil, clove oil. young children because of the risk of Local Distributor: Premier HealthCare bronchospasm and irritation28. Neem Cream (A.Vogel) see Neem

19 Side-effects: GI upset (nausea, Neem Oil (A.Vogel) see Neem vomiting), burning epigastric pain, esophagitis,diarrhoea may occur Neuralta® Migren (Alta Care) see occasionaly28; urticaria, contact Peppermint dermatitis, skin irritation with topical Pectovit® (Erba Vita) see Grindelia application5. Potter’s Decongestant Pastilles (Potter’s) Drug interactions: CNS depressants, Pastilles; Eucalyptus oil 0.6%v/w, menthol drugs metabolized by CYP 450, 0.8% w/w. hypoglycaemic agents5, 28. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

~ 54 ~ evening primrose

Tea Tree & Witch Hazel Cream (Lanes) Vapour Rub (Numark) see Witch Hazel Cream; Eucalyptus globulus leaf oil, turpentine, menthol. Local Distributor: Premier HealthCare

EVENING PRIMROSE Oenothera biennis

Family: Onagraceae phenothiazine medications28. Medicinal Parts: Fixed oil from the seed. Drug interactions: Oral anticoagulants, antiplatelets, Indications: phenothiazines5, 28, 137. Internal Principal: Atopic eczema135, Dose***: mastalgia136, 5, 9, 28, 137. Atopic eczema: Adults 4-8 gm daily in Major: PMS, menopausal symptoms, divided doses; Pediatrics 2-4 gm daily perimenopausal hot flushes, ADHD in divided doses. in children, high cholesterol levels138, Mastalgia: 3-4 gm daily in divided chronic fatigue syndrome, diabetes5, 9, doses28. 14, 28, 137. Minor: Rheumatoid arthritis139, Cardiosterol® Krill (Alta Care) hypertension, thrombosis, Capsules; Omega 3, gelatin, glycerol, autoimmune disease such as multiple EPO, water, astaxanthin. Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. sclerosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon139, 5, 9, 19, 28 . Cardiosterol® SLO (Alta Care) Others: Asthma, whooping cough, GI Capsules; Omega 3, shark liver oil (20% disorders5. alkylglycerols), EPO (71% omega 6 & External omega 9). For the relief of dry or inflamed Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. 137 skin . Chalet® Hair Stimulant (Alta Care) see Saw Palmetto Contraindications: Patients with epilepsy5, 28, 135. Ellegyn® Cysti (Alta Care) see Cranberry

Side-effects: Mild GI effects such Evening Primrose (HealthAid) Cream, lotion; Sweet almond oil, evening as nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, primrose, rosemary oil, geranium oil. flatulence & bloating5, 9, 28; seizures in schizophrenic patients that *** Treatment with EPO may require up to 3 were treated with EPO along with months duration before positive results are attained for all indications listed above28.

~ 55 ~ evening primrose

Soap; EPO, lavender, ylang-ylang. 9mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Local Distributor: Natural Remedies

Evening Primrose 500mg (Quest) Evening Primrose Oil 500mg High Capsules; EPO 500mg, providing 10% Strength (Vega) GLA. Capsules; Evening primrose seed oil Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. 500mg (providing GLA 9.5% 47.5mg), vitamin E 10mg. Evening Primrose 1000mg (Quest) Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Capsules; EPO 1000mg, providing 10% Ltd. GLA. Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. Evening Primrose Oil 1000mg (HealthAid) Evening Primrose Oil (Arkopharma) Capsules; EPO 1000mg, which provides: Capsules; Pure first cold pressed EPO GLA 100mg (min. GLA 10%), vitamin E 520mg. 20mg. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Evening Primrose Oil (HealthAid) Evening Primrose Oil 1000mg Oil; Pure EPO 1000mg (10% GLA). (Healthlife) Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Capsules; EPO 1000mg of which GLA 80mg, vitamin E 10mg. Evening Primrose Oil 500mg (HealthAid) Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Capsules; EPO 500mg, which provides: GLA 50mg (min. GLA 10%), vitamin E Evening Primrose Oil 1000mg 10mg. (Lamberts) Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Capsules; EPO 1000mg providing 84mg GLA, vitamin E 10mg. Evening Primrose Oil 500mg (Lamberts) Local Distributor: Health Plus Capsules; EPO 500mg, vitamin E 10mg, GLA 45mg. Evening Primrose Oil 1000mg (Numark) Local Distributor: Health Plus Capsules; EPO 1000mg of which GLA 80mg. Evening Primrose Oil 500mg (Numark) Local Distributor: Premier HealthCare Capsules; EPO 500mg of which GLA 43mg. Evening Primrose Oil 1000mg Extra Local Distributor: Premier HealthCare High Strength (Vega) Capsules; Evening primrose seed oil Evening Primrose Oil 500mg (Power 1000mg (providing GLA 9.5% 95mg), Health) vitamin E 10mg. Capsules; EPO 500mg. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Ltd.

Evening Primrose Oil 500mg (Solgar) Evening Primrose Oil 1300mg Softgels; EPO 500mg providing: linoleic (HealthAid) acid 365mg, gamma linolenic acid (GLA) Capsules; EPO 1300mg, vitamin E 50mg, oleic acid 35mg, palmitic acid 13.4mg, which provides: cis-linoleic acid 30mg, other fatty acids 20mg, vitamin E (73%) 949mg, GLA 130mg, oleic acid

~ 56 ~ eyebright

(7.5%) 98mg, other fatty acids (10%) 280mg, GLA 80mg, fish oil concentrate 130mg. 250mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd.

Evening Primrose Oil Formula (Vega) One A Day Pure Cod Liver Oil Plus Capsules; Evening primrose seed oil Evening Primrose (Seven Seas) powder 33% 250mg (min. 10% GLA), Capsules; 650mg cod oil blend providing green tea leaf extract 30mg (min. 40% 200mg omega-3 nutrients of which 162mg polyphenols), magnesium oxide 30mg, EPA & DHA, 200mg EPO of which vitamin C (as calcium ascorbate) 30mg, 15.2mg GLA, 5mcg vitamin D. vitamin E 20mg, niacin 18mg, zinc 7.5mg, Local Distributor: Associated Drug Co. iron 7mg, pantothenic acid 6mg, vitamin Ltd. B6 4mg, beta carotene 2.4mg, vitamin B2 1.6mg, vitamin B1 1.4mg, manganese Organic Optimum Oil (FSC) see Flaxseed 0.25mg, folate 200mcg, iodine 150mcg, selenium 100mcg, copper 50mcg, vitamin Premenstrual Formula (Vega) see Oats D2 5mcg, vitamin B12 1mcg. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Pure Evening Primrose Oil (Efamol) Ltd. Capsules; Pure EPO 1000mg of which GLA 115mg, vitamin E 10mg. Evening Primrose Oil with Starflower Oil Local Distributor: Vivian Corporation 1000mg (Lamberts) Capsules; EPO and starflower oil 1000mg, Pure Evening Primrose Oil (Seven Seas) GLA 120mg, vitamin E 10mg. Capsules; EPO 1000mg providing 74mg Local Distributor: Health Plus GLA, Vitamin E 6.7mg. Local Distributor: Associated Drug Co. Nicosolven® Astaxanthin (Alta Care) Ltd. Capsules; Omega 3 (449.5mg), gelatin (139.0mg), glycerol (53.9mg), EPO Royal 3 (HealthAid) (50.0mg), water (9.65mg), astaxanthin Capsules; EPO 500mg, Korean ginseng (0.5mg). extract (5:1) 250mg, royal jelly (natural) Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. 150mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Omega 3 & 6 (Quest) Capsules; EPO 500mg of which LA Wellwoman (Vitabiotics) see Starflower

EYEBRIGHT Euphrasia officinalis

Family: Scrophulariaceae blepharitis, conjunctivitis, stye, Medicinal Parts: The flowering eye fatigue symptoms, eye strain, plant. oversensitivity to light, weeping eyes, functional eye disorders of muscular 9, 28 Indications: & nervous origin . 28 Principal: Eye complaints including Others: Cough, hoarseness .

~ 57 ~ fennel

Cautions/Contraindications: None Eyebright (HealthAid) known. Liquid; Eyebright extract 1:3 (equiv. of 330mg of eyebright herb in 1ml). Tablets; Eyebright extract powder (4:1) Side-effects: None known following 138mg equiv. to 550mg of powder, raw the proper administration of eyebright powder 250mg. designated therapeutic dosages. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Drug interactions: None known. EyeVit (HealthAid) Prolonged release tablets; Eyebright 120mg, alfalfa 50mg, rutin 25mg, Dose: L-glutamine 60mg, L-cysteine 25mg, Dried herb: 2-4 gm or by infusion 3 bioflavenoids 30mg, vitamin A 751mcg, times daily. beta-carotene 3mg, vitamin D 2.5mcg, Liquid extract: (1:1 in 25% alcohol) vitamin E 16.8mg, vitamin C 50mg, 2-4 ml 3 times daily. riboflavin 25mg, niacin 30mg, zinc 1.4mg, Tincture: (1:5 in 45% alcohol) 2-6 ml selenium 25mcg. 3 times daily9. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Organic Aloe Vera (dr.organic®) see Aloe Vera

FENNEL Foeniculum vulgare

Family: Umbelliferae conjunctivitis, blepharitis (as an eye Medicinal Parts: Seeds, oil extracted wash), sore throat, pharyngitis (as a from ripe fruit and dried ripe fruit. gargle)19, 28.

Indications: Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Internal to other plants of the Umbelliferae Principal: Dyspeptic complaints family, pregnancy, pediatrics19, 28. including flatulence, infantile colic, eructation, sluggish digestion, appetite Side-effects: Cross sensitivity among suppressant, feeling of fullness14, 19, 28, patients with celery allergy28, allergic 140, 141. reactions of the skin and respiratory Major: Cough, bronchitis, catarrh of tract19. the upper respiratory tract14, 19, 28, 141. Minor: Anorexia, amenorrhoea, Drug interactions: Ciprofloxacin63, dysmenorrhoea, to stimulate milk 143. flow in nursing mothers19. External Dose: Daily dose: 5-7 gm drug; 10-20 Principal: Idiopathic hirsutism142, gm fennel syrup or fennel honey,

~ 58 ~ fenugreek or 5-7.5 gm of compound fennel Coloclear Extra (Higher Nature) see tincture19. Flaxseed

® 2-Day DetoxPlan (HealthAid) see Milk Erbalax Delicato Capsule (Erba Vita) Thistle see Rhubarb

® 4.3.2.1 Performance Detox (Arkopharma) Erbalax Forte Compresse (Erba Vita) see Green Tea see Senna

4.3.2.1 Shape Up Day & Night Finocarbo Plus (Aboca) (Arkopharma) see Green Tea Capsules; Fennel fruits phytocomplex 250mg, chamomile extract 135mg, 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Organic (Arkopharma) charcoal 208mg, caraway fruit see Green Tea phytocomplex 110mg, cumin fruit phytocomplex 80mg, essential oils of Altadrine® Lipodrainer (Alta Care) see fennel and mint 25mg. Nettle Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd.

Altaflora® Gastrogel (Alta Care) see Aloe Jointace Gel (Vitabiotics) see Ginger Vera Jointace Patch (Vitabiotics) see Ginger CandawayTM (Lamberts) see Cinnamon Karbofin Forte (ESI) Carbogas (Sella) Capsules; Vegetable coal 150mg, fennel Tablets; Sweet fennel extract, angelica 30mg, chamomile 25mg, fennel oil extract extract, stinging nettle extract. 5mg, anise oil extract 5mg, mint oil Local Distributor: Premier Healthcare extract 5mg. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. CarbonFlor® (Erba Vita) see Aniseed Sollievo (Aboca) see Senna Colic Baby (Erba Vita) see Linden Vegilax® (HealthAid) see Blessed Thistle

FENUGREEK Trigonella foenum-graecum

Family: Leguminosae-Fabaceae Major: Digestive disorders (including Medicinal Parts: Ripe, dried seeds. constipation, dyspepsia & gastritis), gastric ulcers148, loss of appetite149 Indications: especially in convalescence5, 9, 19, 28, to Internal increase milk production19, 150. Principal: Non-insulin Minor: Upper respiratory catarrh19, 150. dependent diabetes mellitus144, Others: Tuberculosis, menopausal 145, hypercholesterolaemia, symptoms151. hyperlipidaemia146, 147, 5, 14, 19, 28.

~ 59 ~ fenugreek

External artichoke extract 50mg, cinnamon extract Principal: Local inflammation, 40mg. wounds, leg ulcers, eczema, burns, Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. 5, 9, 19, 28 boils . Cholestro-Vit Formula (Vega) see Garlic

Cautions: Monitor patients with ColestroforteTM (HealthAid) thyrotoxicosis when using the herb at Tablets; Fenugreek seed powder 100mg, doses above usual dietary intake5. gugulipid extract (3:1) 100mg, artichoke extract (3:1) 50mg, fermented red rice yeast 200mg, inositol hexanicotinate Contraindications: Pregnancy 125mg, pantethine 50mg, chromium (except in small amounts as food 100mcg, L-taurine 50mg, oat bran fiber 5, 9, 19, 28 flavouring) , known allergy to 10mg, soy isoflavone concentrate 100mg. the herb or to chickpeas because of Local Distributor: Galea & Galea possible cross-reactivity5. Coloclear Extra (Higher Nature) see Side-effects: Mild GI symptoms such Flaxseed as diarrhoea & flatulence, rare allergic Fenugreek (Arkopharma) 5, 19 reactions . Capsules; Fenugreek seed powder 495mg. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Drug interactions: Antidiabetic agents, anticoagulants, low molecular Fenugreek (HealthAid) weight heparins, thrombolytic Capsules; Fenugreek seed powder 28, 147 200mg, fenugreek seed extract 100mg agents . (standardised for min 60% saponins). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Dose: Internal: 6 gm of the drug or FootCare Cream (Himalaya) equivalent preparations. Cream; Fenugreek, turmeric, sal tree, External: 50 gm of powdered drug to honey. 19 Local Distributor: Grefed Worldwide 250 ml of water . Trading

4.3.2.1 Shape Up Ultimate (Arkopharma) TestofenTM (Power Herbs) Capsules; Fenugreek extract 100mg, grape Capsules; Fenugreek extract 300mg extract 100mg, bean pod extract 80mg, standardised to 50% fenuside. green tea extract 60mg, maté extract Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. 60mg, kola extract 60mg, green coffee extract 60mg, dandelion extract 50mg,

~ 60 ~ feverfew

FEVERFEW Tanacetum parthenium

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae swelling, glossitis5, 28, 45. Medicinal Parts: Leaf. Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, Indications: thrombolytic agents, antiplatelet Principal: Migraine prophylaxis152, 153, agents, NSAIDs5, 28. 154, arthritis, rheumatic diseases5, 9, 28, 45. Major: Cough, colds, fever, allergies5, Dose: Daily dose: dried herb, 50-200 28. mg (normally in tablets or capsules); Others: Tinnitus, vertigo, toothache, tincture (1:5, 25% ethanol), 5-20 insect bites, asthma, menstrual drops45. disorders, difficulty during labor5, 28, 154. Feverfew (HealthAid) Cautions: Patients on platelet Liquid; Feverfew extract 1:3 (equiv. of 330mg of feverfew herb in 1ml). aggregation inhibitors such as aspirin 28 Tablets; Feverfew powder 250mg and dipyridamole . (standardised for min 0.2% parthenolide). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Contraindications: Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children under 2 years Feverfew Herbal Complex (Vega) of age, hypersensitivity to plants in Capsules; Feverfew leaf powder 240mg, feverfew leaf extract (4:1) 190mg (min. the Asteraceae family5, 28, 45. 2.5% parthenolides) equiv. to 1000mg feverfew leaf herb. Side-effects: Mouth ulcers, GI Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. symptoms, allergic dermatitis, lip

FLAXSEED Linum usitatissimum

Family: Linaceae hypercholesterolaemia5, 9, 28, 155, 156, 157, Medicinal Parts: Oil extracted from 158, arthritis. ††† the seeds . Major: Insulin sensitivity/metabolic syndrome156; Sjogren’s syndrome159; Indications: breast160, colon, & prostate cancer5, 9, Principal: Reduce mortality 28, 158. in coronary heart disease, Minor: Bronchitis, coughs, constipation, irritable colon, ††† The oil should be kept out of direct light and diverticulitis, burns (applied in refrigeration to preserve it; should never be 9, 28 heated as it becomes mutagenic28. externally) .

~ 61 ~ flaxseed

Others: Colons damaged by laxative Bromelain Complex (Vega) see Aloe Vera abuse, gastritis, enteritis, mild rectal inflammation9, 28. Coloclear Extra (Higher Nature) Capsules; High lignan flax 900mg, fennel seed 150mg, fenugreek seed 150mg, Cautions: Overweight people (should liquorice root 90mg, cloves 60mg, aloe only use the whole seeds) due to the vera 30mg, lactobacillus sporogenes 18 considerable caloric content of the million viable organisms. fixed oil28. Local Distributor: Health Plus

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Flax Seed Oil 1000mg (HealthAid) Capsules; Flax seed oil 1000mg, vitamin to other members of the family E 2mg. Compositae, pregnancy, intestinal Local Distributor: Galea & Galea obstruction, stricture of the oesophagus and in the GI area, acute Flax Seed Oil 1000mg (Lamberts) inflammatory illness of the intestine, Capsules; Flax seed oil 1000mg, alpha- oesophagus and stomach entrance5, 9, 28. linolenic acid 500mg, linoleic acid 122mg. Local Distributor: Health Plus

5 Side-effects: Loose stools rarely . Flax Seed Oil 1000mg (Power Health) Capsules; Flax seed oil 1000mg of which Drug interactions: May delay alpha linolenic acid 484mg, vitamin E the absorption of other drugs 10mg. taken simultaneously (flaxseed Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. 28 contains mucilage & cellulose) , ® 158 Linoforce (A.Vogel) anticoagulants, antiplatelets . Granules; 100g typically contains: Linseed 43.03g, senna leaves 12.91g, Dose: alder buckthorn 1.07g, crystallised sucrose Lower cholesterol: 35-50 gm 12.05g, vanilla 0.02g, ginger essence daily of the crushed seed as a fiber 0.02g, excipients to 100g. supplement. Local Distributor: Health Plus Decrease platelet aggregation: 1 to 2 Menopace® Plus (Vitabiotics) see Sage tablespoonfuls flaxseed oil daily. Constipation: 1 dessertspoon of whole Menovital® (HealthAid) see Dong Quai or bruised (not ground) seed with at least 150 ml of liquid 2 to 3 times Omega Excellence Flax Seed Oil 1000mg daily. (Higher Nature) Capsules; Alpha-linolenic acid (omega 3 Topical: 30-50 gm flaxseed flour for a EFA) 329mg, linoleic acid (omega 6 EFA) 28 hot moist cataplasm or compress . 103mg, oleic acid (omega 9 FA) 103mg‡‡‡.

Active Women’s Multivitamins & Minerals (Vega) see Siberian Ginseng ‡‡‡ Flax Seed Oil is rich in omega 3 EFA & alpha-linolenic acid. It also provides the AntiStress (Erba Vita) see Maca omega 6 EFA linoleic acid & oleic acid, and the omega 9 monounsaturated FA.

~ 62 ~ gamboge

Oil; 5ml provides: alpha-linolenic oil, cold water fish omega-3 oil, vitamin E. acid 2890mg, linoleic acid 585mg, Local Distributor: Ruth & Marcel monounsaturates 720mg. Degabriele Local Distributor: Health Plus wellKiD® Smart Chewable (Vitabiotics) Organic Flax Oil (Arkopharma) Tablets; Flaxseed oil powder (providing Capsules; Organic flax seed oil 500mg. 20% omega-3 fatty acids) 114mg, vitamin Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. A 400mcg, vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin E 10mg, vitamin C 40mg, vitamin B1 Organic Optimum Oil (FSC) 0.9mg, vitamin B2 0.8mg, vitamin Capsules; Omega 3, 6 and 9 essential B3 9mg, vitamin B6 0.7mg, folic acid fatty acids in the ratio 2:1:1 by blending 200mcg, vitamin B12 3mcg, biotin certified organic flaxseed, sunflower, 25mcg, pantothenic acid 4mg, magnesium evening primrose and sesame seed oils. 75mg, iron 7mg, zinc 7.5mg, copper Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. 100mcg, manganese 0.2mg, selenium 20mcg, chromium 10mcg, iodine 75mcg. Tri-Omega EFA (Sci-MX) Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Capsules; Flaxseed oil, EPO, blackcurrant

GAMBOGE Garcinia hanburyi

Family: Guttiferae Drug interactions: Digoxin, Medicinal Parts: Resin extracted warfarin, diuretics, stimulant from the plant. laxatives, corticosteroids161.

Indications: Digestive disorders, Dose: The appropriate dose of particularly constipation28, 161. gamboge depends on several factors such as the user’s age, health, and Contraindications: Pregnancy, several other conditions. There is breastfeeding, stomach pain, ulcers not enough scientific information to or obstruction, Crohn’s disease, determine an appropriate range of ulcerative colitis, appendicitis161. doses for gamboge28, 161.

Side-effects: Abdominal pain, vomiting28, 161.

~ 63 ~ garlic

GARLIC Allium sativum

Family: Liliaceae ACE inhibitors, alcohol, Medicinal Parts: Whole fresh bulb, chlorzoxazone, isoniazid, protease dried bulb, oil of garlic. inhibitors, saquinavir5, 14, 28, 167.

Indications: Dose: Average daily dose: 4 gm of Principal: Hypertension, garlic or 8 gm of essential oil. One hypercholesterolaemia, arteriosclerosis fresh garlic clove, 1 to 2 times daily28. & atherosclerosis, diabetes with hyperlipidaemia, peripheral arterial Active Mature 50+ (Vega) see Aloe Vera occlusive disease5, 8, 9, 28, 45, 162, 163, 164, 167. Arthur’s Formula Ltd (Power Health) see Major : Infections including Devil’s Claw tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, vaginitis, Helicobacter Cardiohealth Formula (Vega) pylori infection165, common cold Capsules; Deodorised garlic clove extract prevention166, colorectal cancer162, 5, 10:1 equiv. to herb 500mg (min. 0.5% 28, 167. allicin content), bilberry fruit extract Minor: Respiratory infections and 4:1 equiv. to herb 100mg (min. 20% anthocyanadins), vitamin C 60mg, vitamin catarrhal conditions, whooping cough, E 40mg, L-taurine 25mg, pantothenic bronchitis, GI ailments particularly acid 12mg, cayenne fruit powder 12mg, digestive disorders with flatulence and chinese red yeast 10mg, grape seed extract GI spasms5, 28, 45. 10mg (min. 95% polyphenols), N,N- Others: Menstrual pains, corns, dimethylglycine 10mg, soy isoflavones calluses, otitis, muscle pain, neuralgia, concentrate 10mg, niacin 9mg, vitamin B6 28, 45 8mg, zinc 7.5mg, iron 7mg, beta carotene arthritis, sciatica . 4.8mg, vitamin B2 2.8mg, vitamin B1 2.8mg, alpha lipoic acid 2mg, co-enzyme Cautions/Contraindications: Q10 2mg, pine bark extract 2mg (min. Garlic may increase risk of bleeding 70% proanthocyanadins), folate 800mcg, and should be discontinued at least manganese 0.5mcg, selenium 200mcg, 10 days before elective surgery, copper 100mcg, vitamin B12 4mcg. 5, 8, 28 Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons breastfeeding . Ltd.

Side-effects: Breath & body odour8, Cardiosterol® Garlic + Co. Q10 (Alta allergic reaction, nausea, heartburn, Care) flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea5, Capsules; Garlic oily macerate 9, 28. 501mg, gelatin 82.1mg, water 13.9mg, ubidecarenone 10.3mg. Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. Drug interactions: Anticoagulants particularly warfarin, antiplatelets,

~ 64 ~ garlic

Cholestro-Vit Formula (Vega) Hawthorn Compound (Power Herbs) see Capsules; Deodorised garlic clove extract Buckwheat 10:1 equiv. to herb 500mg (min. 0.5% allicin content), oat bran 100mg, chinese HeartMaxTM (HealthAid) see Grapeseed red yeast 50mg, fenugreek seed extract 4:1 equiv to herb 50mg, soya lecithin powder Hi-Garlic Perles Odourless (Power 25mg, vitamin C 60mg, choline bitartrate Health) 25mg, inositol 25mg, L-methionine 25mg, Capsules; Deodorised garlic oil 2mg. pantothenic acid 12mg, niacin 9mg, Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. vitamin B6 8mg, zinc 7.5mg, iron 7mg, vitamin B2 3.2mg, vitamin B1 2.8mg, Kyolic Garlic 1000 (Quest) vitamin B12 4mcg, manganese 0.5mg, Tablets; Aged garlic extract 1000mg. folate 800mcg, selenium 200mcg, copper Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. 100mcg. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Multigluco Tolerance Factor (Vega) see Ltd. Ginkgo

Cranberry Plus Formula (Vega) see Odourless Garlic (Healthlife) Cranberry Capsules; Odourless garlic powder 2mg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Garlic (Wassen) Tablets; Garlic granules 320mg which Odourless Garlic (NutraHealth) typically provides 1600mcg of allicin Capsules; Odourless garlic oil 2mg. (equiv. to 960mg of fresh garlic). Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Odourless Garlic Gems (FSC) Garlic Extra High Strength (Deodorised) Capsules; Odourless garlic 2mg. (Vega) Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Capsules; Deodorised garlic standardised clove extract (10:1) 150mg (min. allicin Odourless Garlic Pearls (Numark) content 750mcg) providing fresh garlic Capsules; Garlic oil 2mg. bulb 1500mg, Vega Phytoantioxidant Local Distributor: Premier HealthCare BaseTM 260mg providing antioxidants and prebiotics: apple and mixed wild berries One A Day Pure Cod Liver Oil Plus concentrate 8:1 equiv. to herb 416mg, Garlic (Seven Seas) prebiotic acacia gum 208mg. Capsules; 800mg cod liver oil blend Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons providing 160mg omega-3 nutrients of Ltd. which 120mg EPA & DHA, 6mg garlic extract, 5mcg vitamin D. Garlic Max 4000 (HealthAid) Local Distributor: Associated Drug Co. Capsules; 40mg pure garlic extract. Ltd. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Super Strength Supergar 8000 (Higher Garlic Oil (Solgar) Nature) Softgels; Garlic oil concentrate 1mg from Tablets; 500mg extra high allicin garlic approx 500mg fresh garlic bulbs in a (providing 8000ppm allicin, 20,000ppm natural base of safflower oil. alliin and 8500ppm thiosulfinates). Local Distributor: Natural Remedies Local Distributor: Health Plus

~ 65 ~ gentian

Swiss Garlic (A.Vogel) Wellman (Vitabiotics) see Siberian Capsules; 270mg rapeseed oil extract Ginseng of fresh garlic, equiv. to 270mg of fresh garlic. Whole Bulb Garlic (FSC) Local Distributor: Health Plus Capsules; Dried garlic 300mg equiv. to fresh garlic 1070mg. Triple G - Ginseng, Ginkgo, Garlic Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. (Power Health) see Ginseng Korean

GENTIAN Gentiana lutea

Family: Gentianaceae 5, 9, 28, 45 Medicinal Parts: Root and rhizome. Side-effects: Headache , nausea & vomiting with high doses5. Indications: Principal: Dyspepsia, flatulence5, 9, 28, Drug interactions: None known. 45. Major: Loss of appetite5, 9, 28, 45. Dose: Average daily dose: 1 gm of Others: Anorexia, GI atony9, 45. the drug; daily dose: 2-4 gm. Average daily dose of tincture: 1-4 ml 3 times Cautions: Pregnancy5. daily. Liquid extract: 2-4 gm; root 2-4 gm28. Contraindications: Stomach or duodenal ulcers5, 9, 28, 45. Kalms (Lanes) see Valerian

GERANIUM see Cranesbill

GINGER Zingiber officinale

Family: Zingiberaceae pregnancy168, 169, 170, postoperative Medicinal Parts: Rhizome. nausea171, chemotherapy-induced nausea172, 173. Indications: Major: Dyspeptic complaints, Principal: Sore throat, upper osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis174, respiratory tract infections, motion migraine175, anorexia5, 28, 45, 177. sickness, morning sickness in Minor: Colds, shortness of breath28.

~ 66 ~ ginger

Others: Primary dysmenorrhoea176, Ginger (Arkopharma) mastitis (externally)5. Capsules; Ginger root powder 365mg. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd.

Cautions: Gastric ulcers or reflux, Ginger (Lamberts) gallstones, children under 6 years, Capsules; Ginger root 14,400mg pregnancy. Suspend use of high dose (provided by 120mg of a 120:1 extract). supplements (>10g) 1 week before Local Distributor: Health Plus major surgery5. Ginger (Quest) Tablets; Ginger root extract 250mg, Side-effects: Gastric irritation, providing gingerols & essential oils. heartburn, bloating, contact dermatitis Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. with topical use5. Ginger Root (HealthAid) Drug interactions: Anticoagulants Liquid; Ginger root 1:3 (equiv. of 330mg (warfarin), antiplatelets, thrombolytic of ginger root herb in 1ml). agents, nifedipine5, 28, 177. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Ginger Root Extract (HealthAid) Dose: Tablets; Standardised ginger root extract Liquid extract (1:2): 0.7-2.0 ml/day. (4:1) 138mg (standardised to contain at Dried root: 1-3 gm daily in divided least 5% ginerols extract) equiv. to 550mg doses or 1-2 gm taken as a single dose of ginger root powder. for nausea and vomiting. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Infusion: 4-6 slices of fresh ginger Ginger Root (Zingiber officinale) 280mg steeped in boiling water for 30 (Power Herbs) minutes5. Capsules; Ground ginger root 280mg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. AllergforteTM (HealthAid) see Nettle Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) see Altasterol® Stimulant (Alta Care) Guarana Ampoules; Hydroglycerin extracts of: ginger extract, wild yam extract, red vine Jointace Chondroitin (Vitabiotics) leaf extract, fructose, guarana powder, Tablets; Ginger root extract equiv. to acerola extract, vanilla flavour, ginseng 40mg, glucosamine sulphate 500mg, root, vitamin C, cinnamon essential oil, chondroitin sulphate 200mg, vitamin D3 black pepper essential oil. 5mcg, vitamin E 20mg, vitamin C 30mg, Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. folic acid 200mcg, vitamin B12 10mcg, zinc 5mg, manganese 2mg, copper 0.5mg, Echinacea Plus Ginseng & Astragalus selenium 60mcg. Herbal Complex (Vega) see Echinacea Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

Femmevit® (HealthAid) see Starflower Jointace Collagen (Vitabiotics) Tablets; Ginger root extract equiv. to Gastro-Vit Formula (Vega) see Aloe Vera 40mg, glucosamine sulphate 500mg, chondroitin sulphate 50mg, vitamin D3

~ 67 ~ ginkgo

5mcg, vitamin E 20mg, vitamin C 30mg, omega-3 fish oil 700mg (providing EPA folic acid 200mcg, vitamin B12 10mcg, 170mg, DHA 115mg), cod liver oil 300mg zinc 5mg, manganese 2mg, copper 0.5mg, (providing EPA 20mg, DHA 30mg), selenium 60mcg, collagen 150mg. vitamin A 400mcg, vitamin D 5mcg, Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. vitamin E 10mg, ginger extract 3.5mg, pineapple juice concentrate 1466mg, Jointace Fizz (Vitabiotics) orange juice concentrate 353mg, medium Effervescent tablets; Glucosamine chain triglycerides 0.2mg. sulphate 500mg, chondroitin 100mg, Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons vitamin C 60mg, magnesium 50mg, Ltd. ginger extract 40mg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. MSM Glucosamine Joint Complex (Higher Nature) see Celery Jointace Gel (Vitabiotics) Gel; Ginger oil, eucalyptus oil, sweet No-Gas® enzimi (Giuliani) orange oil, clove oil, lavender oil, fennel Tablets; Passionflower, German oil, menthol, glucosamine sulphate, chamomile, ginger. chondroitin sulphate. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. SiberSlimTM (HealthAid) see Siberian Jointace Patch (Vitabiotics) Ginseng Patches; Ginger oil, eucalyptus oil, sweet orange oil, clove oil, lavender oil, fennel Slim-Rite (HealthAid) see Alfalfa oil, menthol, glucosamine sulphate, chondroitin sulphate. VeinTain® (Lamberts) Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Capsules; Ginger 3600mg, ginkgo biloba 3000mg (providing 14.4mg JointCare Sport (HealthAid) see Ginseng flavonglycosides), cinnamon bark Korean 1500mg. Local Distributor: Health Plus JointWise (Vega) Syrup; Glucosamine hydrochloride V-VeinTM (HealthAid) see Horse Chestnut 500mg, chondroitin sulphate 100mg,

GINKGO Ginkgo biloba

Family: Ginkgoaceae Major: Acute ischaemic stroke180, Medicinal Parts: Leaf, seeds generalized anxiety disorder181, separated from the fleshy outer layer. peripheral vascular disease including intermittent claudication & Raynaud’s Indications: syndrome5, 28, 179, 182. Principal: Mild to moderate dementia Minor: Vertigo, tinnitus, sudden of the Alzheimer type178, memory deafness5, 183. loss5, 9, 14, 19, 28, 179. Others: Macular degeneration,

~ 68 ~ ginkgo glaucoma, retinopathy, prevention Active Mature 50+ (Vega) see Aloe of altitude sickness, PMS, asthma, Vera sexual dysfunction, cancer prevention5. Brain Fuel Formula (Vega) Capsules; Ginkgo biloba leaf extract 50:1 equiv. to herb 500mg (min. 24% Cautions: If unusual bleeding or ginkgoflavonglycosides, 6% terpene bruising occurs stop use immediately, lactones), bilberry fruit extract 4:1 equiv. history of convulsive disorders, to herb 100mg (min. 20% anthocyanadins), suspend use for 1 week prior to major siberian ginseng root extract (10:1) 100mg surgery5, 28. (min 0.8% eleutherosides), vitamin C 60mg, choline bitartrate 50mg, inositol 50mg, L-glutamic acid 50mg, L-glutamine Contraindications: Hypersensitivity 28 50mg, L-phenylalanine 50mg, L-tyrosine to the herb or any of its constituents , 50mg, niacin 36mg, pantothenic acid 5 pregnancy . 12mg, zinc 7.5mg, iron 7mg, acetyl L-carnitine 5mg, alpha lipoic acid 5mg, Side-effects: GI upset, headache, vitamin B6 4mg, vitamin B2 3.2mg, dizziness5, 9, 28. vitamin B1 2.8mg, vitamin B12 2mcg, folate 400mcg, manganese 0.25 mg, selenium 100mcg, copper 50mcg. Drug interactions: Aminoglycosides, Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. antiplatelets, antiepileptics, benzodiazepines, calcium-channel Brainvit® (HealthAid) see Brahmi blockers, ciclosporin, cisplatin, Cellulite Formula (Vega) doxorubicin, haloperidol, insulin, Capsules; Ginkgo biloba leaf extract NSAIDs, phenobarbital, propranolol, 50:1 equiv. to herb 500mg (min. 24% protease inhibitors, proton pump ginkgoflavonglycosides, 6% terpene inhibitors, risperidone, St. John’s lactones), bilberry fruit extract 4:1 equiv. Wort, theophylline, tolbutamide, to herb 100mg (min. 20% anthocyanadins), trazodone, valerian, warfarin and kelp seaweed powder 60mg (providing related drugs5, 28, 179. min. 0.1% iodine), acetyl L-carnitine 60mg, potassium 60mg, vitamin C 60mg, choline bitartrate 30mg, inositol 30mg, Dose: niacin 18mg, L-arginine 10mg, L-lysine Asthma: 40 mg three times daily. 10mg, L-methionine 10mg, L-tyrosine Dementia & memory impairment: 10mg, PABA 10mg, pantothenic acid 120-240 mg standardised extract daily 6mg, vitamin B6 2mg, vitamin B2 1.6mg, in divided doses. vitamin B1 1.4mg, vitamin B12 1mcg, manganese 0.25mg, folate 200mcg, biotin Intermittent claudication, vertigo: 150mcg, selenium 100mcg, copper 50mcg. 120-320 mg standardised extract daily Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. in divided doses. Normal tension glaucoma: 120 mg Centrum Performance (Centrum) standardised extract daily5. Tablets; Vitamin A 800mcg, vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin E 26.8mg, vitamin C 120mg, vitamin B1 4.2mg, vitamin B2

~ 69 ~ ginkgo

4.8mg, vitamin B6 6mg, vitamin B12 (provided by 120mg of a 50:1 extract), 18mcg, folic acid 400mcg, niacin 36mg, flavonglycosides 28.8mg, ginkgolides A, B biotin 40mcg, panthothenic acid 10mg, and C and bilobalide 7.2mg. vitamin K 25mcg, calcium 100mg, Local Distributor: Health Plus phosphorus 48mg, iron 14mg, magnesium 45mg, zinc 7.5mg, iodine 150mcg, copper Ginkgo Biloba (A.Vogel) 700mcg, manganese 4mg, potassium Liquid; Tinctures of fresh ginkgo biloba 80mg, chloride 72mg, chromium 120mcg, leaves, extract in alcohol (66% v/v). molybdenum 75mcg, selenium 70mcg, Local Distributor: Health Plus ginkgo biloba extract 60mg, ginseng extract 50mg. Ginkgo Biloba (HealthAid) Local Distributor: Vivian Corporation Liquid; Ginkgo biloba extract 1:4 (equiv. of 250mg of ginkgo biloba herb) in 1ml. Echinacea Plus Ginseng & Astragalus Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Herbal Complex (Vega) see Echinacea Ginkgo Biloba (NatraHealth) Efalex (Efamol) Tablets; Ginkgo biloba standardised Capsules, liquid; Fish oil (of which extract equiv. to 6000mg, providing omega-3 nutrients, DHA, EPA), ginkgo 28.8mg ginkgo flavonglycosides, 7.2mg biloba standardised leaf extract (providing terpene lactones. 24% ginkgoflavone bilobalides), Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. phosphatidlyserine, vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin B12. Ginkgo Biloba (Quest) Local Distributor: Vivian Corporation Tablets; Ginkgo biloba leaf extract 150mg, providing ginkgo flavonglycosides 36mg, Efalex Active 50+ (Efamol) ginkgolides A, B & C 4.5mg, bilobalide Capsules; Fish oil (of which omega-3 3.8mg. nutrients, DHA, EPA), ginkgo biloba Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. standardised leaf extract (providing 24% ginkgoflavone glycosides, 8% gingkolide Ginkgo Biloba 500mg (FSC) and bilobalides), phosphatidlyserine, Tablets; Ginkgo biloba leaf extract equiv. vitamin E, folic acid, vitamin B12. to dried herb powder 250mg, ginkgo Local Distributor: Vivian Corporation biloba dried herb powder 250mg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Gericaps® Active (HealthAid) see Ginseng Korean Ginkgo Biloba Herbal Complex (Vega) Capsules; Ginkgo biloba leaf powder Gincosan (Pharmaton) 400mg, ginkgo biloba leaf extract (50:1) Capsules; Standardised ginkgo biloba 60mg (min. 24% ginkgoflavonglycosides extract, standardised Panax Ginseng & 6% terpene lactones). extract. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. Local Distributor: Vivian Corporation Ginkgo Biloba Leaf 180mg (Power Herbs) Ginkgo (Arkopharma) Capsules; Ginkgo biloba leaf powder Capsules; Ginkgo leaf powder 250mg. 180mg. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

Ginkgo 6000mg (Lamberts) Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract (Solgar) Tablets; Ginkgo biloba leaves 6000mg Vegicaps; Standardised ginkgo biloba leaf

~ 70 ~ ginkgo powdered extract 90mg (providing 21.6mg acid 18mg, zinc 15mg, iron 14mg, vitamin [24%] ginkgoflavoglycosides, 5.4mg [6%] B6 6mg, vitamin B2 4.8mg, vitamin B1 terpene lactones), raw ginkgo biloba leaf 4.2mg, folate 600mcg, manganese 0.5mg, powder 45mg, PhytO2X ä (powdered selenium 200mcg, copper 100mcg, vitamin blend of beta-carotene prep. and ascorbic K 100mcg, vitamin B12 10mcg. acid). Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. Local Distributor: Natural Remedies Mega Potency Ginkgo 6000 (Higher GinkoVitalTM (HealthAid) Nature) Capsules; Ginkgo biloba (50:1) extract Tablets; 120mg ginkgo biloba guaranteed 100mg (equiv. to 5000mg of ginkgo biloba standardised extract 50:1 providing powder) standardised to 24% flavones minimum: 24% ginkgo flavones glycosides & 6% terpine lactones. glycosides, 6% terpene lactones Local Distributor: Galea & Galea (ginkgolides A, B, C & bilobalides). Local Distributor: Health Plus Ginkgo Vital 3TM (HealthAid) see Siberian Ginseng Memory Plus Formula (Vega) Capsules; Ginkgo biloba leaf extract Goldcare 50+ (Vitabiotics) 50:1 equiv. to herb 500mg (min. 24% Capsules; Ginkgo biloba extract 10mg, ginkgoflavonglycosides, 6% terpene vitamin D 10mcg, vitamin E 20mg, lactones), bacopa leaf extract 150mg (min. vitamin C 80mg, vitamin B1 12mg, 20% bacosides), soy lecithin powder vitamin B2 5mg, vitamin B3 20mg, 67mg, choline bitartrate 50mg, inositol vitamin B6 20mg, folic acid 500mcg, 50mg, niacin 36mg, acetyl L-carnitine vitamin B12 20mcg, pantothenic acid 30mg, alpha lipoic acid 30mg, L-glutamic 10mg, iron 6mg, magnesium 75mg, zinc acid 30mg, L-glutamine 30mg, L-tyrosine 15mg, iodine 130mcg, manganese 2mg, 30mg, pantothenic acid 12mg, vitamin copper 1mg, boron 1mg, chromium B6 4mg, vitamin B2 3.2mg, vitamin B1 100mcg, selenium 150mcg, citrus 2.8mg, folate 400mcg, manganese 0.25mg, bioflavonoids 16mg, natural mixed selenium 100mcg, copper 50mcg, vitamin carotenoids 3mg. B12 2mcg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd.

HaemoVit Liquid GoldTM (HealthAid) see Multi Antioxidant Complex (Vega) Sarsaparilla Capsules; Ginkgo biloba leaf extract 50:1 equiv. to herb 500mg, green tea leaf Hematinic Blood Co-Factors (Vega) extract 20mg, grape seed extract 5mg, pine Capsules; Ginkgo biloba leaf extract bark extract 2mg, broccoli floret extract 50:1 equiv. to herb 500mg (min. 5mg, Vega phytoantioxidant BaseTM 100mg ginkgoflavonglycosides, 6% terpene providing apple & mixed wild berries lactones), bilberry fruit extract 4:1 equiv. concentrate 8:1 equiv. to herb 160mg, to herb 100mg (min. 20% anthocyanadins), prebiotic acacia gum 80mg, bilberry fruit TM Vega Phytoantioxidant Base 100mg extract 4:1 equiv. to herb 80mg, vitamin C providing antioxidants and prebiotics: 60mg, niacin 36mg, citrus bioflavonoids apple & mixed wild berries concentrate 30mg, vitamin E 20mg, pantothenic acid 8:1 equiv. to herb 160mg, prebiotic acacia 12mg, zinc 7.5mg, iron 7mg, beta carotene gum 80mg, citrus bioflavonoids 60mg, 4.8mg, vitamin B6 4mg, vitamin B2 vitamin C 60mg, niacin 54mg, pantothenic 3.2mg, vitamin B1 2.8mg, alpha lipoic

~ 71 ~ ginkgo acid 2mg, L-glutathione 2mg, lycopene E 20mg, pantothenic acid 12mg, taurine 7.5% 2mg, N,N-dimethylglycine 2mg, 10mg, zinc 7.5mg, iron 7mg, beta carotene manganese 0.5mg, selenium 200mcg, 4.8mg, vitamin B6 4mg, vitamin B2 copper 100mcg. 3.2mg, vitamin B1 2.8mg, vitamin B12 Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. 2mcg, alpha lipoic acid 2mg, co-enzyme Q10 2mg, L-glutathione 2mg, lutein esters Multigluco Tolerance Factor (Vega) 2mg, lycopene 2mg, manganese 0.5mg, Capsules; Ginkgo biloba leaf extract folate 400mcg, selenium 200mcg, copper 50:1 equiv. to herb 500mg (min. 100mcg. 24%ginkgoflavonglycosides, 6% terpene Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. lactones), bilberry fruit extract 4:1 equiv. to herb 100mg (min. 20% anthocyanadins), PowerplusTM (HealthAid) see Siberian deodorized garlic clove extract 10:1 equiv. Ginseng to herb 100mg (min. 0.5% allicin content), java plum fruit extract 100mg (min. 2.5% Refreshall® (Lamberts) bitter principles), vitamin C 60mg, taurine Tablets; Ginkgo biloba 3000mg, lemon 50mg, niacin 18mg, vitamin E 10mg, zinc balm 500mg, sage 500mg, rosemary 50mg. 7.5mg, iron 7mg, pantothenic acid 6mg, Local Distributor: Health Plus beta carotene 4.8mg, alpha lipoic acid 2mg, co-enzyme Q10 2mg, L-glutathione Sexovit® forte (HealthAid) see Ginseng 2mg, lutein esters 2mg, vitamin B6 2mg, Korean vitamin B2 1.6mg, vitamin B1 1.4mg, manganese 0.5mg, chromium 400mcg, Triple G - Ginseng, Ginkgo, Garlic folate 200mcg, selenium 200mcg, copper (Power Health) see Ginseng Korean 100mcg, vitamin B12 1mcg. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. Vein Support Formula (Vega) Capsules; Ginkgo biloba leaf extract Neuroforte® (HealthAid) 50:1 equiv. to herb 500mg (min. 24% Tablets; Ginkgo biloba extract (50:1) ginkgoflavonglycosides, 6% terpene 20mg (equiv. to 1000mg of ginkgo lactones), bilberry fruit extract 4:1 equiv. biloba powder, contains min. 24% to herb 100mg (min. 20% anthocyanadins), flavoglycosides), vitamin C 60mg, rutin bean extract 60mg, pine bark extract nicotinamide 18mg, vitamin B6 5mg, 2mg (min. 70% proanthocyanadins), citrus magnesium 100mg, lecithin 50mg, bioflavonoids 60mg, hesperidin 60mg, L-phenylalanine 100mg, L-tyrosine vitamin C 120mg, niacin 18mg, zinc 100mg, L-glutamine 100mg, choline 7.5mg, iron 7mg, pantothenic acid 6mg, 50mg, inositol 50mg. beta carotene 4.8mg, alpha lipoic acid Local Distributor: Galea & Galea 2mg, vitamin B6 2mg, vitamin B2 1.6mg, vitamin B1 1.4mg, manganese 0.5mg, Opticare Formula 20:20 (Vega) folate 200mcg, selenium 200mcg, copper Capsules; Ginkgo biloba leaf extract 100mcg, vitamin B12 1mcg. 50:1 equiv. to herb 500mg (min. 24% Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. ginkgoflavonglycosides, 6% terpene lactones), bilberry fruit extract 4:1 equiv. VeinTain® (Lamberts) see Ginger to herb 120mg (min. 20% anthocyanadins), grape seed extract 2mg (min. 95% Venalta® (Alta Care) see Grapeseed polyphenols), citrus bioflavonoids 60mg, vitamin C 60mg, niacin 36mg, vitamin V-VeinTM (HealthAid) see Horse Chestnut

~ 72 ~ ginseng korean

GINSENG KOREAN Panax ginseng

Family: Araliaceae Dose§§§: Daily dose (taken in the Medicinal Parts: Dried lateral roots. morning): dried root, 0.6-2 gm or by decoction45. Indications: Principal: Physical or mental Altacura® Ginseng (Alta Care) exhaustion, stress, fatigue5, 9, 28, 45, 184. Ampoules; Panax ginseng root dry extract 1000mg, guarana powder extract 500mg, Major: Hyperglycaemia185, erectile 186 magnesium 75mg, orange flavour 50mg, dysfunction , menopausal vitamin B6 2mg, purified water. symptoms, thrombotic & Capsules; Panax ginseng root 400mg. cardiovascular diseases187, Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. degenerative conditions associated ® with aging5, 9, 184. Altacura Infludrink (Alta Care) see Minor: Cancer prevention188, 189. Meadowsweet Others: Gastroprotection during Altasterol® Stimulant (Alta Care) see 5 heart surgery . Ginger

Cautions: Cardiovascular disease, Centrum Performance (Centrum) see diabetes, hyper and hypotensive Ginkgo 9, 28, disorders, with all steroid therapy ® 45 Day-vit Active (HealthAid) . Tablets; Ginseng 50:1 extract 12mg (standardised to 25% ginsenosides) Contraindications: Acute illness, equiv. to 600mg Panax ginseng haemorrhage, during the acute period powder, CoQ10 5mg, vitamin A of coronary thrombosis, pregnancy, 800mcg, vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin use of other stimulants5, 9, 45. E 10mg, vitamin C 60mg, thiamin 1.4mg, riboflavin 1.6mg, niacin 18mg, vitamin B6 2mg, folic acid Side-effects: Insomnia, epistaxis, 200mcg, vitamin B12 1mcg, biotin 5, 9, headache, nervousness, vomiting 150mcg, pantothenic acid 6mg, vitamin 28, 45. K 30mcg, calcium 100mg, phosphorus 50mg, iron 14mg, magnesium Drug interactions: Albendazole, 50mg, zinc 15mg, iodine 150mcg, copper 1000mcg, manganese 2mg, potassium alcohol, antidiabetics, digoxin assays, 50mg, selenium 100mcg, chromium guarana, MAOIs, tamoxifen and other 40mcg, molybdenum 50mcg, chloride oestrogen antagonists, warfarin and 45mg, L-lysine HCI 25mg, L-carnitine related drugs, zidovudine5, 28, 184. §§§ Panax ginseng should not be taken continuously for periods exceeding 3 months; occasional use or courses of 1 month followed by a 2-month interval are recommended45.

~ 73 ~ ginseng korean

34mg, di-methionine 40mg, L-arginine Ginseng Forte (Arkopharma) HCI 40mg, choline bitartrate Capsules; Panax ginseng root powder 50mg, inositol 50mg, lutein 2mg, silica 310mg, Panax ginseng root extract 70mg, 10mg. together providing 50mg ginsenosides, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea equiv. to 2000mg ginseng dried root. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Echinacea Plus Ginseng & Astragalus Herbal Complex (Vega) see Echinacea Ginseng Korean Herbal Complex (Vega) Capsules; Ginseng korean (panax) root Flodol® Artro (Alta Care) see powder 300mg, ginseng korean (panax) Meadowsweet root extract (5:1) 100mg (min. 20% ginsenosides) equiv. to 800mg ginseng Gentlemen’s ThreeTM (HealthAid) korean root herb. Capsules; Koregin® standardised Korean Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. ginseng extract (5:1) 350mg, standardised muira puama extract (10:1) 240mg (bark Herbal 3 (HealthAid) see Pumpkin & root), standardised saw palmetto fruit extract (10:1) 160mg, pumpkin seed oil JointCare Sport (HealthAid) 50mg, zinc 3.5mg. Capsules; Korean ginseng extract 10mg, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea ginger extract 6mg, glucosamine sulphate 200mg, omega-3 nutrients 100mg, Gericaps® Active (HealthAid) chondroitin sulphate 50mg, GLA 5mg, Capsules; Standardised Panax ginseng vitamin E 5mg, beta-carotene 2mg, extract 120mg, ginkgo biloba extract calcium 135mg, iron 7mg, zinc 7.5mg, 30mg, vitamin A 1.5mg, vitamin D selenium 25mcg. 10mcg, vitamin E 10mg, vitamin C 60mg, Local Distributor: Associated Drug Co. Ltd. thiamin 5mg, riboflavin 5mg, niacin 20mg, vitamin B5 5mg, vitamin B6 6mg, Korean Ginseng (HealthAid) vitamin B12 3mcg, folic acid 500mcg, Liquid; Korean ginseng extract 1:3 (equiv. inositol 50mg, biotin 150mcg, di-methyl of 330mg of Korean ginseng herb) in 1ml. amino ethanol bitartrate 20mg, DL- Local Distributor: Galea & Galea methionine 30mg, choline bitartrate 50mg, calcium 75mg, phosphorus 58mg, iron Korean Ginseng (NatraHealth) 15mg, copper 2mg, potassium 2mg, iodine Tablets; Korean ginseng extract. 300mcg, manganese 2.5mg, magnesium Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. 10mg, zinc 4mg, selenium 50mcg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Korean Ginseng (Numark) Tablets; Korean ginseng extract 60mg, Gincosan (Pharmaton) see Ginkgo equiv. to 6000mg herb. Local Distributor: Premier HealthCare Ginkgo Vital 3TM (HealthAid) see Siberian Ginseng Korean Ginseng 1200mg (Lamberts) Tablets; Korean ginseng extract 1200mg Ginsana (Pharmaton) (min. 20mg ginsenosides). Capsules, syrup; Standardised Panax Local Distributor: Health Plus ginseng root extract. Local Distributor: Vivian Corporation. Korean Ginseng 250mg (HealthAid) Capsules; 250mg Korean ginseng powder.

~ 74 ~ ginseng korean

Local Distributor: Galea & Galea damiana extract 4:1 equiv. to 400mg powder; 100mg maca extract 5:1 equiv. Korean Ginseng Extract (IL HWA) to 500mg powder; 60mg pussy willow Capsules, tea bags; Pure Panax ginseng extract 4:1 equiv. to 240mg powder; extract. 50mg cinnamon extract; 50mg kola nut Local Distributor: Tongil Trading Co. Ltd. extract 4:1 equiv. to 200mg powder; 50mg puncture vine extract; 25mg saw palmetto. Korean Ginseng with Multivitamins & Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Minerals (Red Kooga) Tablets; Korean ginseng root extract Male MaxTM (HealthAid) 37.5mg (equiv. to Korean ginseng root Tablets; 250mg korean ginseng powder 300mg), vitamin A 800mcg, standardised extract 2:1, 150mg vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin E 10mg, vitamin ashwagandha standardised extract, 100mg C 60mg, thiamin 1.4mg, riboflavin 1.6mg, velvet bean extract 4:1, 100mg muira niacin 18mg, vitamin B6 2mg, folic acid puama extract 4:1, 100mg guarana extract 200mcg, vitamin B12 1mcg, pantothenic 4:1, 100mg pumpkin extract 4:1, 100mg acid 6mg, calcium 140mg, phosphorus damiana extract 4:1, 100mg cinnamon 110mg, iron 14mg, zinc 15mg, iodine extract, 100mg maca extract 5:1, 60mg 150mcg, copper 500mcg, manganese 1mg, pussywillow extract 4:1, 50mg kola nut selenium 50mcg. 4:1, 25mg puncture vine standardised Local Distributor: George Borg Barthet Ltd. extract, 25mg Saw Palmetto standardised. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Koregin® 3000 (HealthAid) Capsules; Korean ginseng 5:1 extract MegaMultiTM (HealthAid) 600mg, standardised to 8% ginsenosides, Prolonged release tablets; Ginseng 100mg, equiv. to 3000mg of ginseng root powder. rutin 25mg, vitamin A 750mcg, vitamin Local Distributor: Galea & Galea D 6.25mcg, vitamin E 2mg, vitamin C 300mg, thiamin 50mg, riboflavin 65mg, Kwai® ACE (Kwai) niacin 75mg, vitamin B6 10mg, folacin Tablets; Dried garlic 300mg, vitamin 300mcg, vitamin B12 5mcg, biotin A 540mcg, vitamin C 80mg, vitamin E 0.08mg, pantothenic acid 60mg, calcium 20mg. 50mg, iron 10mg, zinc 4mg, iodine Local Distributor: Vivian Corporation 150mcg, choline 20mg, chromium 6mcg, copper 35mcg, inositol 40mg, manganese Kwai® One-A-Day (Kwai) 0.10mg, para amino benzoic acid 30mg, Tablets; Dried garlic 300mg. selenium 10mcg, citrus bioflavonoids Local Distributor: Vivian Corportation 30mg, L-lysine 60mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Male Formula (HealthAid) Tablets; 250mg korean ginseng extract MSM Glucosamine Joint Complex 2:1 equiv. to 500mg powder, standardised (Higher Nature) see Celery 5% ginsenosides; 150mg ashwagandha extract, standardised to 1.5% Multibionta® Activate (Seven Seas) withanolides, 1% alkaloids; 100mg velvet Capsules; Ginseng extract 10mg (equiv. bean extract 4:1 equiv. to 400mg powder; to ginseng root 40mg), schisandra fruit 100mg muira puama extract 4:1 equiv. to 7.5mg, vitamin A 800mcg, vitamin 400mg powder; 100mg pumpkin extract D 5mcg, vitamin E 10mg, vitamin C 4:1 equiv. to 400mg powder; 100mg 60mg, thiamin 1.4mg, riboflavin 1.6mg,

~ 75 ~ ginseng korean niacin 18mg, vitamin B6 2mg, folic d-panthenol 1.25mg. acid 200mcg, vitamin B12 1mcg, biotin Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. 0.15mg, pantothenic acid 6mg, calcium 90mg, phosphorus 38mg, iron 5mg, Pharmaton® (Pharmaton) magnesium 45mg, zinc 5mg, iodine Capsules; Standardised ginseng extract 100mcg, chloride 4.5mg, chromium G115 (made from the roots of Panax 25mcg, manganese 0.4mg, molybdenum ginseng) 40mg, vitamin A 2667IU, biotin 25mcg, selenium 30mcg, potassium 5mg, 150mcg, thiamin 1.4mg, riboflavin 1.6mg, coenzyme Q10 2mg. pyridoxine 2.0mg, cyanocobalamine Local Distributor: Associated Drug Co. Ltd. 1mcg, ascorbic acid 60mg, cholecalciferol 200IU, dl-alpha tocopherol acetate 10mg, Multibionta® Probiotic Multivitamin 50+ nicotinamide 18mg, folic acid 100mcg, (Seven Seas) iron 10mg, calcium 100mg, copper 2mg, Capsules; Ginseng extract 20mg (equiv. to magnesium, 10mg, zinc 1mg, selenium 80mg ginseng root), bilberry extract 1mg 50mcg, lecithin 100mg. (equiv. to 100mg fresh bilberry), vitamin Local Distributor: Aldox Ltd. A 800mcg, vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin E 10mg, vitamin C 60mg, thiamin 1.4mg, Power Ginseng GX 2500+ (Power Health) riboflavin 1.6mg, niacin 18mg, vitamin Capsules; Korean ginseng extract 100mg B6 2mg, folic acid 200mcg, vitamin containing typically 30% ginsenosides. B12 1mcg, biotin 0.15mg, pantothenic Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. acid 6mg, calcium 90mg, phosphorus 38mg, iron 5mg, magnesium 45mg, PowerplusTM (HealthAid) see Siberian zinc 5mg, iodine 100mcg, manganese Ginseng 0.4mg, chromium 25mcg, molybdenum 25mcg, selenium 30mcg, chloride 4.5mg, Revive (Kelkin) see Guarana potassium 5mg, lutein 100mcg. Local Distributor: Associated Drug Co. Ltd. Royal 3 (HealthAid) see Evening Primrose Neovita® (Savoy Laboratories) Capsules; Ginseng 100mg, vitamin A Sexovit® forte (HealthAid) 2400IU, thiamin mononitrate 2.5mg, Tablets; 60mg Korean ginseng 10:1 riboflavin 2.5mg, pyridoxine 1mg, extract (standardised to 20% ginsenosides) calciferol 240IU, dl-alpha tocopheryl equiv. to 600mg powder, 50mg ginkgo acetate 2mg, cyanocobalamin 4.9mcg, biloba extract (standardised to 24% nicotinamide 20mg, calcium pantothenate glycosides & 6% terpenoids), 100mg 10mg, ascorbic acid 40mg, magnesium vitamin C, 67mg vitamin E, 15mg zinc, oxide 10mg, zinc oxide 5mg, magnesium 200mcg selenium, 250mg L-arginine HCl, sulphate 2mg, copper sulphate 2mg, 50mg L-carnitine, 50mg L-methionine, ferrous sulphate 33mg, lecithin 9.5mg, 50mg L-phenylalanine. calcium phosphate 100mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Syrup; Ginseng extract 17.5mg (equiv. to 87.5mg root), vitamin A 450IU, Triple G - Ginseng, Ginkgo, Garlic thiamin hydrochloride 625mcg, (Power Health) riboflavin 625mcg, pyridoxine 250mcg, Tablets; Pure korean ginseng powder cyanocobalamin 0.875mcg, ascorbic 250mg, standardised 24% ginkgo biloba acid 4.2mg, sodium ascorbate 6.525mg, extract 60mg, pure garlic powder 2mg. calciferol 45IU, nicotinamide 5mg, Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

~ 76 ~ goldenseal

GOLDENSEAL Hydrastis canadensis

Family: Ranunculaceae Side-effects: Digestive disorders, Medicinal Parts: Root, rhizome. mucous membrane irritation, constipation, excitatory states, Indications: hallucinations, occasionally deliria if Internal taken over an extended period5, 9, 28. Principal: Digestive ailments including infectious diarrhoea, Drug interactions: Benzodiazepines, hypercholesterolaemia190, CHF5, 28, 45. cytochrome P450 3A4-metabolized Minor: Menorrhagia, dysmenorrhoea, drugs, indinavir, paclitaxel, vitamin peptic ulcer, colds & fever, recurrent B28, 191. ear infections, vaginitis, urinary tract infections5, 28. Dose: Three times daily: dried External rhizome & root, 0.5-1 gm; tincture Principal: To clean wounds, skin (1:10, 60% ethanol), 2-4 ml; liquid infections including ringworm & extract (1:1, 60% ethanol), 0.3-1 ml5, athlete’s foot5, 9, 28. 45. Major: Reduce haemorrhoids, soothe canker sores5. Echinacea 1000mg & Goldenseal Others: Conjunctivitis, blepharitis9. 2000mg (Lamberts) see Echinacea Golden Seal (HealthAid) Cautions: Not to be used as a Liquid; Golden seal extract 1:5 (equiv. of douche due to potential for mucous 200mg of golden seal herb) in 1ml. membrane irritation5, 28. Tablets; Golden seal root powder 315mg, standardised golden seal root extract Contraindications: Kidney disease, 160mg. pregnancy, lactation, hypertension, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea people with glucose-6-phosphate- Healthy Mega (HealthAid) see 5, 9, 28, 45 dehydrogenase deficiency . Buckwheat

~ 77 ~ gotu kola

GOTU KOLA Centella asiatica

Family: Apiaceae used topically), photosensitization, Medicinal Parts: Leaf, stem. infertility28.

Indications: Drug interactions: None known. Principal: Skin scars, ulcers, burns192 & wounds193, 194, memory Dose: Daily dose: 0.6 gm of dried enhancement, neurodegenerative leaves or infusion taken 3 times daily; disorders28, 195. normal single dose is 0.33 to 0.68 Major: Rheumatism, venous gm28. insufficiency circulatory disorders, anxiety, epilepsy196, 197. Brainvit® (HealthAid) see Brahmi Minor: Prevention of cancer, diabetic microangiopathy, oedema, venous Gotu Kola (HealthAid) 197 Liquid; Gotu Kola extract 1:3 (equiv. of hypertension . 330mg of gotu kola herb) in 1ml. 197 Others: Leprosy, eczema . Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Cautions: Diabetes, Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) see hyperlipidaemia28. Guarana

® 28 Organic Aloe Vera (dr.organic ) see Aloe Contraindications: Pregnancy . Vera

Side-effects: Skin irritation (when Venalta® (Alta Care) see Grapeseed

GRAPESEED Vitis vinifera

Family: Vitaceae Minor: Pancreatitis, preventing Medicinal Parts: Seeds, grape skins. reperfusion injury, reduces sun burn5. Others: Headache, dysuria, Indications: scabies, gonorrhoea, haemorrhoids, Principal: Fluid retention, peripheral vomiting28. venous insufficiency, capillary resistance, diabetic retinopathy5, 28, 198, Cautions/Contraindications: None 200. known. Major: Eye strain, hyperlipidaemia, enhances dermal wound healing, Side-effects: Dry, itchy scalp, aging skin, cancer5, 198, 199, 200. dizziness, headache, hypertension,

~ 78 ~ grapeseed hives, indigestion, nausea200. Tablets; Grapefruit seed extract 100mg. Local Distributor: Health Plus Drug interactions: Warfarin & other Eyewise® (Lamberts) anticoagulants198, ascorbic acid, 201 Tablets; Grapeseed 500mg (provided by midazolam . 10mg of a 50:1 extract), bilberry 200mg (provided by 50mg of a 4:1 extract), Dose: blackberry 200mg (provided by 50mg of To protect against free radical a 4:1 extract), lutein 10mg, zeaxanthin damage (oxidation): 25 - 150 mg 400mcg. Local Distributor: Health Plus of a standardised extract (40 - 80% proanthocyanidins or 95% OPC Grapeseed Antioxidant Formula (FSC) value), 1 - 3 times daily. Capsules; Grapeseed extract 50mg Chronic venous insufficiency: 150 - (providing 25mg polyphenols 50%), 300 mg daily. selenium 15mcg, green tea leaf 50mg, Oedema: 200 - 400 mg daily for 10 - citrus bioflavonoid 60mg, bilberry fruit 30 days198. 20mg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

4.3.2.1 Shape Up Ultimate (Arkopharma) Grapeseed Extract (HealthAid) see Fenugreek Tablets; Grapeseed extract (500:1) 100mg

® containing 95% total phenolic compounds. Altadrine Day Burner (Alta Care) Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Ampoules; Grapeseed, bromelain, green tea, papaya, artichoke, dandelion, fructose, HeartMaxTM (HealthAid) magnesium citrate, bladderwrack, witch Capsules; Grapeseed extract 25mg, garlic hazel, meadowsweet, exotic fruit aroma, oil (100:1) 1.25mg equiv. to 125mg vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B6, beta- of fresh garlic bulb, lycopene 5mg, carotene, lemon juice, wild carrot, tomato, chromium 50mcg, fish oil concentrate selenium yeast, buckwheat, potassium 400mg which provides 132mg EPA & sorbate, sodium benzoate. 88mg DHA, L-carnitine 125mg, L-taurine Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. 125mg, lecithin 100mg, alpha lipoic

® acid 50mg, coenzyme Q10 30mg, citrus Altadrine Night Burner (Alta Care) see bioflavonoids 5mg. Green Tea Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

® Altasterol Stimulant (Alta Care) see Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) see Ginger Guarana

Antioxidant Selenium-ACE Formula Horse Chestnut Complex (Lamberts) see (Vega) see Bilberry Horse Chestnut

Cardiohealth Formula (Vega) see Garlic Multi Antioxidant Complex (Vega) see Ginkgo CitricidalTM (Higher Nature) Liquid; Grapefruit seed extract Multi Max® (Lamberts) concentrate. Tablets; Grapeseed 500mg (provided

~ 79 ~ grapeseed by 1mg of a 500:1 extract), vitamin A dioscorea 100mg, bilberry flavour 10mg, 1948mcg, vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin E sodium benzoate 10mg. 100mg, vitamin C 150mg, thiamin 25mg, Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. riboflavin 25mg, niacin 25mg, vitamin B6, folic acid 400mcg, vitamin B12 10mcg, Venalta® Ampoules (Alta Care) biotin 0.15mg, pantothenic acid 25mg, Ampoules; Red Vine leaf extract 3750mg, calcium 62mg, iron 14mg, magnesium barley extract 2500mg, buckwheat extract 50mg, zinc 15mg, iodine 150mcg, choline 1000mg, witch hazel extract 1000mg, bitartrate 25mg, inositol 25mg, PABA vitamin C 60mg, vitamin E 10mg, 25mg, manganese 4mg, copper 1.2mg, grapefruit natural flavour 50mg, citrus molybdenum 500mcg, selenium 200mcg, limonum 10mg. chromium 200mcg. Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. Local Distributor: Health Plus Venis® Sollievo (Erba Vita) Multi-Max® Advance (Lamberts) see Gel; Grapeseed extract, butcher’s broom Turmeric extract, blueberry extract, ivy extract, escin, lavender oil. Opticare Formula 20:20 (Vega) see Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. Ginkgo Vitiven® ultra cold (Arkopharma) see Perfectil Platinum (Vitabiotics) see Green Butcher’s Broom Tea Wellman® Tricologic (Vitabiotics) Phytobronz (Arkopharma) Tablets; Proanthocyanidins (red grape Capsules; Grape seed extract, vitamin extract) 5mg, vitamin D 15mcg, vitamin E, carotenoids, squalene, starflower oil, E 60mg, vitamin C 180mg, vitamin B1 IHA (Intense Helio Active) Arkopharma’s 10mg, vitamin B2 8mg, vitamin B3 36mg, unique compound of natural extract of red vitamin B6 10mg, folic acid 400mcg, palm oil, capsicum & tomato. vitamin B12 20mcg, biotin 150mcg, Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. pantothenic acid 90mg, magnesium 50mg, iron 8mg, zinc 15mg, copper 100mcg, TotallyWise (Vega) see Green Tea manganese 0.5mg, selenium 150mcg, chromium 50mcg, iodine 150mcg, PABA Venalta® (Alta Care) 30mg, silicon 15mg, betacarotene 2mg, Capsules; Omega 3 (350mg), grape lignans 150mg, choline 100mg, myo- seed (100mg), grapeseed skin (37.5mg), inositol 50mg, N-acetyl cysteine 50mg, grapeseed whole fruit 12.5mg. L-cystine 50mg, L-methionine 50mg, Patches; Acrylates copolymer, propylene L-lysine 50mg. glycol, grapeseed extract, horse chestnut Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. extract, butcher’s broom extract, gotu kola extract, ginkgo biloba extract, glycine Wellwoman Tricologic® (Vitabiotics) soya oil, lavender oil, peppermint oil, Tablets; Grapeseed extract 5mg, vitamin sweet orange oil, limonene, Linalool. D 20mcg, vitamin E 60mg, vitamin C Syrup; Honey sugar free 6400mg, 60mg, vitamin B1 10mg, vitamin B2 cranberry juice 2000mg, grapeseed 8mg, vitamin B3 36mg, vitamin B6 400mg, barley 280mg, witch hazel 250mg, 10mg, folic acid 400mcg, vitamin B12 cranberry extract 200mg, butcher’s broom 20mcg, biotin 150mcg, pantothenic acid root 200mg, soya isoflavones 150mg, 90mg, magnesium 50mg, iron 14mg, zinc

~ 80 ~ green coffee

15mg, copper 1000mcg, manganese 2mg, marine collagen 200mg, L-cystine 100mg, selenium 150mcg, chromium 50mcg, L-methionine 50mg, inositol 90mg. iodine 150mcg, silicon 60mg, natural Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. mixed carotenoids 3mg, hydrolysed

GREEN COFFEE Coffea arabica

Family: Rubiaceae Drug interactions: Antidiabetics, Medicinal Parts: Seed. antihypertensives, iron compounds, nicotine, phenylpropanolamine203. Indications: Principal: Stimulation of the nervous Dose: Average daily dose: 9 gm of system, increasing arousal and ground drug; Average single dose: 3 vigilance, reducing fatigue202. gm of powder28. Major: Diarrhoea, inflammation of the mouth & pharynx, festering wounds28, 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Organic (Arkopharma) 202. see Green Tea Minor: Hepatitis, oedema, neuralgia, 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Ultimate (Arkopharma) migraine, fever, asthma, to treat see Fenugreek opium and alcohol intoxication28, 202. Green Coffee (Quest) Cautions: Patients with sensitive Tablets; Green coffee bean extract 200mg, cardiovascular systems, kidney chlorogenic acids 90mg. diseases, hyperthyroidism, higher Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. disposition to convulsions, certain Green Coffee Bean (Power Health) psychic disorders (including panic Capsules; Green coffee bean powder anxiety states), pregnancy28. 133mg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Side-effects: Hyperacidity, stomach irritation, diarrhoea, reduced appetite, Pure Green Coffee Extract (Lamberts) Tablets; Decaffeinated green coffee sleeplessness, anxiety, tremor, extract 200mg. nervous restlessness, palpitations and Local Distributor: Health Plus withdrawal headaches28.

~ 81 ~ green tea

GREEN TEA Camellia sinensis

Family: Theaceae 4.3.2.1 Performance Detox (Arkopharma) Medicinal Parts: Leaf. Vials; Green tea, maté, pawpaw, kola, turmeric, elder, fennel, celery, chicory, barley malt, fructo-oligosachharides. Indications: Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Principal: Atherosclerosis204, 205, hypercholesterolaemia206, 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Day & Night dental caries207, gingivitis, cancer (Arkopharma) prevention208, 209. Capsules; Major: Sunburn protection210, 211, Yellow day capsule: Green tea extract 212 85.5mg, maté extract 85.5mg, barley malt weight loss, weight maintenance . powder 45mg, kola seed powder 39mg, Minor: Inflammatory bowel disease, fennel fruit powder 30mg, celery seed diabetes5, 28. powder 15mg. Others: Headache, diarrhoea, fatigue, Brown night capsule: Lemon balm extract vomiting, dyspepsia & other digestive 60mg, grape seed extract 60mg, kidney symptoms, migraine5, 28. bean powder 60mg, hawthorn powder 20mg, chichory powder 20mg. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Cautions: Weak cardiovascular system, renal disease, 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Organic (Arkopharma) hyperthyroidism, elevated Liquid; Green tea leaves, green coffee susceptibility to spasm28. beans, fennel seed, maté leaves, guarana seeds, celery stalks and leaves, chicory roots, dandelion roots, kola seeds, black Contraindications: Hypertension, radish roots. cardiac arrhythmias, severe liver Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. disease, anxiety disorders, insomnia5. 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Ultimate (Arkopharma) Side-effects: CNS stimulation, see Fenugreek diuresis, hyperacidity, gastric Active Women’s Multivitamins & irritation, reduction in appetite when Minerals (Vega) see Siberian Ginseng consumed in large amounts5, 28. Altadrine® Aquadrain (Alta Care) Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, Capsules; Green tea leaf 250mg, sodium carbonate 50mg, potassium carbonate hypoglycaemic agents, iron, CNS 50mg, magnesium gluconate 50mg. stimulants, CNS depressants, Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. diuretics, drugs metabolized by CYP1A25, 28. Altadrine® Day Burner (Alta Care) see Grapeseed 28 Dose ® : 3-5 cups of green tea per day . Altadrine Lipodrainer (Alta Care) see Nettle

~ 82 ~ green tea

Altadrine® Night Burner (Alta Care) Grapeseed Antioxidant Formula (FSC) Ampoules; Aqueous extracts of: cherry see Grapeseed peduncle 4000mg, green tea 800mg, dandelion roots 800mg, stinging nettle Green Tea (Arkopharma) aerial parts 680mg, meadowsweet 400mg, Capsules; Green tea leaf powder 390mg. red vine leaf 400mg, ground ivy 240mg, Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. orange concentrated juice 454mg, orange flavour 40mg, lemon flavour 40mg, Green Tea (HealthAid) bladderwrack 15mg. Liquid; 1:4 extract of Camellia sinensis Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. (equiv. of 250mg green tea extract and 100mg polyphenols). Antioxidant Selenium-ACE Formula Tablets; Green tea extract 100mg (equiv. (Vega) see Bilberry to 1000mg of green tea powder). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Bodylean® CLA Plus (HealthAid) 30 CLA capsules & 30 bodylean tablets; Green Tea (Quest) Each CLA capsule contains 1000mg Tablets; Green tea leaf extract 100mg, CLA oil (80% CLA) derived from providing polyphenols 60mg. sunflower & safflower oil, which provides Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. 800mg free CLA. Each bodylean tablet contains 100mg green tea polyphenols, Green Tea 1000mg (Power Herbs) 125mg L-ornithine, 125mg L-carnitine, Tablets; Green Tea (5:1) extract 200mg 125mg creatine, 15mg CoQ10, 200mcg equiv. to green tea 1000mg (40% chromium. catechins). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

Carboslim® Phase 2 (HealthAid) Kelp Plus Greens Formula (Vega) see Capsules; 100mg standardised green tea Kelp extract (min. 60% polyphenols & 35% catechins), 500mg phase 2 (from kidney Maxijoint Formula (Vega) see Bilberry bean extract), 100mcg chromium. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Menopace® Plus (Vitabiotics) see Sage

Diet Shake (Sci-MX) Menopause Formula (Vega) see Powder; Green tea extract, corn source Starflower maltodextrin, whey protein concentrate, soya protein isolate, skimmed milk, Molkosan Vitality (A.Vogel) milk protein concentrate, cocoa powder, Powder; Green tea extract, maize starch, fructose, insulin fibre, MCT-oil, rice concentrated whey powder, lactic acid, starch, conjugated linoleic acid, whey fructose, orange flavour. protein isolate, egg albumin, cellulose Local Distributor: Health Plus gum, potassium, lactase enzymes, niacin, iodine, folic acid, biotin. Multi Antioxidant Complex (Vega) see Local Distributor: Ruth & Marcel Ginkgo Degabriele Multibionta® Immune Support Probiotic Evening Primrose Oil Formula (Vega) Multivitamin (Seven Seas) see Evening Primrose Capsules; Green tea extract 100mg,

~ 83 ~ green tea vitamin E 20mg, vitamin C 150mg, beta carotene 4.8mg; vitamin B6 2mg; folic acid 400mcg, zinc 7.5mg, selenium vitamin B2 1.6mg; vitamin B1 1.4mg; 100mcg, total bioflavonoids 30mg. manganese 0.5mg; copper 250mcg; Local Distributor: Associated Drug Co. selenium 250mcg. Ltd. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. Multi-Max® Advance (Lamberts) see Turmeric SiberSlimTM (HealthAid) see Siberian Ginseng Perfectil Platinum (Vitabiotics) Tablets; Bio marine collagen 100mg, TotallyWise (Vega) lycopene extract 5% 5mg, grape seed Multivitamin & mineral tablet; Vitamin extract 7.5mg, pine bark extract 4mg, A 800mcg, vitamin D3 10mcg, vitamin E green tea extract 10mg, blackcurrant seed 20mg, vitamin C 120mg, thiamin 2.8mg, oil 25mg, alpha lipoic acid 20mg, enzyme riboflavin 3.2mg, niacin 36mg, vitamin Q10 2.5mg, betacarotene 2mg, vitamin B6 4mg, folic acid 400mcg, vitamin B12 D3 2.5mcg, vitamin E 25mg, vitamin 2mcg, biotin 300mcg, pantothenic acid C 45mg, thiamin 4mg, riboflavin 2mg, 12mg, calcium 200mg, magnesium 75mg, niacin 9mg, vitamin B6 5mg, folacin iron 14mg, zinc 15mg, iodine 150mcg, 200mcg, vitamin B12 4.5mcg, biotin manganese 2mg, chromium 120mcg, 75mcg, pantothenic acid 20mg, iron 6mg, molybdenum 10mcg, copper 1mg, magnesium 50mg, zinc 7.5mg, iodine selenium 25mcg, silicon 1mg. 100mcg, copper 500mcg, manganese Omega-3 fish oil capsule; Concentrated 0.25mg, selenium 500mcg, chromium fish oil 630mg (providing EPA 150mg, 25mcg, silicon 25mcg, L-cystine 10mcg. DHA 100mg), total omega-3 fatty acids Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. 320mg, sweet orange oil 16.2mg, olive oil 9.3mg, tomato lipids 0.7mg, medium Pine Bark Complex (Vega) see Scotch chain triglycerides 0.3mg. Pine Antioxidant tablet; Alpha lipoic acid 20mg, CoQ10 2mg, N-acetyl cysteine Premenstrual Formula (Vega) see Oats 40mg, beta-carotene 2mg, lycopene 1.5mg, lutein esters 1.5mg, pomegranate Rejuvadeen Formula (Vega) extract 7mg, green tea extract 10mg, Capsules; Soy protein isolate 100mg; grape skin extract 5mg, querceptin Vega Bio-Marine ComplexTM 100mg 5mg, soy isoflavones 5mg (providing providing chitosan 30mg, glucosamine 2mg isoflavones), soy protein isolate sulphate 30mg, blue green algae 10mg, 18mg, pine bark extract 1mg, bilberry chlorella broken cell algae 10mg, kelp extract 10mg, blackberry extract 5mg, seaweed 10mg, spirulina algae 10mg; blackcurrant extract 5mg, blueberry vitamin C 60mg; citrus bioflavonoids extract 5mg, blackcherry extract 5mg, 20mg; collagen type II 20mg; zinc 15mg; watercress extract 5mg. beta 1,3 glucans 10mg; green tea leaf Prebiotic & probiotic capsule; powder 10mg (min. 60% polyphenols); Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL60, L-cysteine; silicon 10mg; vitamin E lactobacillus acidophilus CUL21, 10mg; grape seed extract 5mg (min. 95% bifidobacterium lactis CUL34, polyphenols); L-glutathione 5mg; soy bifidobacterium bifidum CUL20. isoflavone concentrate 5mg (min. 40% Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons isoflavones); superoxide dismutase 5mg; Ltd.

~ 84 ~ griffonia (5-htp)

Vitalize Regenerative Formula (Vega) see 120mcg, chromium 75mcg. Siberian Ginseng Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

Wellwoman 50+ (Vitabiotics) WellTeen® Plus Omega-3 (Vitabiotics) see Tablets; Lutein esters 2mg, green tea Cranberry extract 20mg, phosphatidylcholine 10mg, Co-Q10 2mg, L-carnitine 10mg, alpha Zinc-C Formula (Vega) lipoic acid 20mg, citrus bioflavonoid Tablets; Green tea leaf extract 100mg complex 10mg, natural mixed carotenoids (min. 40% polyphenols), rutin bean extract 2mg, vitamin D 10mcg, vitamin E 15mg, 30mg, vitamin C 240mg, pantothenic vitamin C 60mg, thiamin 14mg, riboflavin acid 60mg, citrus bioflavonoids 30mg, 4mg, niacin 30mg, vitamin B6 10mg, hesperidin 30mg, zinc 15mg, manganese folacin 500mcg, vitamin B12 5mcg, biotin 0.5mg, selenium 200mcg, copper 100mcg. 50mcg, pantothenic acid 6mg, iron 10mg, Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons magnesium 25mg, zinc 15mg, manganese Ltd. 0.5mg, copper 1000mcg, selenium

GRIFFONIA (5-HTP) Griffonia simplicifolia

Family: Leguminosae Drug interactions: Carbidopa, Medicinal Parts: Seeds. MAOIs, SSRIs28, 213.

Indications: Dose: Principal: Depression, anxiety, other Depression: 50 mg three times daily. psychiatric and neurological disorders Insomnia: 100-300 mg before where there is a deficiency of neural bedtime. serotonin, insomnia28, 213. Fibromyalgia: 100 mg three times Major: Fibromyalgia, obesity, chronic daily28, 213. headache, migraine28. Minor: To reduce risk of artery 5-HTP (HealthAid) & heart spasm, management of Prolonged release tablets; 50mg 5-HTP 28 from Griffonia simplicifolia seed extract. Parkinson’s disease & epilepsy . Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Contraindications: Pregnancy, 5-HTP (Solgar) lactation28. Vegicaps; 5-HTP (from standardized Griffonia simplicifolia seed extract) Side-effects: Heartburn, stomach 100mg, valerian root powdered extract 100mg, magnesium 50mg, vitamin B6 pain, flatulence, diarrhoea, vomiting, 28, 213 10mg. decreased libido . Local Distributor: Natural Remedies

~ 85 ~ grindella

GRINDELIA Grindelia robusta

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. Medicinal Parts: Dried leaves, flowering branches. GrinTuss (Aboca) Paediatric & adult syrup; Plant extracts of grindelia, plantain, helichrysum. Indications: Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. Principal: Catarrhs of the upper respiratory tract19, cough, bronchitis28. Mucovit® Sciroppo Adulti (Erba Vita) Others: Asthma, whooping cough19. Syrup; Acacia honey 11250mg, grindelia flower heads 1135mg, vegetal extracts: Cautions/Contraindications: None eucalyptus leaves 900mg, scotch pine buds 675mg, thyme flowers and leaves known. 675mg, european elder flowers 675mg, fir buds and berries 450mg, adhatoda Side-effects: Gastric or renal irritation vasica leaves 225mg, scotch pine needles rarely19. essential oil 22.5mg, vitamin C 22.5mg. Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. Drug interactions: None known. Mucovit® Sciroppo Bambini (Erba Vita) Syrup; Acacia honey 5625mg, grindelia Dose: Daily dose: 4-6 gm of the drug flower heads 675mg, vegetal extracts of or 3-6 gm of grindelia fluid extract; eucalyptus leaves 450mg, scotch pine tincture (1:10 or 1:5, ethanol 60-80% buds 450mg, european elder flowers v/v), 1.5-3 ml19. 450mg, fir buds and berries 450mg, thyme flowers and leaves 225mg, vitamin C Broncovit® (Erba vita) 22.5mg, orange peel essential oil 22.5mg. Syrup; Grindelia summit 1125mg, Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. extracts of maidenhair fern summit ® 900mg, common sundew flowered plant Pectovit (Erba Vita) 675mg, iceland moss whole plant 675mg, Ointment; Grindelia extract, eucalyptus peppermint leaves 675mg, blackcurrant essential oil, pine essential oil, lavender berries 450mg, dry extract of grapefruit essential oil, tea tree oil, niaouli essential seed 11.25mg, peppermint essential oil oil. 22.5mg, acacia honey 5625mg, vitamin C Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. 22.5mg.

~ 86 ~ guarana

GUARANA Paullinia cupana

Family: Sapindaceae 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Organic (Arkopharma) Medicinal Parts: Seeds. see Green Tea

Indications: Altacura® Ginseng (Alta Care) see Principal: Chemotherapy-related Ginseng Korean 214, 215 fatigue ; lack of alertness, energy ® 5, 216, 217 Altacura Infludrink (Alta Care) see or stamina . Meadowsweet Major: To promote weight loss, enhance athletic performance5, 28, 215. Altadrine® Fat Burner (Alta Care) see Others: Headache, dysmenorrhoea, Bitter Orange fever, digestion problems28. Altasterol® Stimulant (Alta Care) see Cautions: Patients taking other Ginger drugs or herb supplements containing CellusiteTM (HealthAid) see White Willow caffeine or any other stimulant products, diabetes, sensitive Guaramax® 1000 (HealthAid) cardiovascular system, renal disease, Capsules; Guarana seed 4:1 extract hyperthyroidism, gastric ulcers, 250mg, standardised to 10% caffeine, chronic headache, pregnancy, nursing equivalent to 1000mg guarana seed mothers5, 28. powder. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Contraindications: Hypertension, 5 Guarana 500mg (Power Herbs) cardiac arrhythmias . Capsules; Stoneground amazon guarana seeds 500mg. Side-effects: Nervousness, Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. restlessness, irritability, insomnia14. Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) Drug interactions: Liquid; Red grape juice, purified water, Antihypertensives, Ephedra & gotu kola, muira puama, guarana seed, kava herbal medicines215, OTC Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia), nasal decongestants, sedating Siberian ginseng, disodium hydrogen, phosphate anhydrous, citric acid, antihistamines, antinausea agents14, potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate. diuretics, anticoagulants, antiplatelets, Tablets; Guarana powder 250mg, siberian 5 digoxin . ginseng 175mg, bee pollen 50mg, gotu kola 20mg, bissy nut 20mg, spirulina Dose: 20mg, ginger root 20mg, mullein 20mg, Cognition, alertness, mood: 37.5-75 liquorice 20mg, hawthorn berry 20mg, mg every 6 hours. yellow dock 20mg, papaya fruit 20mg, Other indications: 2.5-4 gm guarana/ capsicum 19mg, pepsin 1mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea day5. ~ 87 ~ guar gum

Hip & Thigh Formula (HealthAid) see soy lecithin 50mg, bladderwrack 25mg, White Willow potassium gluconate 20mg, vitamin E 20mg, sodium chloride 20mg, magnesium Male MaxTM (HealthAid) see Ginseng oxide 20mg, zinc gluconate 15mg, Korean magnesium stearate 14mg, royal jelly 14mg, vitamin A 10mg, lutein 8.23mg, Revive (Kelkin) marigold extract 5mg, vitamin B2 1.60mg, Effervescent tablets; Guarana extract vitamin B1 1.40mg, vitamin B6 1mg, 50mg, Panax ginseng 15mg, vitamin C vitamin B12 1mg. Night (blue tablets): 85mg, vitamin B1 1.2mg, vitamin B2 Cellulose 200mg, tri calcium phosphate 1.5mg, niacin 18mg, vitamin B6 1.5mg, 200mg, lithothamnium calcareum 100mg, folic acid 220mcg, vitamin B12 2mcg, vitamin C 60mg, glucosamine sulphate biotin 80mcg, vitamin B5 6mg, calcium 50mg, spirulina 20mg, vitamin E 20mg, 100mg, magnesium 110mg, zinc 9.5mg. ferrous gluconate 20mg, maltodextrin Local Distributor: Galea & Galea 15.80mg, magnesium stearate 14mg, chondroitin sulphate 14mg, royal jelly SiberSlimTM (HealthAid) see Siberian 10mg, soy lecithin 10mg, L-tryptophan Ginseng 10mg, zinc gluconate 5mg, vitamin B6 1mg, vitamin B2 1.6mg, vitamin B1 Silvia® Women Formula (Alta Care) 1.4mg, vitamin B12 1mg, folic acid 0.2mg, Tablets; Day (pink tablets): Cellulose vitamin D3 0.001mg. 200mg, maltodextrin 147.77mg, Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. magnesium carbonate 80mg, vitamin C 60mg, guarana seed dry extract 50mg, Zotrim (Nature’s Remedies) see Maté

GUAR GUM Cyamopsis tetragonoloba

Family: Leguminosae oesophagus, stomach, and intestine, Medicinal Parts: Whole plant. which might hinder passage of the chyme28. Indications: Principal: Diabetes mellitus218, Side-effects: Feeling of fullness, post prandial hyperglycemia219 & nausea, wind & diarrhoea particularly glucosuria, hyperlipoproteinaemia28, 220. at the beginning of treatment28. Others: Night blindness, dyspeptic complaints, anorexia, constipation28, 220. Drug interactions: Acetaminophen, nitrofurantoin, digoxin, bumetanide, Cautions: Adequate intake of fluid metformin, phenoxymethylpenicillin, to prevent bolus formation and some formulations of glibenclamide, oesophageal obstruction28. slowed absorption of oral contraceptives, potentiation of Contraindications: Diseases of the insulin14.

~ 88 ~ gymnema

Dose: One dose of 5 gm per tablet or Snoreeze Oral Strips (Snoreeze) see granules, three times daily28. Peppermint

Healthy Mega (HealthAid) see Snoreeze Throat Spray (Snoreeze) see Buckwheat Peppermint

GYMNEMA Gymnema sylvestre

Family: Asclepiadaceae Side-effects: Gastric irritation, Medicinal Parts: Leaf. hepatotoxicity5.

Indications: Drug interactions: Hypoglycaemic Principal: Type 1 & type 2 agents, insulin5. diabetes221, 222, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia14, 223. Dose: 400-600 mg/day in divided Major: Sweet taste suppression & doses with meals5. weight loss5. Chitosan Complex (HealthAid) Cautions: Monitor blood glucose Capsules; 50mg Gymnema sylvestre levels closely when used in extract, 700mg shellfish shell fibre (chitosan), vitamin C 40mg. conjunction with insulin and Local Distributor: Galea & Galea hypoglycaemic agents, pregnancy5, 14.

HAWTHORN Crataegus laevigata

Family: Rosaceae kidney & bladder stones224. Medicinal Parts: Extracts of leaf Others: Herpes simplex infection5. and flower are most commonly used, although the berries may also be used. Contraindications: Pregnancy5, 9, children under 12 years of age28. Indications: Principal: Arrhythmias, Side-effects: Sweating, nausea, hypertension224, angina pectoris, fatigue, rash on the hands, headache, atherosclerosis225, NYHA functional dizziness, palpitations, sleepiness, class II CHF226, 227, 5, 9, 19, 28. agitation, GI symptoms5, 9, 28, 227. Major: Hyperlipidaemia, anxiety5, 228. Minor: Connective tissue disorders,

~ 89 ~ hoodia

Drug interactions: of 330mg of hawthorn berry herb) in 1ml. Antihypertensives, cardiac Local Distributor: Galea & Galea glycosides5, 227, 229. Hawthorn Berry 500mg (FSC) Tablets; Hawthorn berry extract equiv. to Dose: 160-900 mg of a native 500mg. water-ethanol extract of the leaves Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. or flowers; 1.5-3.5 gm as infusion or decoction19, 227. Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) see Guarana 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Day & Night (Arkopharma) see Green Tea Hawthorn Compound (Power Herbs) see Buckwheat

Hawthorn (Arkopharma) TM Capsules; Hawthorn powder 350mg, Tranquil (HealthAid) providing at least 1.5% flavonoids. Capsules; 250mg hawthorn oil macerate Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. (2:1); 100mg hawthorn extract (1:1); 50mg viburnum extract (10:1) equiv. to Hawthorn 2500mg (Lamberts) 500mg raw viburnum powder; 50mg Tablets; Hawthorn 2500mg (providing Valeriana officinalis extract (5:1) equiv. 500mg of a 5:1 extract) providing to 250mg raw valerian root powder; flavonoids 10mg. 25mg magnolia extract; 25mg St. John’s Local Distributor: Health Plus Wort extract (10:1); 2.5mg passionflower extract (4:1), equiv. to 10mg raw powder. Hawthorn Berry (HealthAid) Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Liquid; Hawthorn berry extract 1:3 (equiv. V-VeinTM (HealthAid) see Horse Chestnut

HOODIA Hoodia gordonii

Family: Asclepiadaceae Drug interactions: None known. Medicinal Parts: Aerial parts. Dose: 400mg twice daily231. Indications: Appetite suppression28, 230. Magnolia, Valerian, St. John’s Wort Complex (HealthAid) Capsules; Hawthorn oil macerate (2:1) Cautions/Contraindications : None 250mg, hawthorn powder extract (1:1) known. 100mg, viburnum extract (10:1) 50mg, valerian extract (5:1) 50mg, St. John’s Wort Side-effects: None known. extract (10:1) 25mg, passionflower extract (4:1) 2.5mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

~ 90 ~ hops

HOPS Humulus lupulus

Family: Cannabaceae Calma Baby (Erba Vita) see Linden Medicinal Parts: Dried strobiles. Chalet® Hair Stimulant (Alta Care) see Indications: Saw Palmetto Principal: Restlessness, nervousness, Controller® Natural Sleep (Alta Care) see 5, 9, 28, 45, 232, anxiety, sleep disturbances Linden 233. Major: Menopause, headache, Dormeasan® (A.Vogel) see Valerian indigestion5, 28, 234. ® Minor: Neuralgia235, to wean Ellegyn (Alta Care) Patches; Hops extract, soya oil, acrylates patients off pharmaceutical sedative 5, 28 copolymer, triethanolamine, glycine, medicines, leg ulcers, oedema . propylene glycol, ethoxy-diglycol. Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. Cautions: When given in conjunction with other central nervous system Kalms (Lanes) see Valerian depressants, antipsychotics or alcohol Menophase (Higher Nature) see due to its sedative effect28. Schisandra

Contraindications: Oestrogen- Natrasleep (Natra) see Valerian dependent tumours, depression, pregnancy5, 9, 28, 45. Quiet Life (Lanes) Tablets; Motherwort powder 34.00mg, Side-effects: Drowsiness (with hops powder 75.00mg, passiflora powder 58.00mg, lettuce aqueous powdered excessive use), systemic urticaria, extract 29.00mg, valerian dry extract allergic dermatitis, respiratory allergy, 50.00mg, thiamin hydrochloride (vit anaphylaxis, on contact with the herb B1) 0.71mg, riboflavin (vit B2) 0.57mg, or oil5, 28. nicotinamide 4.59mg. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Drug interactions: Pharmaceutical Silvia® Feminin Formula (Alta Care) sedatives, anti-oestrogenic drugs, Ampoules; Soya 999mg, hops 333mg, cocaine, paracetamol, diazepam, wild yam 333mg, melilot flower 1500mg, phenobarbital5, 28, 236. magnesium 100mg, sage leaf 30mg, red mandarin essential oil 17mg, iron 14mg, Dose: Up to three times daily and borage oil 10mg, EPO 10mg. before going to bed: dried strobiles, Syrup; Blueberry juice 5190mg, honey sugar free 3000mg, soya extract 600mg 0.5-1 gm or in infusion; liquid extract (6-10% isoflavones), sage leaf extract (1:1, 45% ethanol), 0.5-1 ml; tincture 500mg, wild yam extract 250mg (6-10% (1:5, 60% ethanol), 1-2 ml5, 45. disogenina), hops extract 200mg, papaya

~ 91 ~ horehound extract 200mg, blueberry aroma 50mg, Silvia® Women (Alta Care) sodium benzoate 10ml. Patches; Hops extract, acrylates Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. copolymer, triethanolamine, glycine soya oil, propylene glycol, ethoxy-diglycol. Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd.

HOREHOUND Marrubium vulgare

Family: Labiatae Cautions: Heart disease, GI Medicinal Parts: Whole herb, disorders239. collected during flowering. Contraindications: Pregnancy28, 239. Indications: Internal Side-effects: Rash, arrhythmias, Principal: Respiratory catarrh, acute hypotension, decreased blood sugar, & chronic bronchitis, whooping vomiting, diarrhoea239. cough, poor digestion9, 28. Major: Type 2 diabetes237, Drug interactions: SSRIs, hypercholesterolaemia238, ondansetron, bromocriptine239. hypertension. Minor: Loss of appetite, bloating & Dose: Average daily dose: 4.5 gm of flatulence, diarrhoea, jaundice, painful the drug; 30 to 60 ml pressed juice28. menstruation28. External Erbalax® Delicato Capsule (Erba Vita) Ulcers, skin damage, mouth and see Rhubarb throat infections28.

HORNY GOAT WEED Herba epimedii

Family: Berberidaceae Minor: Age related learning and Medicinal Parts: Leaf. memory impairment241, 242, asthma245.

Indications: Contraindications: Heart disease, Principal: Decreased male sexual mood disorders241. function240, 241, 242, osteoporosis243. Major: Arthralgia241, rheumatoid Side-effects: Aggressiveness, arthritis244. irritability, fever, tachyarrhythmia, hypomania241, 246.

~ 92 ~ horse chestnut

Drug interactions: Phosphodiesterase Dose: 1 to 3 gm daily246. type-5 inhibitors244.

HORSE CHESTNUT Aesculus hippocastanum

Family: Hippocastanaceae Drug interactions: Warfarin, heparin, Medicinal Parts: Seed. Less salicylates, antiplatelet drugs14, 28, 250, commonly bark, flower & leaf. digoxin251.

Indications: Dose: 50-100 mg escin twice daily. Principal: Vascular insufficiency, The dose may be reduced to a especially varicose veins247, venous maintenance dose of 50 mg escin ulcers248, 249, haemorrhoids & once daily after 8 weeks5, 250. inflammation5, 9, 14, 19, 28. Major: Oedema, swelling, pain, Flodol® (Alta Care) see Meadowsweet itching, feeling of heaviness, Horse Chestnut (HealthAid) nocturnal cramp in the lower legs247, 5, 19, 28 Tablets; Horse chestnut powder 1000mg menstrual pain . (standardised to contain 20% aescin). Minor: Bruising, sprains, spinal Local Distributor: Galea & Galea problems, diarrhoea, fever, enlarged prostate5, 9, 28. Horse Chestnut Complex (Lamberts) Others: Arthritis, rheumatism28. Tablets; Horse Chestnut 1390mg providing aescin 50mg (provided by 278mg of a 5:1 extract), butcher’s broom Cautions: Aesculus hippocastanum 56.25mg (provided by 14.06mg of a 4:1 should be taken with food; should be extract), rutin 12.5mg, grapeseed 125mg avoided by people with infectious or (provided by 2.5mg of a 50:1 extract). inflammatory conditions of the GI Local Distributor: Health Plus tract, including celiac disease and ® malabsorption disorders; pregnancy & Organic Aloe Vera (dr.organic ) see Aloe Vera breast feeding5. Organic Pomegranate (dr.organic®) see Contraindications: Should not Pomegranate be applied topically to broken or ulcerated skin5; hepatic or renal Organic Tea Tree (dr.organic®) see Tea tree insufficiency250. Venaforce® (A.Vogel) Side-effects: Gastric irritation, skin Tablets; 157.5mg – 225.0mg horse irritation, dizziness, nausea, headache, chestnut extract from fresh seeds, pruritus5, 9, 14, 19. corresponding to 50mg triterpene

~ 93 ~ horseradish glycosides. V-VeinTM (HealthAid) Local Distributor: Health Plus Tablets; 250mg standardised horse chestnut extract 2:1 (seed), 150mg Venagel (A.Vogel) standardised butcher’s broom extract 2:1 Gel; Horse chestnut seeds extract. (root), 150mg standardised hawthorn Local Distributor: Health Plus berry extract 2:1 (berry), 150mg citrus bioflavonoids (fruit), 125mg standardised Venalta® (Alta Care) see Grapeseed bilberry extract 2:1 (berry), 100mg standardised prickly ash extract 2:1 Vitiven® ultra cold (Arkopharma) see (berry), 100mg standardised ginger extract Butcher’s Broom 2:1 (root), 60mg standardised cayenne extract 2:1 (fruit), 50mg standardised ginkgo biloba extract 10:1 (leaf). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

HORSERADISH Armoracia rusticana

Family: Brassicaceae Contraindications: Pregnancy, Medicinal Parts: Roots, leaves. lactation, children under 4 years of age9, 28. Indications: Principal: Nasal congestion, sinusitis5, Side-effects: GI upsets, vomiting, 9, 28, 252. diarrhoea, irritation of mucous Major: Urinary tract infections, membranes5; irritation, blistering or bronchitis252, joint & tissue allergic reactions with skin contact of inflammation5, 28. fresh horseradish5, 9. Minor: Gall bladder disorders, reducing oedema5, 28. Drug interactions: None known. Others: As an abortifacient5. Dose: 2-20 g/day of the root or Cautions: People with stomach & equivalent preparations before meals. intestinal ulcers, kidney disorders, Topical preparations with a maximum hypothyroidism, patients receiving of 2% mustard oil content5, 9. thyroxine5, 9.

~ 94 ~ horsetail

HORSETAIL Equisetum arvense

Family: Equisetaceae cardiac insufficiency, hypertonia28. Medicinal Parts: Barren stems. Contraindications: Oedema due to Indications: impaired heart or kidney function28. Principal: Urinary tract complaints including cystitis253, prostatitis, Side-effects: None known. urethritis, enuresis254, 255, 256. Major: Kidney & bladder stones, Drug interactions: Lithium255. post-traumatic & static oedema294, wounds, burns256. Dose: 6 gm of herb daily administered Minor: Brittle fingernails, loss of hair, with plenty of fluids; Liquid extract: rheumatic diseases, chilblains28, 256. 1 to 4 ml 3 times daily; Tea: 2-3 gm per cup repeatedly during the day Cautions: Consult a doctor when between mealtimes28. the drug is utilized as a bath additive in cases of major skin lesions, acute Horsetail (HealthAid) skin lesions of unknown origin, major Liquid; Horsetail extract 1:5 (equiv. of 200mg of horsetail herb) in 1ml. feverish and infectious diseases, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

HYDRANGEA Hydrangea arborescens

Family: Hydrangeaceae Contraindications: Pregnancy19. Medicinal Parts: Dried rhizomes and roots. Side-effects: Contact dermatitis257, gastro-enteritis9. Indications: Principal: Bladder and kidney stones9, Drug interactions: None known. 19, 28. Major: Other genito-urinary Dose: Three times daily: dried complaints such as cystitis, urethritis rhizome and root, 2-4 gm or by & prostatitis19. decoction; liquid extract 1:1 in 25% Minor: Enlarged prostate gland9. alcohol, 2-4 ml; tincture 1:5 in 45% alcohol, 2-10 ml19.

~ 95 ~ hyssop

HYSSOP Hyssopus officinalis

Family: Labiatae Contraindications: Pregnancy19. Medicinal Parts: Leaves, flower tips. Side-effects: None known at Indications: therapeutic dose levels. Principal: Bronchitis, common colds, chronic nasal catarrh, coughs, Drug interactions: None known. asthma28, 19. Major: Sore throat, hoarsness (as a Dose: Adults, three times daily: dried gargle), congested nose due to colds herb, usually in infusion, 2-4g; liquid (topically)19. extract 1:1 in 25% ethanol, 2-4ml; Minor: For the gentle stimulation of tincture 1:5 in 45% alcohol, 5-10ml45. circulation, intestinal catarrhs28.

ICELAND MOSS Cetraria islandica

Family: Parmeliaceae Side-effects: None known. Medicinal Parts: Dried thallus. Drug interactions: None known. Indications: Principal: Irritation of the oral and Dose: Adults: three or four times pharyngeal mucous membranes and daily: 1-2 gm of dried lichen as a accompanying dry cough, hoarseness, decoction or infusion; tincture (1:5 sore throat8, 19, 28. in 40% alcohol), 1-1.5ml; equivalent Major: Bronchitis, bronchial asthma, preparations19. respiratory catarrh, loss of appetite19, 28. Broncovit® (Erba vita) see Grindelia Minor: Gastritis, digestive complaints, nausea and vomiting (in particular in Isla Cassis 19, 28 Lozenges; Aqueous iceland moss extract pregnancy and with migraine) . 80mg. Others: Gastric & duodenal ulcers, Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. irritable bowel syndrome, cachexia, tumours19. Isla Mint Lozenges; Aqueous iceland moss extract Cautions/Contraindications: None 80mg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. known.

~ 96 ~ ivy leaf

Isla Moss Organic Pomegranate (dr.organic®) see Lozenges; Aqueous iceland moss extract Pomegranate 80mg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Organic Tea Tree (dr.organic®) see Tea tree

IVY LEAF Hedera helix

Family: Araliaceae Side-effects: GI upset, contact Medicinal Parts: Leaves. dermatitis with large doses14.

Indications: Drug interactions: None known. Principal: Chronic inflammatory bronchial conditions including cough, Dose: Average daily dosage: 0.3 gm bronchitis8, 14, 28. of drug; equivalent preparations8. Minor: Gout, rheumatism, burns, wounds, calluses, rheumatic Prospan (BioRevive) complaints, phlebitis28. Syrup; Dried ivy leaf 0.7g/100ml. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Cautions/Contraindications: None known.

ISPAGHULA HUSK See Psyllium

JUNIPER Juniperus communis

Family: Cupressaceae rheumatism, arthritis, gout9, 19, 28. Medicinal Parts: Essential oil from Minor: To regulate menstruation, to berry cones, berry. relieve menstrual pain28, 258. Others: Severe irritation resulting Indications: from bronchitis, diabetes9, 28. Principal: Dyspeptic complaints, cystitis & other benign urinary tract Cautions: Hyperglycaemia; disorders9, 19, 28. hypokalaemia; external administration Major: Appetite stimulant, for large skin wounds, acute skin

~ 97 ~ karela diseases, feverish diseases, cardiac Aquaflow® (HealthAid) see Dandelion insufficiency, hypertonia9, 28. CellusiteTM (HealthAid) see White Willow

Contraindications: Renal disease, Flodol® (Alta Care) see Meadowsweet pregnancy, lactation9, 19, 28. Hip & Thigh Formula (HealthAid) see Side-effects: Prolonged use or White Willow overdosing may cause kidney damage19. Natural Herbal Inhalant Oil (Numark) see Eucalyptus

Drug interactions: Loop diuretics, Potter’s Catarrh Pastilles (Potter’s) spironolactone, thiazide diuretics, Patilles; Eucalyptus oil BP 0.02% v/w, triamterene63. menthol BP 0.8% w/w, pumilio pine oil BP 0.6% v/w. Dose: Daily dose: from 2 gm up to a Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. maximum of 10 gm of dried juniper Slim-Rite (HealthAid) see Alfalfa berries, equiv. to 20-100 mg of the essential oil19.

KARELA Momordica charantia

Family: Curcubitaceae pregnancy, lactation, people with Medicinal Parts: Fruit, leaves. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency5, 28. Indications: Principal: Diabetes259, 260, cancer Side-effects: Headache, (breast261, gall bladder5, lung, hypoglycaemic coma, convulsions in colon262), HIV263. children5, 14. Major: Hypercholesterolaemia260, worms, viral conditions263, GI Drug interactions: Antidiabetic complaints, headaches5, 28. agents, cholesterol lowering drugs5, Minor: As an emmenagogue in 14, 28. reproductive health, psoriasis, wounds (externally)5, 28. Dose: Diabetes: Aqueous extract of bitter Cautions: Diabetics while monitoring melon fruit juice containing 100 gm their blood sugar levels regularly28. of fruit in 100ml of extract taken daily5. Contraindications: Hypoglycaemia, ~ 98 ~ kelp

DiaglucoforteTM (HealthAid) Karela (HealthAid) Tablets; Karela fruit extract 100mg, milk Tablets; Karela extract 179mg (equiv. to thistle seed extract 75mg, purple rice 1250mg karela powder). extract 200mg, alpha lipoic acid 75mg, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea zinc 7.5mg, folacin 200mcg, chromium 100mcg, copper 0.5mg, manganese 1mg, potassium 50mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

KELP Laminaria hyperborea and iodine14, ginkgo, garlic, saw Family : Fucaceae palmetto, diuretics261. Medicinal Parts: Leaves.

Indications: Dose: Dried herb: 5-10 gm or Principal: Hypothyroidism, goiter9, 14, infusion 3 times daily; Liquid extract 28, 261 (1:1 in 25% alcohol): 4-8 ml 3 times . 9 Major: Arthritis, rheumatism, daily . obesity9. 261 Boldo Multi-Herbal Complex (Healthlife) Minor: Diabetes, cancer . see Boldo

Cautions: Not to be consumed CellusiteTM (HealthAid) see White Willow for a long period of time28, CNS stimulants14, patients with bleeding Cellulite Formula (Vega) see Ginkgo disorders or taking drugs that may Cider Trim (HealthAid) increase the risk of bleeding, diabetes, Capsules; Kelp, soybean oil, cider vinegar, 261 hypoglycaemia . vitamin B6, yellow beeswax, lecithin. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Contraindications: Pregnancy, breast feeding261. Cidiet (Power Health) Capsules; Vitamin B5 4mg, kelp powder 50mg (providing iodine between 30mcg Side-effects: Increase or decrease in and 50mcg), dry apple cider vinegar blood thyroid hormone levels, acne- powder 80mg, lecithin 200mg. type skin lesions, acne exacerbation, Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. brassy taste, increased salivation, stomach irritation, kidney & nerve Colloidal Minerals Plus Kelp Formula toxicity, bleeding, reduced blood (Vega) 261 Capsules; Fossilized plant humus powder platelet count . 350mg, kelp seaweed powder 150mg (providing iodine 150mcg (min. 0.1%)). Drug interactions: Thyroid Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons medications including levothyroxine Ltd.

~ 99 ~ kidney bean

Formula VM-75 (Solgar) see Buckwheat polyphenols), blue green algae 30mg, chlorella broken cell algae 30mg, spirulina Healthy Mega (HealthAid) see algae 30mg. Buckwheat Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. Kelp (Power Health) Tablets; Kelp 500mg providing iodine on Menophase (Higher Nature) see average between 300 and 495mcg. Schisandra Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. MSM Glucosamine Joint Complex Kelp Plus Greens Formula (Vega) (Higher Nature) see Celery Capsules; Kelp seaweed powder 300mg (providing iodine 300mcg (min 0.1%)), Rejuvadeen Formula (Vega) see Green green tea leaf extract 10mg (min. 40% Tea

KIDNEY BEAN Phaseolus vulgaris

Family: Fabaceae Drug interactions: None known. Medicinal Parts: Pods, beans. Dose: The recommended daily dose is Indications: Urinary tract infections, 5 to 15 gm of herb28. kidney and bladder stones28. 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Day & Night Cautions/Contraindications: None (Arkopharma) see Green Tea known. 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Ultimate (Arkopharma) see Fenugreek Side-effects: No health hazards known in conjunction with the SiberSlimTM (HealthAid) see Siberian proper administration of designated Ginseng therapeutic dosages.

KOLA NUT Cola acuminata

Family: Sterucliaceae Major: Depression, tiredness, poor Medicinal Parts: Cotyledon. appetite9, 28, 265. Minor: Migraine headache, Indications: diarrhoea14, 28, 265. Internally Externally Principal: Lack of stamina 8, 9, 14, 28, 265. Wounds, inflammation28.

~ 100 ~ lavender

Contraindications: Pregnancy, 4.3.2.1 Performance Detox (Arkopharma) stomach or duodenal ulcers8, 9, 28. see Green Tea 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Day & Night Side-effects: Insomnia, (Arkopharma) see Green Tea hyperexcitability, nervousness, restlessness, stomach complaints8, 9, 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Organic (Arkopharma) 14, 28. see Green Tea

Drug interactions: 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Ultimate (Arkopharma) see Fenugreek Antihypertensives14, halofantrine, 265 bitter orange, ephedra . Altadrine® Lipodrainer (Alta Care) see Nettle Dose: Daily dosage: 2 to 6 gm of kola nut drug, usually taken 1 to 3 Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) see gm three times daily; 0.25 to 0.75 gm Guarana of kola extract; 2.5 to 7.5 gm of kola Male Formula (HealthAid) see Ginseng liquid extract; 10 to 30 gm of kola Korean tincture; 60 to 180 gm of kola wine28. Male MaxTM (HealthAid) see Ginseng Korean

LAVENDER Lavandula officinalis

Family: Labiatae before widespread application5, 28. Medicinal Parts: Flower. Contraindications: Pregnancy & Indications: lactation28. Principal: Anxiety, insomnia, lack of concentration5, 8, 14, 28. Side-effects: Major: Dyspepsia, bloating8, alopecia, Major: Drowsiness, GI disturbance, perineal discomfort following skin irritation5, 28. childbirth, burns, insect bites5. Minor: Prepubertal gynecomastia in Minor: Migraine, neuralgia, minor boys5. cuts & bruises, strained muscles, acne, eczema5, 28. Drug interactions: Pharmaceutical Others: Varicose ulcers, loss of voice sedatives, antidepressants5. (in a gargle)5. Dose: Cautions: Topical preparations should Infusion (tea): 1.5gm dried flowers in be tested on a small area of skin 150ml water.

~ 101 ~ lemon balm

Internal: 1-4 drops (20-80mg) on a Jointace Gel (Vitabiotics) see Ginger sugar cube. Liquid extract (1:2): 2-4.5 ml/day. Jointace Patch (Vitabiotics) see Ginger External use: Mix 20 drops of oil with Migrastick (Arkopharma) see Peppermint 20ml of carrier oil such as almond oil; may be applied undiluted to insect Multi-Mam® BabyWash (Multi-Mam) see bites or stings. Aloe Vera As a bath additive: 20-100gm ® lavender flowers are commonly Organic Lavender (dr.organic ) Oil; Lavender oil. steeped in 2 L boiling water, strained, 5 Lotion; Lavender oil, aloe vera, cocoa and then added to the bathwater . butter, shea butter, olive oil, sunflower oil, Irish moss, vitamin A, vitamin E. Aloe Vera (HealthAid) see Aloe Vera Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Arnica (HealthAid) see Arnica Pectovit® (Erba Vita) see Grindelia

Calendula (HealthAid) see Marigold Sedivitax (Aboca) see Passionflower

Calma Baby (Erba Vita) see Linden Tea Tree (Bios Line) see Tea Tree

Dermavital (HealthAid) see Aloe Vera Venalta® (Alta Care) see Grapeseed

Evening Primrose (HealthAid) see Venis® Sollievo (Erba Vita) see Grapeseed Evening Primrose

LEMON BALM Melissa officinalis

Family: Labiatae Cautions: Limit alcohol intake, Medicinal Parts: Aerial parts. diabetes, alcohol dependence, liver disease270. Indications: Internally Contraindications: Hypothyroidism, Principal: Anxiety, nervousness, pregnancy5, 270. insomnia5, 8, 28, 266, 267. Major: To improve cognitive Side-effects: Drowsiness270. function, Alzheimer’s disease268, 269, gastrointestinal conditions associated Drug interactions: Barbiturates, with spasm and nervousness5, 8, 28, 267. cholinergic drugs5, 270. Externally Herpes simplex type 1, rheumatism, Dose: Fresh herb: 1.5-4.5 gm two- nerve pain, stiff neck5, 28. three times daily; Infusion: 1.5-4.5

~ 102 ~ lemongrass gm in 150 ml water; Fluid extract neroli essential oil, bitter orange, (1:1) (g/ml): 6-12 ml/day; Ointment: olibanum essential oil. 700 mg/g ointment applied four times Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. 5 daily for herpes simplex infection . Controller® Natural Sleep (Alta Care) see Linden 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Day & Night (Arkopharma) see Green Tea Melissa Leaf Extract (HealthAid) Capsules; Melissa leaf extract 4:1 (lemon Calma Baby (Erba Vita) see Linden balm) 138mg equiv. to 550mg of Melissa leaf powder. Candiclear (Higher Nature) see Thyme Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Colic Baby (Erba Vita) see Linden Refreshall® (Lamberts) see Ginkgo

Controller (Alta Care) Sedivitax (Aboca) see Passionflower Patches; Lemon balm, roman chamomile,

LEMONGRASS Cymbopogon citratus

Family: Poaceae Dose: 2g of dried leaf in 150ml of Medicinal Parts: Dried leaves, oil. water; two fresh minced leaves or 2 gm of powdered dried leaf is used28. Indications: Principal: GI symptoms, as a mild Citronella Geranium Aerosol Free astringent8, 28. Nebuliser (Sella) Major: Lumbago, neuralgic & Spray; Citronella essential oil 5%, geranium essential oil 0.5%. rheumatic pain, sprains, colds, Local Distributor: Premier Healthcare bronchitis, fever28. Minor: Insect repellent8. Citronella Geranium for Children (Sella) Cream; Citronella essential oil 5%, Contraindications: Pregnancy28. geranium essential oil 0.5%. Local Distributor: Premier Healthcare

Side-effects: Rarely, allergic Citronella Geranium Stick (Sella) 8, 28 reactions . Cream; Citronella essential oil 5%, geranium essential oil 0.5%. Drug interactions: None known. Local Distributor: Premier Healthcare

~ 103 ~ licorice

LICORICE Glycyrrhiza glabra

Family: Leguminosae Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, Medicinal Parts: Root, stolon. antihypertensives, chemotherapy (paclitaxel & vinblastine), Indications: corticosteroids, digitalis glycosides, Principal: Peptic ulcer271, 272, diuretics, iron compounds, laxatives, dyspepsia, dermatitis273, 5, 9, 14, 28, 45, 274. oral contraceptive pill, potassium, Major: Viral infections (SARS- ulcer-healing drugs, warfarin, drugs associated CV, HIV, influenza, metabolized by liver enzymes HSV-1)271, 275, 276, respiratory tract CYP3A4, 2B6, 2C9, 2E1 or 1A15, 14, infections276, chronic stress5, 9, 28, 45, 274. 28, 274. Minor: Chronic fatigue syndrome, polycystic ovary disease, preventing Dose: Fluid extract (1:1): 2-4 ml diabetic complications, menopause, three times daily or 15-40 ml/week; weight loss, Addison’s disease5, 28. Root: 5-15 g/day; Tea: pour 150 ml Others: Rheumatism277, arthritis, of boiling water over 1 teaspoon adrenocorticoid insufficiency45. (2-4 gm) licorice root, simmer for 5 minutes and filter through a tea Cautions: Hypertension (or a genetic strainer after cooling5. predisposition to hypertension), fluid retention, men with a history of 2-Day DetoxPlan (HealthAid) see Milk impotence, infertility or decreased Thistle libido5, 9. Altaflora® Gastrogel (Alta Care) see Aloe Vera Contraindications: Hypokalaemia, cirrhosis of the liver, hypotonia, Coloclear Extra (Higher Nature) see severe renal insufficiency, diabetes Flaxseed mellitus, pregnancy5, 9, 14, 28, 45. DigestivAid No Acid (ESI) Chewable tablets; Carbonated calcium Side-effects: 160mg, licorice 120mg, fossil coral Principal: Hypercortisolism, 100mg, apple pectin 30mg, papaya pseudohyperaldosteronism, 16.5mg. hypokalaemia, hypertension, Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. encephalopathy, oedema, weight gain. Major: Hypokalaemic paralysis, Echinacea Plus Ginseng & Astragalus Herbal Complex (Vega) see Echinacea rhabdomyolysis, juvenile hypertension, decreased testosterone. Erbalax® Delicato Sciroppo (Erba Vita) Minor: Visual disturbance, dropped see Rhubarb head syndrome5, 9, 14, 28, 45.

~ 104 ~ linden

Erbalax® Forte Compresse (Erba Vita) 330mg of liquorice herb) in 1ml. see Senna Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Flodol® (Alta Care) see Meadowsweet Organic Aloe Vera (dr.organic®) see Aloe Vera Gastro-Vit Formula (Vega) see Aloe Vera Potter’s Sugar Free Cough Pastilles Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) see (Potter’s) Guarana Pastilles; Liquorice extract 5.7% w/w, menthol 0.5% w/w, benzoin tincture 0.5% Ivy-Thyme Complex (A.Vogel) see Thyme v/w, aniseed oil 0.3% v/w, peppermint oil 0.025% v/w. Liquorice (HealthAid) Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Liquid; Liquorice extract 1:3 (equiv. of Vegilax® (HealthAid) see Blessed Thistle

LINDEN Tilia species

Family: Tiliaceae administration of designated Medicinal Parts: Flowers. therapeutic dosages.

Indications: Drug interactions: None known. Principal: Cough, bronchitis, catarrh of the respiratory tract, feverish colds, Dose: Three time daily: dried infectious diseases8, 9, 28, 45, 278, 279. inflorescence, 2-4 gm in infusion, Major: Hypertension279, restlessness, preferably taken hot; liquid extract anxiety28, 45, 280, 281. (1:1, 25% ethanol), 2-4 ml; tincture Minor: Migraine, hysteria, raised (1:5, 25% ethanol), 4-10 ml45. arterial pressure associated with arteriosclerosis and nervous tension8, Alkagin® (Istituto Ganassini) 9, 28, 281. see Mallow 28 Others: Leg ulcers . Calma Baby (Erba Vita) Syrup; Per 20ml: ¶¶¶Fructolysat® mixture Cautions: Cardiac disorders, of linden inflorescence 0.612ml, lemon pregnancy, lactation9. balm leaves 0.594ml, chamomile flowers 0.594ml; passionflower aerial Contraindications: None known. part 200mg; hops flowers 100mg; sweet orange flowers 100mg; lavender flowers 100mg. Side-effects: No side-effects Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. known in conjunction with proper

~ 105 ~ linseed

Colic Baby (Erba Vita) extract, lemon balm flower extract, Syrup; ¶¶¶Fructolysat® mixture (10%) of verbena extract, honey, magnesium, bitter linden inflorescence 34%, lemon balm orange flower, vitamin B6. leaves 33%, chamomile flowers 33%; dry Syrup; Ananas juice 5240mg, honey sugar extract of fennel seeds 2% (0.1% essential free 3000mg, St. John’s Wort 600mg, oil); cumin seeds 0.35%; coriander seeds linden extract 500mg, lemon balm 250mg, 0.3%. chamomile 200mg, valerian 150mg, Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. ananas aroma 50mg, sodium benzoate 10mg. Controller® Natural Sleep (Alta Care) Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. Ampoules; Hops flower extract, linden

LINSEED see Flaxseed

LUFFA Luffa aegyptica

Family: Cucurbitaceae Side-effects: None known. Medicinal Parts: Fruit. Drug interactions: None known. Indications: Principal: Prevention for infections Luffa Complex (A.Vogel) or colds, treatment for nasal catarrh, Tablets, nasal spray; Extracts of: Luffa, sinusitis28. American spikenard, heartseed, golden 28 thryallis, chapparal, okoubaka, toothpick Others: Cough, chronic bronchitis . weed. Local Distributor: Health Plus Cautions/Contraindications: None known.

¶¶¶ Fructolysat® is the total extract and concentrate (1:2) of the vital whole fresh plant, in fructo- oligosaccharides.

~ 106 ~ maca

MACA Lepidium meyenii

Family: Brassicaceae ginseng root, dry extract of maca root, Medicinal Parts: Root. micronized powder of maca root, dry extract of roseroot, dry extract of Zizyphus jujube spinosa seed, flax oil Indications: microencapsulated, linolenic acid, linoleic 282, Principal: Male sexual dysfunction acid, oleic acid, dry extract of Jiao Gu Lan 283, 284, decreased epididymal sperm leaves, L-teanina (extract from green tea count285, psychological symptoms leaves), vitamin B6, vitamin B1, vitamin (including anxiety & depression) and B12. sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. 286, 292 women . Maca (HealthAid) Major: Learning & memory Liquid; Maca extract 1:10 (equiv. of 287 288, impairment , prostatic hyperplasia 100mg of maca herb) in 1ml. 289, diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia290, Tablets; Maca powder 500mg. 292. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Minor: Protection against UVA, UVB Male Formula (HealthAid) see Ginseng and UVC291, 292. Korean

Cautions: Pregnant, breastfeeding, Male MaxTM (HealthAid) see Ginseng breast tenderness (decrease dosage), Korean children under 12 years of age292. Wellman® Conception (Vitabiotics) Tablets; Vitamin A 750mcg, vitamin Contraindications: Patients with D 15mcg, vitamin E 30mg, vitamin C 293 thyroid conditions . 90mg, vitamin B1 12mg, vitamin B2 15mg, vitamin B3 18mg, vitamin B6 Side-effects: None known. 10mg, folic acid 400mcg, vitamin B12 75mcg, biotin 150mcg, pantothenic acid 10mg, magnesium 60mg, iron 6mg, zinc Drug interactions: None 15mg, copper 1000mcg, manganese documented. 0.5mg, selenium 150mcg, chromium 50mcg, Peruvian maca 250mg, lycopene Dose: 1 dried maca extract 450 mg extract 1.5mg, pine bark extract 30mg, capsule 3 times daily taken orally octacosanol 3mg, inositol 40mg, 293 L-glutathione 2.5mg, L-arginine 10mg, with food . Siberian ginseng extract 30mg, co-enzyme Q10 2mg, L-carnitine tartarate 50mg,

AntiStress (Erba Vita) citrus bioflavonoids 10mg. Capsules; Micronized powder of siberian Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

~ 107 ~ magnolia

MAGNOLIA Magnolia glauca

Family: Magnoliaceae Contraindications: Pregnancy, Medicinal Parts: Bark. breast-feeding294.

Indications: Side-effects: None known. Principal: Stomach pain, gastroenteritis, flatulence, vomiting & Drug interactions: None known. diarrhoea associated with indigestion, poor appetite, fullness & distension of Dose: 600mg as a powder or liquid the abdomen28, 294. extract once or twice daily at Major: Fever (malarial fever, fever of mealtimes28, 294. a typhoid type), pain & inflammation of rheumatism & gout, upper Magnolia Extract (HealthAid) respiratory tract infections & spasms Tablets; Magnolia extract 500mg (standardised to contain 2% Honokiol), including asthma, coughs, profuse Philodendron amurense extract 250mg phlegm in the lungs, shortness of (standardised to contain 0.1% berberine), breath and fullness & pressure in the passionflower extract (1:4) 120mg. chest area294. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Minor: Obesity & weight TM management, substitute for tobacco294. Tranquil (HealthAid) see Hawthorn

MAIZE see Corn Silk

MALLOW (High Mallow) Malva sylvestris

Family: Malvaceae Major: Gastroenteritis, bladder Medicinal Parts: Leaves, roots, complaints, wound management (used flowers. externally for the latter indication)28.

Indications: Cautions/Contraindications: None Principal: Cough, bronchitis, known. inflammation of the mouth & pharynx28, 295. Side-effects: None known in conjunction with the proper

~ 108 ~ marigold administration of designated Powder; Mallow extract, calendula therapeutic dosages. extract, linden extract, extracts from wheat, rice and corn grains, tapioca starch, zinc oxide, ethyl linoleate, ethyl Dose: Average daily dose: 5 gm of the 28 linolenate, tocopheryl acetate. drug; Tea: drink 2 to 3 times a day . Wipes; Mallow, calendula, linden, potassium glycyrrhizate, vitamin E Alkagin® (Istituto Ganassini) (tocopherol acetate). Cleansing solution, ovules; Extracts of Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. mallow, linden & calendula. Gel; Mallow extract, linden extract, Erbalax® Delicato Capsule (Erba Vita) marigold extract, aloe vera, peppermint, see Rhubarb panthenol, hyaluronic acid, hydrolyzed glycosaminoglycan.

MARIGOLD Calendula officinalis

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Others: Eczema, proctitis, frostbite299, Medicinal Parts: The flowers are 5, 19, 28 [External use]. primarily used, but the stems, younger leaves, seeds and roots all have Cautions: Patients with confirmed medicinal properties. allergy to herbs or foods from the Compositae family5, 14. Indications: Principal: Poorly healing wounds296, Contraindications: Internal use in minor burns & scalds (including pregnancy19. sunburns)297, 298, mosquito bites & bee stings, cuts, sprains, bruises, Side-effects: Irritant dermatitis5, 14, 28. inflammatory skin lesions296, 298, 5, 9, 14, 19, 28, 302 [External use]. Drug interactions: None known. Major: Varicose veins, haemorrhoids, crural ulcer300, prophylaxis Dose: Dried herb: 1-2 gm as an & treatment of bedsores, infusion daily in divided doses; conjunctivitis299, 301, 5, 9, 14, 19, 28 [External Liquid extract (1:2): 15-30 ml/week use]. for internal use or 1.5-4.5 ml/day in Minor: Gastric & duodenal ulcers, divided doses; dilute 1:3 for external gastrointestinal inflammatory application; Tincture (1:5): 0.3-1.2 ml disorders296, gingivitis, amenorrhoea, three times daily5. dysmenorrhoea, epistaxis301, 5, 9, 19, 28 [Internal use]. Alkagin® (Istituto Ganassini) see Mallow

~ 109 ~ marshmallow

Calendula (HealthAid) Organic Aloe Vera (dr.organic®) see Aloe Cream; Sweet almond oil, calendula, Vera lavender oil, ylang-ylang. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Organic Aloe Vera Gel Infused with Cucumber, Witch Hazel and Calendula Calendula Cream (Nelsons) (dr.organic®) see Aloe Vera Cream; Calendula officinalis tincture 0.9% v/w. Otolaya (Inebios) Local Distributor: Serolf Trading Agency Nasal spray solution; Himalaya salt rich in trace elements including copper, HypercalTM (Nelsons) Calendula officinalis, glycerine. Cream; Calendula officinalistincture Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. 0.45% v/w, Hypericum perforatum tincture 0.45% v/w. Silvia® Women Formula (Alta Care) see Local Distributor: Serolf Trading Agency Guarana

MARSHMALLOW Althaea officinalis

Family: Malvaceae Contraindications: None known. Medicinal Parts: Leaf, root. Side-effects: None known. Indications: Internal Drug interactions: Concurrent Principal: Dry irritating coughs303, use may result in impaired drug respiratory catarrh & bronchitis, absorption. Administration of irritation & inflammation of the oral marshmallow should be separated by and pharyngeal mucosa304, 305, 8, 9, 19, 28. at least two hours from that of other Major: Digestive tract disorders orally-administered drugs28. (including enteritis & peptic ulcer304), urinary tract disorders (including Dose: Up to three times daily: cystitis & urethritis)305, 9, 19. dried leaf, 2-5 gm as an infusion External or equaivalent preparation; liquid Principal: Mouth & throat extract (1:1 in 25% ethanol), 2-5 ml. inflammations (as a gargle)304, 8, 9, 19, 28. Topically: 5% powdered leaf in an Major: Skin disorders including ointment base9, 19. abrasions, fissures, insect stings, boils, abscesses & ulcers9, 19. Altaflora® Transit (Alta Care) see Rhubarb Cautions: Marshmallow may interfere with existing hypoglycaemic therapy9.

~ 110 ~ maté

MATÉ Ilex paraguariensis

Family: Aquifoliaceae of caffeine from the body may be Medicinal Parts: Leaf. enhanced or retarded by concomitant use of certain other drugs14, 19. Indications: Principal: Mental & physical fatigue, Dose: Three times daily: 1-2 gm of headache8, 9, 19, 28, 306. dried leaf or an equivalent preparation Major: Mild depression, rheumatic such as an infusion or liquid extract pains9, 19, 28, 307. 1:1 in 25% alcohol19. Minor: Adjuvant in slimming regimens14, oliguria19. 4.3.2.1 Performance Detox (Arkopharma) Others: As a prophylaxis against fever see Green Tea and infection28. 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Day & Night (Arkopharma) see Green Tea Cautions: Hypertension, cardiac disorders, pregnancy, lactation9. 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Organic (Arkopharma) see Green Tea Contraindications: None known. 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Ultimate (Arkopharma) see Fenugreek Side-effects: Anxiety, tremors, palpitations, withdrawal headaches, Biofreeze® Pain Relieving Gel (Biofreeze) nervousness, restlessness, insomnia9, Gel; Natural menthol, Ilex paraguariensis 14. extract. Local Distributor: Collis William Ltd. Drug interactions: Centrally acting Zotrim (Nature’s Remedies) drugs, OTC nasal decongestants, Tablets; Maté extract 27.5%, guarana sedating antihistamines, antinausea extract 23.3%, damiana extract 9%. agents. The metabolic clearance Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd.

MEADOWSWEET Filipendula ulmaria

Family: Rosaceae fever, gastrointestinal conditions Medicinal Parts: Aerial parts. (hyperacidity, acidic dyspepsia, peptic ulceration)5, 8, 9, 28, 45, 308. Indications: Major: Conditions associated with Principal: Supportive therapy mild to moderate pain – rheumatism for colds, cough, bronchitis, of joints & muscles5, 9, 28, 308.

~ 111 ~ meadowsweet

Minor: Gout, bladder & kidney Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. disease5, 9, 28, 308. Altacura® Influtuss (Alta Care) Cautions: Asthmatics9. Syrup; Lemon concentrate 96.65g, honey 2.00g, glycerol 1.20g, vitamin C 60mg, Contraindications: Salicylate xanthane 24mg, zinc gluconate 15mg, 5, 9, 45 propolis 14mg, potassium sorbate 10mg, sensitivity, pregnancy . meadowsweet extract 10mg, sodium methyl parahydroxybenzoate 10mg, Side-effects: None known. aspartame 2mg, potassium acesulfame 2mg, lemon flavour 1mg. Drug interactions: Anticoagulant or Tablets; Sorbitol 313.4mg, papaya fruit antiplatelet drugs (warfarin, aspirin, 60.0mg, vitamin C 60.0mg, propolis simple analgesics)5, 14, 308. 30.0mg, zinc oxide 18.7mg, magnesium stearate 5.0mg, lemon flavour 5.0mg, Dose: Fresh flowers: 2.5-3.5 gm/day; mint essential oil 3.0mg, silica 2.0mg, curcuma extract 2.0mg, aspartame 0.4mg, fresh herb: 4-5 g/day; Infusion: Steep potassium acesulfame 0.4mg. 2-3 gm in 150 ml boiled water for 10 Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. minutes and drink as hot as tolerable; ® fluid extract: (1:1) (gm/ml): 2-3 ml/ Altadrine Day Burner (Alta Care) see day5. Grapeseed

® 2-Day DetoxPlan (HealthAid) see Milk Altadrine Night Burner (Alta Care) see Thistle Green Tea

® Altacura® Broncotuss (Alta Care) Flodol (Alta Care) Syrup; Orange concentrate 98.65g, Patches; Meadowsweet, liquorice, arnica, glycerol 1.20g, vitamin C 60mg, horse chestnut, devil’s claw, bromelain, meadowsweet extract 20mg, propolis papaya, juniper, peppermint, yu zhu, 14mg, orange flavour 14mg, thyme extract propylene glycol. 10mg, eucalyptus extract 10mg, sodium Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. methyl parahydroxybenzoate 10mg, Flodol® Artro (Alta Care) potassium sorbate 10mg, aspartame 2mg, Ampoules; Pawpaw juice 1g, pineapple potassium acesulfame 2mg. juice powder 1g, magnesium citrate Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. 150mg, lithothamne powder algae Altacura® Infludrink (Alta Care) 60mg, potassium citrate 35mg, sodium Sachets; Lemon powder 1600mg, citrate 20mg, iron citrate 15mg, calcium vitamin C 1105mg, maltodextrin 849mg, citrate 10mg, manganese chloride 1g, meadowsweet flower dried extract (4:1) meadowsweet 0.5g, ginseng root 0.5g, 100mg, ginseng root dried extract 100mg, stinging nettle aerial parts 1.5g, great propolis dried extract 50mg, guarana seed burdock 1g, blackcurrant leaves 0.5g, dried extract 50mg, echinacea plant dried fructose 40mg, blackcurrant natural flavor extract 50mg, lemon flavour 50mg, zinc 10mg, lemon juice 150mcg, essential oxide 18.8mg, aspartame 10mg, potassium oils: angelica 150mcg, caraway 150mcg, acesulfame 10mg, silica 5mg, vitamin B6 coriander 150mcg, rosemary 150mcg. 2mg. Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd.

~ 112 ~ melilot

MELILOT See Sweet Clover

MILK THISTLE Silybum marianum

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Drug interactions: Cisplatin, Medicinal Parts: Fruit, leaves. metronidazole, nifedipine, protease inhibitors, pyrazinamide, warfarin5, 14, Indications: 28, 320. Principal: Liver diseases309, 311, 312 – hepatocyte repair, supportive Dose: Average daily recommended treatment in patients with alcoholic dose: 12-15 gm of milk thistle seed liver disease313 with cirrhosis and/ in divided doses; Liquid extract (1:1): or abnormal liver function, acute 4-9 ml/day; liquid extract (1:2): 30-60 viral hepatitis314, hepatitis C ml/week5. infection, liver damage following exposure to chemical toxins, 2-Day DetoxPlan (HealthAid) diabetes319, jaundice, to prevent Liquid; Milk thistle extract (1:3), tamarind hepatotoxicity after poisoning with pulp concentrate (4:1), dandelion root extract (1:3), artichoke leaf extract (1:3), the mushroom Amanita phalloides, meadowsweet herb extract (1:3), burdock chemoprevention, treatment of extract (1:3), oregon grape root extract cancer310, 311, 315, 5, 8, 14, 28, 45, 320. (1:3), liquorice root extract (1:3), fennel Major: Dyspeptic complaints seed extract (1:3), yellow dock root such as flatulence and bloating310, extract (1:3), swedish bitters extract (1:3), hypercholesterolaemia309, 317, to prune juice. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea stimulate milk production318, 319, 5, 28, 45 depression . DiaglucoforteTM (HealthAid) see Karela Minor: Loss of appetite, haemorrhoids, psoriasis, skin cancer Herbal Female Complex (Solgar) see prevention309, 5, 28, 45. Black Cohosh

High Strenght Milk Thistle Extract Contraindications: Known allergy to 5 (Lifeplan) the Asteraceae family . Tablets; Milk thistle 175mg of which silymarin 140mg. Side-effects: Generally well tolerated Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. but occasionally mild GI distress ® – sweating, abdominal cramping, Livercare (HealthAid) nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea & Prolonged release tablets; Milk thistle seed powder 250mg, dandelion root weakness14, 28.

~ 113 ~ milk thistle powder 100mg, barberry root powder purpurea) extract 4:1. 100mg, turmeric powder 100mg, Local Distributor: Health Plus artichoke powder 100mg, methionine 100mg, choline 100mg, inositol 100mg, Milk Thistle Complex (HealthAid) taurine 100mg. Tablets; Milk thistle seed powder 250mg, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea dandelion root powder 100mg, barberry root powder 100mg, turmeric powder Milk Thistle (Arkopharma) 100mg, artichoke powder 100mg, choline Capsules; Milk thistle powder. citrate 100mg, inositol 100mg, taurine Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. 100mg, methionine 100mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Milk Thistle (A.Vogel) Liquid; Each ml contains tincture of milk Milk Thistle Herbal Complex (Vega) thistle fruit (1:2) 923mg equiv. to 461mg Capsules; Milk thistle seed extract 100mg fruit. (min. 80% silymarin, 30% silybin); Local Distributor: Health Plus milk thistle seed powder 100mg (equiv. to 200mg milk thistle seed herb); Vega Milk Thislte (HealthAid) Phytoantioxidant BaseTM providing Liquid; Milk thistle extract 1:3 (equiv. of antioxidants and prebiotics: apple and 330mg of milk thistle herb) in 1ml. mixed wild berries concentrate 8:1 equiv. Tablets; Milk thistle powder 125mg, milk to herb 320mg; prebiotic acacia gum thistle extract 15mg standardised for min. 160mg. 80% silymarin (equiv. to 375mg of milk Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons thistle powder). Ltd. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Milk Thistle Herb Extract (Solgar) Milk Thistle (Power Herbs) Vegicaps; Raw milk thistle herb powder Tablets; Milk thistle extract 125mg 300mg, standardised milk thistle seed (providing silybin 100mg). powdered extract 175mg (total flavonoids Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. including silymarin 140mg [80%]), PhytO2X ä (powdered blend of beta- Milk Thistle 4500mg (Lamberts) carotene prep. and ascorbic acid). Tablets; Milk Thistle 8580mg (provided Local Distributor: Natural Remedies by 286mg of a 30:1 extract) providing silymarin 200mg. Milk Thistle Plus (FSC) Local Distributor: Health Plus Capsules; Milk thistle extract 125mg (standardised to 80% silymarin), oregan Milk Thistle & Artichoke (Higher Nature) grape powder 50mg, dandelion 50mg, Capsules; 200mg milk thistle standardised schisandra root 50mg, curcmin white extract (80% silymarin, 30% silibin), herb 50mg, artichoke leaf 50mg, burdock 150mg artichoke leaf standardised extract whole root 50mg. (2.5% cynarin), 50mg schizandra fruit Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. extract 5:1, 20mg Echinacea (Echinacea

~ 114 ~ mint

MINT see Peppermint

MUIRA-PUAMA Ptychopetalum olacoides

Family: Olacaceae decoction: 0.5 to 2 ml 3 times daily; Medicinal Parts: Roots, bark. for external use, the herb can be added to baths28. Indications: Principal: Prevention of sexual Chalet® Hair Stimulant (Alta Care) see disorders, to promote sexual Saw Palmetto function28, 321, 323. Gentlemen’s ThreeTM (HealthAid) see Major: Depression, to enhance Ginseng Korean memory, nervousness28, 321, 322, 323. Minor: Diarrhoea, loss of appetite28. Herbal 3 (HealthAid) see Pumpkin

Cautions: Use with caution if taking Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) see medicines that act on the central Guarana 321 nervous system . Male Formula (HealthAid) see Ginseng Korean Contraindications: None known. Male MaxTM (HealthAid) see Ginseng Side-effects: None known. Korean

Muira Puama (HealthAid) Drug interactions: Analgesics, Liquid; Muira Puama extract 1:3 (equiv. anticoagulants, anti-platelets, MAOIs, of 330mg of muira puama herb) in 1ml. 324 SSRIs, steroid hormones . Tablets; Muira Puama leaf extract and raw powder (4:1) 140mg equiv. to 560mg of Dose: Daily dose for internal use: muira puama leaf powder. 0.5 gm of drug; for liquid extract and Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

~ 115 ~ mullein

MULLEIN Verbascum densiflorum

Family: Scrophulariaceae Side-effects: Contact dermatitis5. Medicinal Parts: Flower. Drug interactions: None noted. Indications: Principal: Bronchitis, tracheitis, Dose: Fluid extract (1:1): 1.5-2 ml coughs & colds, catarrh of the upper twice daily; tincture (1:5): 7.5-10 ml respiratory tract, asthma5, 28, 45, 325. twice daily; Dried leaf: 12-24 gm/day; Major: Wounds, burns, bruises, decoction: 1.5-2 gm of herb in 250 ml haemorrhoids, pruritis, to soften the of cold water, bought to boil for 10 skin, chronic otitis media (topical minutes, taken twice daily5. use)5, 45. Minor: Inflamed mucosa, sore throat5, Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) see 45. Guarana Tusserbe® Fluid (ESI) Cautions/Contraindications: None Syrup; Mountain pine 6ml, small plantain known. 6ml, thyme 6ml, mullein 6ml. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd.

MYRRH Commiphora molmol

Family: Burseraceae menopausal symptoms328, 5. Medicinal Parts: Gum resin, stem, Others: Schistosomiasis329, acne5. leaves. Contraindications: Known allergy, Indications: pregnancy5, 28. Principal: Oral or pharyngeal inflammation, bed sores, minor Side-effects: Restlessness, mild wounds, haemorrhoids326 [externally abdominal discomfort, GI symptoms as a tincture], respiratory conditions, such as diarrhoea & nausea5, 14. mouth ulcers, gingivitis327 [as a mouthwash], pharyngitis [as a gargle], Drug interactions: Diabetic respiratory catarrh326, 328, 329, 5, 9, 14, 28, 45. medication, lipid-lowering medication, Major: Hyperlipidaemia, anticoagulant & antiplatelet hypercholesterolaemia, medication, diltiazem, propranolol5, 28. hypertriglyceridaemia5. Minor: Dysmenorrhoea, amenorrhoea, Dose: Three times daily: Myrrh

~ 116 ~ nasturtium tincture (1:5, 90% ethanol). For Ad-muc® (Merz) see Chamomile, German external use apply undiluted tincture. As a gargle or mouthwash: 5ml of Echinacea & Black Elderberry (Higher Nature) see Echinacea tincture in a glass or water45.

NASTURTIUM Tropaeolum majus

Family: Tropaeolaceae Contraindications: GI ulcers, kidney Medicinal Parts: The whole diseases, infants or small children28. flowering plant & the seeds. Side-effects: Contact dermatitis330. Indications: Principal: Recurrent urinary tract Drug interactions: None known. infections330, 331, 332. Major: Catarrh of the upper Dose: Daily dose: extract: 14.4 mg respiratory tract, cough, bronchitis28. taken 3 times daily; infusion: 2 to 3 Minor: Mild muscular pain, menstrual cups per day; pressed juice: 30 gm per disorders, hair loss, infected & poorly day28. healing wounds [externally]28. Others: Scurvy, tuberculosis28. Slim-Rite (HealthAid) see Alfalfa

NEEM Antelaea azadirachta

Family: Meliaceae designed therapeutic dosages. Medicinal Parts: Bark, leaves, branches, seeds, latex. Drug interactions: None known.

Indications: Inflammatory and febrile Dose: There is not enough scientific diseases (including malaria and evidence to safely recommend the use leprosy), dyspeptic complaints, worm of neem28. infestations28. Herbal Cream (HealthAid) see Arnica Contraindications: None known. Neem Cream (A.Vogel) Cream; Neem leaf extract, eucalyptus, Side-effects: No health hazards or rosemary, beeswax, sunflower oil, sweet side effects are known in conjunction almond oil. with the proper administration of Local Distributor: Health Plus

~ 117 ~ nettle

Neem Leaf Herbal Complex (Vega) extract 20mg. Capsules; Neem leaf extract 200mg Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons (min. 2.5% bitter principles); Vega Ltd. Phytoantioxidant BaseTM 85mg providing antioxidants and prebiotics: apple and Neem Oil (A.Vogel) mixed wild berries concentrate 8:1 equiv. Oil; Neem oil, sweet almond oil, to herb 136mg, prebiotic acacia gum bergamot, rosemary, eucalyptus. 68mg; artemesia leaf powder 50mg; black Local Distributor: Health Plus walnut husk powder 20mg; grapefruit seed

NETTLE Urtica dioica

Family: Urticaceae reactions (skin afflictions, oedema), Medicinal Parts: Leaf, root. urticaria, pruritus5, 28, 19, 45, 337.

Indications: Drug interactions: Diuretics, Principal: Benign prostatic antiplatelets, anticoagulants hyperplasia333 & difficulties in passing (including heparin & warfarin), urine334 (root), allergic rhinitis335 (leaf antihypertensive medicines, extracts), arthritic conditions (whole finasteride, anticonvulsants, nettle extracts)5, 8, 14, 28, 45, 336. hypoglycaemic drugs5, 337. Major: Kidney & bladder stones5, 28, hereditary hair loss, chilblains. Dose: Minor: Diarrhoea, colon diseases, Leaf: Dry extract: 0.6-2.1 g/day in internal bleeding, chronic skin divided doses; liquid extract (1:2): 2-6 eruptions such as eczema5, 9, 28. ml/day. Others: Dysentery; dandruff & oily Root: 4-6 g/day cut root5, 9. hair [externally]28. AllergforteTM (HealthAid) Cautions: Known sensitivities or Tablets; Stinging nettle extract 100mg, 5, 28 elderberry powder 50mg, bromelain allergies to the herb ; swelling or powder 50mg, ginger powder 50mg, fluid retention caused by heart failure, chickweed powder 50mg, turmeric extract kidney conditions (avoid use of (4:1) 31.5mg, querceptin 75mg, vitamin nettle’s aerial parts, especially with C 30mg. excessive amounts of water)337. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Altadrine® Lipodrainer (Alta Care) Contraindications: Pregnancy5, 28, 337 Syrup; Ananas concentrated juice breast-feeding, diabetic patients . 6425mg, sugar free honey 3000mg, bromelaine 250mg, carrot powder 150mg, Side-effects: GI discomfort, allergic stinging nettle leaf 80mg, kola nut 50mg,

~ 118 ~ oats bitter orange fruit 50mg, green tea leaf MSM Glucosamine Joint Complex 50mg, tomato powder 50mg, paullina (Higher Nature) see Celery cubana 30mg, fennel fruit 30mg, sodium benzoate 10mg. Nettle Leaf (HealthAid) Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. Liquid; Nettle leaf extract 1:4 (equiv. of 250mg of nettle leaf herb) in 1ml. Altadrine® Night Burner (Alta Care) see Tablets; Nettle leaf extract and raw Green Tea powder (4:1) 140mg equiv. to 560mg of nettle leaf powder. Carbogas (Sella) see Fennel Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Chalet® Hair Stimulant (Alta Care) see Prostavital® (HealthAid) see Pumpkin Saw Palmetto Urtica (A.Vogel) Cysticare® (HealthAid) see Cranberry Liquid; Tincture of organically grown fresh stinging nettle leaves and root, Flodol® Artro (Alta Care) see extracted in alcohol (50% v/v). Meadowsweet Local Distributor: Health Plus

OATS Avena sativa

Family: Poaceae Contraindications: Patients with Medicinal Parts: The whole coeliac disease, intestinal obstruction5, flowering plant, including the oat 28. straw and the seed. Side-effects: Flatulence, anal Indications: irritation5. Principal: Hyperlipidaemia338, 339, hypertension340, pruritus, blood sugar Drug interactions: regulation (diabetes)341. Antihypertensives, lipid-lowering Major: Libido, exhaustion, insomnia, medications including statins5, 28. anxiety, neurasthenia, GI complaints, consequences of nicotine abuse5, 8, 28. Dose: 1-4 gm three times daily of Minor: Rheumatism, bladder oatmeal or straw; 20-40 ml/week 1:2 weakness, gout, kidney ailments28. tincture5.

Cautions: Oat bran products should CarbonFlor® (Erba Vita) see Aniseed be taken with large amounts of Cholestro-Vit Formula (Vega) see Garlic water to assure that the fiber is well 28 dispersed in the bowel . ColestroforteTM (HealthAid) see Fenugreek

~ 119 ~ olive

Femmevit® (HealthAid) see Starflower Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Gastro-Vit Formula (Vega) see Aloe Vera Passiflora Complex (A.Vogel) see Passionflower Hi-Active Formula (Vega) Capsules; Oat straw extract 10:1 equiv. to Premenstrual Formula (Vega) herb 500mg, starflower seed oil powder Capsules; Oat straw extract 10:1 equiv. 33% 100mg (min. 20% GLA), soy lecithin to herb 250mg, evening primrose seed oil powder 67mg, vitamin C 30mg, choline powder 33% 100mg (providing min. 10% bitartrate 20mg, inositol 20mg, niacin GLA), magnesium oxide 100mg, niacin 18mg, L-glutamine 10mg, L-tyrosine 36mg, vitamin C 30mg, green tea leaf 10mg, vitamin E 10mg, zinc 7.5mg, iron extract 20mg (min. 40% polyphenols), 7mg, pantothenic acid 6mg, beta carotene vitamin E 20mg, pantothenic acid 12mg, 2.4mg, vitamin B6 2mg, vitamin B2 zinc 7.5mg, iron 7mg, vitamin B6 4mg, 1.6mg, vitamin B1 1.4mg, manganese vitamin B2 3.2mg, vitamin B1 2.8mg, 0.25mg, folate 200mcg, selenium 100mcg, beta carotene 2.4mg, folate 400mcg, copper 50mcg, vitamin B12 1mcg. manganese 0.25mg, chromium 200mcg, Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons selenium 100mcg, selenium 100mcg, Ltd. iodine 75mcg, copper 50mcg, vitamin B12 2mcg. Oat Seed (HealthAid) Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Liquid; Oat seed extract 1:2 (equiv. of Ltd. 500mg of oat seed herb) in 1ml.

OLIVE Olea europaea

Family: Oleaceae Olive Oil Medicinal Parts: Fruit, leaf. Principal: Hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia345, 346, psoriasis, Indications: eczema, sun burn, mild burns, Olive leaves rheumatism28. Principal: Arteriosclerosis, Major: Used as a laxative to soften hypertension342, 343, 344. impacted faeces, gallbladder Major: Symptomatic relief in inflammation, flatulence5, cancer osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis342, prevention (prostate, colon & breast)345, gout, fever, asthma, tonsillitis, 346. pharyngitis, diabetes343. Minor: Roemhel syndrome, GI ulcers, Minor: Bacterial (such as bronchitis kidney stones5, 28. & tonsillitis), fungal (such as vaginal candidiasis, Tinea pedis & Tinea Cautions: Known allergies to the capitis) and viral infections (such as Oleaceae family of plants5, biliary herpes simplex)342, 344. tract stones28.

~ 120 ~ oregon grape

Contraindications: None known. CandawayTM (Lamberts) see Cinnamon

Side-effects: Seasonal respiratory Echinacea & Black Elderberry (Higher Nature) see Echinacea allergies5. Olive Leaf Extract (Power Herbs) Drug interactions: Hypoglycaemic Tablets; Olive leaf extract 450mg (6% agents, hypertensive agents5. oleuropein 27mg). Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Dose: Organic Lavender (dr.organic®) see Olive leaf extract: 5ml three times Lavender daily with water or juice if necessary. Olive oil: Should replace dietary Tea Tree (Bios Line) see Tea Tree intake of saturated fats and be consumed as part of a Mediterranean style diet5.

OREGON GRAPE Mahonia aquifolium

Family: Berberidaceae side effects are known in conjunction Medicinal Parts: Roots. with the proper administration of designed therapeutic dosages28. Indications: Principal: Scaly skin, psoriasis347, Drug interactions: None known. eczema348. Major: Bronchitis, diarrhoea, gastritis, Dose: Fluid extract: 10-20 drops cholecystitis, liver & gallbladder diluted and taken every 3-4 hours as conditions28, 349. needed; Tincture: 20-40 drops per day; standardized alkaloid extracts: Contraindications: Pregnancy28. 250 mg per day350.

Side-effects: No health hazards or 2-Day DetoxPlan (HealthAid) see Milk Thistle

~ 121 ~ papaya

PAPAYA Carica papaya

Family: Caricaceae Altaflora® Gastrogel (Alta Care) see Aloe Medicinal Parts: Leaves, fruit. Vera

Indications: Bromelain Complex (Vega) see Aloe Vera Principal: GI digestion complaints, Day-vit® Probio (HealthAid) see inflammations and ulcers in the Buckwheat gastro-duodenal area14, 28, 351, 352. Major: Pancreas excretion Dietrim (Vitabiotics) see Cinnamon insufficiency, intestinal parasites353. Minor: Damage to the urinary tract & DigestivAid No Acid (ESI) see Licorice stones, haemorrhoids, diabetes14, 28. Others: Cough, bronchitis28. Digestizyme® (Lamberts) Capsules; Papain 50,000PU, bromelain Contraindications: Pregnancy, 120,000PU, lipase 125LU, amylase patients taking oral anticoagulants14, 28. 5000DU, protease 4.5 10,000HUT, protease 3.0 10SAPU, glucoamylase Side-effects 9AGU, cellulase 200CU. : Allergic reactions, Local Distributor: Health Plus including asthma attacks28. TM 28 Digeston (HealthAid) Drug interactions: Anticoagulants . Tablets; Papain 80mg, papaya enzyme 5mg, bromelain 50mg, pepsin 150mg, Dose: Dosage depends on the betain hydrochloride 100mg, pancreatin composition of the enzyme substitute 75mg, amylase 10mg, protease 10mg. preparation28. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

50 Plus Once A Day (Quest) see Enzyme Digest (Quest) Buckwheat Tablets; Papain 4.17mg, amylase 10mg, lipase 5.56mg, bromelain 5mg, betaine Altacura® Influtuss (Alta Care) see HCl 100mg, peppermint oil 0.25mg. Meadowsweet Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd.

Altacura® Influtuss Extra (Alta Care) Flodol® (Alta Care) see Meadowsweet Tablets; Sorbitol 313.4mg, papaya fruit dried extract 60.0mg, vitamin C 60.0mg, Flodolor® Flexi (Alta Care) propolis dried extract 30.0mg, zinc oxide Syrup; Ananas juice 5390mg, honey sugar 18.7mg, magnesium stearate 5.0mg, free 3000mg, papaya 600mg, ananas lemon flavour 5.0mg, mint essential oil 500mg, olmaria 250mg, devil’s claw 3.0mg, silica 2.0mg, curcuma 2.0mg, 200mg, ananas aroma 50mg, sodium aspartame 0.4mg, potassium acesulfame benzoate 10mg. 0.4mg. Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. Healthy Mega (HealthAid) see Altadrine® Day Burner (Alta Care) see Buckwheat Grapeseed

~ 122 ~ parsley

Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) see 21.2mcg, zeaxanthin 18mcg, lutein Guarana 13.6mcg, folacin 200mcg, biotin 50mcg, vitamin C 150mg, vitamin D 10mcg, ® Neuralta Plus (Alta Care) vitamin E 34mg, thiamin 39mg, riboflavin Syrup; Ananas juice 5390mg, royal 50mg, niacin 50mg, vitamin B6 41mg, jelly 1600mg, honey sugar free 1289mg, vitamin B12 50mcg, pantothenic acid papaya 600mg, ananas 500mg, olmaria 250mg, devil’s claw 200mg, ananas aroma 50mg, calcium 158mg, phosphorus 91mg, 50mg, vitamin B1 100mg, vitamin B6 iron 15mg, magnesium 60mg, zinc 10mg, 10mg, vitamin B12 1000mcg, sodium iodine 100mcg, manganese 1mg, copper benzoate 10mg. 1000mcg, molybdenum 25mcg, chromium Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. 25mcg, selenium 32.5mcg, vanadium 25mcg, choline bitartrate 50mg, inositol Silvia® Feminin Formula (Alta Care) see 50mg, methionine 50mg, PABA 50mg, Hops bioflavonoids 28.6mg, lysine HCl 22mg, lecithin 100mg, papain 2mg, rutin 2mg, Super Once A Day Timed Release (Quest) hesperidin 10mg, betaine HCl 12mg, Tablets; Vitamin A 750mcg, beta carotene cysteine 0.6mg. 6mg, alpha carotene 90mcg, cryptoxanthin Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd.

PARSLEY Petroselinum crispum

Family: Umbelliferae Drug interactions: Lithium, Medicinal Parts: Leaf, root, seed. warfarin354.

Indications: Dose: Three times daily: dried herb, Principal: Urinary tract complaints 2-4 gm or in infusion; liquid extract including cystitis, dysuria & renal (1:1 in 25% alcohol), 2-4 ml45. gravel8, 9, 19, 28, 354, 355. Major: Digestive complaints such Aquaflow® (HealthAid) see Dandelion as flatulence, dyspepsia & intestinal colic8, 9, 19, 28, 45. Colonease (HealthAid) see Aloe Vera Minor: Dysmenorrhoea, functional Cysticare® (HealthAid) see Cranberry amenorrhoea, myalgia (internal or 9, 19, topical use), rheumatic conditions Formula VM-75 (Solgar) see Buckwheat 354, 355. InterfreshTM (HealthAid) Contraindications: Pregnancy, Capsules; Safflower oil 65mg, parsley lactation9, 28, inflammatory kidney seed oil 15mg, peppermint oil 15mg, disorders19, 45. chlorophyll 3mg, menthol 0.75mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Side-effects: Rarely contact allergic 19, 28 Prostate Formula (Vega) see Saw reactions of skin . Palmetto

~ 123 ~ passionflower

Slim-Rite (HealthAid) see Alfalfa Vitamin B6 (Quest) Tablets; Vitamin B6 50mg, parsley leaf Vegilax® (HealthAid) see Blessed Thistle powder 12.5mg (equiv. to 50mg parsley leaf powder). Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd.

PASSIONFLOWER Passiflora incarnata

Family: Passifloraceae Natracalm Passiflora (Natra) Medicinal Parts: Aerial parts, Tablets; Passiflora incarnata extract (7:1) particularly leaves. 71.4mg. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Indications: Principal: Anxiety357, 358, nervous Night Time Formula (HealthAid) see restlessness8, insomnia5, 9, 14, 45, 356, 359. Valerian 360 Major: Generalised seizures , No-Gas® enzimi (Giuliani) see Ginger neuralgia5, 9, 356, 359. Minor: Diarrhoea, dysmenorrhoea14, Passiflora (HealthAid) decreased libido5, 359. Tablets; Passiflora extract 250mg (equiv. Others: Haemorrhoids (externally)28, to 1000mg passiflora powder). opiate addiction5, cough, cancer359. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Caution: Pregnancy5. Passion Flower (HealthAid) Liquid; Passiflora incarnata 1:4 (equiv. of Side-effects: Drowsiness is possible 250mg of passionflower herb) in 1ml. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea with excessive doses5. Phytocalm (Arkopharma) Drug interactions: Benzodiazepines Capsules; Passiflora powdered dried aerial (additive effects at high doses), parts 230mg. barbiturates (additive CNS effects), Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. anticoagulants (increased risk of bleeding)5, 356. Quiet Life (Lanes) see Hops Dose: Up to four times daily: dried Sedivitax (Aboca) herb 0.5-2 gm, liquid extract (1:1 in Capsules; Passionflower leaves multi- fractionated lyophilized concentrate, 25% ethanol) 0.5-2 ml, tincture (1:8 45 valerian powdered root, lemon balm leaf in 25% ethanol) 2-4 ml . powder, California poppy tops powder, valerian root lyophilized concentrate, Calma Baby (Erba Vita) see Linden lemon balm leaves lyophilized Magnolia Extract (HealthAid) see concentrate, marjoram essential oil, Magnolia lavender essential oil. Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd.

Magnolia, Valerian, St. John’s Wort TM Complex (HealthAid) see Hoodia Tranquil (HealthAid) see Hawthorn

~ 124 ~ pau d’arco

PAU D’ARCO Tabebuia avellanedae

Family: Bignoniaceae Side-effects: Nausea & vomiting, Medicinal Parts: Inner bark. bruising & bleeding at higher doses14.

Indications: Drug interactions: Oral Principal: Candida & yeast infections, anticoagulants, NSAIDs14. colds, flu and other upper respiratory bacterial and viral infections14, 360, 361. Dose: One-half to one cup bark and/or Major: Urinary tract infections, GI heartwood decoction taken orally 2-4 problems, constipation, psoriasis, times daily360. dermatitis, arthritis, diabetes, bladder & prostate infections, ulcers 14, 360, 361. Candiclear (Higher Nature) see Thyme Minor: Allergies, sexually transmitted diseases (syphilis, gonorrhea), cancer Pau D’Arco (HealthAid) & leukemia360, 361. Liquid; Pau D’Arco extract 1:4 (equiv. of 250mg of Pau D’Arco herb) in 1ml. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Contraindications: Children, pregnant women14.

PEONY Paeonia officinalis

Family: Paeoniaceae Minor: As an emetic, abortifacient, Medicinal Parts: Roots, seeds, for diseases of the skin & mucous flowers. membranes, gout, rheumatoid arthritis28. Indications: Roots Cautions/contraindications: None Major: Neurasthenia, neuralgia, known. migraines, allergic disorders such as excitability, epilepsy. Side-effects: Gastroenteritis with Minor: Whooping cough, cramps, vomiting, colic and diarrhoea28. rheumatism28. Flowers Drug interactions: None known. Major: Epilepsy, menstrual cramps & irregularities, fissures (including Dose: Flowers: One cup of infusion those associated with haemorrhoids), daily; Root: tincture: 30 to 50 drops ailments of the respiratory tract. daily28.

~ 125 ~ peppermint

PEPPERMINT Mentha piperita

Family: Lamiaceae coating of some commercially Medicinal Parts: Leaf, stem. available peppermint oil capsules)5, 366.

Indications: Dose: Average daily dose: 3 to 6 Principal: Irritable bowel syndrome14, gm of drug, 5 to 15 gm of tincture; 362, 363, nervousness, anxiety, stress. equivalent preparations5, 28, 45. Major: Daytime sleepiness, fatigue, low mood, neuralgia, myalgia5, 8, 28, 367; Alkagin® (Istituto Ganassini) see Mallow symptomatic treatment of digestion ® problems including dyspepsia364, Altacura Influtuss (Alta Care) see flatulence, gastritis, enteritis; Meadowsweet spasmodic complaints of the GI tract, Altacura® Influtuss Extra (Alta Care) see as well as the gall bladder & bile Papaya ducts45, 365, 5, 8, 28, 366. Minor: Headache; postoperative Altaflora® Gastrogel (Alta Care) see Aloe nausea; respiratory tract infections5, Vera 8, 28. Others: Decreased libido, hiccups, Altaflora® Transit (Alta Care) see menorrhagia5. Rhubarb Broncovit® (Erba Vita) see Grindelia Cautions: Avoid non-enteric-coated peppermint in patients with reflux CarbonFlor® (Erba Vita) see Aniseed oesophageal symptoms, avoid chewing enteric-coated capsules as Colonease (HealthAid) see Aloe Vera it may cause heartburn, avoid use of peppermint oil on the face of infants Enzyme Digest (Quest) see Papaya and small children5. Erbalax® Forte Compresse (Erba Vita) Contraindications: Hypersensitivity see Senna to peppermint oil, biliary duct Essential Oil of Peppermint (Power occlusion, gall bladder inflammation, 5, Herbs) severe liver damage, early pregnancy Capsules; Peppermint essential oil 50mg. 8, 14, 28, 45 . Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

Side-effects: Contact dermatitis5, 28. Finocarbo Plus (Aboca) see Fennel

® Drug interactions: Felodipine, Flodol (Alta Care) see Meadowsweet simvastatin, cyclosporin, drugs metabolised by the CYP3A4 liver Gastro-Vit Formula (Vega) see Aloe Vera enzyme, digitalis glycosides, caffeine, Herbal Cream (HealthAid) see Arnica food (may compromise the enteric

~ 126 ~ pineapple

InterfreshTM (HealthAid) see Parsley Snoreeze Oral Strips (Snoreeze) Strips; Pectin, water, glycerine, Karbofin Forte (ESI) see Fennel peppermint oil, cellulose, sorbitan stearate, polysorbate 60, vitamin E, Migrastick (Arkopharma) menthol, aspartame, potassium sorbate, Roll-on; Peppermint 35%, lavender oil sodium saccharin, acesulfame K, 17%, isopropyl myristate 48%. hyaluronic acid, guar gum, citric acid, Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. brilliant blue FCF. Local Distributor: Svea Distributors Co. Natural Herbal Inhalant Oil (Numark) Ltd. see Eucalyptus Snoreeze Throat Spray (Snoreeze) Neuralta® Migren (Alta Care) Spray; Water, glycerine, sorbitan stearate, Patches; Peppermint, scotch pine, polysorbate 60, cellulose, peppermint oil, eucalyptus, cloves, sweet orange, lemon. vitamin E, potassium sorbate, sodium Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. benzoate, citric acid, xanthan gum, hyaluronic acid, guar gum. Peppermint Oil (Lamberts) Local Distributor: Svea Distributors Co. Capsules; Peppermint oil 50mg. Ltd. Local Distributor: Health Plus Venalta® (Alta Care) see Grapeseed Potter’s Sugar Free Cough Pastilles see Licorice

PINEAPPLE Ananas comosus*

Family: Bromeliaceae Side-effects: Gastric complaints, Medicinal Parts: Fruit. diarrhoea, dyspepsia, allergic sensitivity14, 28. Indications: Principal: Bruising, swollen and 14, 28, 368 Drug interactions: Amoxicillin, painful joints, wounds, burns . tetracycline, oral anticoagulants, Major: Post traumatic and platelet-inhibiting drugs14, 368. postoperative swelling especially 8 of the nasal and paranasal sinuses , Dose: Adults: 500 – 2000 mg daily28. inflammation, febrile conditions, 14, 28, 368 digestive complaints , water Altadrine® Lipodrainer (Alta Care) see retention. Nettle Others: Constipation, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea28. Altaflora® Gastrogel (Alta Care) see Aloe Vera Cautions/contraindications: None ® known. CarbonFlor (Erba Vita) see Aniseed Flodol® Artro (Alta Care) see * The active substance in pineapple is Meadowsweet bromelain – a proteolytic enzyme. ~ 127 ~ pine bark

Flodolor® Flexi (Alta Care) see Papaya Pineapple (Arkopharma) Capsules; Pineapple powder 400mg (0.2% JointWise (Vega) see Ginger bromelian). Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Neuralta® Plus (Alta Care) see Papaya

PINE BARK see Scotch Pine

PLANTAIN Plantago major

Family: Plantaginaceae and irritation9. Medicinal Parts: Fruit. Cautions: Pregnancy9. Indications: Principal: Bronchial congestion Side-effects: Allergic contact (phlegm), inflammation of the dermatitis9, migraine headaches28. oropharyngeal mucosa8, 14. Major: Intermittent fever, ulcers, Drug interactions: None known. sores, dyspepsia, GI complaints, diarrhoea8, 14, 28. Dose: Dried leaf: 2-4 gm or by Minor: Diabetes, scurvy, infusion three times daily; liquid hypertension, gout28. extract (1:1 in 25% alcohol) 2-4ml Others: Cystitis, haematuria, three times daily; tincture (1:5 in 45% haemorrhoids with bleeding alcohol) 2-4 ml three times daily9.

POMEGRANATE Punica granatum

370, 371, 375 Family: Punicaceae stomatitis . Major: Diarrhoea372, dyspepsia, Medicinal Parts: Root, bark, fruit, 371 373, peel of fruit, flowers. malignant breast cancer , wounds 375. Others: Haemorrhoids, dysentery, Indications: 371 374, 375 Principal: Hypercholesterolaemia369, leprosy , asthma & COPD . hypertension, atherosclerosis, Contraindications: Pregnant & tapeworm infestation and other 28, 375 intestinal parasites, sore throat, nursing women . candidosis associated with denture

~ 128 ~ prickly ash

Side-effects: Gastric irritation by a laxative. As a macerate: 3 doses including cramps, vomiting and of 65ml with a duodenal probe at diarrhoea with high doses28, 375. 30 minute intervals; a laxative is administered after an hour28. Drug interactions: Drugs metabolised by CYP2D6, Organic Pomegranate (dr.organic®) antihypertensive drugs, Lip balm; Pomegranate, shea butter, rosuvastatin375. beeswax, vitamin E. Toothpaste; Pomegranate, arnica, silica, aloe vera, iceland moss, horse chestnut, Dose: Tapeworm treatment: As a tea tree. decoction: 4 doses of 6ml with 2 hour Local Distributor: Galea & Galea intervals between doses accompanied before treatment and after treatment

PRICKLY ASH Zanthoxylum americanum

Family: Rutaceae Contraindications: Pregnancy45. Medicinal Parts: Bark, berries. Side-effects: None known. Indications: Principal: Rheumatic disorders, Drug interactions: None known. Raynaud’s syndrome, fever, inflammation9, 28, 45, 376. Dose: Three times daily: dried bark, Major: Colic, flatulence, intermittent 1-2 gm or in decoction; liquid extract claudication, toothache9, 28, 376. (1:1, 45% ethanol), 1-2 ml; tincture Minor: Hypotension, diarrhoea, (1:5, 45% ethanol), 2-5 ml45. cough, asthma, worm infestations28. V-VeinTM (HealthAid) see Horse Chestnut

PSYLLIUM Plantago ovata

Family: Plantaginaceae as an adjunct to a low-fat diet)377, Medicinal Parts: Seed coat. 378, diabetes379, 380, irritable bowel syndrome381, 5, 8, 28. Indications: Major: Disorders were easy bowel Principal: Chronic constipation, movement with a loose stool are weight loss aid (increase feeling desirable e.g. in patients with anal of satiety), hyperlipidaemia fissures and haemorrhoids8, 28. (psyllium reduces LDL cholesterol Others: Colorectal cancer28. & triglycerides and should be used

~ 129 ~ psyllium

Cautions: If there is difficulty 5mg, microcrystalline cellulose 100mg. in regulating diabetes mellitus5, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea pancreatic insufficiency28. Ispaghula (Arkopharma) Contraindications Capsules; Ispaghula seed husk powder : Partial or 430mg. complete bowel obstruction, colonic Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. impaction, stenosis of the GI tract5, 28. Lepicol (Healthy Bowels) Side-effects: Flatulence; bloating; Capsules, Powder; Psyllium husk fine mild abdominal discomfort; allergy powder, fructo-oligosaccharides, probiotic characterized by chest tightness, cultures. wheezing & urticaria; oesophageal Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. obstruction (psyllium should not be 5, 28 Psyllium Husk 1000mg (HealthAid) consumed dry) . Capsules; Psyllium husk 500mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Drug interactions: Calcium, iron, zinc, lithium, coumarin derivatives, Psyllium Husk Fibre (HealthAid) vitamin B12, cardiac glycosides (take Powder; Psyllium husk fibre. psyllium at least 1 hour before or Local Distributor: Galea & Galea after ingestion of the above named compounds), hypoglycaemic agents5. Psyllium Husk Fibre (Vega) Capsules; Psyllium seed husk fibre Dose 450mg. : 12 to 40 gm of the drug Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons daily. Powder products should be Ltd. administered as 1 teaspoonful (3.4 gm to 6.0 gm drug) in 8 oz. of fruit juice Slimaide Formula (Vega) or cool water. Stir briskly or shake Capsules; Psyllium husk fibre 60mg, for 3 to 5 seconds depending on the conjugated linoleic acid powder 33% specific product. Psyllium may be 250mg, acetyl L-carnitine 60mg, vitamin taken up to 3 times daily28. C 60mg, choline bitartrate 30mg, inositol 30mg, niacin 18mg, pantothenic acid Erbalax® Delicato Sciroppo (Erba Vita) 6mg, vitamin B6 2mg, vitamin B2 1.6mg, see Rhubarb vitamin B1 1.4mg, manganese 0.25mg, chromium 200mcg, folate 200mcg, Fibre Dophilus (HealthAid) selenium 100mcg, copper 50mcg, vitamin Tablets; Psyllium 100mg, acidophilus B12 1mcg. bifidus 17mg, acidophilus lactobacillus Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd.

~ 130 ~ pumpkin

PUMPKIN Cucurbita pepo

Family: Curcurbitaceae to 350mg ginseng powder), muira puama Medicinal Parts: Seeds. extract (10:1) 24mg (equiv. to 240mg muira puama powder), saw palmetto Indications: extract (12:1) 13mg (equiv. to 160mg herb Principal: Symptomatic treatment powder), zinc 3mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea of micturition disorders in the early stages of benign prostatic Male Formula (HealthAid) see Ginseng 19, 28, 382, 383, 384 hyperplasia . Korean Major: Irritable bladder prevention, treatment of calcium oxalate kidney Male MaxTM (HealthAid) see Ginseng stones19, 28, 384. Korean Minor: Intestinal parasites particularly tapeworm28, 384. Prostate Formula (Vega) see Saw Palmetto

Cautions: If used concomitantly with Prostavital® (HealthAid) warfarin, monitor INR and symptoms Capsules; 200mg pumpkin seed oil, 30mg 28 of excessive bleeding . saw palmetto berries 12:1 extract, 10mg stinging nettle 5:1 extract, 5mg pygeum Side-effects: None known. bark (standardised extract, min 2% sterols), 200mg L-glutamic acid, 120mg Drug interactions: Warfarin. vitamin C, 100mg magnesium, 100mg lecithin, 90mg wheatgerm oil, 60mg Dose: 10-30 gm of pumkin seed, as vitamin E, 50mg L-alanine, 25mg zinc, 10mg vitamin B6, 3mg lycopene, 500mcg ground seed or an equivalent amount copper, 50mcg chromium, 50mcg of ethanolic extract or pumkin seed selenium. 19 oil . Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Bromelain Complex (Vega) see Aloe Vera Pumpkin Seed Oil (HealthAid) Capsules; Pumpkin seed oil 1000mg. Gentlemen’s ThreeTM (HealthAid) see Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Ginseng Korean Pumpkin Seed Oil 500mg (Power Health) Herbal 3 (HealthAid) Capsules; Pumpkin seed oil 500mg Capsules; Pumpkin seed oil 100mg, providing polyunsaturated fatty acids korean ginseng extract (5:1) 70mg (equiv. 265mg, vitamin A 229.4mcg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

~ 131 ~ pygeum

PYGEUM Prunus africana

Family: Rosaceae Cautions: Paediatrics, pregnancy, Medicinal Parts: Bark. lactation28.

Indications: Contraindications: Hypersensitivity Principal: Treatment of lower urinary to the herb5. tract symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia stages I and II, with signs Side-effects: Mild GI discomfort5. such as nocturia, polyuria & urinary retention, where diagnosis of prostate Drug interactions: 5 α-reductase cancer is negative5, 28, 385. inhibitors, saw palmetto28. Others: Impotence, reduced fertility & sexual performance, sphincter Dose: 50-100 mg twice daily of extract disorders, male baldness5, 28. standardised to 12-13% sterols5.

Prostavital® (HealthAid) see Pumpkin

RASPBERRY Rubus idaeus

Family: Rosaceae 8-10 weeks of pregnancy9, 19. Medicinal Parts: Leaves, fruit. Side-effects: GI discomfort, Indications: constipation5, 19. Principal: To facilitate parturition, diarrhoea, stomatitis, tonsillitis5, 9, 19, Drug interactions: Iron, 28, 386. calcium, magnesium (separate the Major: Dyspeptic complaints, administration of these substances by 5 externally as a wash for superficial at least 2 hours) . wounds and ulcers5, 9, 19, 386. Others: Painful and profuse Dose: 2-3 times daily: dried leaf 3-4 menstruation, influenza, fever, gm, or as a 5% infusion or equivalent diabetes, vitamin deficiency8, 19. extract. Higher doses of up to twice this amount (maximum: 24 gm dried leaf per day) have also been Cautions: Peptic ulceration, 19 GI conditions associated with recommended . inflammation. Avoid in constipation5, 28. Raspberry Leaf Extract (HealthAid) Capsules; Raspberry extract 125mg Contraindications: Early stages of (equiv. to 500mg raspberry powder), pregnancy. Raspberry preparations raspberry powder 400mg. should only be taken during the final Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

~ 132 ~ red clover

RED CLOVER Trifolium pratense

Family: Fabaceae Side-effects: Infertility and growth Medicinal Parts: Flower head, leaf. disorders have been reported in grazing animals5, 9, 28. Indications: Principal: To relief menopausal Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, symptoms (particularly hot flushes), oestrogens, tamoxifen5, 28, 388. mastalgia, premenstrual syndrome, prostate cancer prevention5, 28, 387, 388, Dose: 389. Menopausal symptoms: 40-82 Major: BPH, osteoporosis prevention5, mg daily of red clover-derived 390. isoflavones. Minor: Eczema, psoriasis5, 9, 28, 45, 388. Osteoporosis prevention: 44-86 Others: Cough, bronchitis45. mg daily of red clover-derived isoflavones. Cautions: In patients with conditions BPH symptom relief: 40-80 mg daily that may be aggravated by increased of red clover-derived isoflavones5. oestrogen level such as endometriosis or uterine fibroids5. Menovital® (HealthAid) see Dong Quai

RHODIOLA Rhodiola rosea

Family: Crassulaceae dose early in the day28. Medicinal Parts: Root. Drug interactions: Pepper (diminish Indications: antidepressant effect of rhodiola)393. Principal: Low mental and physical performance, fatigue, altitude Dose: 50 to 200 mg daily28. sickness28, 391, 392, 393. Major: Stress, depression, low AntiStress®(Erba Vita) see Maca mood28, 393, 395. Minor: Anaemia, impotence, Rhodiola (HealthAid) infections, GI ailments28, 391, 392. Tablets; Rhodiola root extract 350mg (standardised for min 1% salidrozid and 40% polyphenols), rhodiola root powder Contraindications: Patients with 28 150mg. bipolar disorder . Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Side-effects: Interfere with sleep, Rhodiola Herbal Complex (Vega) cause vivid dreams during the first Capsules; Rhodiola root extract few weeks. Therefore best to take 300mg (min. 2.8% salidrosides, 70%

~ 133 ~ rhubarb polyphenols), Vega Phytoantioxidant Rhodiola Root Extract (Solgar) BaseTM 100mg providing antioxidants and Vegicaps; Standardised rhodiola root prebiotics: apple and mixed wild berries powdered extract 250mg (providing concentrate 8:1 equiv. to herb 320mg, 2.5mg [1%] salidrozid, 60mg [24%] prebiotic acacia gum 160mg. polyphenols), raw rhodiola root powder Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons 100mg, PhytO2X ä (powdered blend of Ltd. beta-carotene prep. and ascorbic acid). Local Distributor: Natural Remedies

RHUBARB Rheum palmatum

Family: Polygonaceae Dose: Medicinal Parts: Dried root, As a laxative, unless otherwise rhizome. prescribed, daily dose (usually taken at bedtime): preparations Indications: standardised to contain 30-100 mg of Principal: Occasional constipation, hydroxyanthracene derivatives; dried conditions in which a soft stool is drug, 1-4 gm or in decoction. desirable, e.g. haemorrhoids9, 28, 45, 396. As an astringent or stomachic: dried Major: Diarrhoea (at low doses)9, 28, drug, 0.1-0.3 gm45. liver disease396, gastroenteritis45. Minor: Painful teething in children, Altaflora® Transit (Alta Care) burns (externally), abdominal pain, Ampoules; Radish juice conc. 1091mg, oedema, tenesmus28. rhubarb rhizomes 500mg, marshmallow leaves 500mg, prune concentrated juice 454mg, fructo-oligosaccharides 200mg, Cautions: Avoid by individuals brewer’s yeast 100mg, apple fibres 50mg, suffering from arthritis, kidney artichoke concentrated juice 50mg, 9 disease or urinary problems ; peppermint essential oil 9mg. pregnancy; breastfeeding9, 28. Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd.

Contraindications: Intestinal Erbalax® Delicato Capsule (Erba Vita) obstruction, acute inflammatory Capsules; Micronized powders: rhubarb intestinal disease, appendicitis, rhizome 246mg, alder buckthorn bark abdominal pain of unknown origin28, 164mg, gentian root 82mg, common 45 mallow leaves 82mg, horehound heads . 82mg. Dry extracts: fennel seed 82mg titrated and standardized 0.5% essential Side-effects: Spasmodic GI oil (0.41mg), dandelion root 82mg titrated complaints28. and standardized 2% inulin (1.64mg). Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. Drug interactions: Cardiac ® glycosides (long term use of rhubarb Erbalax Delicato Sciroppo (Erba Vita) may lead to potassium deficiency)28. Syrup; Rhubarb rhizome dry extract 1.286g, tamarind fruit juice concentrate

~ 134 ~ rice

1.286g, psyllium seeds micronized Eucarbon® (Trenka) see Senna powder 286mg, liquorice root 143mg. Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. Vegilax® (HealthAid) see Blessed Thistle

Erbalax® Forte Compresse (Erba Vita) see Senna

RICE Oryza sativa

Family: Poaceae Cautions/contraindications: None Medicinal Parts: Seeds. known.

Indications: Side-effects: None known. Principal: For recovery from disorders of the GI tract; illnesses Drug interactions: None known. of the GI tract including stomach upsets, heartburn, indigestion, nausea, Dose: The seeds are boiled in water diarrhoea28, 397. and ingested28. It is recommended to Major: Boils, sores, swellings, skin follow label instructions. blemishes (externally)397. Minor: Diabetes, spontaneous Alkagin® (Istituto Ganassini) see Mallow perspiration, pneumonia, diseases of TM the colon28. Colestroforte (HealthAid) see Others: Breast & stomach cancer, Fenugreek 397 warts . Organic Tea Tree (dr.organic®) see Tea tree ROSE HIP Rosa canina

Family: Rosaceae Minor: Prevention and treatment of Medicinal Parts: Petals, rose hips vitamin C deficiencies, gastric juice with/without seeds, seeds. deficiencies8, 28, 398. Others: As an eyewash8. Indications: Principal: Lower urinary tract Cautions/contraindications: None disorders, kidney stones, gallstones, known. prevention and treatment of colds, chills, and influenza-type infections, Side-effects: None known. febrile conditions8, 28, 398. Major: Arthritis, rheumatic disorders, Drug interactions: None known. gout, biliary complaints, colic8, 28, 398, 399.

~ 135 ~ rose hip

Dose: 2 gm drug as a single daily Local Distributor: Natural Remedies dose28. Nutri baby (Erba Vita) CellusiteTM (HealthAid) see White Willow Vials; Acacia honey, pear juice, blueberry juice, cod liver oil containing vitamin D, Ester-C® 1000mg Plus Vitamin C rosehip berries containing natural vitamin (Solgar) see Acerola C, vitamin E, wheat germ oil, freeze-dried royal jelly, vitamin A. Ester-C Formula (Vega) Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. Tablets; Vitamin C 240mg, citrus bioflavonoids 25mg, hesperidin 10mg, Rosehip (HealthAid) rose hip powder 10mg, rutin bean extract Tablets; Rosehip extract 150mg (equiv. 10mg. to 3000mg rosehip powder), vitamin C Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons 60mg. Ltd. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Formula VM-75 (Solgar) see Buckwheat Vitamin C 1000mg (Lamberts) Tablets; Vitamin C 1000mg, rose hip Hip & Thigh Formula (HealthAid) see 100mg, citrus bioflavonoid complex White Willow 50mg. Local Distributor: Health Plus Kangavites (Solgar) Chewable tablets; Calcium 64mg, Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 1000mg High magnesium 32mg, vitamin C 60mg, fruit Strength (Vega) see Buckwheat and vegetable powders (red beet, carrot, strawberry, apple, broccoli, apricot) 56mg, Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 1500mg Super niacin 10mg, natural source betacarotene Strength (Vega) see Buckwheat 1.4mg, natural source vitamin E 10mg, iron 2.5mg, pantothenic acid 5mg, biotin Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Slow Release 50mcg, vitamin B6 1mg, zinc 1.5mg, 1000mg (Vega) riboflavin 0.85mg, thiamin 0.75mg, Tablets; Vitamin C (as ascorbic acid) vitamin A 150mcg, soya lecithin powder 1000mg, rose hip powder 25mg. 2.5mg, choline 500mcg, vitamin D2 Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons 2.5mcg, folic acid 100mcg, copper Ltd. 25mcg, manganese 250mcg, bioflavonoids 150mcg, vitamin B12 3mcg, selenium Vitamin C – Time 1000mg (Lamberts) 2.5mcg, iodine 22.5mcg, inositol 500mcg, Tablets; Vitamin C 1000mg, rose hip rosehip powdered extract (4:1) 500mcg, powder 50mg, citrus bioflavonoid chromium 5mcg. complex 50mg. Local Distributor: Health Plus

~ 136 ~ roselle

ROSELLE Hibiscus sabdariffa

Family: Malvaceae Cautions/contraindications: None Medicinal Parts: Flowers. known.

Indications: Side-effects: None known. Principal: Loss of appetite, colds that affect the respiratory tract and Drug interactions: None known. stomach, hypertension28, 400. Minor: Carbuncles, swelling and Dose: Available as a tea preparation: inflammation of the skin, scalding, pour boiling water over 1.5 gm conjunctivitis, herpes zoster28. comminuted drug and strain after 5 to 10 minutes28.

ROSEMARY Rosmarinus officinalis

Family: Labiatae Drug interactions: Iron, Medicinal Parts: Leaf. anticoagulants, drugs dependent on P-glycoprotein transport5. Indications: Principal: To increase mental Dose: concentration, neuroprotective Internal daily dose: Dried leaf, 4-6 effect401, digestive complaints gm or as an infusion or liquid extract including dyspepsia, flatulence & (1:1 in 45% alcohol). bloating, hypotension5, 8, 9, 19, 28, 402. External use: As an infusion for Major: Chemoprotective & adjunct compresses or hair rinses. As a in cancer therapy (mainly in breast tincture (1:5, 70% ethanol). As a bath cancer), headache, rheumatic additive, a decoction from 50 gm conditions8, myalgia, sciatica, of dried leaf to a full bath. Essential neuralgia, alopecia5, 9, 19, 28, 402. oil (4-6%) diluted with almond oil Minor: Toothache, eczema, insect or in semi-solid preparations for repellant, wound healing, sodium- application to joints, muscles etc19. lauryl-sulfate-induced irritant contact dermatitis [topically]5, 19. Candiclear (Higher Nature) see Thyme

® Contraindications: Pregnancy5, 9, 28. CarbonFlor (Erba Vita) see Aniseed Evening Primrose (HealthAid) see Side-effects: Stomach & intestinal Evening Primrose irritation, seizures, allergic contact 5 dermatitis with large doses . Flodol® Artro (Alta Care) see Meadowsweet

~ 137 ~ roseroot

Herbal Cream (HealthAid) see Arnica Neem Oil (A. Vogel) se Neem

Neem Cream (A. Vogel) see Neem Refreshall® (Lamberts) see Ginkgo

ROSEROOT see Rhodiola

RUTIN† see Buckwheat

SAFFLOWER Carthamus tinctorius

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae constipation caused by medicines for Medicinal Parts: Flowers, seeds, oil mental illnesses, chronic nephritis408. extracted from its embryos. Contraindication: Pregnancy28. Indications: Principal: Cardiovascular disease403, Side-effects: None known. hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, atherosclerosis, arrhythmias404, 405. Drug interactions: None known. Major: Inhibition of thrombus formation404, 405, delayed, heavy & Dose: Average daily dose is 3 gm of painful menstruation, male sterility, decoction; single dose is 1 gm28. dead sperm excess disease406, pain & swelling associated with trauma407, 408. Bodylean® CLA Plus (HealthAid) see Minor: Rheumatism particularly Green Tea 408 rheumatoid arthritis, sciatica . TM Others: Pertussis, chronic bronchitis, Interfresh (HealthAid) see Parsley chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis,

† Rutin is a citrus flavonoid glycoside found in buckwheat.

~ 138 ~ saffron

SAFFRON Crocus sativus

Family: Iridaceae Cautions: Patients taking Medicinal Parts: Stigma, style. anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs412.

Indications: Contraindication: Pregnancy28. Principal: Menorrhagia, amenorrhea, painful labour28, 409, 410. Side-effects: None known. Major: Indigestion, colic, bronchitis, sore throat, headache, vomiting, Drug interactions: Anticoagulants412. fever, skin hyperpigmentation, acne, depression409, 410. Dose: 3-9 gm daily412. Minor: Insomnia, measles, jaundice, dysentery, cholera, psoriasis409, 410. Saffron (HealthAid) Others: Cancer treatment and Capsules; Saffron extract (6:1) 14.75mg prevention (fibrosarcoma, cervical (equiv. to 177mg of Saffron powder). epitheloid carcinoma, breast Local Distributor: Galea & Galea carcinoma)410, 411.

SAGE Salvia officinalis

Family: Labiatae monitored5; epileptics19. Medicinal Parts: Leaf. Contraindications: Pregnancy, Indications: lactation19. Principal: Hot flushes and hyperhidrosis associated with Side-effects: Occasional allergic menopause413, poor memory, reactions with topical use5. dementia5, 8, 9, 19, 28, 414. Major: Inflammation of mouth or Drug interactions: Iron, calcium, throat mucosa, such as pharyngitis, magnesium (reduced absorption tonsillitis, stomatitis, gingivitis, of these minerals when taken with glossitis, digestive disorders such as sage)5. dyspepsia, flatulence, poor digestion & bloating5, 8, 9, 19, 28, 415. Dose: Minor: Lack of appetite5. Infusion of dried herb: 1-4 gm three Others: Asthma, cancer5, 416. times daily. Tincture (1:1): 1-4 ml three times Cautions: Sage oil can irritate the daily. skin when used topically; internal use Essential oil: 2-3 drops in 100 ml of the essential oil should be closely water several times daily.

~ 139 ~ sarsaparilla

Gargle or rinse (use warm infusion): biotin 30mcg, pantothenic acid 30mg, 2.5 gm cut leaf in 100ml water; or 2-3 magnesium 100mg, iron 6mg, zinc 15mg, drops essential oil in 100 ml water; copper 1000mcg, manganese 0.5mg, or use 5 ml fluid extract diluted in a selenium 100mcg, chromium 50mcg, 5 iodine 225mcg, PABA 25mg. glass of water, several times daily . Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

Alito Fresco e Balsamico (Sella) see Menophase (Higher Nature) see Eucalyptus Schisandra

Colonease (HealthAid) see Aloe Vera Menovital® (HealthAid) see Dong Quai

Essential Oil of Sage 50mg (Power Phytomenopause (Arkopharma) Herbs) Capsules; Sage leaf powder 285mg. Capsules; Sage essential oil 50mg. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Refreshall® (Lamberts) see Ginkgo Menopace® Plus (Vitabiotics) Tablets; Botanical tablet: Soy isoflavone Sage Leaf Extract (HealthAid) extract 120mg, sage extract 250mg, green Capsules; Sage leaf extract (5:1) 73mg tea extract 50mg, flaxseed lignans 50mg. equiv. to 350mg of sage leaf powder. Multivitamin tablet: Vitamin A 750mcg, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin E 30mg, vitamin C 45mg, vitamin B1 10mg, vitamin B2 Silvia® Feminin Formula (Alta Care) see 5mg, vitamin B3 20mg, vitamin B6 10mg, Hops folic acid 500mcg, vitamin B12 9mcg,

SARSAPARILLA Smilax species

Family: Smilacaceae Drug interactions: Digitalis Medicinal Parts: Rhizome, root. glycosides, bismuth14.

Indications: Dose: Three times daily: dried root, Principal: Skin disorders such as 2-4 gm or in decoction; liquid extract psoriasis & eczema, rheumatoid (1:1, 50% ethanol), 2-4 ml45. arthritis9, 14, 28, 45. Minor: Inflammation of the urinary HaemoVit Liquid GoldTM (HealthAid) organs28. Liquid (200ml); 10ml contains: sarsaparilla extract 10mg, ginkgo biloba Cautions/contraindications: None leaf extract 10mg, birch leaf extract 10mg, malt extract 1000mg, honey known. 220mg, vitamin C 60mg, thiamine 1.4mg, riboflavin 2.2mg, niacin 18mg, vitamin Side-effects: Stomach complaints and B6 2mg, folic acid 400mcg, vitamin 28 queasiness may occur in rare cases . B12 2mcg, pantothenic acid 8mg, iron 14mg, zinc 15mg, iodine 150mcg, lysine

~ 140 ~ saw palmetto

200mcg, calcium glycerophosphate Sarsaparilla (HealthAid) 45mg, potassium glycerophosphate Tablets; Sarsaparilla extract 140mg equiv. 45mg, sodium glycerophosphate 23mg, to 560mg of Sarsaparilla powder. manganese glycerophosphate 0.3mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

SAW PALMETTO Serenoa repens

Family: Arecaceae palmetto (100mg), EPO (50mg) (71% Medicinal Parts: Dried ripe fruit. omega 6 & omega 9). Syrup; Blueberry juice 5790mg, honey Indications: sugar free 3000mg, saw palmetto extract Principal: Micturition disorders (such 400mg, hops yeast 300mg, muira puama extract 250mg, stinging nettle extract as weak flow, incomplete voiding, 200mg, blueberry aroma 50mg, sodium frequent daytime and night time benzoate 10mg. urination) associated with mild to Local Distributor: Ultra Pharma Ltd. moderate BPH5, 9, 14, 19, 28, 417, 418, 419, 420, 421. Major: Androgenetic alopecia420, 422, Gentlemen’s ThreeTM (HealthAid) see chronic prostatitis and pelvic pain5, 420. Ginseng Korean Minor: Impotence, male infertility, decreased libido5. Herbal 3 (HealthAid) see Pumpkin Male Formula (HealthAid) see Ginseng Cautions: Patients with hormone- Korean dependent cancers28. If symptoms of BPH worsen, blood is detected in Male MaxTM (HealthAid) see Ginseng the urine, or acute urinary retention Korean occurs, professional reassessment is ® 5 Prostasan (A.Vogel) required . Capsules; Saw Palmetto extract 320mg. Local Distributor: Health Plus Contraindications: Pregnancy5, 9, 28. Prostate Formula (Vega) Side-effects: Occasionally, minor GI Capsules; Saw Palmetto berry extract complaints19, 28. 150mg (min. 40-45% fatty acids), saw palmetto berry powder 100mg, pumpkin Drug interactions: Finasteride (and seed powder 50mg, cayenne fruit powder other 5-alpha reductase inhibitors), 30mg, parsley leaf powder 30mg, niacin androgenic agents, anticoagulants5, 421. 18mg, zinc 15mg, vitamin C 60mg, vitamin E 10mg, vitamin B6 2mg, vitamin Dose: Daily dose: 320 mg of saw B2 1.6mg, vitamin B1 1.4mg, vitamin B12 palmetto fruit lipidosterolic extract; 1mcg, pantothenic acid 6mg, beta carotene 19 4.8mg, manganese 0.25mg, chromium dried fruit, 204 gm . 200mcg, copper 200mcg, folate 200mcg,

® selenium 200mcg. Chalet Hair Stimulant (Alta Care) Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. Capsules; Omega 3 (350mg), saw

~ 141 ~ schisandra

Prostavital® (HealthAid) see Pumpkin 250mg providing fatty acids 50mg. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Saw Palmetto (Arkopharma) Capsules; Soya oil, saw palmetto berry oil Saw Palmetto 1000mg & Uva Ursi extract. 100mg (Power Herbs) Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Capsules; Saw palmetto (4:1) extract 250mg equiv. to saw palmetto 1000mg, Saw Palmetto (HealthAid) uva ursi 100mg. Liquid; Saw palmetto extract 1:3 (equiv. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. of 330mg of saw palmetto herb) in 1ml. Tablets; Saw palmetto powder 55mg, saw Saw Palmetto Berry Extract (Solgar) palmetto extract 210mg (standardised for Vegicaps; Raw saw palmetto berry powder min 45-50% fatty acids). 300mg, standardised saw palmetto berry Local Distributor: Galea & Galea extract 150mg, PhytO2X ä (powdered blend of beta-carotene prep. and ascorbic Saw Palmetto (NatraHealth) acid). Tablets; Saw palmetto standardised extract Local Distributor: Natural Remedies

SCHISANDRA Schisandra chinensis

Family: Schisandraceae related drugs5, 424. Medicinal Parts: Fruit Dose: Dried fruit: 1.5-6 gm/day. Indications: Liquid extract (1:2): 3.5-8.5 ml/day or Principal: Liver damage, 25-60 ml/week5. hepatoprotection5, 28, 423, 424, 425. Major: Decreased resistance to Echinacea Plus Ginseng & Astragalus physical and emotional stress5, 425. Herbal Complex (Vega) see Echinacea Minor: Chronic cough, dyspnoea, Menophase (Higher Nature) diarrhoea, night sweats, irritability, 5, 28, 424, 426 Capsules; 25mg Schizandra berry extract palpitations, insomnia, asthma . 5:1, 25mg siberian ginseng, 5.25mg sage Others: In combination with other leaf extract 5:1, 5mg hops, 5mg angelica, herbal medicines to treat infection5, 28, 424. 5mg kelp, 5mg dandelion, 60mg vitamin E (200iu), 50mg hesperidin complex, Contraindications: Patients with 25mg vitamin C, 22mg magnesium, 10mg epilepsy, severe hypertension, niacin, 5mg vitamin B6, 2.5mg zinc. intracranial pressure28. Local Distributor: Health Plus Side-effects: Rarely, mild GI Milk Thistle and Artichoke (Higher discomfort, appetite suppression, Nature) see Milk Thistle hives5, 28. Milk Thistle Plus (FSC) see Milk Thistle

Drug interactions: Drugs ® metabolised by CYP 3A4 (particularly Multibionta Activate (Seven Seas) see Ginseng Korean nifedipine), tacrolimus, warfarin and

~ 142 ~ scotch pine

SCOTCH PINE Pinus species

Family: Pinaceae Menopause Formula (Vega) see Medicinal Parts: Tar extracted Starflower from trunks, branches and roots, oil ® extracted from fresh needles, branch Mucovit Sciroppo Adulti (Erba Vita) see Grindelia tips or fresh twigs. Mucovit® Sciroppo Bambini (Erba Vita) Indications: see Grindelia Principal: Bronchitis, congestive diseases of the upper & lower Multi Antioxidant Complex (Vega) see respiratory tract, common cold, Ginkgo cough28, 427. ® Major: Neuralgia, rheumatism, Neuralta Migren (Alta Care) see muscle pain, poor circulation28, 427. Peppermint Minor: Weak ligaments of the upper Pectovit® (Erba Vita) see Grindelia ankle joint, eczema, urticaria28. Perfectil Platinum (Vitabiotics) see Green Cautions: Patients with extensive Tea skin injuries, acute skin diseases, feverish or infectious diseases, cardiac Pine Bark Complex (Vega) insufficiency, or hypertonia should not Capsules; Vega Phytoantioxidant BaseTM use the drug as a bath additive28. 385mg providing antioxidants and prebiotics: apple & mixed wild berries concentrate 8:1, equiv. to herb 616mg, Contraindications: Bronchial 28 prebiotic acacia gum 308mg; Mixed herb asthma, whooping cough . polyphenols extract 30mg providing: blueberry fruit extract 15mg, green tea Side-effects: None known. leaf extract 15mg; pine bark extract 30mg. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Drug interactions: None known. Ltd.

Dose: Internal daily dose: 2 to 3 gm Totally Wise (Vega) see Green Tea drug several times a day. External, Vein Support Formula (Vega) see Ginkgo as a bath additive: 100 gm alcoholic extract in a full bath. Semi-solid Vitalize Regenerative Formula (Vega) see preparations: 20 to 50% ointment to Siberian Ginseng be rubbed in several times a day28. Wellman® Conception (Vitabiotics) see Maxijoint Formula (Vega) see Bilberry Maca

~ 143 ~ senna

SENNA Cassia species

Family: Fabaceae Erbalax® Forte Compresse (Erba Vita) Medicinal Parts: Leaves, fruit, Tablets; Micronized powders of: Senna flowers. leaves 312mg, aloe dried juice 288mg, cascara bark 252mg, rhubarb rhizome Indications 120mg, frangula bark, fennel fruits 54mg, : liquorice root 54mg, clove nails 54mg, Principal: Constipation9, 14, 28, 45, 428, 429, 430 peppermint essential oil 2.4mg. . Local Distributor: E.J. Busuttil Ltd. Major: For evacuation of the bowel prior to diagnostic tests of the GI and Eucarbon® (Trenka) colorectal area28. Tablets; Senna, rhubarb, charcoal vegetable, sulphur purified. Caution: Avoid prolonged use9. Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. Linoforce® (A. Vogel) see Flaxseed Contraindications: Intestinal obstruction, acute inflammatory 9, 28, 45 Prune & Senna (FSC) intestinal disease, appendicitis . Capsules; Prune extract equiv. to prune powder 125mg, senna extract 12mg (20% Side-effects: Spasmodic GI sennosides). complaints. Prolonged use may Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. lead to electrolyte losses, especially of potassium, albuminuria and Senna (HealthAid) haematuria, pigmentation of the Tablets; Senna extract 180mg equivalent to 900mg of senna powder. intestinal mucosa and damage of the Local Distributor: Galea & Galea myenteric plexus28, 45, 428. Sollievo (Aboca) Drug interactions: Licorice, Tablets; Senna powder 122mg corticosteroids, digitalis glycosides, (standardised to 2.5% sennosides), potassium-depleting diuretics, cape aloe juice 91.7mg (standardised to quinidine28, 428, 429. 18% aloin A & B), dandelion powder 91mg, chicory powder 32mg, fennel Dose: Unless otherwise prescribed, powder 27mg, caraway powder 23mg, boldo powder 7mg, cumin powder 6mg, daily dose (taken at bedtime): essential oil of fennel. preparations containing 10-60 mg Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. of hydroxyanthracene glycosides. Stimulant laxatives should only be Vegilax® (HealthAid) see Blessed Thistle taken for short periods (maximum of 10 days)45.

~ 144 ~ shitake mushroom

SHIITAKE MUSHROOM Lentinus edodes

Family: Pleurotaceae Side-effects: Allergic dermatitis, Medicinal Parts: Fruiting body. diarrhoea, mild pressure on the chest (disappear when shiitake is Indications: stopped)436. Principal: Cancer-prevention (sarcomas)431, heart disease, Drug-interactions: Anticoagulants, hyperlipidemia (including high blood NSAIDs433. cholesterol)432, hypertension433. Major: Infectious disease, hepatitis, Dose: Patients over 18 years, 6-16 gm diseases involving depressed of the whole, dried shiitake mushroom immune function (including AIDS), daily, or 1-3 gm powdered extract9. frequent colds and flu, bronchial inflammation432, 434. Echinacea Plus Ginseng & Astragalus Minor: Environmental allergies, Herbal Complex (Vega) see Echinacea fungal (especially Candida) infections435. Vitalize Regenerative Formula (Vega) see Others: Regulating urinary Siberian Ginseng incontinence435.

Cautions/contraindications: None known.

SIBERIAN GINSENG Eleutherococcus senticosus

Family: Araliaceae Cautions: Individuals who are highly Medicinal Parts: Root, rhizome. energetic, schizophrenic9, diabetics5.

Indications: Contraindications: Cardiovascular Principal: Stress, fatigue, lack of disease or hypertension5, 28. stamina5, 9, 28, 45, 437, 438, 439, 440. Major: Tendency to infection, Side-effects: None known following depression5, 28, 439. the proper administration of Minor: Upper respiratory tract designated therapeutic dosages. conditions439. Minor: Sleep disturbances439, Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, impotence, loss of appetite, pain & digoxin, chemotherapy, antidiabetic weakness in the hip and knee joints, agents, influenza virus vaccine5, 28, 439. rheumatoid arthritis28.

~ 145 ~ siberian ginseng

Dose‡: Daily dose: dried root and 75mg, vitamin E 35mg, vitamin C rhizome, 2-3 gm45, 438, 439. 60mg, niacin 15mg, vitamin B6 30mg, pantothenic acid 35mg, magnesium Active Women’s Multivitamins & 150mg, zinc 12mg, L-histidine 125mg, Minerals (Vega) L-arginine 500mg. Tablets; Siberian ginseng root extract Local Distributor: Galea & Galea 10:1, equiv to herb 500mg; flaxseed seed TM powder 100mg; bilberry fruit extract 4:1, Ginkgo Vital 3 (HealthAid) equiv to herb 60mg; green tea leaf extract Capsules; Siberian ginseng extract (5:1) 30mg, magnesium oxide 90mg, niacin 250mg, Korean ginseng extract (5:1) 90mg, acetyl L-carnitine 30mg, alpha 150mg, ginkgo biloba extract (50:1) lipoic acid 30mg, pantothenic acid 30mg, 100mg. PABA 30mg, zinc 15mg, iron 14mg, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea choline bitartrate 10mg, inositol 10mg, vitamin B6 (10mg), vitamin B2 (8mg), Ginseng Siberian Herbal Complex (Vega) vitamin B1 (7mg), vitamin C (60mg), Capsules; Ginseng siberian root powder vitamin E (30mg), vitamin K (100mcg), 200mg; ginseng siberian root extract vitamin B12 (5mcg), vitamin D2 (5mcg), (10:1) 150mg (min. 0.8% eleutherosides) beta carotene 4.8mg, folate 600mcg, equiv. to 1700mg ginseng siberian root TM manganese 0.5mg, biotin 450mcg, herb; Vega Phytoantioxidant Base chromium 300mcg, copper 300mcg, providing antioxidants and prebiotics: selenium 300mcg, iodine 150mcg, apple and mixed wild berries concentrate molybdenum 100mcg. 8:1 equiv. to herb 80mg, prebiotic acacia Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. gum 40mg . Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. AntiStress® (Erba Vita) see Maca Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) see Brain Fuel Formula (Vega) see Ginkgo Guarana

Energizer Formula (Vega) Menophase (Higher Nature) see Capsules; Siberian ginseng root extract Schisandra (10:1) 500mg (min 0.8% eleutherosides); damiana leaf powder 100mg, pantothenic Menovital® (HealthAid) see Dong Quai acid 60mg, vitamin C 60mg, acetyl L-carnitine 30mg, octacosanol 30mg, Omega-H3 (Vitabiotics) see Buckwheat L-arginine 25mg, L-methionine 25mg, niacin 36mg, zinc 7.5mg, iron 7mg, PowerplusTM (HealthAid) vitamin B6 4mg, vitamin B2 3.2mg, Capsules; Siberian ginseng extract (5:1) vitamin B1 2.8mg, vitamin B12 1mcg, 250mg, Korean ginseng extract (5:1) manganese 0.25mg, folate 200mcg, 150mg, Ginkgo biloba extract (50:1) selenium 100mcg, copper 50mcg. 100mg, soyabean oil 430mg. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

Fem-X (HealthAid) Sibergin® 2500 (HealthAid) Tablets; Siberian ginseng extract (15:1) Capsules; Siberian ginseng 5:1 extract 500mg (equiv. to 2500mg of ginseng root ‡ Eleutherococcus senticosus should not be powder). taken continuously for periods exceeding 3 Local Distributor: Galea & Galea months; occasional use or courses of 1 month followed by a 2-month interval are recom- mended45.

~ 146 ~ siberian ginseng

Siberian Ginseng (Arkopharma) acetyl L-carnitine 25mg, creatine 25mg, Capsules; Siberian ginseng powder 250mg malic acid 25mg, octacosanol 25mg, zinc (0.2% eleutherosides). 7.5mg, iron 7mg, vitamin B6 4mg, vitamin Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. B2 3.2mg, vitamin B1 2.8mg, alpha lipoic acid 2mg, pine bark extract 2mg (min. Siberian Ginseng (HealthAid) 70% proanthocyanadins), folate 400mcg, Liquid; Siberian ginseng extract 1:3 (equiv. manganese 0.25mg, selenium 100mcg, of 330mg of Siberian ginseng herb). copper 50mcg, vitamin B12 2mcg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Ltd.

Siberian Ginseng (Power Health) Wellman (Vitabiotics) Capsules; Siberian ginseng extract 5:1 Capsules; Siberian ginseng 20mg, garlic 100mg equiv. to fresh whole root 500mg. 20mg, bioflavonoids 10mg, PABA Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. 20mg, vitamin A 750mcg, vitamin D3 5mcg, vitamin E 20mg, vitamin C Siberian Ginseng (Quest) 60mg, vitamin B1 12mg, vitamin B2 Tablets; Siberian ginseng root extract 5mg, vitamin B3 20mg, vitamin B6 35mg, providing eleutherosides 280mcg. 9mg, folacin 500mcg, vitamin B12 Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. 9mcg, biotin 0.05mg, pantothenic acid 10mg, iron 6mg, magnesium 50mg, zinc Siberian Ginseng 250mg (HealthAid) 15mg, iodine 150mcg, manganese 3mg, Capsules; Siberian ginseng 250mg. copper 1500mcg, chromium 50mcg, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea selenium 150mcg, silicon 10mg, arginine 20mg, methionine 20mg, natural mixed Siberian Ginseng 1500mg (Lamberts) carotenoids 5mg. Tablets; Siberian ginseng 1500mg equiv. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. to 100mg of a 15:1 extract, eleutheroside E 660mcg, eleutheroside B 150mcg. Wellman 50+ (Vitabiotics) Local Distributor: Health Plus Tablets; Siberian ginseng 20mg, Co-Q10 2mg, L-carnitine 10mg, citrus bioflavonoid SiberSlimTM (HealthAid) complex 10mg, lutein esters 2mg, Tablets; Siberian eleuthero extract (15:1) phosphatidylcholine 10mg, L-glutathione 60mg, ginger extract (20:1) 50mg, guarana 5mg, L-arginine 20mg, L-methionine extract 40mg, apple cider vinegar 50mg, 20mg, natural mixed carotenoids 3mg, hydroxycitric acid 50mg, seaweed 50mg, PABA 10mg, vitamin A 800mcg, vitamin white kidney bean 50mg, L-arginine HCl D3 15mcg, vitamin E 15mg, vitamin C 50mg, L-methionine 50mg, L-ornithine 80mg, vitamin B1 14mg, vitamin B2 4mg, HCl 50mg, green tea extract 20mg, vitamin B3 36mg, vitamin B6 9mg, folacin chromium 47.25mcg. 500mcg, vitamin B12 20mcg, biotin Local Distributor: Galea & Galea 50mcg, pantothenic acid 10mg, iron 6mg, zinc 15mg, iodine 150mcg, magnesium Vitalize Regenerative Formula (Vega) 0.5mg, copper 1mg, chromium 75mcg, Capsules; Siberian ginseng root extract selenium 150mcg, silicon 10mg. 10:1 equiv. to herb 500mg (min. 0.8% Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. eleutherosides), pantothenic acid 60mg, ® vitamin C 60mg, bilberry fruit extract Wellman Conception (Vitabiotics) see 4:1 equiv. to herb 50mg (min. 0.5% Maca allicin content), green tea leaf extract ® 50mg (min. 40% polyphenols), shiitake Wellman Sport (Vitabiotics) mushroom powder 50mg, niacin 36mg, Tablets; Siberian ginseng extract 50mg,

~ 147 ~ slippery elm citrus bioflavonoids 60% 10mg, natural 75mcg, pantothenic acid 10mg, iron 6mg, mixed carotenoids 2mg, vitamin A magnesium 50mg, zinc 15mg, iodine 750mcg, vitamin D 15mcg, vitamin 150mcg, manganese 0.5mg, copper E 30mg, vitamin C 60mg, vitamin B1 1000mcg, octacosanol 3mg, L-tyrosine 12mg, vitamin B2 5mg, vitamin B3 50mg, L-arginine 20mg, L-lysine 20mg, 24mg, vitamin B6 10mg, folic acid alpha lipoic acid 20mg, L-carnitine 400mcg, vitamin B12 15mcg, biotin tartarate 50mg, co-enzyme Q10 10mg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. SLIPPERY ELM Ulmus rubra

Family: Ulmaceae Side-effects: Contact dermatitis28. Medicinal Parts: Dried inner bark. Drug interactions: Iron28. Indications: Principal: GI conditions including Dose: Powdered bark (1:10) in hot gastritis, acid dyspepsia, gastric water, 5-20 ml; equivalent tablets or reflux, peptic ulcers, IBS5, 9, 45, 28. other dosage forms. May be taken Major: Inflamed skin conditions, as often as required. For topical wounds, burns, to draw out boils & applications, as a poultrice using abscesses5, 28, 45. mucilage of suitable viscosity45. Minor: Bronchitis, cystitis, intestinal parasites5. Slippery Elm (HealthAid) Others: Gout, rheumatism, inflamed Tablets; Slippery elm extract 140mg joints, toothache5. equiv. to 560mg of slippery elm powder. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Contraindications: Pregnancy28.

SORREL Rumex acetosa

Family: Polygonaceae Cautions/contraindications: None Medicinal Parts: Fresh leaves, whole known. herb. Side-effects: None known. Indications: Principal: Acute and chronic Drug interactions: None known. inflammation of the nasal passages and respiratory tract28. Dose: Adults’ daily dose: 2 coated Major: An adjuvant in antibacterial tablets or 50 drops (with 19% ethanol) therapy28. taken 3 times daily28.

~ 148 ~ st. john’s wort

ST. JOHN’S WORT Hypericum perforatum

Family: Clusiaceae/Gluttiferae rich food, hormonal contraceptives, Medicinal Parts: Aerial parts, irinotecan, lithium, loperamide, flowering tops. methylphenidate, NNRTIs, opioids, protease inhibitors, proton pump Indications: inhibitors, SSRIs, statins (atorvastatin Principal: Mild to moderate and simvastatin but not pravastatin), depression5, 9, 19, 28, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445. tacrolimus, talinolol, theophylline, Major: Low mood, anxiety and tibolone, tricyclic antidepressants, insomnia, particularly if associated triptans, voriconazole, warfarin and with menopause, seasonal affective related drugs, methadone5, 28, 445, 449. disorder, PMS5, 9, 28, 445, 446, 447. Minor: Obsessive compulsive Dose: Adult daily dose: 450-1050 disorder448, polyneuropathy, herpes mg (typically 900mg) of dry extracts infection, smoking cessation5. (4-7:1, 50-60% ethanol); 900 mg of Others: Sciatica, GI conditions (such hydroalcoholic extract standardised to as oesophagitis & peptic ulcers)5. 3-6% of hyperforin and 0.12-0.28% Topical Use: Acute dermatitis, of hypericin; 3-4.5 ml of tincture myalgia, first-degree burns5, 28. (1:5, ethanol 50% v/v); equivalent preparations19. Cautions: People with fair skin undergoing UV treatment should use It is advised that patients using high doses of St. John’s Wort with St. John’s Wort long term have caution. Suspend use of St. John’s their doses reduced slowly when Wort 2 weeks prior to major surgery. discontinuing use5. Pregnancy5, 9, 28. Controller® Natural Sleep (Alta Care) see Contraindications: History of Linden photosensitivity or hypersensitivity to TM St. John’s Wort28. Hypercal (Nelsons) see Marigold Hyperiforce® (A.Vogel) Side-effects: GI symptoms, Tablets; 40-73 mg St. John’s Wort extract. photosensitivity, other skin conditions Local Distributor: Health Plus and agitation5. Magnolia, Valerian, St. John’s Wort Drug interactions: General Complex (HealthAid) see Hoodia anesthetics, antidiabetics, antiepileptics, long-term use of St. John’s Wort (Arkopharma) benzodiazepines, bupropion, Capsules; St. John’s Wort standardised extract 185mg. buspirone, caffeine, calcium channel Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. blockers, ciclosporin, digoxin, eplerenone, etoposide, tyramine- St. John’s Wort (HealthAid)

~ 149 ~ starflower

Liquid; St. John’s Wort extract 1:3 (equiv. PhytO2X ä (powdered blend of beta- of 330mg of St. John’s Wort herb) in 1ml. carotene prep. and ascorbic acid). Tablets; 315mg St. John’s Wort powder, Local Distributor: Natural Remedies 185mg standardised St. John’s Wort extract (standardised to contain 0.3% St. John’s Wort Herbal Complex (Vega) hypericin). Capsules; St. John’s Wort herb extract Local Distributor: Galea & Galea 333mg (min. 0.3% hypericin, 3% hyperforin), chamomile flower extract 4:1, St. John’s Wort (Quest) equiv. to herb 50mg (min. 1.2% apigenin); Tablets; St. John’s Wort extract 333mg, Vega Phytoantioxidant BaseTM 40mg providing hypericin 1000mcg. providing antioxidants and prebiotics: Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. apple and mixed wild berries concentrate 8:1, equiv. to herb 64mg, prebiotic acacia St. John’s Wort ‘300’ Herb Extract gum 32mg. (Solgar) Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Vegicaps; Raw St. John’s Wort herb Ltd. powder 300mg, standardised St. John’s Wort herb powdered extract (providing TranquilTM (HealthAid) see Hawthorn 0.5mg [0.3%] hypericin) 175mg,

STARFLOWER Borago officinalis

Family: Boraginaceae disorders), swelling9, 14, 28, 451, . Medicinal Parts: Oil from seeds, Major: Eczema, infantile seborrheic leaves. dermatosis, hypertension, depression28. Indications: Oil Cautions: Avoid excessive or Principal: Cardiovascular disease, prolonged ingestion of starflower platelet aggregation. Starflower oil due to its toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid is a source of GLA, an omega-6 constituents28, 451. fatty acid and is extensively used in diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Contraindications: Schizophrenic osteoporosis, menopausal symptoms, and/or epileptic patients and in PMS, allergic rhinitis, rheumatoid those receiving epileptogenic drugs arthritis, ADHD, weight loss, (starflower oil may cause temporal hypertension, ulcers and cancer14, 28, 450, lobe epilepsy)28. Pregnancy and 451, 452, 453. breastfeeding14, 28.

Leaves (Not to be used internally but Side-effects: GI discomfort28, status as an emollient poultrice) epilepticus452. Principal: Fever, upper respiratory tract infections, inflammation Drug interactions: Antiplatelet drugs, (especially kidney and bladder NSAIDs, phenothiazines, warfarin

~ 150 ~ starflower and related drugs, iron28, 451. Menopause Formula (Vega) Capsules; Starflower seed oil powder Dose: 33% 100mg (providing min. 20% GLA), Atopic dermatitis/eczema: 2-3 gm green tea leaf extract 20mg (min. 40% polyphenols), pine bark extract 2mg (min. borage oil daily in divided doses. 70% proanthocyanadins), magnesium Rheumatoid arthritis: 6-7 gm of oxide 60mg, vitamin C 60mg, soy borage oil (equivalent to 1.4 gm of isoflavone concentrate 25mg, niacin GLA content) daily in 3 divided doses 18mg, vitamin B6 10mg, vitamin E 10mg, after meals. zinc 7.5mg, iron 7mg, pantothenic acid Topical: Atopic dermatitis/eczema: 6mg, beta carotene 4.8mg, alpha lipoic Cream containing 3% to 10% borage acid 4mg, vitamin B2 1.6mg, vitamin oil content: apply twice daily28. B1 1.4mg, folate 500mcg, manganese 0.5mg, selenium 200mcg, copper 100mcg, Biocosmetics Starflower Oil (Power vitamin B12 5mcg. Health) Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Discaps; Starflower oil 250mg (containing Ltd. on average 23% of its fatty acids as GLA), ® vitamin E 8mg. Menovital (HealthAid) see Dong Quai Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Perfectil Plus (Vitabiotics) Borage Oil 500mg (Power Health) Capsules; Starflower seed oil 200mg, Capsules; Borage oil 500mg providing blackcurrant seed oil 50mg, omega-6 fatty GLA 130mg, linolenic acid 184mg. acids 121mg, lycopene extract 6mg, co- Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. enzyme Q10 5mg, omega-3 fish oil 300mg (providing DHA 150mg, EPA 30mg), Evening Primrose Oil with Starflower Oil lutein esters 6mg. 1000mg (Lamberts) see Evening Primrose Tablets; Vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin E 40mg, vitamin C 60mg, thiamin 8mg, Femmevit® (HealthAid) riboflavin 4mg, niacin 18mg, vitamin Tablets; Starflower oil powder 150mg, B6 10mg, folacin 500mcg, vitamin B12 chamomile extract 50mg, oat seed extract 9mcg, biotin 45mcg, pantothenic acid (10:1) (equiv. to 400mg of oat seed 40mg, iron 12mg, magnesium 75mg, zinc powder) 40mg, ginger root extract (20:1) 15mg, iodine 200mcg, manganese 0.5mg, (equiv. to 1000mg of ginger root powder) copper 1mg, chromium 50mcg, selenium 50mg, vitex agnus-castus (5:1) (equiv. to 100mcg, cystine 10mg, natural and mixed 100mg of agnus castus powder) 20mg, carotenoids 2mg. natural mixed carotenoids 120mg, vitamin Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. D3 5mcg, vitamin E 33mg, vitamin C 60mg, vitamin B1 10mg, vitamin B2 Phytobronz (Arkopharma) see Grapeseed 10mg, vitamin B3 18mg, pantothenic acid 6mg, vitamin B6 10mg, folacin Starflower Oil (Arkopharma) 400mcg, vitamin B12 10mcg, iron 14mg, Capsules; Starflower oil (24% GLA). magnesium 150mg, zinc 15mg, iodine Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd. 150mcg, chromium 200mcg, selenium 50mcg, PABA 50mg. Starflower Oil (HealthAid) Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Oil; 15 drops provide on average: pure starflower oil (borage oil) 1000mg which Hi-Active Formula (Vega) see Oats contains GLA 230mg (23%). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

~ 151 ~ sundew

Starflower Oil (Higher Nature) to herb 224mg, prebiotic acacia gum Capsules; Starflower oil 1000mg, 112mg. providing 204mg GLA. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Local Distributor: Health Plus Ltd.

Starflower Oil 1000mg (HealthAid) Wellwoman (Vitabiotics) Capsules; Starflower oil 1000mg (contains Capsules; Starflower oil 100mg, EPO 23% GLA), vitamin E 20mg. 100mg, citrus bioflavonoids 10mg, natural Local Distributor: Galea & Galea mixed carotenoids 2mg, vitamin D 5mcg, vitamin E 30mg, vitamin C 60mg, vitamin Starflower Oil (Omega-6) Plus Soya B1 10mg, vitamin B2 5mg, vitamin Lecithin (Vega) B3 36mg, vitamin B6 10mg, folacin Capsules; Soya lecithin powder 150mg; 400mcg, vitamin B12 20mcg, biotin Starflower seed oil powder 33% 150mg 50mcg, pantothenic acid 6mg, iron 12mg, (providing GLA 20% 10mg); Vega magnesium 100mg, zinc 12mg, vitamin Phytoantioxidant BaseTM providing K 90mcg, manganese 2.5mg, copper antioxidants and prebiotics: apple and 1500mcg, selenium 100mcg, chromium mixed wild berries concentrate 8:1, equiv. 50mcg, PABA 30mg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd.

SUNDEW Drosera ramentacea

Family: Droseraceae Side-effects: None known. Medicinal Parts: Whole herb. Drug interactions: None known. Indications: Principal: Respiratory problems Dose: The daily average dose is 3 gm particularly coughing fits and dry drug. The dosage of the infusion when coughs9, 28. used as a broncholytic is 1 cup, 3 to 4 Major: Asthma, warts9, 28. times daily28. Minor: Chronic bronchitis with peptic ulceration or gastritis, gastric Broncovit® (Erba Vita) see Grindelia ulceration9. Tusserbe® Sed (ESI) Cautions/contraindications: None Syrup; Red poppy 6ml, hollyhock 6ml, sundew 6ml, lichen 6ml, ivy 6ml. known. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd.

~ 152 ~ sweet clover

SWEET CLOVER Melilotus officinalis

Family: Fabaceae Cautions: Patients taking aspirin19. Medicinal Parts: Flowering herb. Side-effects: In rare cases Indications: headaches19, transitory liver damage Principal: Complaints arising from is possible in susceptible individuals chronic venous insufficiency in the (monitor liver enzymes)28. legs, such as varicose veins and associated pains, swelling, nocturnal Drug interactions: Anticoagulants19, cramp, itching and feeling of 454. heaviness19, 28, 454. Major: Oedema, inflammation, Dose: Adult daily dose: preparations cutaneous capillary fragility, containing the equivalent of up to haemorrhoids19, 28, 454. 10 gm dried herb, in divided doses. Minor: Phlebitis, indigestion and For preparations of known coumarin flatulence, minor sleep disorders, content, the equivalent of up to 30 mg rheumatic pains, burns19, 28. of coumarin, or up to 1 mg/kg body Others: Bruises, sprains, superficial weight19, 28. bleeding [external use]19, 28. Silvia® Feminin Formula (Alta Care) see Hops

STINGING NETTLE see Nettle

TAMARIND Tamarindus indica

Family: Fabaceae Others: Bilious vomiting, pharyngitis, Medicinal Parts: Fruit pulp, dried stomatitis, haemorrhoids28. seeds. Cautions/contraindications: None Indications: known. Principal: Acute or chronic constipation14, 28, 455. Side-effects: None known. Major: Liver and gallbladder ailments, stomachache, fever14, 28, 455, . Drug interactions: Aspirin (increased Minor: Gastric ulceration456, bioavailability leading to GI obesity457. bleeding)14.

~ 153 ~ tea tree

Dose: 10 to 50 gm of cleaned HCA (Higher Nature) tamarind paste, pure or with other Tablets; Tamarind fruit extract 750mg, purgatives daily; taken in fruit cubes28. providing hydroxycitric acid (HCA) (60%) 450mg. 2-Day DetoxPlan (HealthAid) see Milk Local Distributor: Health Plus Thistle Lass-B (Erba Vita) see Dandelion Erbalax® Delicato Sciroppo (Erba Vita) see Rhubarb

TEA TREE Melaleuca alternifolia

Family: Myrtaceae cream base applied twice daily. Medicinal Parts: Essential oil from Acne: 5% essential oil in cream or gel leaves and branches. base applied twice daily. Vaginitis: intravaginally applied Indications: tampons saturated in a 1% emulsified Principal: Acne vulgaris458, 459, solution, vaginal pessaries containing athlete’s foot, onychomycosis5, 28, 460. 0.2 gm essential oil. Major: Dandruff, cystitis5, 28, 460. Cervicitis: Intravaginally applied Minor: Vaginitis, cervicitis, gingivitis, tampons saturated in a 20% MRSA infection5, 28, 461. emulsified solution5. Others: Cold sores462, head lice eradication5. Aloe Vera ESI® (ESI) see Aloe Vera

Contraindications: Eczematous or Herbal Cream (HealthAid) see Arnica inflamed skin (may cause irritation). Organic Aloe Vera Gel Infused with The essential oil should not be used Organic Tea Tree Oil and Arnica (dr. internally in the form of an oral rinse organic®) see Aloe Vera that is not swallowed or as a vaginal 5, 28 douche . Organic Pomegranate (dr.organic®) see Pomegranate Side-effects: Contact dermatitis5, 28. Diarrhoea, CNS toxicity, and coma Organic Tea Tree (dr.organic®) may occur if sufficient quantities are Cream; Tea tree, aloe vera, sesame seed ingested28. oil, cocoa butter. Lip balm; Tea tree oil, shea butter, Drug interactions: None known. beeswax, vitamin E. Mouthwash; Tea tree oil, Iceland moss, grapefruit. Dose: Nail solution; Tea tree oil, undecylenic Onychomycosis: 100% essential oil acid, sweet almond oil, rice bran oil, applied twice daily. jojoba oil, vitamin E. Tinea pedis: 10% essential oil in Oil; Tea tree.

~ 154 ~ thyme

Stick; Tea tree, arnica. Shampoo; Tea tree. Toothpaste; Tea tree oil, aloe vera, silica, Soap; Tea tree oil. Iceland moss, horse chestnut. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Tea Tree (Nelsons) Rash Relief Cream (Rapaid) see Aloe Cream; Melaleuca alternifolia. Vera Local Distributor: Serolf Trading Agency

Tea Tree (Bios Line) Tea Tree Balm (Power Health) Ointment; Sweet almond oil 3%, tea tree Balm; Tea tree oil, aqua, cetearyl alcohol, essential oil 0.5%, lavender essential oil petrolatum. 0.5%, olive glycerine maceration 2%, Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. thyme hydrolat 5%. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Tea Tree & Witch Hazel Cream (Lanes) see Witch Hazel Tea Tree (HealthAid) Cream, lotion; Sweet almond oil, tea tree. Teenstick (Arkopharma) see Clove

THYME Thymus vulgaris

Family: Labiatae Side-effects: Nausea, vomiting, Medicinal Parts: Leaves, flowering headache, dizziness, convulsions, tops. cardiac or respiratory arrest if taken internally; contact dermatitis with Indications: topical use5, 28. Principal: Respiratory tract infections (particularly bronchitis)5, 9, 19, 28, 463, 464. Drug interactions: None known. Major: Diarrhoea, gastritis, dyspepsia, skin disinfection in minor wounds Dose: The recommended daily dose (topical use)5, 9, 19, 28. is 10 gm drug with 0.03% phenol, Minor: Inflammations of the mouth calculated as thymol. When using a and throat, enuresis in children5, 9, 19, liquid extract, 1 to 2 gm is taken 1 to 28, 463. 3 times daily. The single dose for the Others: Insect bites and stings, infusion is 1.5 gm drug, or 1 to 2 gm athlete’s foot & other fungal drug per cup of water taken several infections, scabies, lice, oral cavity times a day. The dose for the powder squamous cell carcinoma464, 5, 9, 19, 28. is 1 to 4 gm drug twice daily28.

Cautions: Enterocolitis, congestive Alito Fresco e Balsamico (Sella) see heart failure5, pregnant women19. Eucalyptus

® Contraindications: People who are Altacura Broncotuss (Alta Care) see allergic to the Labiatae family5. Meadowsweet

~ 155 ~ tragacanth

Candiclear (Higher Nature) 24.875%, aniseed essential oil 0.075%, Capsules; Thyme 25mg, rosemary 25mg, eucalyptus essential oil 0.05%. lemon balm 25mg, Pau D’arco 25mg, Local Distributor: Health Plus calcium octanoate 175mg, magnesium octanoate 175mg. Mucovit® Sciroppo Adulti (Erba Vita) see Local Distributor: Health Plus Grindelia

Ivy-Thyme Complex (A.Vogel) Mucovit® Sciroppo Bambini (Erba Vita) Liquid; Tinctures of fresh ivy herb 40%, see Grindelia thyme herb 35%, licorice dried root Tusserbe® Fluid (ESI) see Mullein

TRAGACANTH Astragalus gummifer

Family: Fabaceae added to 250 to 300 ml liquid for oral Medicinal Parts: Gum-like exudation administration28. from trunk and branches. Astragalus (HealthAid) Indications: Liquid; Astragalus extract 1:3 (equiv. of Principal: Constipation28. 330mg of astragalus herb in 1ml). Major: Treatment of eye, liver & Tablets; Astragalus root powder 545mg 28 (standardised for min 0.5% glycosides and throat tumors . 70% polysaccharides). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Cautions: Maintain adequate fluid intake (insufficient intake can lead Herbal Female Complex (Solgar) see to obstruction ileus & oesophageal Black Cohosh closure)28. Wintervits® (HealthAid) Side-effects: Allergic reactions in rare Tablets; Astragalus powder 230mg, cases28. echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) extract (4:1) 225mg, maitake mushroom powder 225mg, rutin 100mg, propolis extract Drug interactions: None known. (4:1) 150mg, white willow bark 50mg, vitamin C 1000mg, zinc 15mg, calcium Dose: A typical single dose is 1 tsp 100mg, quercetin 30mg. granulated drug (approximately 3 gm) Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

~ 156 ~ turmeric

TURMERIC Curcuma domestica

Family: Zingiberaceae between meals. The tincture dose is Medicinal Parts: Dried secondary 10 to 15 drops 2 to 3 times daily28. rhizome. 4.3.2.1 Performance Detox (Arkopharma) Indications: see Green Tea

Principal: Cancer prevention TM (notably for GI, colorectal & prostate Allergforte (HealthAid) see Nettle cancer)465, 466, osteoarthritis467 and Altacura® Influtuss (Alta Care) see other inflammatory conditions Meadowsweet – inflammatory bowel disease, 468, 469, 470 pancreatitis . Altacura® Influtuss Extra (Alta Care) see Major: Hyperlipidaemia, Papaya cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, stroke471, Atrotone® (HealthAid) dyspepsia468, peptic ulcers5, 14, 28, 470. Prolonged release tablets; Turmeric Minor: Chronic anterior uveitis469, powder 100mg, green lipped mussel oral submucous fibrosis5. powder 350mg, glucosamine sulphate Others: Jaundice, skin infections, 250mg, free glucosamine 195mg, psoriasis5, 468. chondroitin sulphate 200mg, methyl sulfinyl methane 150mg, collagen type II 100mg, manganese 2mg. Cautions: Avoid high doses in males Local Distributor: Galea & Galea and females wanting to conceive, suspend concentrated extracts 1 week DLPA & Turmeric (Quest) prior to major surgery5. Tablets; DL-Phenylalanine 250mg, curcumin 100mg, black pepper extract Contraindications: Bile duct providing piperine 2.5mg. obstruction5, 28, breast cancer patients Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. treated with cyclophosphamide5, FootCare Cream (Himalaya) see hyperacidity or GI ulcers, Fenugreek pregnancy28. JointWise Complete Multipack (Vega) Side-effects: Contact dermatitis5, 28. Hard capsules; Turmeric 35mg, MSM complex 10mg, calcium 85mg. Drug interactions: Beta-blockers, Tablets; Glucosamine 1500mg, midazolam470, anticoagulants, chondroitin 1200mg. cyclophosphamide5. Soft capsules; Marine omega 3 fatty acids and fish oil 1000mg. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons Dose: The average daily dose is 1.5 to Ltd. 3 gm of drug. The powder should be taken 2 to 3 times daily after meals; Livercare® (HealthAid) see Milk Thislte the tea (2 to 3 cups) should be taken

~ 157 ~ uva-ursi

Milk Thistle Complex (HealthAid) see 400mg, vitamin C 100mg, turmeric Milk Thistle powder 100mg, manganese 2mg. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Multi-Max® Advance (Lamberts) Tablets; Turmeric extract 50mg, green Osteoflex® Plus (HealthAid) tea extract 50mg, grapeseed extract Prolonged release tablets; Glucosamine 10mg,vitamin A 781mcg, vitamin D sulphate 500mg, of which: free 10mcg, vitamin E 30mg, vitamin C glucosamine 390mg, chondroitin sulphate 120mg, thiamin 5mg, riboflavin 4mg, 400mg, vitamin C 100mg, turmeric niacin 4mg, vitamin B6 10mg, folic acid powder equivalent 100mg, manganese 500mcg, vitamin B12 500mcg, biotin 2mg, hyluronic acid 55mg. 0.15mg, pantothenic acid 12mg, vitamin Local Distributor: Galea & Galea K 40mcg, calcium 100mg, iron 7mg, magnesium 50mg, zinc 15mg, iodine Turmeric 10,000mg (Lamberts) 150mcg, manganese 4mg, copper 1.2mg, Tablets; Turmeric spice 10,000mg (as a selenium 200mcg, chromium 200mcg, 500mg extract). choline bitartrate 5mg, inositol 5mg, Local Distributor: Health Plus PABA 5mg, lutein 2mg. Local Distributor: Health Plus Turmeric Root Extract (HealthAid) Tablets; Curcumin powder extract 350mg Osteoflex® (HealthAid) (derived from turmeric) standardised for a Prolonged release tablets; Glucosamine min 95% curcuminoids, turmeric powder sulphate 500mg, of which: free 150mg, bromelain 20mg. glucosamine 390mg, chondroitin sulphate Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

UVA-URSI Arctostaphylos uva-ursi

Family: Ericaceae antibacterial effect9, 28, 45. Medicinal Parts: Leaves. Side-effects: Individuals with gastric Indications: sensitivity may experience nausea, Principal: Urinary tract infections9, 28, vomiting and/or stomachache28, 45. 45, 472. Major: Cystitis, urethritis, dysuria, Drug interactions: Iron, thiazide & pyelitis, lithuria9, 28. loop diuretics28.

Cautions: Not for unsupervised, Dose: Unless otherwise prescribed, prolonged use28. three to four times daily: dried leaf, 1.5-2.5 gm or in infusion or cold Contraindications: Kidney disorders, aqueous extract; liquid extract (1:1, irritated digestive disorders, acidic 25% ethanol), 1.5-2.5 ml; tincture urine, pregnancy, lactation, children (1:5, 25% ethanol), 2-4 ml. under 12 years. It should not be Treatment should be of short duration administered with substances that (maximum of 7 days). An ‘alkaline’ cause acidic urine since it reduces its diet, high in vegetables and fruit,

~ 158 ~ valerian should be taken during treatment45. bearberry 75%, Echinacea herb 23.75%, fresh Echinacea root 1.25%. Aquaflow® (HealthAid) see Dandelion Local Distributor: Health Plus

® Boldo Multi-Herbal Complex (Healthlife) Vegilax (HealthAid) see Blessed Thistle see Boldo Vitamin B12 (Quest) Slim-Rite (HealthAid) see Alfalfa Tablets; Vitamin B12 500mcg, uva ursi leaf extract 25mg (equiv. to 100mg herb Uva Ursi (HealthAid) powder). Liquid; Uva ursi extract 1:3 (equiv. of Local Distributor: Pharma MT Ltd. 330mg of uva ursi herb) in 1ml. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Saw Palmetto 1000mg & Uva Ursi 100mg (Power Herbs) see Saw Palmetto Uva-ursi complex (A.Vogel) Liquid; Tinctures of fresh aerial parts of

VALERIAN Valeriana officinalis

Family: Valerianaceae dextromethorphan5, 28, 474. Medicinal Parts: Roots, rhizome. Dose: Unless otherwise prescribed, Indications: up to three times daily: dried root Principal: Insomnia, anxiety and and rhizome, 1-3 gm or by infusion; psychological stress states5, 9, 14, 28, 45, tincture (1:5, 70% ethanol), 3-5 ml; 473, 474, 475. equivalent preparations45. Major: Restlessness, muscle spasm & cramping (associated with 5-HTP (Solgar) see Griffonia dysmenorrhoea)5, 9, 28, 45, 474, 476. ® Minor: Fibromyalgia, benzodiazepine Controller Natural Sleep (Alta Care) see withdrawal5. Linden

® Cautions: When driving a car or Dormeasan (A.Vogel) Liquid; Valerian extract and hops operating heavy machinery when high 5 extract obtained from freshly harvested doses are used , pre-existing liver organically cultivated valerian root and 28 disease, pregnancy & breastfeeding . hops. Local Distributor: Health Plus Side-effects: Rarely, GI complaints and contact allergies28. Kalms (Lanes) Tablets; Hops powder 45mg, valerian Drug interactions: Alcohol, extract 135mg, gentian extract 90mg. barbiturates, benzodiazpeines, Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. caffeine, chlorzoxazone, Magnolia, Valerian, St. John’s Wort

~ 159 ~ velvet bean

Complex (HealthAid) see Hoodia Local Distributor: Health Plus

Natrasleep (Natra) Valerian Herbal Complex (Vega) Tablets; Hops powders extract (5:1) Capsules; Valerian root powder 300mg; 33.4mg, valerian powder extract (4:1) valerian root extract (4:1) 150mg (min. 62.5mg. 0.8% valerenic acid) equiv. to 900mg Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. valerian root herb; Vega Phytoantioxidant BaseTM 45mg providing antioxidants and Quiet Life (Lanes) see Hops prebiotics: apple and mixed wild berries concentrate 8:1, equiv. to herb 72mg, Sedivitax (Aboca) see Passionflower prebiotic acacia gum 36mg. Local Distributor: Alfred Gera & Sons TranquilTM (HealthAid) see Hawthorn Ltd.

Valerian (HealthAid) Valerian Root (HealthAid) Tablets; Valerian root powder 50mg, Liquid; Valerian extract 1:3 (equiv. of valerian root extract 215mg (standardised 330mg of valerian herb) in 1ml. for min 0.8% valerinic acid). Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Valerian Root Extract (Solgar) Valerian 270mg (Power Herbs) Vegicaps; Raw valerian root powder Capsules; Valerian root powder 270mg. 300mg, standardised valerian root extract Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. (providing 1mg [0.8%] valerenic acid) 150mg, PhytO2X ä (powdered blend of Valerian 1600mg (Lamberts) beta-carotene prep. and ascorbic acid). Tablets; Valerian 1600mg (provided by Local Distributor: Natural Remedies 400mg of a 4:1 extract).

VELVET BEAN Mucuna pruriens

Family: Fabaceae Contraindications: Pregnancy479. Medicinal Parts: Seeds, hairs on the pod. Side-effects: Itching, burning and inflammation if stinging hairs are in Indications: contact with the skin28. Principal: Parkinson’s disease477, 478, 479. Drug interactions: None known. Major: Impotence, erectile dysfunction479. Dose: Decoction: ½ to 1 cup twice daily; 1-2 gm twice daily of seed Minor: To increase testosterone, 479 anabolic/androgenic aid to stimulate powder (tablets or capsules) . growth hormone, as a weight loss 479 Male Formula (HealthAid) see Ginseng aid . Korean Others: Worm infestation28, 479. Male MaxTM (HealthAid) see Ginseng Korean ~ 160 ~ white willow

WHITE WILLOW Salix species

Family: Salicaceae Arthur’s Formula Ltd (Power Health) see Medicinal Parts: Bark. Devil’s Claw

TM Indications: Cellusite (HealthAid) Principal: Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid Tablets; 200mg white willow bark extract 2:1, 100mg dandelion, 66mg arthritis, fever, headaches5, 9, 14, 28, 45, 480. 481 kelp, burdock 60mg, butcher’s broom Major: Lower back pain . 60mg, 40mg guarana seed extract (1:4), 9, 28, 45 Minor: Gout . 20mg rose hip, 20mg blessed thistle, 10mg buchu, 10mg cough grass, 10mg Cautions: Pregnancy, children, gastric hydrangea, 10mg uva ursi, 10mg juniper or duodenal ulcers, hemophilia, berry, 66mg apple cider vinegar, quercetin asthma, diabetes5, 28. 60mg, potassium 40mg, 32mg lecithin, 20mg dimethylglycine. Contraindications: Salicylate Local Distributor: Galea & Galea 5, 28 hypersensitivity . Hip & Thigh Formula (HealthAid) Tablets; White willow bark 100mg, Side-effects: None known. dandelion root 50mg, kelp 33mg, burdock powder 30mg, butcher’s broom 30mg, Drug interactions: Anticoagulants, guarana (extract 4:1) 20mg, rose hip salicylate drugs, aspirin, NSAIDs5, 28. 10mg, blessed thistle 10mg, buchu 5mg, cough grass 5mg, hydrangea 5mg, uva Dose: Unless otherwise prescribed, ursi 5mg, juniper berry 5mg, apple cider three times daily: dried bark, 1-2 gm vinegar 33mg, quercetin 30mg, lecithin 16mg. or in decoction; liquid extract (1:1, Local Distributor: Galea & Galea 25% ethanol), 1-2 ml; tincture (1:5, 25% ethanol), 5-8 ml; standardised White Willow Bark (HealthAid) dosage forms containing 20-40 mg of Liquid; White willow bark extract 1:3 total salicin45. (equiv. of 330mg of white willow herb) in 1ml. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

WILD LETTUCE Lactuca virosa

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae children9, 45, 482. Medicinal Parts: Leaves. Major: Irritable cough, whooping cough, asthma9, 28, 45, 482. Indications: Minor: Rheumatic pains, Principal: Insomnia, restlessness & atherosclerosis9, 28, 45, 482. nervous excitability, particularly in Others: Urinary tract disorders28, 482.

~ 161 ~ wild oregano

Cautions/contraindications: None depressants482. known. Dose: Unless otherwise prescribed, Side-effects: None known. three times daily: dried leaf, 0.5-4 gm or by infusion; liquid extract (1:1, Drug interactions: CNS 25% ethanol), 0.5-4 ml45.

WILD OREGANO Origanum vulgare

Family: Labiatae Cautions/contraindications: None Medicinal Parts: Leaves. known.

Indications: Side-effects: None known. Principal: Colds and flu, bacterial and viral infections including herpes Drug interactions: None known. simplex virus outbreaks28, 483, 484, 485. Others: Coughs, dyspepsia, painful Dose: Tea: 1 cup several times a day. menstruation, rheumatoid arthritis, Powder: 0.5 to 1 dessertspoon 2 to 3 urinary tract disorders28. times daily with food28.

WILD YAM Dioscorea villosa

Family: Dioscoreaceae Cautions/contraindications: None Medicinal Parts: Root, rhizome. known.

Indications: Side-effects: Nausea, vomiting & Principal: Topical HRT for women5, diarrhoea with large doses5, 19. 14, 19, 28, 486. Major: PMS, dysmenorrhoea, Drug interactions: Indomethacin, postmenopausal vaginal dryness, oestrogen containing drugs28. osteoporosis, to increase energy and libido in men and women5, 28, 487. Dose: Three times daily: dried root, Minor: Acute phase of rheumatoid 2-4 gm or by infusion or decoction; arthritis, rheumatic and arthritic liquid extract (1:1 in 45% alcohol), ailments, biliary and intestinal colic5, 2-4 ml; tincture (1:5 in 45% alcohol), 19, 28, 486. 2-10 ml19. Others: Diverticulitis, cholecystitis, nausea in pregnancy5, 28. Altasterol® Stimulant (Alta Care) see Ginger

~ 162 ~ witch hazel

Silvia® Feminin Formula (Alta Care) see wild yam herb) in 1ml. Hops Tablets; Wild yam extract 83.5mg (equiv. to 500mg of wild yam powder). Wild Yam (HealthAid) Local Distributor: Galea & Galea Liquid; Wild Yam 1:3 (equiv. of 330mg of

WITCH HAZEL Hamamelis virginiana

Family: Hamamelidaceae Altadrine® Day Burner (Alta Care) see Medicinal Parts: Bark, leaf. Grapeseed

Indications: Arnica (Bios Line) see Arnica Principal: Haemorrhoids, wounds & Organic Aloe Vera Gel Infused with burns, localized inflamed swellings of 9, 14, 28, 488 Cucumber, Witch Hazel and Calendula skin & mucous membranes . (dr.organic®) see Aloe Vera Major: Haematemesis, haemoptysis, 9, 28 menstrual complaints . Organic Aloe Vera Gel Infused with 9, 28 Minor: Varicose veins . Organic Tea Tree Oil and Arnica (dr. organic®) see Aloe Vera Cautions: Avoid long term administration as it may lead to Tea Tree & Witch Hazel Cream (Lanes) liver damage9, 28, pregnancy & Cream; Distilled witch hazel BPC breastfeeding14. 40.61%, eucalyptus oil BPC 1.04%, methyl salicylate BP 1.04%, camphor BP 0.52%, tea tree oil BPC 2.50%, zinc oxide Contraindications: None known. BP 3.11%. Local Distributor: Collis Williams Ltd. Side-effects: Contact dermatitis14. Venalta® (Alta Care) see Grapeseed Drug interactions: None known. Venalta® Ampoules (Alta Care) see Dose: Daily dosage: Decoction: Grapeseed 250 ml water with 5-10 gm drug or ® washes or pultrices; 2 to 3 gm to Vitiven ultra cold (Arkopharma) see 150 ml water as a gargle solution. Butcher’s Broom Suppositories: 0.1-1 gm drug 3 times Witch Hazel (Arkopharma) daily. Tea: 1 cup 2-3 times daily Capsules; Witch hazel powder 290mg between meals; liquid extract: 2-4 ml 28 (4.5% polyphenols). 3 times daily . Local Distributor: Pharmacos Ltd.

~ 163 ~ wolfgerry

WOLFBERRY Lycium barbarum

Family: Solanaceae Side-effects: None known. Medicinal Parts: Dried berries, root bark. Drug interactions: Antidiabetic agents, warfarin492, 495. Indications: Principal: Ophthalmic disorders Dose: Daily dose: Drug/tea: 6-12 (treatment or prevention of visual gm or 6-15 gm, depending on the degeneration)28, 489, 490, 491, 492. literature source28. Major: Hypertension, diabetes491, 492, 493, 494. Goji Berry 500mg (Power Health) Minor: Erectile dysfunction, cancer, Capsules; Goji berry powder 125mg inflammation28, 492. equiv. to fresh goji berries 500mg. Local Distributor: Kemimport Ltd. Contraindications: Pregnancy28.

WOOD BETONY Betonica officinalis

Family: Labiatae Others: Cough, bronchitis, asthma28. Medicinal Parts: Basal leaves. Cautions/contraindications: None Indications: known. Principal: Headaches, pain in the facial region496. Side-effects: None known. Major: Nervous stress, emotional tension, premenstrual complaints, Drug interactions: None known. sinusitis headaches & nasal congestion when used in combination Dose: The infusion can be taken daily. with other herbs (including comfrey The total daily dosage of the powder & linden)28, 496. is 1-2 gm, to be taken in 3 separate Minor: Nosebleeds496. doses. The fresh leaves may be boiled and used for wounds and swelling28.

~ 164 ~ wormwood

WORMWOOD Artemisia absinthium

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Side-effects: None at recommended Medicinal Parts: Aerial shoots, dose levels. Depending on the thujone leaves. content, excessive doses can lead to vomiting, severe diarrhoea, dazed Indications: feelings spasms and hallucinations19, Principal: Dyspeptic complaints 28. including flatulence & mild GI spasms, loss of appetite19, 497. Drug interactions: Phenobarbital, Major: Stimulations of weak and iron28. underactive digestions19. Minor: As a tonic with general Dose: Three times daily: dried herb, strengthening effect in debility and 1-2 gm as an infusion; liquid extract convalescence, especially in influenza 1:1 in 25% alcohol, 1-2 ml; tincture and colds; worm infestations19, 28, 498. 1:10 in 70% alcohol, 5-10 ml19. Duration of treatment should not Cautions: Continuous use of exceed 3-4 weeks19. wormwood is not advisable28. Wormwood (HealthAid) Contraindications: History of Capsules; Wormwood freeze dried herb seizures and gastric or duodenal 350mg. ulcers, pregnancy, breastfeeding19, 28. Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

YARROW Achillea millefolium

Family: Asteraceae/Compositae Contraindications: Known Medicinal Parts: Flowerhead. hypersensitivity to yarrow or other Compositae14, 45, pregnancy28, 499. Indications: Principal: Bruises, swelling, strains, Side-effects: Contact dermatitis14, 28. fever, colds9, 14, 28, 45, 499, 500. Major: Essential hypertension501, Drug interactions: None known. amenorrhoea, loss of appetite, dyspeptic complaints9, 14, 28, 45, 500. Dose: Unless otherwise prescribed, Minor: Thrombotic conditions, three times daily: dried herb, 2-4 gm diarrhoea, dysentery9, 500. in infusion; liquid extract (1:1, 25% Others: Liver disease, cancer499. ethanol), 1-2 ml; tincture (1:5, 25% ethanol), 2-4 ml; pressed juice from fresh herb, 3-5 ml45.

~ 165 ~ yellow dock

YELLOW DOCK Rumex crispus

Family: Polygonaceae prolonged use may lead to intestinal Medicinal Parts: Roots. atrophy and hypokalaemia9.

Indications: Drug interactions: None known. Principal: Constipation9. Major: Psoriasis9, acute & chronic Dose: Dried root: 2-4 gm or by inflammation of the nasal passages decoction three times daily; liquid and respiratory tract28. extract (1:1, in 25% ethanol), 2-4 Minor: Obstructive jaundice9. ml three times daily; tincture (1:5, in 45% alcohol), 1-2 ml three times Cautions: Avoid excessive use, daily9. pregnancy, breastfeeding9. 2-Day DetoxPlan (HealthAid) see Milk Contraindications: Existing Thistle intestinal obstruction9. Aquaflow® (HealthAid) see Dandelion

Side-effects TM : Overuse may cause Herbal Booster (HealthAid) see abdominal cramps and diarrhoea, and Guarana

Vegilax® (HealthAid) see Blessed Thistle

YELLOW MELILOT see Sweet Clover

YOHIMBE Pausinystalia yohimbe

Family: Rubiaceae history of gastric or duodenal ulcers, Medicinal Parts: Bark. psychiatric patients, pregnancy, breastfeeding, children under 12 yrs Indications: of age28. Principal: Erectile dysfunction, decreased libido14, 28, 502. Side-effects: GI upset, anxiety, hypertension, headache, agitation, Contraindications: Liver & kidney rash, tachycardia, frequent urination14, disease, chronic inflammation of 28, 502. the sexual organs or prostate gland,

~ 166 ~ yucca

Drug interactions: Tyramine- Dose: Erectile dysfunction: 10 mg containing food, alcohol, three times daily. Erectile impotence: antihypertensive agents, 5.4 mg (1 tablet) three times daily. antidepressants & other centrally- Therapy should not exceed 10 acting drugs14, 28. weeks28.

YUCCA Yucca schidigera

Family: Agavaceae Side-effects: None known. Medicinal Parts: Leaves. Drug interactions: None known. Indications: Principal: Hypertension, Dose: There is no proven safe or hypercholesterolaemia9, 503, 504. effective dose for yucca. Major: Arthritis, joint pain9, 505. Minor: To clean wounds and prevent Yucca Root (HealthAid) infections, to clear up and prevent Liquid; Yucca root extract 1:3 (equiv. of acne (topically)504. 330mg of yucca herb) in 1ml. Tablets; Yucca root extract (4:1) 140mg 9 (equiv. to 560mg of yucca root powder). Cautions: Pregnancy, lactation . Local Distributor: Galea & Galea

~ 167 ~ ~ 168 ~ References

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~ 172 ~ Metugriachuk Y, Minelli E, et al. Effect of research 2007; 51(6): 652-64. phyto-compound on delayed gastric emptying 111. Chan YC, Lee IT, Lee WJ, Lin CW, Sheu in functional dyspepsia: a randomized- WH. Effect of cranberry extracts on lipid controlled study. J Dig Dis 2008; 9(4): 204-7. profiles in subjects with type 2 diabetes. 98. Gakuya DW, Gathumbi PK, Kiama SG, Diabetic medicine 2008; 25(12): 1473-7. Mbaria JM, Nguta JM. Antimalarial 112. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s herbal remedies of Msambweni, Kenya. J herbal medicines interactions. London: Ethnopharmacol 2010; 128(2): 424-32. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 158. 99. Abdulmalik Al-Tayib Y. In vitro hepatic 113. Aguirre-Garcia F, Alarcon-Aguilar FJ, Flores- metabolism of cinchona antimalarials by Saenz, Roman-Ramos R. Investigation on hamster enzymes. J Basic Applied Sci 2009; the hypoglycaemic effects of extracts of 5(1): 17-25. four Mexican medicinal plants in normal 100. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s and Alloxan-diabetic mice. Phytotherapy herbal medicines interactions. London: Research 2002; 16(4): 383-6. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 136-7. 114. Clare BA, Conroy RS, Spelman K. The 101. Almér LO, Björgell O, Darwiche G, diuretic effect in human subjects of an extract Hlebowicz J. Effect of cinnamon on of Taraxacum officinale folium over a single postprandial blood glucose, gastric emptying, day. J Altern Complement Med 2009; 15(8): and satiety in healthy subjects. Am J Clin 929-34. Nutr 2007; 85: 1552-6. 115. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s 102. Said SM, Husein KHA. Hepatoprotective herbal medicines interactions. London: effect of cinnamon extracts against carbon Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 159-60. tetrachloride induced oxidative stress and 116. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s liver injury in rats. Biol Res 2009; 42: 93-8. herbal medicines interactions. London: 103. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 165-6. herbal medicines interactions. London: 117. Brien S, Lewith GT, McGregor G. Devil’s Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 138. claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) as a 104. Elwakeel HA, Farid M, Gohar AA, Moneim treatment for osteoarthritis: a review of HA. Clove oil cream: a new effective efficacy and safety. J Altern Complement treatment for chronic anal fissure. Colorectal Med 2006; 12(10): 981-93. Disease 2006; 9: 549-52. 118. Cole D, Stewart KM. The commercial harvest 105. Koch C, Reichling J, Schnitzler P. of devil’s claw (Harpagophytum spp.) in Susceptibility of drug-resistant clinical herpes southern Africa: the devil’s in the details. J simplex virus type 1 strains to essential oils Ethnopharmacol 2005; 100(3): 225-36. of ginger, thyme, hyssop, and sandalwood. 119. Inaba K, Matsuda H, Murata K, Naruto S. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007; 51(5): Inhibitory effects of devil’s claw (secondary 1859-62. root of Harpagophytum procumbens) extract 106. Ermilova EV, Krasnov EA, Petrova AP, and harpagoside on cytoline production in Saprykina EV, Subbotina YA. Chemical mouse macrophages. Journal of Natural composition of couch grass and studies of Medicines 2010; 64(2): 219-22. its antioxidant activity in allergic contact 120. Lim CED, Luo X, Wong VCK, Wong WSF. dermatitis. Pharm Chem J 2009; 43(1): 30-2. Current alternative and complementary 107. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s therapies used in menopause. Gynecol herbal medicines interactions. London: Endocrinol 2009; 25(3): 166-74. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 152-5. 121. Circosta C, De Pasquale R, Occhiuto F, 108. Guay DRP. Cranberry and urinary tract Palumbo DR, Samperi S. Estrogenic activity infections. Drugs 2009; 69(7): 775-807. of standardized extract of Angelica sinensis. 109. Kasai K, Kouchi T, Masui A, Matsushima Phytotherapy Research 2006; 20(8): 665-9. M, Mine T, Shirai T, et al. Growth inhibitory 122. Baker AC, Rowe DJ. Perioperative risks and action of cranberry on Helicobacter pylori. benefits of herbal supplements in aesthetic J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008; 23(Suppl. 2): surgery. Surg J 2009; 29: 150-7. S175-80. 123. McKee J, Warber SL. Integrative therapies 110. Neto CC. Cranberry and blueberry: evidence for menopause. SMJ 2005; 98(3): 319-26. for protective effects against cancer and 124. Chang ZG, Chien SH, Giles JT, Kennedy vascular diseases. Molecular nutrition & food DT, Palat CT. Evaluation of Echinacea

~ 173 ~ for treatment of the common cold. and evening primrose oil for management of Pharmacotherapy 2000; 20(6): 690-7. cyclical mastalgia: a randomized pilot study. 125. Hughes S, Lourie A, O’Neil J, Zweifler J. Alt Med Rev 2010; 15(1): 59-67. Effects of Echinacea on the frequency of upper 137. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s respiratory tract symptoms: a randomized, herbal medicines interactions. London: double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Annals Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 179-81. of allergy, asthma and immunology 2008; 138. Ahn J, Hwang JH, Kwak HS, Lee S, Lee SJ. 100(4): 384-8. Property changes and cholesterol-lowering 126. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s effects in evening primrose oil-enriched herbal medicines interactions. London: and cholesterol-reduced yogurt. Int J Dairy Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 167-70. Technol 2007; 60(1): 22-30. 127. Anderson LA, Barnes J, Gibbons S, 139. Belch JJF, Muir A. n-6 and n-3 essential Phillipson DJ. Echinacea species (Echinacea fatty acids in rheumatoid arthritis and other angustifolia (DC.) Hell., Echinacea pallida rheumatic conditions. Proceedings of the (Nutt.) Nutt., Echinacea purpurea (L.) nutrition society 1998; 57: 563-9. Moench): a review of their chemistry, 140. Bastida J, Codina C, Faudale M, Poli F, pharmacology and clinical properties. JPP Viladomat F. Antioxidant activity and 2005; 57(8): 929-54. phenolic composition of wild, edible, 128. Adinolfi B, Benvenuti S, Chicca A, Nieri and medicinal fennel from different P, Orlandini G, Pellati F. Cytotoxic activity Mediterranean countries. J. Agric. Food and G1 cell cycle arrest of a dienynone from Chem. 2008; 56(6): 1912-20. Echinacea pallida. Planta Med 2010; 76(5): 141. Bayram I, Dülger H, Tuncer I, Özbek H, 444-6. Öztürk A, Öztürk G et al. Hepatoprotective 129. Amon A, Glatthaar B, Haunschild J, effect of Foeniculum vulgare essential oil. Saalmuller A. Antiviral activity of a Fitoterapia 2003; 74(3): 317-9. composition of Gentiana lutea L., Primula 142. Dastgheib L, Javidnia K, Mohammadi veris L., Sambucus nigra L., Rumex spec. and Samani S, Nasiri A. Antihirsutism activity Verbena officinalis L. (Sinupret®) against of fennel extract: a double-blind placebo viruses causing respiratory infections. Eur J controlled study. [Online]. 2003 [cited Integr Med 2009; 1(4): 258. 2010 Dec 5]. Available from: URL: http:// 130. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3363/is_6- herbal medicines interactions. London: 7_10/ai_n29033218/?tag=content;col1 Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 172-3. 143. Li RC, Wong PYK, Zhu M. Effect of oral 131. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s administration of fennel (Foeniculum herbal medicines interactions. London: vulgare) on ciprofloxacin absorption and Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 174. disposition in the rat. Journal of pharmacy 132. Delmonte P, Rader JI, Trucksess MW. and pharmacology 1999; 51(12): 1391-6. Recent studies on selected botanical dietary 144. Jain S, Prasad GBKS, Tomar R, Yadav H, supplement ingredients. Analytical and Yadav M. Complementary hypoglycaemic bioanalytical chemistry 2007; 389(1): 27-35. and anti-hyperglycemic activity of various 133. Gagné J, Hardy ML, Jungvig L, Maglione M, extracts of fenugreek seeds in rats. Asian J. Mojica WA, Morton SC, et al. Efficacy and Biochem 2008; 3(3): 182-7. safety of ephedra and ephedrine for weight 145. Abdel-Wahab YHA, Akhter M, Ali L, Flatt loss and athletic performance. JAMA 2003; PR, Hannan JMA, Khaleque J, et al. Soluble 289(12): 1537-45. dietary fiber fraction of Trigonella foenum- 134. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s graecum (fenugreek) seed improves glucose herbal medicines interactions. London: homeostasis in animal models of type 1 and Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 175-6. type 2 diabetes by delaying carbohydrate 135. Banerjee S, Gangopadhyay DN, Senapati S. digestion and absorption, and enhancing Evening primrose oil is effective in atopic insulin action. Brit J Nutr 2007; 97: 514-21. dermatitis: a randomized placebo-controlled 146. Reddy RLR, Srinivasan K. Fenugreek seeds trial. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol reduce atherogenic diet-induced cholesterol 2008; 74(5): 447-52. gallstone formation in experimental mice. 136. Bauer BA, Cha SS, Hazelton JH, Pruthi S, Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87: 933-43. Thicke LS, Torkelson CJ, et al. Vitamin E 147. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s

~ 174 ~ herbal medicines interactions. London: new treatment options besides nizatidine. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 182-3. Mod Rheumatol 2009; 19: 100-101. 148. Anuradha CV, Thirunavukkarasu V. 160. Dabrosin C, Jungeström MB, Thompson LU. Gastroprotective effect of fenugreek seeds Flaxseed and its lignans inhibit estradiol- (Trigonella foenum graecum) on experimental induced growth, angiogenesis, and secretion gastric ulcer in rats. Journal of herbs, spices & of vascular endothelial growth factor in medicinal plants 2007; 12(3): 13-25. human breast cancer xenografts in vivo. Clin 149. Mathern JR, Raatz SK, Slavin JL, Thomas Cancer Res 2007; 13(3): 1061-7. W. Effect of fenugreek fiber on satiety, blood 161. WebMD. Gamboge uses, side effects, glucose and insulin response and energy interactions and warnings. [Online]. intake in obese subjects. Phytotherapy 2005-2010 [cited 2010 Dec 5]. Available research 2009; 23(11): 1543-8. from: URL: http://www.webmd.com/ 150. Cardiello V, Carducci C, Catenazzi P, Orchi vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-666- C, Romagnoli C, Sindico P, et al. Safety and GAMBOGE.aspx?activeIngredientId=666& efficacy of galactogogues: substances that activeIngredientName=GAMBOGE&sour induce, maintain and increase breast milk ce=3 production. J Pharm Pharm Sci 2010; 13(2): 162. Dhamodharan G, Karthishwaran K, 162-74. Mirunalini S. A natural wonder drug helps to 151. Anju VS, Sreeja S. In vitro estrogenic prevent cancer: Garlic oil. Not Sci Biol 2010; activities of fenugreek Trigonella foenum 2(1): 14-9. graecum seeds. Indian J Med Res 2010; 131: 163. Adnyana IK, Hasimun P, Ilyas RA, Mardiyah 814-9. D, Permana H, Sigit JI, et al. Clinical 152. Chen CF, Leung AY. Gene response of study of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) human monocytic cells for the detection of and garlic (Allium sativum L.) extracts as antimigraine activity of feverfew extracts. antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 2007; 85: 1108- agent in type-2 diabetes-dyslipidemia 15. patients. Int. J. Pharmacol. 2010; 6(4): 438- 153. Baker EL, Baker WL, Coleman CI, 45. Saranitzky E, White M. Feverfew for 164. El-Sabban F. Garlic as an antithrombotic and migraine prophylaxis: a systematic review. antiplatelet aggregation agent. Journal of Journal of dietary supplements 2009; 6(2): Chinese clinical medicine 2009; 4(5): 288-94. 91-103. 165. Apitz-Castro R, Marques AF, Taborda CP, 154. Ernst E, Pittler MH. The efficacy and safety Thomaz L, Travassos LR. Experimental of feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): an paracoccidioidomycosis: alternative therapy update of a systematic review. Public Health with ajoene, compound from Allium Nutrition 2000; 3: 509-14. sativum, associated with sulfamethoxazole/ 155. Bassett CMC, Pierce GN, Rodriguez-Leyva trimethoprim. Medical Mycology 2008; D. Experimental and clinical research 46(2): 113-8. findings on the cardiovascular benefits of 166. Josling P. Preventing the common cold with consuming flaxseed. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. a garlic supplement: a double-blind, placebo- Metab. 2009; 34: 965-74. controlled survey. Advances in therapy 2001; 156. Balikai S, Berlin JA, Bloedon LT, Chittams 18(4): 189-93. J, Cunnane SC, Rader DJ, et al. Flaxseed and 167. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s cardiovascular risk factors: results from a herbal medicines interactions. London: double blind, randomized, controlled clinical Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 198-203. trial. JACN 2008; 27(1): 65-74. 168. Crowther C, Hothman N, McMillian V, Smith 157. DeFilipis AP, Edwards MJ, Harper CR, C, Willson K. A randomized controlled trial Jacobson TA. Flaxseed oil increases the of ginger to treat nausea and vomiting in plasma concentrations of cardioprotective (n- pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2004; 3) fatty acids in humans. J Nutr 2007; 137: 103(4): 639-45. 84-7. 169. Boone SA, Shields KM. Treating pregnancy- 158. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s related nausea and vomiting with ginger. Ann herbal medicines interactions. London: Pharmacother 2005; 39(10): 1710-13. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 195-6. 170. Aviello G, Borelli F, Capasso R, Izzo A, 159. Kapoor S. Sjogren’s syndrome: promising, Pittler MH. Effectivness and safety of ginger

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~ 181 ~ Ilex paraguariensis. Food Chemistry 2006; induces hyperprolactinemia in intact female 97(3): 459-64. rats. International journal of phytotherapy 307. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s and phytopharmacology 2009; 16(9): 839-44. herbal medicines interactions. London: 319. Boostani H, Malayeri A, Pakseresht S, Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 282. Sayyah M. Comparison of Silybum marianum 308. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s (L.) gaegical study rtn. with fluoxetine in the herbal medicines interactions. London: treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 282. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 309. Itokawa H, Lee KH, Lin AS, Morris-Natschke 2010; 34(2): 362-5. SL, Nakagawa-Goto K, Shibano M, et al. 320. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s Antitumor-promoting effects of seven active herbal medicines interactions. London: flavonolignans from milk thistle (Silybum Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 292-6. marianum) on Epstein-Barr virus activation. 321. Elisabetsky E, Gaieski FS, Lara DR, Nunes Pharmaceutical Biology 2007; 45(10): 735-8. DS, Siqueira IR. Psychopharmacological 310. Abascal K, Greenlee H, Ladas E, Yarnell E. properties of Ptychopetalum olacoides Clinical applications of Silybum marianum in bentham (olacaceae). Pharm Biol 1998; oncology. Integrative cancer therapies 2007; 36(5): 327-34. 6(2): 158-65. 322. Elisabetsky E, Martins BS, Nunes DS, 311. Ross SM. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum): Piato AL, Rizon LP. Antidepressant profile An ancient botanical medicine for modern of Ptychopetalum olacoides bentham times. Holistic nursing practice 2008; 22(5): (marapuama) in mice. Phytotherapy research 299-300. 2009; 23(4): 519-24. 312. Mahmoud H, Mnaa S, Shaker E. Silymarin, 323. Reintree Nutrition. Database file for: Muira the antioxidant component and Silybum Puama (Ptychopetalum olacoides). [Online] marianum extracts prevent liver damage. 1996 [cited 2010 Oct 4]. Available from: Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48(3): 803-6. URL: http://www.rain-tree.com/muirapuama. 313. Ball KR, Kowdley KV. A review of Silybum htm marianum (milk thistle) as a treatment of 324. Anon. Muira Puama (Ptychopetalum alcoholic liver disease. J Clin Gastroenterol olacoides). [Online] 2010 [cited 2010 Dec 12]. 2005; 39(6): 520-28. Available from: URL: http://www.livestrong. 314. Lee SS, Mayer KE, Myers RP. Silymarin com/muira-puama-ptychopetalum-olacoides/ treatment of viral hepatitis: a systematic 325. Klimek B, Olszewska MA, Tokar M. review. J. Viral Hepatitis 2005; 12(6): 559-67. Simultaneous determination of flavonoids 315. Berry DP, Boocock DJ, Brown VA, Cai H, and phenylethanoids in the flowers of Gescher AJ, Hoh CSL, et al. Quantitation of Verbascum densiflorum and V. phlomoides Silibinin, a putative cancer chemopreventive by high-performance liquid chromatography. agent derived from milk thistle (Silybum Phytochemical analysis 2010; 21(2): 150-6. marianum), in human plasma by high- 326. Haffor AA. Effect of Commiphora molmol performance liquid chromatography and on leukocytes proliferation in relation to identification of possible metabolites. J Agric histological alterations before and during Food Chem 2007; 55(7): 2532-5. healing from injury. SJBS 2010; 17(2): 139- 316. Fakhrzadeh H, Heshmat R, Huseini HF, 46. Larijani B, Raza M, Toliat T. The efficacy of 327. Ali J, Ansari S, Kumar P. Herbal remedies for Silybum marianum (L.) Gaetrn. (silymarin) in the treatment of periodontal disease – a patent the treatment of type II diabetes: a randomized, review. Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul 2009; double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical 3(3): 221-8. trial. Phytotherapy research 2006; 20(12): 328. Lemenih M, Teketay D. Frankincense and 1036-9. Myrrh resources of Ethiopia: II. Medicinal 317. El-Gellal, El-Sawaisi, Metwally MAA. and industrial uses. SINET: Ethiopian Journal Effects of silymarin on lipid metabolism in of Science 2003; 26(2): 161-72. rats. World Applied Sciences Journal 2009; 329. Morsy TA, Tonkal AM. An update review on 6(12): 1634-7. Commiphora molmol and related species. J 318. Aviello G, Borelli F, Capasso F, Capasso R, Egypt Soc Parasitol 2008; 38(3): 763-96. Izzo AA, Lembo F, et al. Silymarin BIO-C®, 330. Ballester I, Betlloch I, Mataix J, Silvestre JF, an extract from Silybum marianum fruits, Toledo F, Perez-Crespo M. Contact dermatitis

~ 182 ~ due to nasturtium. Contact Dermatitis 2009; 341. Abood H, Al-Temimi AA, Hussain Al- 60: 229-30. Amiery AA, Wagaa RI. A study of the 331. Albrecht U, Goos KH, Schneider B. A biological activities of Avena sativa extracts. randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Afr J Pure Appl Chem 2010; 4(3): 031-034. trial of a herbal medicinal product containing 342. El SN, Karakaya S. Olive tree (Olea Tropaeoli majoris herba (Nasturtium) and europaea) leaves: potential beneficial effects Armoraciae rusticanae radix (Horesradish) on human health. Nutrition Reviews 2009; for the prophylactic treatment of patients 67(11): 632-8. with chronically recurrent lower urinary tract 343. Nadar A, Ramnanan P, Shode FO, Somova infections. Curr Med Res Opin 2007; 23(10): LI. Antihypertensive, antiatherosclerotic and 2415-22. antioxidant activity of triterpenoids isolated 332. Kleinwachter M, Selmar D, Schnug E. from Olea europaea, subspecies Africana The glucosinolate-myrosinase system in leaves. J Ethnopharmacol 2003; 84(2-3): 299- nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.): variability 305. of biochemical parameters and screening for 344. Lee BY, Lee OH. Antioxidant and clones feasible for pharmaceutical utilization. antimicrobial activities of individual and J Agric Food Chem 2008; 56(23): 11165-70. combined phenolics in Olea europaea leaf 333. Safarinejad MR. Urtica dioica for extract. Bioresource Technol 2010; 101(10): treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: 3751-4. a prospective, randomized, double-blind, 345. Lockwood B, Waterman E. Active placebo-controlled, crossover study. IBIDS components and clinical applications of olive 2005; 5(4): 1-11. oil. Altern Med Rev 2007; 12(4): 331-42. 334. Steenkamp V. Phytomedicines for the 346. Mouli KC, Rao SD, Vijaya T. Phytoresources prostate. Fitoterapia 2003; 74(6): 545-52. as potential therapeutic agents for cancer 335. Alberte RS, Fink RC, McMichael M, treatment and prevention. JGPT 2009; 1(1): Roschek Jr B. Nettle extract (Urtica dioica) 4-18. effects key receptors and enzymes associated 347. Bernstein S, Donsky H. Treatment of mild to with allergic rhinitis. Phytotherapy research moderate psoriasis with Relieva, a Mahonia 2009; 23(7): 920-26. aquifolium extract – a double-blind, placebo- 336. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s controlled study. Am J Ther 2006; 13(2): 121- herbal medicines interactions. London: 6. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 302. 348. Donsky H. Relieva, a Mahonia aquifolium 337. MDidea. Nettle. Stinging nettle, nettle extract for the treatment of adult patients with leaf, nettle root, common stinging nettle? atopic dermatitis. Am J Ther 2007; 14(5): Therapeutics and pharmacology, historical or 442-6. traditional use of nettle. [Online]. 2010 [cited 349. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s 2010 Dec 13]. Available from: URL: http:// herbal medicines interactions. London: www.mdidea.com/products/new/new00917. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 303. html 350. Flora Health. Herb & supplement 338. Andersson KE, Hellstrand P, Lindholm MW, encyclopedia: Oregon grape root. [Online]. Oste R, Svedberg KA. Oats (Avena sativa) 2010 [cited 2010 Dec 13]. Available reduce atherogenesis in LDL-receptor- from: URL: http://www.florahealth.com/ deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212 (1): flora/home/canada/healthinformation/ 93-99. encyclopedias/oregongraperoot.asp 339. Chen J, Gislette T, Huang XF. The role 351. Akah PA, Ezeuchenne NA, Ezeugwu S, Ezike of molecular weight and viscosity of oat AC, Okoli CO. Carica papaya (Paw-Paw) β-glucan in hypercholesterolemic effect. Am unripe fruit may be beneficial in ulcer. J Med J Clin Nutr 2010; 92(6): 1538. Food 2009; 12(6): 1268-73. 340. Cheung IWY, Hsu MNK, Nakayama 352. Indran M, Kuppusamy UR, Mahmood AA. S, Samaranayaka AGP, Li-Chan ECY. Protective effect of Carica papaya L leaf Angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory extract against alcohol induced acute gastric activity of hydrolysates from oat (Avena damage and blood oxidative stress in rats. sativa) proteins by in silico and in vitro West Indian Med J 2008; 57(4): 323-6. analyses. J Agric Food Chem 2009; 57(19): 353. Chota A, Haazele F, Musukwa MN, Phiri 9234-42. KI, Phiri AM, Sikasunge CS. A comparative

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~ 184 ~ 392&activeIngredientName=POMEGRANA Therapeutic constituents and actions of TE Rubus species. Current Medicinal Chemistry 376. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s 2004; 11(11): 1501-12. herbal medicines interactions. London: 387. Chedraui PA, Hidalgo LA, Morocho N, Ross Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 326. S, San Miguel G. The effect of red clover 377. Almaraz MC, Anguera A, Bruckert E, isoflavones on menopausal symptoms, lipids Castro-Cabezas M, Doménech G, Heras M, and vaginal cytology in menopausal women: et al. Soluble fibre (Plantago ovata husk) a randomized, double-blind, placebo- reduces plasma low-density lipoprotein controlled study. Gynecol Endocrinol 2005; (LDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, 21(5): 257-64. oxidised LDL and systolic blood pressure in 388. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s hypercholesterolaemic patients: a randomised herbal medicines interactions. London: trial. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211(2): 630-7. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 332-3. 378. Anguera A, Caslake M, Girona J, Godàs G, 389. Coon JT, Ernst E, Pittler MH. Trifolium Martín-Luján F, Masana L, et al. Effects of pratense isoflavones in the treatment of soluble fibre (Plantago ovata husk) on plasma menopausal hot flushes: a systematic review lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine 2007; men with ischemic heart disease. Am J Clin 14(2-3): 153-9. Nutr 2007; 85(4): 1157-63. 390. Brandli A, Simpson JS, Ventura S. Isoflavones 379. Anguera A, Galisteo M, Morón R, Rivera isolated from red clover (Trifolium pratense) L, Romero R, Zarzuelo A. Plantago ovata inhibit smooth muscle contraction of the husks-supplemented diet ameliorates isolated rat prostate gland. Phytomedicine metabolic alterations in obese Zucker rats 2010; 17(11): 895-901. through activation of AMP-activated protein 391. Ernst E, Hung SK, Perry R. The effectiveness kinase. Comparative study with other dietary and efficacy of Rhodiola rosea L.: A fibers. Clinical Nutrition 2010; 29(2) 261-7. systematic review of randomized clinical 380. Abdel-Wahab YHA, Akhter M, Ali L, Flatt trial. Phytomedicine 2010; 18(4): 235-44. PR, Hannan JMA, Khaleque J. Aqueous 392. Olsson EMG, Panossian AG, Schéele B. extracts of husks of Plantago ovata reduce A randomised, double-blind, placebo- hyperglycaemia in type 1 and type 2 diabetes controlled, parallel-group study of the by inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption. standardised extract SHR-5 of the roots of Br J Nutr 2006; 96: 131-7. Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects 381. Cabré E. Clinical nutrition university: with stress-related fatigue. Planta Med 2009; nutrition in the prevention and management 75(2): 105-12. of irritable bowel syndrome, constipation 393. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s and diverticulosis. E Spen Eur E J Clin Nutr herbal medicines interactions. London: Metab 2011; 6(2): e85-e95. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 338-9. 382. Bellma Menéndez A, Carrillo Domínguez 394. Mattioli L, Perfumi M. Adaptogenic and C, Menéndez Castillo R, Tillán Capó central nervous system effects of single doses JI. Antagonist α-adrenergic activity of of 3% rosavin and 1% salidroside Rhodiola microencapsulated Cucurbita pepo L. rosea L. extract in mice. Phytotherapy (pumpkin) seed oil. Revista Cubana de Research 2007; 21(1): 37-43. Plantas Medicinales 2009; 14(3): 37-44. 395. Bravo J, Carrupt PA, Hostettmann K, Marston 383. Abdel-Rahman MK. Effect of pumkin A, Reist M, Van Diermen D. Monoamine seed (Cucurbita pepo L.) diets on benign oxidase inhibition by Rhodiola rosea L. roots. prostatic hyperplasia (BPH): chemical and J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 22(2): 397-401. morphometric evaluation in rats. World 396. Huang YT, Lin YL, Wu CF. Phenols from Journal of Chemistry 2006; 1(1): 33-40. the roots of Rheum palmatum attenuate 384. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s chemotaxis in rat hepatic stellate cells. Planta herbal medicines interactions. London: Med 2008; 74(10): 1246-52. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 327. 397. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic 385. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s Gardens, Kew. Plants & Fungi Oryza sativa herbal medicines interactions. London: (rice). [Online]. 2010. [cited 2011 July 4]. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 330. Available from: URL: http://www.kew.org/ 386. Dacke CG, Patel AV, Rojas-Vera J. plants-fungi/Oryza-sativa.htm

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~ 189 ~ Wong D, Yang D, et al. Lycium barbarum 498. Ahmad F, Chishti MZ, Shawl AS, Tariq KA. polysaccharides reduce neuronal damage, Antihelmintic activity of extracts of Artemisia blood-retinal barrier disruption and oxidative abstinthium against ovine nematodes. stress in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Veterinary parasitology 2009; 160(1-2): 83-8. PLoS ONE 2011; 6(1): e16380. 499. Applequist WL, Moerman DE. Yarrow 491. Chang RCC, So KF. Use of anti-aging herbal (Achillea millefolium L.): a neglected medicine, Lycium barbarum, against aging- panacea? A review of ethnobotany, bioactivity, associated diseases. What do we know so far? and biomedical research. Economic Botany Cell Mol Neurobiol 2008; 28: 643-52. 2011; 65(2): 209-25. 492. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s 500. Baxter K, Driver S, Williamson E. Stockley’s herbal medicines interactions. London: herbal medicines interactions. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 277-8. Pharmaceutical Press; 2009. p. 401. 493. Li J, Li QW, Zhang T, Zhao R. Protective 501. Crestani S, Gasparotto Jr. A, Kassuya CAL, effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide 4 Marques MCA, Silva-Santos JE, Souza P, et on kidneys in streptozotocin-induced diabetic al. Hypotensive mechanism of the extracts and rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 87(9): artmentin isolated from Achillea millefolium 711-9. L. (Asteraceae) in rats. Phytomedicine 2011; 494. Cai Y, Corke H, Luo Q, Sun M, Yan J. 18(10): 819-25. Hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects 502. Barrueto F, Myers A. Refractory priapism and antioxidant activity of fruit extract from associated with ingestion of yohimbe extract. Lycium barbarum. Life Sciences 2004; 76(2): J Med Toxicol 2009; 5(4): 223-5. 137-49. 503. Avci G, Bülbül A, Eryavuz A, Fidan AF, 495. Chan TYK, Hui ACF, Hung A, Leung H. Küçükkurt İ, Öztaşan N. Effect of Yucca Warfarin overdose due to the possible effects schidigera extract on blood pressure, of Lycium barbarum L. Food Chem Toxicol antioxidant activity and some blood 2008; 46(5): 1860-2. pressure parameters in the L-name-induced 496. Herbs2000. Wood betony. [Online]. 2011. hypertensive rate. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg [cited 2011 July 22]. Available from: URL: 2008; 55: 149-53. http://www.herbs2000.com/herbs/herbs_ 504. wiseGEEK. What is Yucca schidigera? betony.htm [Online]. 2011 [cited 2011 July 26]. Available 497. Nibret E, Wink M. Volatile components of from: URL: http://www.wisegeek.com/what- four Ethiopian Artemisia species extracts and is-yucca-schidigera.htm their in vitro antitrypanosomal and cytotoxic 505. Cheeke PR, Oleszek W, Piacente S. Anti- activities. Phytomedicine 2010; 17(5): 369- inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of 74. Yucca schidigera: a review. Journal of inflammation 2006; 3: 6.

~ 190 ~ Indications Index

Indications Common Name Indications Common Name Abdominal bloating Clove Starflower Abdominal pain Rhubarb Allergies Devil’s Claw Ephedra Abortifacient Peony Feverfew Abrasions Marshmallow Pau D’Arco Abscesses Marshmallow Alopecia Lavender Slippery Elm Rosemary Aches California Poppy Altitude sickness Rhodiola Acne Agnus Castus Alzheimer’s disease Brahmi Burdock Lemon Balm Clove Echinacea Amenorrhoea Fennel Lavender Marigold Myrrh Myrrh Saffron Parsley Tea Tree Pineapple Saffron Yarrow Acne prevention Yucca Anaemia Baobab Rhodiola Acute ischaemic stroke Ginkgo Anal fissures Buckthorn Acute viral hepatitis Milk Thistle Clove Psyllium Addison’s disease Licorice Androgenetic alopecia Saw Palmetto ADHD Evening Primrose Starflower Angina pectoris Arnica Hawthorn Adjuvant in slimming Maté Anorexia Angelica Adrenocorticoid Licorice Bitter Orange insufficiency Blessed Thistle Centaury Age related learning Horny Goat Weed Cranberry & memory impairment Fennel Aging skin Grapeseed Gentian Ginger Alcoholic liver disease Milk Thistle Guar Gum Alcohol-induced Artichoke Anxiety Brahmi hangovers Chamomile, German Damiana Alcoholism Cayenne Gotu Kola Allergic rhinitis Nettle Griffonia (5-HTP)

~ 191 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Hawthorn As an eyewash Rose Hip Hops Lavender Asthma Alfalfa Lemon Balm Bamboo Linden Boswellia Maca Brahmi Oats Cat’s Claw Passionflower Dong Quai St. John’s Wort Ephedra Valerian Eucalyptus Evening Primrose Appetite stimulant Juniper Feverfew Ginkgo Appetite suppression Fennel Grindelia Hoodia Green Coffee Arrhythmias Dong Quai Horny Goat Weed Hawthorn Hyssop Safflower Magnolia Mullein Arteriosclerosis Bladderwrack Olive Garlic Pomegranate Olive Prickly Ash Sage Artery & heart spasm Griffonia (5-HTP) Schisandra Artery hardening Buckwheat Sundew Wild Lettuce Arthralgia Horny Goat Weed Wood Betony Arthritic pain Comfrey Atherogenesis Acerola Arthritis Alfalfa Atherosclerosis Garlic Angelica Green Tea Bamboo Hawthorn Barberry Pomegranate Bilberry Safflower Cat’s Claw Wild Lettuce Celery Feverfew Atherosclerosis Cayenne Garlic prophylaxis Horse Chestnut Athlete’s foot Goldenseal Juniper Tea Tree Kelp Thyme Licorice Nettle Atopic eczema Evening Primrose Pau D’Arco Rose Hip Bacterial infections Olive Yucca Sorrel Wild Oregano As a contraceptive Cat’s Claw Bacterial skin ailments Chamomile, German As an abortifacient Horseradish

~ 192 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Bed sores Marigold Boils Marshmallow Myrrh Rice Slippery Elm Bee stings Marigold Bone healing Comfrey Benign prostatic Nettle hyperplasia BPH Red Clover Benign urinary tract Juniper BPH stages I and II Pygeum disorders Breast & stomach Rice Benzodiazepine Valerian cancer withdrawal Breast cancer Rosemary Biliary and Wild Yam intestinal colic Breast lumps Cleavers Biliary complaints Rose Hip Breast, colon, Flaxseed prostate cancer Bilious vomiting Tamarind Breast-milk stimulation Caraway Bladder disease Buchu California Poppy Brittle fingernails Horsetail Mallow Bronchial asthma Iceland Moss Meadowsweet Bronchial catarrh Elecampane Bladder & kidney Hydrangea stones Bronchial inflammation Shiitake Mushroom Bladder & prostate Pau D’Arco Bronchial phlegm Chickweed infections Bronchitis Angelica Bladder catarrh Cleavers Aniseed Bitter Orange Bladder weakness Oats Black Cohosh Bleeding Bilberry Boneset Brahmi Bleeding of mucous Cranesbill Caraway membranes Chickweed Clove Blepharitis Eyebright Cranesbill Fennel Dong Quai Goldenseal Elecampane Bloating Rosemary Ephedra Sage Fennel Flaxseed Bloating & flatulence Horehound Garlic Lavender Grindelia Horehound Blood diseases Chickweed Horseradish Cranberry Hyssop Blood purifying Burdock Iceland Moss Ivy Leaf Body lice Angelica Juniper

~ 193 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Lemongrass Cinnamon Linden Cranberry Luffa Grapeseed Mallow Karela Marshmallow Kelp Meadowsweet Milk Thistle Mullein Passionflower Nasturtium Pau D’Arco Oregon Grape Saffron Papaya Sage Red Clover Starflower Safflower Wolfberry Saffron Yarrow Scotch Pine Slippery Elm Cancer prevention Ginkgo Sundew Ginseng Korean Thyme Gotu Kola Wood Betony Green Tea Olive Bruises Arnica Shiitake Mushroom Comfrey Turmeric Horse Chestnut Marigold Candida & yeast Pau D’Arco Mullein infections Pineapple Candidosis Pomegranate Sweet Clover Yarrow Canker sores Goldenseal Burns Echinacea Capillary resistance Grapeseed Eucalyptus Carbuncles Burdock Flaxseed Roselle Gotu Kola Horsetail Cardiac insufficiency Arnica Ivy Leaf Lavender Cardiovascular disease Brahmi Mullein Dong Quai Olive Safflower Pineapple Starflower Rhubarb Turmeric St. John’s Wort Cataract worsening Bilberry Slippery Elm Sweet Clover Catarrh of the Fennel Witch Hazel respiratory tract Linden Cachexia Iceland Moss Cervicitis Tea Tree Calluses Ivy Leaf Chemoprevention Milk Thistle Cancer Burdock Chemotherapy Ginger Cat’s Claw induced nausea Cinchona

~ 194 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Chemotherapy induced Chamomile, German Roselle oral mucositis Shiitake Mushroom Wild Oregano Chemotherapy-related Guarana Yarrow fatigue Colic Catnip Chilblains Arnica Clove Horsetail Prickly Ash Chills Rose Hip Rose Hip Saffron Cholecystitis Oregon Grape Wild Yam Colic & teething Chamomile, German in children Cholera Saffron Collagenous colitis Boswellia Chronic anterior uveitis Turmeric Colon cancer Celery Chronic CHF Goldenseal prophylaxis Chronic constipation Psyllium Colon diseases Nettle Rice Chronic cough Ivy Leaf Colorectal cancer Garlic Chronic fatigue Bilberry Psyllium syndrome Evening Primrose Licorice Common cold Acerola Cinnamon Chronic headache Griffonia (5-HTP) Elder Chronic nasal catarrh Hyssop Hyssop Scotch Pine Chronic nephritis Safflower Common cold Garlic Chronic otitis media Mullein prevention Chronic stress Licorice Complaints arising Sweet Clover Chronic venous Buckwheat from chronic venous insufficiency Butcher’s Broom insufficiency Cognitive function Brahmi Congestive diseases of Scotch Pine improvement upper & lower respiratory tract Cold sores Tea Tree Conjunctivitis Eyebright Colds Catnip Fennel Clove Goldenseal Colt’s Foot Marigold Ephedra Roselle Feverfew Ginger Connective tissue Hawthorn Goldenseal disorders Lemongrass Constipation Aloe Vera Meadowsweet Buckthorn Pau D’Arco Cascara sagrada Rose Hip

~ 195 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Damiana Wood Beton Dong Quai Flaxseed Coughs & colds Mullein Gamboge Coughing fits Sundew Guar Gum Cramps Peony Pau D’Arco Pineapple Crohn’s disease Slippery Elm Rhubarb Crural ulcer Marigold Safflower Senna Cutaneous capillary Sweet Clover Tamarind fragility Tragacanth Yellow Dock Cuts Marigold Contact dermatitis Rosemary Cystitis Buchu Cleavers Convalescence Barley Hydrangea Wormwood Juniper Parsley COPD Pomegranate Plantain Corns & calluses Garlic Slippery Elm Tea Tree Coronary artery Bilberry Uva-Ursi relaxation Dandruff Birch Leaf Coronary heart disease Flaxseed Nettle Tea Tree Cough Bamboo Celery Daytime sleepiness Peppermint Clove Dead sperm excess Safflower Comfrey disease Elecampane Eyebright Debility Wormwood Fennel Feverfew Decreased epididymal Maca Flaxseed sperm count Grindelia Decreased libido Damiana Hyssop Ephedra Linden Horny Goat Weed Luffa Passionflower Magnolia Saw Palmetto Mallow Yohimbe Meadowsweet Nasturtium Decreased resistance Schisandra Papaya to physical and Passionflower emotional stress Prickly Ash Red Clover Decreases libido Peppermint Schisandra Defecation with anal Cascara sagrada Scotch Pine fissures/haemorrhoids Wild Oregano

~ 196 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Degenerative conditions Ginseng Korean Raspberry associated with aging Rice Starflower Dementia Ginkgo Wolfberry Sage

Dental caries Green Tea Diabetic complaints Licorice Dental plaque Cranberry prevention Depression Black Cohosh Diabetic Gotu Kola California Poppy microangiopathy Damiana Griffonia (5-HTP) Diabetic retinopathy Bilberry Kola Nut Grapeseed Maca Diagnostic preparation Maté of the GIT Cascara sagrada Milk Thistle Muira-Puama Diarrhoea Baobab Rhodiola Barberry Saffron Barley Siberian Ginseng Bilberry St. John’s Wort Cardamom Starflower Cat’s Claw Colt’s Foot Dermatitis Bilberry Cranesbill Licorice Green Coffee Pau D’Arco Green Tea St. John’s Wort Horehound Diabetes Alfalfa Horse Chestnut Bilberry Kola Nut Chicory Magnolia Cranberry Muira-Puama Dandelion Nettle Evening Primrose Oregon Grape Garlic Passionflower Green Tea Plantain Guar Gum Pomegranate Gymnema Prickly Ash Juniper Raspberry Karela Rhubarb Kelp Rice Maca Schisandra Milk Thistle Thyme Oats Yarrow Olive Diarrhoea in children Cinnamon Papaya Pau D’Arco Difficulty in Nettle Plantain passing urine Psyllium Digestive complaints Goldenseal

~ 197 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Guarana Pineapple Iceland Moss Raspberry Pineapple Safflower Valerian Digestive disorders Bladderwrack Wild Oregano Cayenne Wild Yam Cinnamon Cranberry Dyspepsia Blessed Thistle Fenugreek Cayenne Gamboge Centaury Marshmallow Chamomile, German Chicory Digestive, respiratory Echinacea Gentian & UTIs Green Tea Lavender Diseases involving Shiitake Mushroom Licorice immunosuppression Parsley Diseases of the skin & Peony Peppermint mucous membranes Plantain Pomegranate Dislocations Arnica Rosemary Sage Diverticulitis Flaxseed Slippery Elm Wild Yam Thyme Dry cough Iceland Moss Turmeric Marshmallow Wild Oregano Sundew Dyspeptic complaints Angelica Dry or inflamed skin Evening Primrose Aniseed Boldo Dry skin Barberry Caraway Dysentery Boswellia Cardamom Nettle Cinchona Pomegranate Dandelion Saffron Devil’s Claw Yarrow Fennel Ginger Dysmenorrhoea Bilberry Guar Gum Black Cohosh Juniper Caraway Milk Thistle Cranesbill Neem Fennel Raspberry Ginger Wormwood Goldenseal Yarrow Guarana Horehound Dyspnoea Schisandra Marigold Dysuria Buchu Myrrh Cleavers Parsley Grapeseed Passionflower Parsley

~ 198 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Uva-Ursi Essential hypertension Yarrow Eczema Chickweed Excitability Peony Dandelion Echinacea Exhaustion Celery Gotu Kola Oats Lavender Eye fatigue syndrome Eyebright Marigold Nettle Eye inflammation Chickweed Olive Eye strain Eyebright Oregon Grape Grapeseed Red Clover Rosemary Fatigue Ginseng Korean Sarsaparilla Green Coffee Scotch Pine Green Tea Starflower Peppermint Emetic Peony Rhodiola Siberian Ginseng Emmenagogue in Karela reproductive health Febrile conditions Pineapple Emotional tension Wood Betony Rose Hip Energy/stamina Guarana Febrile diseases Boneset Enhance athletic Guarana Feeling of heaviness Horse Chestnut performance Festering wounds Green Coffee Enlarged prostate Horse Chestnut Fever & colds Blessed Thistle Hydrangea Linden Enteritis Flaxseed Fibromyalgia Griffonia (5-HTP) Peppermint Valerian Enuresis Horsetail Fissures Marshmallow Enuresis in children Thyme Peony Environmental allergies Shiitake Mushroom Flatulence Blessed Thistle Cinchona Epilepsy Brahmi Clove Cardamom Gentian Gotu Kola Magnolia Griffonia (5-HTP) Olive Peony Parsley Epistaxis Marigold Peppermint Prickly Ash Erectile dysfunction Ginseng Korean Rosemary Velvet Bean Sage Wolfberry Sweet Clover Yohimbe Wormwood Erythema of the skin Burdock Flu Cinchona Pau D’Arco

~ 199 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Shiitake Mushroom Gastric ulcers Brahmi Wild Oregano Cat’s Claw Yarrow Fenugreek Sundew Fluid retention Celery Tamarind Grapeseed Gastritis Barley For evacuation Senna Cat’s Claw of the bowel Comfrey For recovery Rice Flaxseed from GI disorders Iceland Moss Oregon Grape Frostbite Cayenne Peppermint Marigold Safflower Slippery Elm Fullness & distension Magnolia Thyme of the abdomen Gastroenteritis Magnolia Fullness & pressure Magnolia Mallow in chest area Rhubarb Gastrointestinal Marigold Functional Eyebright inflammatory disorders eye disorders Fungal infections Shiitake Mushroom Gastroprotection Ginseng Korean Thyme during heart surgery Wild Oregano Generalised seizures Passionflower Furunculosis Arnica Generalized anxiety Ginkgo Gall bladder disorders Barberry disorders Horseradish Genital herpes Aloe Vera Gall bladder Olive Gestational diabetes Cinnamon inflammation GI ailments Garlic Gall stones Rose Hip (flatulence, GI spasms) Gall stones prophylaxis Artichoke GI atony Gentian Gallbladder & Chicory GI complaints Karela liver complaints Lemon Balm Gastric & duodenal Iceland Moss Oats ulcers Marigold Papaya Plantain Gastric complaints Bitter Orange Rhodiola Gastric disorders Cinchona GI disorders Burdock Gastric juice Rose Hip Centaury deficiencies Evening Primrose Lemongrass Gastric reflux Slippery Elm Meadowsweet Pau D’Arco

~ 200 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

St. John’s Wort H. Pylori infection Cinnamon Garlic GI spasms Wormwood H. Pylori prevention Cranberry GI ulcers Comfrey Olive Haematemesis Witch Hazel Gingivitis Chamomile, German Haematuria Plantain Green Tea Marigold Haemoptysis Witch Hazel Myrrh Haemorrhoids Bilberry Sage Buckthorn Tea Tree Butcher’s Broom Glaucoma Ginkgo Chamomile, German Chickweed Glossitis Sage Cranesbill Goldenseal Glucosuria Guar Gum Grapeseed Goiter Kelp Horse Chestnut Marigold Gonorrhoea Grapeseed Milk Thistle Mullein Gout Barberry Myrrh Bilberry Papaya Birch Leaf Passionflower Bitter Orange Plantain Buchu Pomegranate Burdock Psyllium Celery Rhubarb Chickweed Sweet Clover Couch Grass Tamarind Cranberry Witch Hazel Ivy Leaf Juniper Hair loss Birch Leaf Magnolia Horsetail Meadowsweet Nasturtium Oats Olive Hayfever Ephedra Peony Head lice Tea Tree Plantain Rose Hip Headache Clove Slippery Elm Elecampane White Willow Grapeseed Green Tea Gum disease Comfrey Guarana Gum infections Cranesbill Hops Karela Gynaecological Catnip Maté disorders Peppermint Rosemary Saffron

~ 201 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

White Willow Maca Wood Betony Milk Thistle Myrrh Heart disease Shiitake Mushroom Olive Heartburn Rice Pomegranate Safflower Helminthic infections Celery Yucca Hepatitis Green Coffee Hyperglycaemia Caraway Shiitake Mushroom Ginseng Korean Hepatitis C infection Milk Thistle Hyperlipidaemia Fenugreek Grapeseed Hepatobiliary Boldo Hawthorn dysfunction Myrrh Hepatocyte repair Milk Thistle Oats Psyllium Hepatoprotection Schisandra Shiitake Mushroom Herpes simple Clove Turmeric infection Hawthorn Hyperlipoproteinaemia Guar Gum St. John’s Wort Wild Oregano Hypertension Buckwheat Cardamom Herpes simplex type I Lemon Balm Dong Quai Herpes zoster Roselle Evening Primrose Garlic Hiccups Peppermint Hawthorn Horehound HIV infection Aloe Vera Linden Karela Oats Olive Hoarseness Cayenne Plantain Eyebright Pomegranate Hyssop Roselle Iceland Moss Safflower Hot flushes Agnus Castus Shiitake Mushroom Starflower HRT Wild Yam Turmeric Wolfberry Hypercholesterolaemia Alfalfa Yucca Artichoke Celery Hypertriglyceridaemia Celery Evening Primrose Gymnema Fenugreek Myrrh Flaxseed Garlic Hypotension Prickly Ash Goldenseal Rosemary Green Tea Hypothyroidism Brahmi Gymnema Kelp Horehound Karela

~ 202 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Hysteria Celery Infectious diseases Linden Linden Shiitake Mushroom IBD Aloe Vera Inflamed joints Slippery Elm Artichoke Barley Inflamed mucosa Mullein Boswellia Inflamed mucous Witch Hazel Brahmi membranes Green Tea Iceland Moss Inflamed skin conditions Slippery Elm Peppermint Inflammation Arnica Psyllium Devil’s Claw Slippery Elm Kola Nut Turmeric Pineapple Ichthyosis Burdock Prickly Ash Starflower Idiopathic hirsutism Fennel Sweet Clover Impaired night vision Bilberry Wolfberry Impotence Pygeum Inflammation Papaya Rhodiola & ulcers in Saw Palmetto gastro-duodenal area Siberian Ginseng Inflammation of mouth Bilberry Velvet Bean & pharynx Clove Increasing arousal Green Coffee Colt’s Foot & vigilance Green Coffee Horehound Indigestion Aniseed Iceland Moss Barberry Mallow Hops Marshmallow Rice Myrrh Saffron Plantain Sweet Clover Thyme

Infantile colic Caraway Inflammation of the Sorrel nasal passages Yellow Dock Infantile seborrheic Starflower & respiratory tract dermatosis Inflammation of the Sarsaparilla Infected & poorly Nasturtium urinary organs healing wounds Inflammation of the Corn Silk Infected throat Cayenne urinary tract Infection/cold Luffa Inflammatory & Neem prevention febrile diseases Infections Rhodiola Inflammatory Echinacea Schisandra & purulent conditions

~ 203 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Inflammatory skin Marigold Intestinal catarrhs Hyssop lesions Intestinal colic Parsley Inflammed skin Witch Hazel swellings Intestinal parasites Papaya Pomegranate Influenza Boneset Pumpkin Cinnamon Slippery Elm Colt’s Foot Raspberry Intestinal worms Chicory Rose Hip Irritability Schisandra Inhibition of Safflower Irritable bladder Pumpkin thrombus formation prevention Insect bites Feverfew Irritable colon Flaxseed Lavender Thyme Irritable cough Wild Lettuce Insect repellant Celery Itching & swelling Butcher’s Broom Eucalyptus Horse Chestnut Lemongrass Jaundice Barberry Rosemary Chicory Insect stings Marshmallow Horehound Thyme Milk Thistle Saffron Insomnia Bitter Orange Turmeric California Poppy Chamomile, German Joint & tissue Horseradish Griffonia (5-HTP) inflammation Lavender Joint pain Yucca Lemon Balm Oats Joint stiffness Chickweed Passionflower Saffron Kidney & bladder Hawthorn Schisandra stones Horsetail St. John’s Wort Kidney Bean Valerian Nettle Wild Lettuce Kidney ailments Dong Quai Insufficient bile Dandelion Meadowsweet production Oats Kidney stones Barberry Insulin sensitivity/ Flaxseed Olive metabolic syndrome Pumpkin Intermittent Prickly Ash Rose Hip caludication Kidney, bladder, Devil’s Claw Intermittent fever Plantain gall bladder disorders Internal bleeding Nettle Kidney, bladder, Alfalfa prostate disorders

~ 204 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Labour aid Feverfew Blessed Thistle Caraway Lack of alertness Guarana Cardamom Lack of appetite Sage Cayenne Celery Lack of concentration Lavender Centaury Chicory Lack of stamina Kola Nut Cinchona Siberian Ginseng Cinnamon Laryngitis Caraway Dandelion Devil’s Claw Learning & Maca Fenugreek memory impairment Gentian Leg cramps Butcher’s Broom Horehound Iceland Moss Leg ulcers Echinacea Milk Thistle Hops Muira-Puama Linden Roselle Siberian Ginseng Leishmaniasis Barberry Wormwood Leprosy Gotu Kola Yarrow Pomegranate Loss of voice Lavender Leucopenia Echinacea Low back pain Devil’s Claw Leukaemia Pau D’Arco Low mental & Rhodiola Libido Oats physical performance Lice Aniseed Low mood Peppermint Thyme Rhodiola St. John’s Wort Lithuria Uva-Ursi Lower back pain White Willow Liver & gall Artichoke bladder conditions Dandelion Lower urinary Rose Hip Oregon Grape tract disorders Tamarind Lumbago Barberry Liver and biliary Angelica Cayenne duct conditions Lemongrass Liver damage Schisandra Lung cancer prevention Aloe Vera Liver disease California Poppy Lymphadenoid goiter Bladderwrack Rhubarb Macular degeneration Bilberry Yarrow Ginkgo Liver malfunction Barberry Malaria Baobab Loss of appetite Angelica Barberry Artichoke Cinchona Bitter Orange Male bladness Pygeum

~ 205 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Male infertility Saw Palmetto Micturition disorders Pumpkin in early stages of BPH Saw Palmetto Male sexual dysfunction Maca Migraine Catnip Male sterility Safflower Dong Quai Malignant breast cancer Pomegranate Ginger Green Coffee Mastalgia Evening Primrose Green Tea Red Clover Griffonia (5-HTP) Kola Nut Mastitis Ginger Lavender Mastopathy Agnus Castus Linden Peony Measles Saffron Migraine prophylaxis Feverfew Memory enhancement Gotu Kola Muira-Puama Mild septicaemia Echinacea Memory loss Ginkgo Minor burns & scalds Marigold Menopausal symptoms Black Cohosh Minor cuts & bruises Lavender Dong Quai Minor illness Chamomile, German Evening Primrose (e.g. cough, fever, headache) Fenugreek Ginseng Korean Mood swings California Poppy Hops Licorice Morning sickness Cardamom Myrrh Motion sickness Ginger Red Clover Sage Mouth freshener Cardamom Starflower Mouth ulcers Cranesbill Menorrhagia Cranesbill Myrrh Goldenseal Peppermint MRSA infection Tea Tree Saffron Multiple sclerosis Evening Primrose Menstrual complaints Angelica Muscle cramps Cinchona Dong Quai Elecampane Muscle pain Cayenne Feverfew Cinchona Nasturtium Garlic Witch Hazel Nasturtium Scotch Pine Menstrual cramps Cat’s Claw & irregularities Peony Muscular rheumatism Black Cohosh Menstrual pains Garlic Myalgia Parsley Horse Chestnut Peppermint Juniper Rosemary St. John’s Wort Mental & physical Maté fatigue Myocarditis Arnica

~ 206 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Nasal catarrh Boneset Neurasthenia California Poppy Chamomile, German Oats Luffa Peony Nasal congestion Ephedra Neurodegenerative Gotu Kola Horseradish disorders Hyssop Wood Betony Neuronal & cognitive Bilberry brain function improvement Nausea Aniseed Clove Neuropathy California Poppy Iceland Moss Neuroprotective effect Rosemary Rice Nicotine abuse Oats Nausea in pregnancy Wild Yam NIDDM Fenugreek Nerve pain Lemon Balm Night blindness Guar Gum Nervous agitation California Poppy Night sweats Schisandra Nervous disorders Catnip Nocturnal cramp Horse Chestnut Nervous dyspepsia Damiana in lower legs Nervous excitability Wild Lettuce Nocturnal enuresis California Poppy Nervous restlessness Passionflower Corn Silk Nervous stress Wood Betony Nosebleeds Wood Betony Nervous system Green Coffee NYHA functional Hawthorn stimulation class II CHF Nervous system California Poppy Obesity Bitter Orange weakness Bladderwrack Griffonia (5-HTP) Nervousness Celery Kelp Hops Magnolia Lemon Balm Tamarind Muira-Puama Obstructive jaundice Yellow Dock Neuralgia Clove Dong Quai OCD St. John’s Wort Garlic Oedema Arnica Green Coffee Gotu Kola Hops Green Coffee Lavender Hops Passionflower Horse Chestnut Peony Horseradish Peppermint Rhubarb Rosemary Sweet Clover Scotch Pine Oily hair Nettle Neuralgic & Lemongrass rheumatic pain Oliguria Maté

~ 207 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Onychomycosis Tea Tree Parkinson’s disease Griffonia (5-HTP) Velvet Bean Ophthalmic disorders Wolfberry Pelvic pain Saw Palmetto Opiate addiction Passionflower Peptic & duodenal Cranesbill Opium & alcohol Green Coffee ulcers intoxication Peptic ulcers Bilberry Opium or morphine Barberry Goldenseal withdrawal Licorice Oral cavity squamous Thyme Slippery Elm cell carcinoma Turmeric Oral submucous fibrosis Turmeric Perineal discomfort Lavender following childbirth Organic neuroses California Poppy Peripheral vascular Angelica Orthostatic hypotension Butcher’s Broom disease Ginkgo Osteoarthritis Boswellia Peripheral venous Grapeseed Ginger insufficiency Olive Turmeric Pertussis Safflower White Willow Pharyngitis Comfrey Osteoporosis Horny Goat Weed Fennel Starflower Myrrh Wild Yam Olive Sage Osteoporosis prevention Red Clover Tamarind Otitis Garlic Phlebitis Arnica Ivy Leaf Oversensitivity to light Eyebright Sweet Clover Pain & swelling Safflower Phlegm Plantain associated with trauma Physical or mental Ginseng Korean Pain & weakness in Siberian Ginseng exhaustion hip and knee joints Platelet aggregation Starflower Pain in facial region Wood Betony PMS Agnus Castus Painful labour Saffron Black Cohosh Painful teething Rhubarb Evening Primrose in children Ginkgo Red Clover Palpitations Schisandra St. John’s Wort Pancrease excretion Papaya Starflower insufficiency Wild Yam Wood Betony Pancreatitis Grapeseed Turmeric Pneumonia Rice

~ 208 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Polycystic ovary disease Licorice Protection against UVA, Maca UVB and UVC Polyneuropathy St. John’s Wort Pruritus Mullein Poor appetite Kola Nut Oats Magnolia Poor circulation Scotch Pine Psoriasis Aloe Vera Burdock Poor digestion Buckthorn Karela Horehound Milk Thistle Sage Olive Poor memory Sage Oregon Grape Pau D’Arco Poorly healing Bilberry Red Clover skin ulcers Saffron Sarsaparilla Poorly healing wounds Marigold Turmeric Post prandial Guar Gum Yellow Dock hyperglycaemia Psychiatric & Griffonia (5-HTP) Post traumatic & Pineapple neurological disorders postoperative swelling Psychological stress Valerian Postmenopausal vaginal Wild Yam Pulled muscles & Comfrey dryness ligaments Postoperative nausea Ginger Pulmonary disease Boswellia Peppermint Pyelitis Uva-Ursi Post-traumatic & Horsetail static oedema Pyrexia Baobab Catnip Pregnancy discomfort Devil’s Claw Cayenne Prevention of altitude Ginkgo Cinchona sickness Elder Feverfew Prevention of sexual Marigold Goldenseal disorders roctitis Muira-Puama Green Coffee Profuse phlegm in lungs Magnolia Guarana Horse Chestnut Prophylaxis of scurvy Acerola Lemongrass Magnolia Prostate cancer Red Clover Meadowsweet preventions Olive Prostatic hyperplasia Maca Prickly Ash Raspberry Prostatitis Buchu Saffron Corn Silk Starflower Horsetail Tamarind Hydrangea White Willow Saw Palmetto Yarrow

~ 209 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Pyrexia & infection Maté Ivy Leaf prophylaxis Parsley Prickly Ash Raised arterial pressure Linden Rose Hip Raynaud’s syndrome Evening Primrose Rosemary Prickly Ash Rheumatic pain Couch Grass Rectal inflammation Flaxseed Maté Meadowsweet Sweet Clover Recto-anal post- Cascara sagrada Wild Lettuce operative treatment Rheumatism Angelica Recurrent ear infections Goldenseal Arnica Reduced fertility Pygeum Barberry Birch Leaf Reduces sun burn Grapeseed Bladderwrack Renal calculi Couch Grass Boldo Buchu Renal gravel Parsley Burdock Cascara sagrada Reperfusion injury Grapeseed Cat’s Claw Respiratory catarrh Aniseed Cayenne Horehound Celery Iceland Moss Chickweed Marshmallow Eucalyptus Mullein Gotu Kola Myrrh Horse Chestnut Ivy Leaf Respiratory conditions Elder Juniper Myrrh Kelp Lemon Balm Respiratory infections Garlic Licorice Licorice Magnolia Pau D’Arco Oats Peppermint Olive Respiratory tract Colt’s Foot Peony diseases Peony Sarsaparilla Scotch Pine Restlessness Chamomile, German Slippery Elm Hops Linden Rheumatoid arthritis Black Cohosh Valerian Boswellia Wild Lettuce Evening Primrose Ginger Retinopathy Ginkgo Horny Goat Weed Rheumatic conditions Dandelion Olive Devil’s Claw Peony Feverfew Safflower Horsetail Sarsaparilla Starflower

~ 210 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Siberian Ginseng Skin & mucous Chamomile, German Wild Oregano membrane inflammation Wild Yam White Willow Skin blemishes Rice Ringworm Boswellia Skin cancer prevention Milk Thistle Goldenseal Skin damage Horehound Roemheld syndrome Cardamom Skin diseases Chickweed Olive Couch Grass Scabies Aniseed Skin disinfection Thyme Grapeseed in minor wounds Thyme Scalding Roselle Skin hyperpigmentation Saffron Scaly skin Oregon Grape Skin infections Turmeric Skin inflammation Comfrey Schistosomiasis Myrrh Roselle Sciatica Garlic Skin problems Baobab Rosemary Safflower Skin rashes Cleavers St. John’s Wort Skin scars Gotu Kola Scurvy Cranberry Sleep disorders Sweet Clover Nasturtium Plantain Sleep disturbances Agnus Castus Hops Sea sickness Cayenne Siberian Ginseng Seasonal affective St. John’s Wort Small wounds & sores Clove disorder Smoking addiction Colt’s Foot Seborrhea of the scalp Burdock St. John’s Wort Sexual dysfunction Damiana Sore throat Black Cohosh Ginkgo Burdock Sexual dysfunction Maca Cayenne in postmenopausal Colt’s Foot women Cranesbill Fennel Sexual performance Pygeum Garlic Shortness of breath Elder Hyssop Ginger Iceland Moss Magnolia Mullein Pomegranate Sinusitis Horseradish Saffron Luffa Sores Plantain Sinusitis headaches Wood Betony Rice Sjogren’s syndrome Flaxseed

~ 211 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

Spasmodic complaints Peppermint Stroke & heart disease Cayenne of GIT, gall bladder and bile ducts Stye Eyebright Spasmodic cough Aniseed Substitute for tobacco Magnolia Spasmodic disorders Boldo Sudden deafness Ginkgo Sphincter disorders Pygeum Sun burn Olive Spider veins Bilberry Sunburn protection Green Tea Spinal problems Horse Chestnut Superficial bleeding Sweet Clover Spontaeous perspiration Rice Sweet taste suppression Gymnema Sprains Arnica Swellings Rice Bladderwrack Starflower Comfrey Yarrow Horse Chestnut Swollen & painful joints Pineapple Lemongrass Marigold Syphilis, gonorrhea Pau D’Arco Sweet Clover Tapeworm infestation Pomegranate Stiff neck Lemon Balm Teething in children Catnip Stimulation of Colt’s Foot Tendency to infection Siberian Ginseng metabolism Tenesmus Rhubarb Stomach ache Buchu Thrombosis Evening Primrose Stomach pain Magnolia Thrombotic & Ginseng Korean Stomach ulcers Clove cardiovascular disease Elecampane Thrombotic conditions Yarrow Tamarind Thyroid gland Alfalfa Stomach upset Chamomile, German malfunction Rice Tinea corporis Garlic Stomatitis Raspberry Sage Tinea cruris Garlic Tamarind Tinea pedis Garlic Stones in urinary tract Papaya Tinnitus Black Cohosh Strained muscles Lavender Feverfew Ginkgo Strains Yarrow Tiredness Kola Nut Strep throat Comfrey To achieve softer stools Buckthorn Stress Ginseng Korean Rhodiola To clean wounds Goldenseal Siberian Ginseng Yucca Stroke Turmeric To facilitate parturition Raspberry

~ 212 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name

To improve and Damiana Travel sickness Chamomile, German maintain physical & mental capacity Tuberculosis Chickweed Fenugreek To improve cognitive Lemon Balm Nasturtium function Tuberculosis & Colt’s Foot To increase break Fenugreek swelling of lymph nodes milk production Tumors of eye, liver Tragacanth To increase breast Fennel & throat milk flow Tumours Iceland Moss To increase energy Wild Yam and libido Type 2 diabetes Aloe Vera Buckwheat To increase mental Rosemary Cinnamon concentration Horehound Turmeric To increase testosterone Velvet Bean Ulcers Baobab To promote diuresis Birch Leaf Blessed Thistle To promote sexual Muira-Puama Burdock function Cleavers To regulate Juniper Eucalyptus menstruation Gotu Kola Horehound To soften impacted Olive Marshmallow faeces Pau D’Arco Plantain To soften the skin Mullein Raspberry To stimulate circulation Hyssop Starflower To stimulate growth Velvet Bean Upper respiratory Fenugreek hormone tract catarrh Grindelia Nasturtium To stimulate lactation Aniseed Upper respiratory Cranesbill To stimulate milk Milk Thistle tract infections Echinacea production Eucalyptus Tonsillitis Colt’s Foot Garlic Cranesbill Magnolia Olive Siberian Ginseng Raspberry Starflower Sage Urethritis Buchu Toothache Clove Horsetail Feverfew Hydrangea Prickly Ash Uva-Ursi Rosemary Urinary incontinence Shiitake Mushroom Slippery Elm Urinary retention Cleavers Tracheitis Mullein

~ 213 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name Urinary tract disorders Baobab Venous insufficiency Gotu Kola Barberry circulatory disorders Corn Silk Marshmallow Venous ulcers Horse Chestnut Wild Lettuce Vertigo Feverfew Wild Oregano Ginkgo Urticaria Chickweed Viral diseases Cat’s Claw Dandelion Karela Scotch Pine Viral infections Licorice Uterine spasm Black Cohosh Olive Dong Quai Wild Oregano UTIs Boldo Vitamin C deficiencies Rose Hip Buchu Celery Vitamin deficiencies Raspberry Couch Grass Vomiting Bilberry Cranberry Cardamom Dandelion Grapeseed Elecampane Green Tea Goldenseal Iceland Moss Horseradish Magnolia Horsetail Saffron Kidney Bean Nasturtium Warts Rice Pau D’Arco Sundew Uva-Ursi Water retention Dandelion Vaginitis Garlic Goldenseal Tea Tree Weak & underactive Wormwood digestion Varicose ulcers Lavender Weak ligaments of the Scotch Pine Varicose veins Buckwheat upper ankle joint Butcher’s Broom Comfrey Weather sensitivity California Poppy Horse Chestnut Weeping eyes Eyebright Marigold Witch Hazel Weight gain Ephedra Vascular insufficiency Horse Chestnut Weight loss Green Tea Gymnema Vasomotor cephalgia California Poppy Licorice Vasomotor dysfunction California Poppy Starflower Vegetative-endocrine California Poppy Weight loss aid Guarana syndrome Psyllium Velvet Bean Venous hypertension Gotu Kola Weight maintenance Green Tea Weight management Magnolia

~ 214 ~ Indications Common Name Indications Common Name Whooping cough Clove Wound treatment Cat’s Claw Evening Primrose Garlic Wounds Blessed Thistle Grindelia Chickweed Horehound Colt’s Foot Peony Echinacea Wild Lettuce Eucalyptus Gotu Kola Winter chills Cinnamon Horsetail Ivy Leaf m infestations Elecampane Karela Karela Kola Nut Neem Mullein Prickly Ash Myrrh Velvet Bean Pineapple Wormwood Pomegranate Wound care Cranberry Raspberry Slippery Elm Wound healing Bilberry Witch Hazel Grapeseed Rosemary Wounds & burns Aloe Vera Chamomile, German Wound management Mallow

~ 215 ~ ~c . 38 Bach™ Original Flower Remedies ~ f LOWLR RntE DIE S Dr Edward Bach was a Physician and Homeopa th who sp ent his life searching for the purest methods of healing . Dr Bach d iscovered 38 remedies which he split into seven different groups and can be combined to suit the individual. The flower remedies are made from wild plants, trees and bushes. They work by treating the individual rather -=------=~ than the disease or its symptoms and are a gentle way to manage your emotions and rediscover the positive side of ourselves.

Each of the 38 Bac h™ Original Flower Remedies is unique and helps to treat a different emotion. Most people find it reasonably easy to select their own remedies. All you need to d o is find the remedy (or remedies) that seem to reflect your situation, mood or personality the best. You c an mix up to seven together at a time. All the states desc ribed are everyday human emotions th a t we all feel from time to time. Even the most negative state has a corresponding positive quality that shows us what we can be when we are fully ourselves. Ab ove all. you can use them to be yourself.

RESCUE Remedy•

RESCU E Remedy has been used by generations and is trusted as a sa fe. gentle and effective remedy to help restore inner calm. control and focus. It's relied upon for a wide range of everyday stressful situations as it can be taken by anyone, anywhere.

RESCU E Remedy is made up of a five individual flower essences that help you cope with the different emotional aspects of stressful situations: Rock Rose is used for terror and panic - Impatiens addresses irritation and impatience - Clematis is for inattentiveness and a lack of focus - Star of Bethlehem is for shock - Cherry Plum helps with irrational thoughts and a lack of self control.

Distributed by Serotf Trading Agency - www.serotf.com - Tel: 2133 7231 ~ 216 ~ Contraindications Index

Contraindications Common Name Contraindications Common Name

Abdominal bloating Dong Quai Bile duct obstruction Artichoke Boldo Abdominal pain of Aloe Vera Dandelion unknown origin Buckthorn Peppermint Cascara sagrada Turmeric Rhubarb Bipolar disorder Rhodiola Acidic urine Uva-Ursi Bone marrow Cat’s Claw Acute diarrhoea Devil’s Claw transplantation Acute illness Ginseng Korean Breast-feeding Alfalfa Acute infections Dong Quai Aloe Vera Black Cohosh Acute inflammatory Buckthorn Bladderwrack intestinal disorders Cascara sagrada Boneset Flaxseed Cascara sagrada Rhubarb Cat’s Claw Senna Colt’s Foot Comfrey Acute inflammatory Flaxseed Elecampane illness of the oesophagus Feverfew and stomach entrance Gamboge AIDS Echinacea Ginger Goldenseal Allergy to cinnamon Cinnamon Griffonia (5-HTP) or Peru balsam Horseradish Angle-closure glaucoma Ephedra Juniper Karela Anorexia Ephedra Kelp Lavender Anxiety Ephedra Magnolia Green Tea Nettle Appendicitis Aloe Vera Parsley Buckthorn Pomegranate Cascara sagrada Sage Gamboge Starflower Rhubarb Uva-Ursi Senna Wormwood Yohimbe Asthma Chamomile, German Scotch Pine Bulimia Ephedra Autoimmune disease Cat’s Claw Cardiac arrhythmias Green Tea Echinacea Guarana Behavioural disorders Ephedra Cardiac disease Bladderwrack Ephedra

~ 217 ~ Contraindications Common Name Contraindications Common Name Horny Goat Weed Gentian Siberian Ginseng Kola Nut Wormwood Children Eucalyptus Yohimbe Pau D’Arco Eczema Tea Tree Children under 2 years Feverfew Emotional disorders Ephedra Children under 4 years Horseradish Epilepsy Evening Primrose Children under 12 years Aloe Vera Schisandra Buckthorn Starflower Cascara sagrada Wormwood Hawthorn Uva-Ursi Fever of unknown Cinnamon Yohimbe origin Children under 18 years Alfalfa Foecal impaction Cascara sagrada Ephedra G6PD deficiency Goldenseal Chronic constipation Aloe Vera Karela Chronic diarrhoea Dong Quai Gall bladder empyema Dandelion Chronic inflammation Yohimbe Gall bladder Peppermint of prostate gland inflammation Chronic inflammation Yohimbe Gallstones Artichoke of sexual organs Cardamom Devil’s Claw Chronic irritable bowel, Cayenne GI, hepatic or renal disease GI obstruction Aloe Vera Coeliac disease Oats GI ulcers Nasturtium Turmeric Cold and flu Dong Quai GIT stenosis Psyllium Collagenosis Echinacea Haemorrhage Ginseng Korean Colonic impaction Psyllium Haemorrhagic disease Dong Quai Contact with eyes or Bitter Orange mucous membranes Haemorrhoids Aloe Vera Coronary thrombosis Ginseng Korean Hepatic impairment Clove Comfrey Depression Ephedra Eucalyptus Hops Horse Chestnut Diabetes Ephedra Yohimbe Licorice History of atopic Chamomile, German Nettle hay fever Digestive disorders Uva-Ursi History of SLE Alfalfa Duodenal ulcers Cinnamon HIV infection Echinacea Devil’s Claw

~ 218 ~ Contraindications Common Name Contraindications Common Name Hypermenorrhoea Dong Quai Immunosuppressants Cat’s Claw Inflammatory GIT Eucalyptus Hypersensitivity to Fenugreek disease chickpeas Inflamed skin Tea Tree Hypersensitivity to Arnica Compositae family Chamomile, German Insomnia Ephedra Echinacea Green Tea Elecampane Feverfew Intestinal disorders Guar Gum Flaxseed Intestinal obstruction Buckthorn Milk Thistle Cascara sagrada Yarrow Flaxseed Hypersensitivity to Thyme Oats Labiatae family Psyllium Rhubarb Hypersensitivity to Arnica Senna Tagetes spp. Yellow Dock Hypersensitivity to Aloe Vera Intestinal ulcers Centaury the herb Aniseed Cinchona Fenugreek Ginkgo Intracranial pressure Schisandra Myrrh Leukosis Echinacea Peppermint Pygeum Liver cirrhosis Licorice St. John’s Wort Mental disorders Ephedra Yarrow Mood disorders Horny Goat Weed Hypersensitivity to Aniseed Umbelliferae family Fennel Multiple sclerosis Echinacea Hypertension Ephedra Nausea Aloe Vera Goldenseal Cascara sagrada Green Tea Guarana NSAID use Barberry Schisandra Oedema due to Horsetail Siberian Ginseng impaired heart or Hyperthyroidism Bladderwrack kidney function Ephedra Oedema in cardiac or Birch Leaf Hypoglycaemia Karela renal insufficiency Couch Grass Hypokalaemia Licorice Oesophageal disease Guar Gum Hypothyroidism Lemon Balm Oestrogen dependent Hops tumours Hypotonia Licorice Oestrogen or Agnus Castus IBD Gamboge progesterone sensitive Aloe Vera tumours Ileus Dandelion Open wounds Cayenne

~ 219 ~ Contraindications Common Name Contraindications Common Name Horseradish Overactive sympathetic Damiana Hydrangea nervous system activity Hyssop Juniper Paediatrics Fennel Karela Nasturtium Kelp Pheochromocytoma Ephedra Kola Nut Lavender Photosensitivity St. John’s Wort Lemon Balm Lemongrass Pregnancy Agnus Castus Licorice Alfalfa Magnolia Aloe Vera Marigold Angelica Meadowsweet Barberry Myrrh Barley Nettle Black Cohosh Oregon Grape Bladderwrack Papaya Blessed Thistle Parsley Boldo Pau D’Arco Boneset Peppermint Buchu Pomegranate Burdock Prickly Ash California Poppy Raspberry Cascara sagrada Rosemary Catnip Safflower Cat’s Claw Saffron Celery Sage Cinchona Saw Palmetto Cinnamon Slippery Elm Colt’s Foot Starflower Comfrey Turmeric Devil’s Claw Uva-Ursi Dong Quai Velvet Bean Echinacea Wolfberry Elecampane Wormwood Eucalyptus Yarrow Fennel Yohimbe Fenugreek Feverfew Psychiatric conditions Yohimbe Flaxseed Gamboge Quinine hypersensitivity Cinchona Ginkgo Renal impairment Aloe Vera Ginseng Korean Boldo Goldenseal Celery Gotu Kola Comfrey Griffonia (5-HTP) Goldenseal Hawthorn Horse Chestnut Hops Juniper Horehound Nasturtium

~ 220 ~ Contraindications Common Name Contraindications Common Name Parsley Yohimbe Uva-Ursi Stricture of the Flaxseed Yohimbe oesophagus & in GI area Restlessness Ephedra Suicidal tendency Ephedra Salicylate sensitivity Meadowsweet Taking anticoagulants Clove White Willow Papaya Schizophrenia Starflower Taking Turmeric cyclophosphamide Severe liver disease Boldo Green Tea Taking paracetamol Clove Peppermint Thyrotoxicosis Ephedra Severe renal Licorice insufficiency Tuberculosis Echinacea Stomach disease Guar Gum Thyroid disorders Maca Stomach inflammation Cayenne Ulcerated or Horse Chestnut broken skin Stomach obstruction Gamboge Use before or during Ephedra Stomach pain Gamboge strenuous exercise Stomach ulcers Cayenne Use with stimulants Ephedra Centaury Ginseng Korean Cinchona Cinnamon Vomiting Aloe Vera Devil’s Claw Cascara sagrada Ephedra Whooping cough Scotch Pine Gamboge Gentian Kola Nut Wormwood

~ 221 ~ ~ 222 ~ Herb Name Index Monograph titles are listed in capitals and Latin botanical names in italics

ACEROLA 1 BITTER ORANGE 16 Achillea millefolium 165 BLACK COHOSH 17 Adansonia digitata 11 BLADDERWRACK 19 Aesculus hippocastanum 93 BLESSED THISTLE 19 AGNUS CASTUS 1 BOLDO 20 Agropyron repens 41 BONESET 21 ALFALFA 2 Borago officinalis 150 Allium sativum 64 BOSWELLIA 21 Aloe barbadensis 3 Boswellia serrata 21 ALOE VERA 3 BRAHMI 22 Althaea officinalis 110 BUCHU 23 Ananas comosus 127 BUCKTHORN 23 ANGELICA 6 BUCKWHEAT 24 Angelica archangelica 6 BURDOCK 27 Angelica sinensis 47 BUTCHER’S BROOM 27 ANISEED 7 Antelaea azadirachta 117 Apium graveolens 33 Calendula officinalis 109 Arctium lappa 27 CALIFORNIA POPPY 28 Arctostaphylos uva-ursi 158 Camellia sinensis 82 Armoracia rusticana 94 Capsicum species 32 ARNICA 8 CARAWAY 29 Arnica montana 8 CARDAMOM 29 Artemisia absinthium 165 Carica papaya 122 ARTICHOKE 10 Carthamus tinctorius 138 Arundinaria japonica 11 Carum carvi 29 Astragalus gummifer 156 CASCARA SAGRADA 30 Avena sativa 119 Cassia species 144 CAT’S CLAW 31 CATNIP 32 Bacopa monnieri 22 CAYENNE 32 BAMBOO 11 CELERY 33 BAOBAB 11 Centaurium erythraea 34 BARBERRY 12 CENTAURY 34 BARLEY 13 Centella asiatica 78 Barosmae folium 23 Cetraria islandica 96 Berberis vulgaris 12 CHAMOMILE, GERMAN 34 Betonica officinalis 164 CHICKWEED 35 Betulae folium 16 CHICORY 36 BILBERRY 13 Cichorium intybus 36 BIRCH LEAF 16 Cimicifuga racemosa 17

~ 223 ~ CINCHONA 36 Euphrasia officinalis 57 Cinchona pubescens 36 EVENING PRIMROSE 55 Cinnamomum verum 37 EYEBRIGHT 57 CINNAMON 37 Fagopyrum esculentum 24 Citrus aurantium 16 FENNEL 58 CLEAVERS 38 FENUGREEK 59 CLOVE 39 FEVERFEW 61 Cnicus benedictus 19 Filipendula ulmaria 111 Coffea arabica 81 FLAXSEED 61 Cola acuminata 100 Foeniculum vulgare 58 COLT’S FOOT 40 Fucus vesiculosus 19 COMFREY 40 Commiphora molmol 116 CORN SILK 41 Galium aparine 38 COUCH GRASS 41 GAMBOGE 63 CRANBERRY 42 Garcinia hanburyi 63 CRANESBILL 44 GARLIC 64 Crataegus laevigata 89 GENTIAN 66 Crocus sativus 139 Gentiana lutea 66 Cucurbita pepo 131 Geranium maculatum 44 Curcuma domestica 157 GINGER 66 Cyamopsis tetragonoloba 88 GINKGO 68 Cymbopogon citratus 103 Ginkgo biloba 68 Cynara scolymus L. 10 GINSENG KOREAN 73 Glycyrrhiza glabra 104 GOLDENSEAL 77 DAMIANA 44 GOTU KOLA 78 DANDELION 45 GRAPESEED 78 DEVIL’S CLAW 46 GREEN COFFEE 81 Dioscorea villosa 162 GREEN TEA 82 DONG QUAI 47 GRIFFONIA (5-HTP) 85 Drosera ramentacea 152 Griffonia simplicifolia 85 GRINDELIA 86 Grindelia robusta 86 ECHINACEA 49 GUARANA 87 Echinaceae species 49 GUAR GUM 88 ELDER 51 GYMNEMA 89 ELECAMPANE 52 Gymnema sylvestre 89 Elettaria cardamomum 29 Eleutherococcus senticosus 145 EPHEDRA 53 Hamamelis virginiana 163 Ephedra sinica 53 Harpagophytum procumbens 46 Equisetum arvense 95 HAWTHORN 89 Eschscholtzia californica 28 Hedera helix 97 EUCALYPTUS 54 Herba epimedii 92 Eucalyptus globulus 54 Hibiscus sabdariffa 137 Eupatorium perfoliatum 21 HOODIA 90

~ 224 ~ Hoodia gordonii 90 MACA 107 HOPS 91 MAGNOLIA 108 Hordeum distichon 13 Magnolia glauca 108 HOREHOUND 92 Mahonia aquifolium 121 HORNY GOAT WEED 92 MALLOW (High Mallow) 108 HORSE CHESTNUT 93 Malpighia glabra 1 HORSERADISH 94 Malva sylvestris 108 HORSETAIL 95 MARIGOLD 109 Humulus lupulus 91 Marrubium vulgare 92 HYDRANGEA 95 MARSHMALLOW 110 Hydrangea arborescens 95 MATÉ 111 Hydrastis canadensis 77 Matricaria recutita 34 Hypericum perforatum 149 MEADOWSWEET 111 HYSSOP 96 Medicago sativa 2 Hyssopus officinalis 96 Melaleuca alternifolia 154 Melilotus officinalis 153 Melissa officinalis 102 ICELAND MOSS 96 Mentha piperita 126 Ilex paraguariensis 111 MILK THISTLE 113 Inula helenium 52 Momordica charantia 98 IVY LEAF 97 Mucuna pruriens 160 MUIRA-PUAMA 115 MULLEIN 116 JUNIPER 97 MYRRH 116 Juniperus communis 97

NASTURTIUM 117 KARELA 98 NEEM 117 KELP 99 Nepeta cataria 32 KIDNEY BEAN 100 NETTLE 118 KOLA NUT 100

OATS 119 Lactuca virosa 161 Oenothera biennis 55 Laminaria hyperborea 99 Olea europaea 120 Lavandula officinalis 101 OLIVE 120 LAVENDER 101 OREGON GRAPE 121 LEMON BALM 102 Origanum vulgare 162 LEMONGRASS 103 Oryza sativa 135 Lentinus edodes 145 Lepidium meyenii 107 LICORICE 104 Paeonia officinalis 125 LINDEN 105 Panax ginseng 73 Linum usitatissimum 61 PAPAYA 122 LUFFA 106 PARSLEY 123 Luffa aegyptica 106 PASSIONFLOWER 124 Lycium barbarum 164 Passiflora incarnata 124

~ 225 ~ PAU D’ARCO 125 Salix species 161 Paullinia cupana 87 Salvia officinalis 139 Pausinystalia yohimbe 166 Sambucus nigra 51 PEONY 125 SARSAPARILLA 140 PEPPERMINT 126 SAW PALMETTO 141 Petroselinum crispum 123 SCHISANDRA 142 Peumus boldo 20 Schisandra chinensis 142 Phaseolus vulgaris 100 SCOTCH PINE 143 Pimpinella anisum 7 SENNA 144 PINEAPPLE 127 Serenoa repens 141 Pinus species 143 SHIITAKE MUSHROOM 145 Plantago major 128 SIBERIAN GINSENG 145 Plantago ovata 129 Silybum marianum 113 PLANTAIN 128 SLIPPERY ELM 148 POMEGRANATE 128 Smilax species 140 PRICKLY ASH 129 SORREL 148 Prunus africana 132 ST. JOHN’S WORT 149 PSYLLIUM 129 STARFLOWER 150 Ptychopetalum olacoides 115 Stellaria media 35 PUMPKIN 131 SUNDEW 152 Punica granatum 128 SWEET CLOVER 153 PYGEUM 132 Symphytum officinale 40 Syzygium aromaticum 39

RASPBERRY 132 RED CLOVER 133 Tabebuia avellanedae 125 Rhamnus catharticus 23 TAMARIND 153 Rhamnus purshiana 30 Tamarindus indica 153 Rheum palmatum 134 Tanacetum parthenium 61 RHODIOLA 133 Taraxacum officinale 45 Rhodiola rosea 133 TEA TREE 154 RHUBARB 134 THYME 155 RICE 135 Thymus vulgaris 155 Rosa canina 135 Tilia species 105 ROSE HIP 135 TRAGACANTH 156 ROSELLE 137 Trifolium pratense 133 ROSEMARY 137 Trigonella foenum-graecum 59 Rosmarinus officinalis 137 Tropaeolum majus 117 Rubus idaeus 132 TURMERIC 157 Rumex acetosa 166 Turnera diffusa 44 Rumex crispus 148 Tussilago farfara 40 Ruscus aculeatus 27

Ulmus rubra 148 SAFFLOWER 138 Uncaria tomentosa 31 SAFFRON 139 Urtica dioica 118 SAGE 139 UVA-URSI 158

~ 226 ~ Vaccinium macrocarpon 42 WOLBERRY 164 Vaccinium myrtillus 13 WOOD BETONY 164 VALERIAN 159 WORMWOOD 165 Valeriana officinalis 159 VELVET BEAN 160 Verbascum densiflorum 116 YARROW 165 Vitex agnus-castus 1 YELLOW DOCK 166 Vitis vinifera 78 YOHIMBE 166 YUCCA 167 Yucca schidigera 167 WHITE WILLOW 161 WILD LETTUCE 161 WILD OREGANO 162 Zanthoxylum americanum 129 WILD YAM 162 Zea mays 41 WITCH HAZEL 163 Zingiber officinale 66

~ 227 ~ Women's Health

a combination of cranberry and probiotic bacteria to support your natural defences

~ 228 ~ Product Name Index

2-Day DetoxPlan (HealthAid) 113 Altadrine® Lipodrainer (Alta Care) 118 4.3.2.1 Performance Detox Altadrine® Night Burner (Alta Care) 83 (Arkopharma) 82 Altaflora® Gastrogel (Alta Care) 4 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Day & Night Altaflora® Transit (Alta Care) 134 (Arkopharma) 82 Altasterol® Stimulant (Alta Care) 67 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Organic (Arkopharma) 82 Antioxidant Selenium-ACE Formula (Vega) 14 4.3.2.1 Shape Up Ultimate (Arkopharma) 60 AntiStress (Erba Vita) 107 50 Plus Once A Day (Quest) 24 Aquaflow® (HealthAid) 46 5-HTP (HealthAid) 85 Arnica (Bios Line) 9 5-HTP (Solgar) 85 Arnica (HealthAid) 9 Arnica (Sella) 9 ArnicareTM (Nelsons) 9 4 Acne-n-Pimple Cream (Himalaya) Arthur’s Formula Ltd (Power Health) 47 4 Active Mature 50+ (Vega) Artichoke (Arkopharma) 10 Active Women’s Multivitamins & Minerals Artichoke (HealthAid) 10 (Vega) 146 Astragalus (HealthAid) 156 Ad-muc® (Merz) 35 Atrogel (A.Vogel) 9 Agnus Castus (A.Vogel) 2 Atrosan® (A.Vogel) 47 Agnus Castus (HealthAid) 2 Atrotone® (HealthAid) 157 Agnus Castus Herbal Complex (Vega) 2 Alfalfa (Arkopharma) 3 Alfalfa 500mg (Power Health) 3 Bamboo Gum (Arkopharma) 11 Alfalfa Leaf (HealthAid) 3 Bambu® (A.Vogel) 36 Alito Fresco e Balsamico (Sella) 54 Bilberry (A.Vogel) 14 Alkagin® (Istituto Ganassini) 109 Bilberry (HealthAid) 14 AllergforteTM (HealthAid) 118 Bilberry Extract (Power Herbs) 14 Aloe Vera (HealthAid) 4 Biocosmetics Starflower Oil Aloe Vera 5000 (Power Health) 4 (Power Health) 151 Aloe Vera 5000mg (HealthAid) 4 Biofreeze® Pain Relieving Gel (Biofreeze) 111 Aloe Vera 10,000mg (Lamberts) 4 Black Cohosh (HealthAid) 18 ® Aloe Vera ESI (ESI) 4 Black Cohosh 1000mg (Lamberts) 18 Aloe Vera Herbal Complex (Vega) 4 Black Cohosh Herbal Complex (Vega) 18 Aloe Vera Juice (Kelkin) 4 Bodylean® CLA Plus (HealthAid) 83 Aloe Vera Juice (Power Health) 4 Boldo Multi-Herbal Complex (Healthlife) 20 ® Altacura Broncotuss (Alta Care) 112 Borage Oil 500mg (Power Health) 151 ® Altacura Ginseng (Alta Care) 73 Boswellia (HealthAid) 22 ® Altacura Infludrink (Alta Care) 112 Brain Fuel Formula (Vega) 69 ® Altacura Influtuss (Alta Care) 112 Brainvit® (HealthAid) 22 ® Altacura Influtuss Extra (Alta Care) 221 Bromelain Complex (Vega) 5 ® Altadrine Aquadrain (Alta Care) 82 Broncovit® (Erba vita) 86 ® Altadrine Day Burner (Alta Care) 79 Burdock (HealthAid) 27 ® Altadrine Fat Burner (Alta Care) 17 Butcher’s Broom (HealthAid) 28

~ 229 ~ Calendula (HealthAid) 110 Cranberry (HealthAid) 42 Calendula Cream (Nelsons) 110 Cranberry (NatraHealth) 42 Californian Poppy (Arkopharma) 29 Cranberry (Quest) 42 Calma Baby (Erba Vita) 105 Cranberry Complex (Lamberts) 43 CandawayTM (Lamberts) 37 Cranberry Cyst (ESI) 43 Candiclear (Higher Nature) 156 Cranberry Extract (Numark) 43 Carbogas (Sella) 59 Cranberry Juice Concentrate CarbonFlor® (Erba Vita) 8 (Power Health) 43 Carboslim® Phase 2 (HealthAid) 83 Cranberry Plus Formula (Vega) 43 Cardiohealth Formula (Vega) 64 Cynara (A.Vogel) 10 ® Cardiosterol® Garlic + Co. Q10 (Alta Care) 64 Cys-control Cranberola (Arkopharma) 43 ® Cardiosterol® Krill (Alta Care) 55 Cysticare (HealthAid) 43 Cardiosterol® SLO (Alta Care) 55 Cat’s Claw (HealthAid) 31 Cat’s Claw (Power Herbs) 31 Damiana Leaf (HealthAid) 45 Cat’s Claw Herbal Complex (Vega) 31 Dandelion (HealthAid) 46 Celery Seed 200mg (Power Herbs) 33 Dandelion Root (HealthAid) 46 ® Cellulite Formula (Vega) 69 Day-vit Active (HealthAid) 73 ® CellusiteTM (HealthAid) 161 Day-vit Probio (HealthAid) 24 Centrum Performance (Centrum) 69 Dermavital (HealthAid) 5 Chalet® Hair Stimulant (Alta Care) 141 Detoxil (Vitabiotics) 10 Chamomile (HealthAid) 35 Devil’s Claw (Arkopharma) 47 Children’s Echinacea (HealthAid) 49 Devil’s Claw (A.Vogel) 47 Chitosan Complex (HealthAid) 89 Devil’s Claw (HealthAid) 47 Cholestro-Vit Formula (Vega) 65 Devil’s Claw Herbal Complex (Vega) 47 TM Cider Trim (HealthAid) 99 Diaglucoforte (HealthAid) 99 Cidiet (Power Health) 99 Dietrim (Vitabiotics) 38 Cinnamon (HealthAid) 37 Diet Shake (Sci-MX) 83 CitricidalTM (Higher Nature) 79 DigestivAid No Acid (ESI) 104 ® Citronella Geranium Aerosol Free Nebuliser Digestizyme (Lamberts) 122 TM (Sella) 103 Digeston (HealthAid) 122 Citronella Geranium for Children (Sella) 103 DLPA & Turmeric (Quest) 157 Citronella Geranium Stick (Sella) 103 Dong Quai (HealthAid) 48 ColestroforteTM (HealthAid) 60 Dong Quai Herbal Complex (Vega) 48 Colic Baby (Erba Vita) 106 Dong Quai Root Extract (Solgar) 48 ® Colloidal Minerals Plus Kelp Formula Dormeasan (A.Vogel) 159 (Vega) 99 Coloclear Extra (Higher Nature) 62 Colonease (HealthAid) 5 Echinacea (A. Vogel) 49 Comfrey Cream (A.Vogel) 41 Echinacea (HealthAid) 49 Concentrated Echinacea 500mg (Numark) 49 Echinacea (NatraHealth) 50 Controller (Alta Care) 103 Echinacea 300 (Power Herbs) 50 Controller® Natural Sleep (Alta Care) 106 Echinacea 1000mg (Lamberts) 50 Cranberola® (Arkopharma) 42 Echinacea 1000mg & Goldenseal 2000mg Cranberry (Arkopharma) 42 (Lamberts) 50

~ 230 ~ Echinacea & Black Elderberry Evening Primrose Oil 1000mg (Healthlife) 56 (Higher Nature) 50 Evening Primrose Oil 1000mg (Lamberts) 56 Echinacea Cream (A.Vogel) 50 Evening Primrose Oil 1000mg (Numark) 56 Echinacea Extract (Solgar) 50 Evening Primrose Oil 1000mg Extra High Echinacea Forte (A.Vogel) 50 Strength (Vega) 56 Echinacea Herbal Complex (Vega) 50 Evening Primrose Oil 1300mg (HealthAid) 56 Echinacea Plus Ginseng & Astragalus Herbal Evening Primrose Oil Formula (Vega) 57 Complex (Vega) 50 Evening Primrose Oil with Starflower Oil Echinacea (Purpurea & Angustifolia) 1000mg (Lamberts) 57 (Health Aid) 50 Eyebright (HealthAid) 58 Echinacea Root 500mg (FSC) 50 EyeVit (HealthAid) 58 Echinacea Throat Spray (A.Vogel) 51 Eyewise® (Lamberts) 79 ® Echinaforce (A.Vogel) 51 Fema45+ (Lamberts) 25 ® Echinaforce Forte (A. Vogel) 51 Femmevit® (HealthAid) 151 Efalex (Efamol) 70 Fem-X (HealthAid) 146 Efalex Active 50+ (Efamol) 70 Fenugreek (Arkopharma) 60 Elderberry (HealthAid) 52 Fenugreek (HealthAid) 60 ® Ellegyn (Alta Care) 91 Feverfew (HealthAid) 61 ® Ellegyn Cysti (Alta Care) 43 Feverfew Herbal Complex (Vega) 61 Energizer Formula (Vega) 146 Fibre Dophilus (HealthAid) 130 Enzyme Digest (Quest) 122 Finocarbo Plus (Aboca) 59 ® Erbalax Delicato Capsule (Erba Vita) 134 Flax Seed Oil 1000mg (HealthAid) 62 ® Erbalax Delicato Sciroppo (Erba Vita) 134 Flax Seed Oil 1000mg (Lamberts) 62 ® Erbalax Forte Compresse (Erba Vita) 144 Flax Seed Oil 1000mg (Power Health) 62 Essential Oil of Peppermint Flodol® (Alta Care) 112 (Power Herbs) 126 Flodol® Artro (Alta Care) 112 Essential Oil of Sage 50mg (Power Herbs) 140 Flodolor® Flexi (Alta Care) 122 ® Ester-C 1000mg Plus Vitamin C (Solgar) 1 FootCare Cream (Himalaya) 60 Ester-C Formula (Vega) 136 Formula VM-75 (Solgar) 25 Eucarbon® (Trenka) 144 Evening Primrose (HealthAid) 55 Evening Primrose 500mg (Quest) 56 Garlic (Wassen) 65 Evening Primrose 1000mg (Quest) 56 Garlic Extra High Strength (Deodorised) Evening Primrose Oil (Arkopharma) 56 (Vega) 65 Evening Primrose Oil (HealthAid) 56 Garlic Max 4000 (HealthAid) 65 Evening Primrose Oil 500mg (HealthAid) 56 Garlic Oil (Solgar) 65 Evening Primrose Oil 500mg (Lamberts) 56 Gastro-Vit Formula (Vega) 5 Evening Primrose Oil 500mg (Numark) 56 Gentlemen’s ThreeTM (HealthAid) 74 Evening Primrose Oil 500mg Gericaps® Active (HealthAid) 74 (Power Health) 56 Gincosan (Pharmaton) 70 Evening Primrose Oil 500mg (Solgar) 56 Ginger (Arkopharma) 67 Evening Primrose Oil 500mg High Strength Ginger (Lamberts) 67 (Vega) 56 Ginger (Quest) 67 Evening Primrose Oil 1000mg Ginger Root (HealthAid) 67 (HealthAid) 56 Ginger Root Extract (HealthAid) 67

~ 231 ~ Ginger Root (Zingiber officinale) 280mg Herbal 3 (HealthAid) 131 (Power Herbs) 67 Herbal BoosterTM (HealthAid) 87 Ginkgo (Arkopharma) 70 Herbal Cream (HealthAid) 9 Ginkgo 6000mg (Lamberts) 70 Herbal Female Complex (Solgar) 18 Ginkgo Biloba (A.Vogel) 70 Hi-Active Formula (Vega) 120 Ginkgo Biloba (HealthAid) 70 Hi-Garlic Perles Odourless (Power Health) 65 Ginkgo Biloba (NatraHealth) 70 High Strenght Milk Thistle Extract Ginkgo Biloba (Quest) 70 (Lifeplan) 113 Ginkgo Biloba 500mg (FSC) 70 Hip & Thigh Formula (HealthAid) 161 Ginkgo Biloba Herbal Complex (Vega) 70 Horse Chestnut (HealthAid) 93 Ginkgo Biloba Leaf 180mg Horse Chestnut Complex (Lamberts) 93 (Power Herbs) 70 Horsetail (HealthAid) 95 Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract (Solgar) 70 HypercalTM (Nelsons) 110 TM Ginkgo Vital 3 (HealthAid) 146 Hyperiforce® (A.Vogel) 149 GinkoVitalTM (HealthAid) 71 Ginsana (Pharmaton) 74 Ginseng Forte (Arkopharma) 74 Ibisene® (Lamberts) 10 Ginseng Korean Herbal Complex (Vega) 74 Immune + (Higher Nature) 52 Ginseng Siberian Herbal Complex (Vega) 146 Immuno baby (Erba Vita) 51 Goji Berry 500mg (Power Health) 164 InterfreshTM (HealthAid) 123 Goldcare 50+ (Vitabiotics) 71 Isla Cassis 96 Golden Seal (HealthAid) 77 Isla Mint 96 Gotu Kola (HealthAid) 78 Isla Moss 97 Grapeseed Antioxidant Formula (FSC) 79 Ispaghula (Arkopharma) 130 Grapeseed Extract (HealthAid) 79 Ivy-Thyme Complex (A.Vogel) 156 Green Coffee (Quest) 81 Green Coffee Bean (Power Health) 81 Green Tea (Arkopharma) 83 Jointace Chondroitin (Vitabiotics) 67 Green Tea (HealthAid) 83 Jointace Collagen (Vitabiotics) 67 Green Tea (Quest) 83 Jointace Fizz (Vitabiotics) 68 Green Tea 1000mg (Power Herbs) 83 Jointace Gel (Vitabiotics) 68 GrinTuss (Aboca) 86 Jointace Patch (Vitabiotics) 68 TM Guaramax® 1000 (HealthAid) 87 Jointcare Comfrelieve (Seven Seas) 41 Guarana 500mg (Power Herbs) 87 JointCare Sport (HealthAid) 74 JointWise (Vega) 68 HaemoVit Liquid GoldTM (HealthAid) 140 JointWise Complete Multipack (Vega) 157 Hawthorn (Arkopharma) 90 Hawthorn 2500mg (Lamberts) 90 Hawthorn Berry (HealthAid) 90 Kalms (Lanes) 159 Hawthorn Berry 500mg (FSC) 90 Kangavites (Solgar) 136 Hawthorn Compound (Power Herbs) 25 Karbofin Forte (ESI) 59 HCA (Higher Nature) 154 Karela (HealthAid) 99 Healthy Mega (HealthAid) 25 Kelp (Power Health) 100 HeartMaxTM (HealthAid) 79 Kelp Plus Greens Formula (Vega) 100 Hematinic Blood Co-Factors (Vega) 71 Korean Ginseng (HealthAid) 74

~ 232 ~ Korean Ginseng (NatraHealth) 74 Milk Thistle Herbal Complex (Vega) 114 Korean Ginseng (Numark) 74 Milk Thistle Herb Extract (Solgar) 114 Korean Ginseng 1200mg (Lamberts) 74 Milk Thistle Plus (FSC) 114 Korean Ginseng 250mg (HealthAid) 74 Molkosan Vitality (A.Vogel) 83 Korean Ginseng Extract (IL HWA) 75 MSM Glucosamine Joint Complex Korean Ginseng with Multivitamins & Minerals (Higher Nature) 33 (Red Kooga) 75 Mucovit® Sciroppo Adulti (Erba Vita) 86 Koregin® 3000 (HealthAid) 75 Mucovit® Sciroppo Bambini (Erba Vita) 86 Kwai® ACE (Kwai) 75 Muira Puama (HealthAid) 115 Kwai® One-A-Day (Kwai) 75 Multi Antioxidant Complex (Vega) 71 Kyolic Garlic 1000 (Quest) 65 Multibionta® Activate (Seven Seas) 75 Multibionta® Immune Support Probiotic Multivitamin (Seven Seas) 83 Lass-B (Erba Vita) 46 Multibionta® Probiotic Multivitamin 50+ Lepicol (Healthy Bowels) 130 (Seven Seas) 76 Linoforce® (A.Vogel) 62 Multigluco Tolerance Factor (Vega) 72 ® Liquorice (HealthAid) 105 Multi-Gyn ActiGel (MultiGyn) 5 ® Livercare® (HealthAid) 113 Multi-Gyn FemiWash (MultiGyn) 5 ® Luffa Complex (A.Vogel) 106 Multi-Gyn LiquiGel (MultiGyn) 5 Multi-Gyn® Tablets (MultiGyn) 5 Multi-Mam® BabyWash (Multi-Mam) 5 Maca (HealthAid) 107 Multi-Mam® Compresses (Multi-Mam) 6 Magnolia Extract (HealthAid) 108 Multi Max® (Lamberts) 79 Magnolia, Valerian, St. John’s Wort Complex Multi-Max® Advance (Lamberts) 158 (HealthAid) 90 Male Formula (HealthAid) 75 Male MaxTM (HealthAid) 75 Natracalm Passiflora (Natra) 124 Maxijoint Formula (Vega) 15 Natrasleep (Natra) 160 MegaMultiTM (HealthAid) 75 Natural Cranberry with Vitamin C (Solgar) 43 Mega Potency Ginkgo 6000 Natural Herbal Inhalant Oil (Numark) 54 (Higher Nature) 71 Neem Cream (A.Vogel) 117 Melissa Leaf Extract (HealthAid) 103 Neem Leaf Herbal Complex (Vega) 118 Memory Plus Formula (Vega) 71 Neem Oil (A.Vogel) 118 ® Menopace Plus (Vitabiotics) 140 Neo Fermental Max (ESI) 6 Menopause Formula (Vega) 151 Neovita® (Savoy Laboratories) 76 Menophase (Higher Nature) 142 Nettle Leaf (HealthAid) 119 ® Menovital (HealthAid) 48 Neuralta® Migren (Alta Care) 127 Migrastick (Arkopharma) 127 Neuralta® Plus (Alta Care) 123 Milk Thistle (Arkopharma) 114 Neuroforte® (HealthAid) 72 Milk Thistle (A.Vogel) 114 Nicosolven® Astaxanthin (Alta Care) 57 Milk Thislte (HealthAid) 114 No-Dol (ESI) 47 Milk Thistle (Power Herbs) 114 No-Gas® enzimi (Giuliani) 68 Milk Thistle 4500mg (Lamberts) 114 Nutri baby (Erba Vita) 136 Milk Thistle & Artichoke (Higher Nature) 114 Milk Thistle Complex (HealthAid) 114

~ 233 ~ Oat Seed (HealthAid) 120 Potter’s Catarrh Pastilles (Potter’s) 98 Odourless Garlic (Healthlife) 65 Potter’s Decongestant Pastilles (Potter’s) 54 Odourless Garlic (NutraHealth) 65 Potter’s Sugar Free Cough Pastilles (Potter’s) Odourless Garlic Gems (FSC) 65 105 Odourless Garlic Pearls (Numark) 65 Power Ginseng GX 2500+ (Power Health) 76 TM Olive Leaf Extract (Power Herbs) 121 Powerplus (HealthAid) 146 ® Omega 3 & 6 (Quest) 57 Pregnazon (HealthAid) 26 Omega Excellence Flax Seed Oil 1000mg Premenstrual Formula (Vega) 120 (Higher Nature) 62 Prospan (BioRevive) 97 Omega-H3 (Vitabiotics) 26 Prostasan® (A.Vogel) 141 One A Day Pure Cod Liver Oil Plus Evening Prostate Formula (Vega) 141 Primrose (Seven Seas) 57 Prostavital® (HealthAid) 131 One A Day Pure Cod Liver Oil Plus Garlic Prune & Senna (FSC) 144 (Seven Seas) 65 Psyllium Husk 1000mg (HealthAid) 130 Opticare Formula 20:20 (Vega) 72 Psyllium Husk Fibre (HealthAid) 130 ® Organic Aloe Vera (dr.organic ) 6 Psyllium Husk Fibre (Vega) 130 Organic Aloe Vera Gel Infused with Pumpkin Seed Oil (HealthAid) 131 Cucumber, Witch Hazel and Calendula Pumpkin Seed Oil 500mg (Power Health) 131 (dr.organic®) 6 Pure Evening Primrose Oil (Efamol) 57 Organic Aloe Vera Gel Infused with Organic Tea Tree Oil and Arnica (dr.organic®) 6 Pure Evening Primrose Oil (Seven Seas) 57 Organic Flax Oil (Arkopharma) 63 Pure Green Coffee Extract (Lamberts) 81 Organic Lavender (dr.organic®) 102 Organic Optimum Oil (FSC) 63 Quiet Life (Lanes) 91 Organic Pomegranate (dr.organic®) 129 Organic Tea Tree (dr.organic®) 154 Osteoflex® (HealthAid) 158 Rash Relief Cream (Rapaid) 6 Osteoflex® Plus (HealthAid) 158 Raspberry Leaf Extract (HealthAid) 132 Otolaya (Inebios) 110 Red Sterol Complex (Higher Nature) 38 Passiflora (HealthAid) 124 Refreshall® (Lamberts) 72 Passion Flower (HealthAid) 124 Reintegra MgKB Balance (Erba Vita) 12 Pau D’Arco (HealthAid) 125 Rejuvadeen Formula (Vega) 84 Pectovit® (Erba Vita) 86 Revive (Kelkin) 88 Peppermint Oil (Lamberts) 127 Rhodiola (HealthAid) 133 Perfectil (Vitabiotics) 51 Rhodiola Herbal Complex (Vega) 133 Perfectil Platinum (Vitabiotics) 84 Rhodiola Root Extract (Solgar) 134 Perfectil Plus (Vitabiotics) 151 Rosehip (HealthAid) 136 Pharmaton® (Pharmaton) 76 Royal 3 (HealthAid) 57 Phytobronz (Arkopharma) 80 Rutin and Vitamin C 500mg (Lamberts) 26 Phytocalm (Arkopharma) 124 Rutivite Original (Power Health) 26 Phytocold (Arkopharma) 51 Phytomenopause (Arkopharma) 140 Phytorhuma (Arkopharma) 47 Saffron (HealthAid) 139 Pineapple (Arkopharma) 128 Sage Leaf Extract (HealthAid) 140 Pine Bark Complex (Vega) 143 Sambucol For Children (Sambucol) 52

~ 234 ~ Sambucol® Immuno Forte Formula Super Once A Day Timed Release (Sambucol) 52 (Quest) 123 Sambucol® Original Formula (Sambucol) 52 Super Strength Cranberry (Higher Nature) 43 Sarsaparilla (HealthAid) 141 Super Strength Supergar 8000 Saw Palmetto (Arkopharma) 142 (Higher Nature) 65 Saw Palmetto (HealthAid) 142 Swiss Garlic (A.Vogel) 66 Saw Palmetto (NatraHealth) 142 Saw Palmetto 1000mg & Uva Ursi 100mg (Power Herbs) 142 Tea Tree (Bios Line) 155 Saw Palmetto Berry Extract (Solgar) 142 Tea Tree (HealthAid) 155 Sedivitax (Aboca) 124 Tea Tree (Nelsons) 155 Senna (HealthAid) 144 Tea Tree & Witch Hazel Cream (Lanes) 163 Sexovit® forte (HealthAid) 76 Tea Tree Balm (Power Health) 155 Sibergin® 2500 (HealthAid) 146 Teenstick (Arkopharma) 39 TM Siberian Ginseng (Arkopharma) 147 Testofen (Power Herbs) 60 Siberian Ginseng (HealthAid) 147 TotallyWise (Vega) 84 TM Siberian Ginseng (Power Health) 147 Tranquil (HealthAid) 90 Siberian Ginseng (Quest) 147 Tri-Omega EFA (Sci-MX) 63 Siberian Ginseng 250mg (HealthAid) 147 Triple G - Ginseng, Ginkgo, Garlic Siberian Ginseng 1500mg (Lamberts) 147 (Power Health) 76 SiberSlimTM (HealthAid) 147 Turmeric 10,000mg (Lamberts) 158 Silica 250mg (HealthAid) 11 Turmeric Root Extract (HealthAid) 158 ® Silvia® Feminin Formula (Alta Care) 91 Tusserbe Fluid (ESI) 116 ® Silvia® Women (Alta Care) 92 Tusserbe Sed (ESI) 152 Silvia® Women Formula (Alta Care) 88 Slimaide Formula (Vega) 130 Urtica (A.Vogel) 119 Slim-Rite (HealthAid) 3 Uva Ursi (HealthAid) 159 Slippery Elm (HealthAid) 148 Uva-ursi complex (A.Vogel) 159 Snoreeze Oral Strips (Snoreeze) 127 Snoreeze Throat Spray (Snoreeze) 127 Sollievo (Aboca) 144 Starflower Oil (Arkopharma) 151 Valerian (HealthAid) 160 Starflower Oil (HealthAid) 151 Valerian 270mg (Power Herbs) 160 Starflower Oil (Higher Nature) 151 Valerian 1600mg (Lamberts) 160 Starflower Oil 1000mg (HealthAid) 151 Valerian Herbal Complex (Vega) 160 Starflower Oil (Omega-6) Plus Soya Lecithin Valerian Root (HealthAid) 160 (Vega) 152 Valerian Root Extract (Solgar) 160 St. John’s Wort (Arkopharma) 149 Vapour Rub (Numark) 55 St. John’s Wort (HealthAid) 149 Vegilax® (HealthAid) 20 St. John’s Wort (Quest) 150 Vein Support Formula (Vega) 72 St. John’s Wort ‘300’ Herb Extract VeinTain® (Lamberts) 68 (Solgar) 150 Venaforce® (A.Vogel) 93 St. John’s Wort Herbal Complex (Vega) 150 Venagel (A.Vogel) 94 Super Antioxidant (Higher Nature) 36 Venalta® (Alta Care) 80

~ 235 ~ Venalta® Ampoules (Alta Care) 80 Wellman 50+ (Vitabiotics) 147 Venis® Sollievo (Erba Vita) 80 Wellman® Conception (Vitabiotics) 107 Visionace (Vitabiotics) 15 Wellman® Sport (Vitabiotics) 147 Visionace Plus (Vitabiotics) 15 Wellman® Tricologic (Vitabiotics) 80 VisualEyes (Higher Nature) 15 WellTeen® Plus Omega-3 (Vitabiotics) 43 Vitalize Regenerative Formula (Vega) 147 Wellwoman (Vitabiotics) 152 Vitamin B6 (Quest) 124 Wellwoman 50+ (Vitabiotics) 85 Vitamin B12 (Quest) 159 Wellwoman Tricologic® (Vitabiotics) 80 Vitamin C 1000mg (Lamberts) 136 White Willow Bark (HealthAid) 161 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 1000mg High Whole Bulb Garlic (FSC) 66 Strength (Vega) 26 Wild Yam (HealthAid) 163 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 1500mg Super Wintervits® (HealthAid) 156 Strength (Vega) 26 Witch Hazel (Arkopharma) 163 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) Slow Release Wormwood (HealthAid) 165 1000mg (Vega) 136 Vitamin C (Calcium Ascorbate) (Vega) 26 Vitamin C – Time 1000mg (Lamberts) 136 Yucca Root (HealthAid) 167 Vitex Agnus Castus 1000mg (Lamberts) 2 Vitiven® ultra cold (Arkopharma) 28 TM V-Vein (HealthAid) 94 Zinc-C Formula (Vega) 85 ® wellKiD Smart Chewable (Vitabiotics) 63 Zotrim (Nature’s Remedies) 111 Wellman (Vitabiotics) 147

~ 236 ~ 30 Tablets ,... Winter VEGETARIAN Defence System

Vitamin c . Zmc Propofis • Maitoke Astragalus Department of Pharmacy University of Malta