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and Memorial Parks U.S. Department of the Interior Newspaper • FREE National Mall July 2010 • Volume 3, Issue 7 and Memorial Parks

Daily Interpretive By Ranger Richard Ayad Programs Korean War Veteran “…In a place called Korea, and this war was forgot, Where the winters can get to 40 below and summers are blazing hot…Back home it was called a police action, but they forgot to send along the cops.” Sam Fielder, Farmer Following World War II, the Korean Peninsula was divided at the 38th Parallel by communist North Korea and democratic South Korea. On June 25, 1950, North Korea, backed by the Soviet Union and China, invaded South Korea. The United States and fourteen other countries sent troops to restore the 1945 border. President Truman evaded Congressional approval by calling it a police action. An armistice signed July 27, 1953 replaced the border with a demilitarized zone. This is the story of some of those who Join National Park Service rangers participated in this police action. Partial vignettes from interviews conducted by the editor. to learn more about the meaning, symbolism, and significance of the park’s many memorials. No prior sign-up is required, and all programs America’s Mantelpiece. Nurse Betty “Greg”“We were Gregorio, needed.” 23 are free. Program length varies. For Louis Nelson, designer, more information contact a ranger at Mural of Faces When a doctor invited her to the Great Lakes Naval each memorial. Station the head nurse showed her around and she Programs are offered at the following “I remembered the photos on liked what she saw.” Recruited? She laughs, “I think memorials… grandma’s mantelpiece, people I they were. They made a good shot at it.” That was • World War II Memorial knew. The mural pictures could 1948. • be friends or family. Really, the • Memorial faces on the wall could be those of Assigned to the neural surgery section of the combat • Vietnam Veterans Memorial anyone…from any war.” zone hospital ship USS Consolation, Greg was • Korean War Veterans Memorial often off the North Korea coast, immersed in the • Franklin Delano Roosevelt Memorial lightning and smoke, sound and fury of artillery fire and the roaring of aircraft. Concerned? “We were Scheduled Programs are presented on too busy to think about it, so many men to take care the hour from: of; some weren’t able to swallow and required 24 Bobby hour attention.” Later, in Hawaii, but reassigned to 10 a.m. - 11 p.m. Memphis, Greg spent a few days seeing the sites with **Additional programs on request. Hank Baker.

Contents , Page 2, 3, 4...Calendar of Events “The draft breathing down my back” Page 4...... How to Visit the Hank Baker enlisted in the navy, Monument “…I asked her to marry me, but she Cell Phone Tours demurred. Well, after a few months, I 1951. Because the Chaplin had heard Page 5...... Ranger Article from page 1 him sing once, he was temporarily a th kinda got mad about waiting and sent Page 6, 7...... July 4 Activities choir director; Hank’s real career was Page 8 ,9...... Park Projects her an airmail special delivery letter.” aircraft maintenance. He retired 28 Page 9...... Mall Plan Update, Eastern When will the wedding be? The 11th or the National Bookstores, Hank years later a commander and “never Park Concessionaires 18th?” regretted a day.” Greg reluctantly left Page 10...... Ranger Articles: Washington Greg Monument Tribute, D.C. the Navy when she became pregnant. War Memorial Preservation “The 11th will be fine.” Page 11...... Kids’ Column Ayad Continued on page 5 Page 12...... Superintendent’s That was 53 years ago. Message, Old Post Office Tower, Potomac Nature Packs, NPS Organic Act, National Mall NEW Lincoln Memorial Highlights Inside and Memorial Parks Webpage 900 Ohio Drive, SW Washington, DC 20024 This newspaper is also Independence D.C. War Park Headquarters: 202-485-9880 available online. Visitor Information: 202-233-3520 Visit www.nps.gov/nama Day Celebration Memorial Park Websites: www.nps.gov/nama www.nps.gov/mall and click on NEWS. PAGE 6 PAGE 10 6 10 National Mall Plan Website: Editor In Chief: Jason Martz www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan Editors: Michael T. Kelly, Lee Vogtman, Mike Leard, Stephanie Ortiz Radio: 1670 AM

July 2010, Volume 3 Issue 7 National Mall Times 1 Don’t Forget... Daily ranger programs presented at the memorials, every hour from JULY 10 a.m. - 11 p.m. Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 2 3 10 a.m. 10 a.m. 10 a.m. 11 a.m.

Artwork by Ranger Dennis Mosso 1 p.m.

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 6 p.m. 8 p.m. 10 a.m. 1 p.m. 5 p.m. 6 p.m.

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 11 a.m. 6 p.m. 10 a.m. 8 p.m. 6 p.m. 10 a.m. 8 a.m. 1 p.m. 6:30 p.m. 1 p.m. 1 p.m. 8:30 p.m. 6 p.m.

18 19 20 21 22 23 24 8 a.m. 10 a.m. 8 p.m. 6:30 p.m. 1 p.m. 1 p.m. 6 p.m. 8:30 p.m. 6 p.m. 2:30 p.m. 6 p.m.

25 26 27 28 29 30 31 11 a.m. 1 p.m. 10 a.m. 8 p.m. 1 p.m. 1 p.m. 6:30 p.m. 6:30 p.m. 8:30 p.m. 6 p.m. 6 p.m.

Wednesday, July 7 1943. It was the last offensive on on the eve of its bloody revolution. Programs Dorothea Lange: the Eastern Front for the Germans Meet at the Thomas Jefferson Me- Teach Us to See and they never recovered. Meet at morial. Contact Mike Leard at 6 p.m. - 7 p.m. the World War II Memorial. Con- 202-233-3520. Friday, July 2 & Saturday, July 3 tact Paul O’Brian at 202-438-7066. Fire at Little Round Top Dorothea Lange captured some Wednesday, July 14 10 a.m. – 11 a.m., of the most well-known images Sunday, July 11 FDR and Churchill 12 p.m. – 1 p.m., of the Depression, including “Mi- An American 8 p.m. – 9 p.m. 2 p.m. – 3 p.m., 4 p.m. – 5 p.m. grant Mother,” and later of the Revolutionary in Paris Manzanar internment camp dur- 11 a.m. – 12 p.m., 1 p.m. – 2 p.m., President Franklin Delano Roos- On July 2, 1863 Colonel Joshua ing WWII. Her camera was a tool 3 p.m. – 4 p.m., 5 p.m. – 6 p.m. evelt and British Prime Minister Chamberlain and the 20th Maine “that teaches people to see with- developed a critical relationship were placed at the extreme left of out a camera.” To see them, meet Witness the violent birth of French during World War II. Come ex- the Union line at Gettysburg only at the Franklin Delano Roosevelt democracy through the eyes of plore this relationship, one that moments before the Confeder- Memorial. Contact Susan Phil- Thomas Jefferson, liberté’s most also included war time confer- ates attacked. Come walk through pott at 202-233-3520. passionate American spokesman, ences with Soviet Premier Joseph the fire of Little Roundtop with and the U.S. ambassador to France Stalin. Meet at the Franklin Dela- Chamberlain. Meet at the Lin- Thursday, July 8 coln Memorial. Contact Garrett Gettysburg, Vicksburg Radke at 202-233-3520. & Lincoln 8 p.m.-9 p.m. Saturday, July 3 Salute to the Minutemen The Battles of Gettysburg and 11 a.m. - 12 p.m. Vicksburg turned the tide for the Union Army. Find out how Presi- The soldiers who fought in the dent Lincoln reacted to these vic- came from tories, and how Ulysses S. Grant all backgrounds. Come learn became a household name while about the triumphs and disasters George Meade did not. Meet at of the citizen soldier as they came the Lincoln Memorial. Contact together from both of the devel- Paul O’Brian at 202-438-7066. oping regular army and the local militia united for a cause. Meet at Friday, July 9 the Thomas Jefferson Memorial. The Battle of Kursk Contact Michael DiPaolo at 202- 5 p.m.-6 p.m. 233-3520. The Battle of Kursk was the largest tank battle fought during World War II. It lasted from July 5 - 12,

2 National Mall Times no Roosevelt Memorial. Contact 202-438-7066. Paul O’Brian at 202-438-7066. Saturday, July 24 Thursday, July 15 Barbary Pirates and The Forgotten War America’s Second Navy – 1794 6 p.m. – 7 p.m. 6 p.m. – 7 p.m.

The Korean war: was it really a Learn how the new United States war, or just a conflict? It raged Navy was formed to protect trad- for three years yet many people ing vessels from Barbary Pirates are unfamiliar its details. Was it who were capturing American forgotten, unknown or simply ig- ships and crews. Meet at the 56 nored? Join us for a fascinating Signers of the Declaration of In- look at this time in our history. dependence Memorial. Contact Meet at the Korean War Veterans Marsha Barrett at 202-233-3520. Memorial. Contact Raul Naza- reno at 202-233-3520. Sunday, July 25 The Better Angels of our Nature Friday, July 16 11 a.m. – 12 p.m., 2 p.m. – 3 p.m., Born in The USA, 3 p.m. – 4 p.m. Revolutionary Roots Friday, July 16, 23, 30, ship and remembrance can be 10 a.m. – 11 a.m. In his inaugural address Abraham and August 6 found all over the city, yet their & 3 p.m. – 4 p.m. Lincoln spoke of a nation identi- Urban Campfire Programs stories have gone largely untold fied by the better angels of our na- 8:30 p.m. – 9:15 p.m. until now. Meet at the Thomas This program will discuss the ture. Inspired by this sentiment, Jefferson Memorial. Contact - Ja early lives and influences of our Joshua Lawrence Chamberlain As the sun sets on a day of visit- son Martz at 202-438-4391. founding fathers. These aristo- came to exemplify the ideals that ing the Nation’s Capital, join Na- crats were adamant in demanding this nation is founded upon. Meet tional Park Service rangers as we Sunday, July 11 their independence from Great at the Lincoln Memorial. Contact another season of Ur- The Union in Crisis: Part II Britain, but why? Meet at the Sur- Garrett Radke at 202-233-3520. ban Campfire programs on the 1 p.m. - 4 p.m. vey Lodge Ranger Station. Con- grounds of the majestic Washing- tact David Hoffman at 202-233- Wednesday July 28 ton Monument! This four-week This tour will cover the first two 3520. Civilian Conservation Corps session of programs will be pre- months of Lincoln’s presidency and the National Park Service sented with accompanying illus- starting with Lincoln’s inaugu- Friday, July 16 & 23 6:30 p.m. - 7:30 p.m. trations on a wide screen draping ration, through the firing on Ft. Thursday, July 29 the stage of the Sylvan Theater. Sumter, and culminating in Lin- Women In Wartime The Civilian Conservation Corps This summer’s theme is “Ranger coln’s concern for the defense- 6:30 p.m - 7 p.m. became Roosevelt’s most popular Grab Bag.” In other words, find less capital. Meet at the Thomas program. Learn how the CCC, in out what topics our talented rang- Jefferson Memorial. Contact Eric American women have served in addition to providing meaning- ers select when you arrive! The Pominville at 202-359-7040. wartime since the Revolution, in- ful work for young men without only thing that is not a mystery cluding Deborah Sampson who jobs during the Great Depres- is that these programs will be a Saturday, July 17 impersonated a man to join the sion, helped to improve our na- great way to cap off your day’s History of the Mall Continental Army. Come learn tional and state parks. Meet at the visit to National Mall and Me- 1 p.m. - 4 p.m. more about Sampson, other in- Franklin Delano Roosevelt Me- morial Parks! Meet at the Sylvan dividuals, and female units which morial. Contact Liz Cavanaugh at Theater. Contact Brad Berger at From ’s origi- became prevalent during World 202-233-3520. 202-438-4173. nal vision to the District of Co- War II. Meet at the World War II lumbia of today, how has this Memorial. Contact Victor Pillow Wednesday, July 28 span of green space in the heart of at 202-841-1774. Thomas L. Casey: The Man Bike Tours the Nation’s Capital been altered Who Finished the Monument over time? Come see how The Wednesday, July 21 1 p.m. – 2 p.m. Saturday, July 3 National Mall has evolved into Maya Lin History of the Mall what you experience today. Meet 6 p.m. – 7 p.m. Robert Mills designed the Wash- 1 p.m. - 4 p.m. at the Thomas Jefferson Memo- ington Monument but he died rial. Contact Jason Martz at 202- Come and hear about Maya Lin’s years before it was finished. It From George Washington’s origi- 438-4391. design of the Vietnam Memorial. fell to Thomas L. Casey to com- nal vision to the District of Co- Lin’s is perhaps most well known plete the job. Find out how he lumbia of today, how has this Sunday, July 18 for her first public commission, completed this monumental task. span of green space in the heart of All Rise! the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, Meet at the Washington Monu- the Nation’s Capital been altered 1 p.m. - 4 p.m. conceived of when she was still ment. Contact David Rappel at over time? Come see how The an undergraduate at Yale Univer- 202-359-1533. National Mall has evolved into The interpretation of the mean- sity. Meet at the Vietnam Veter- what you experience today. Meet ings and principles of the United ans Memorial. Contact Douglas Friday, July 30 at the Thomas Jefferson Memo- States Constitution are the ulti- Shriver at 202-233-3520. Warfare Under the Pacific rial. Contact Jason Martz at 202- mate authority of the Supreme 8 p.m.-9 p.m. 438-4391. Court. The history of the Su- Thursday, July 22 preme Court is the story of pow- Liberation of France During World War II submarine Sunday, July 4 erful personalities, incredible 8 p.m. – 9 p.m. warfare in the Pacific produced NO TOUR challenges, desperate conflicts, many defeats for the U.S. Navy. July 4 Festivities and great moments of social After the Allies landed in Nor- It was trial and error for some change. Meet at the Thomas Jef- mandy on June 6, 1944, German time before they became effective Saturday, July 10 ferson Memorial. Contact Jason forces doggedly fought to hold against the Japanese Merchant Off the Beaten Path Martz at 202-438-4391. them at bay. By July 25 Allied Navy. Find out what life was like 1 p.m. - 4 p.m. forces had only gained ten miles. aboard a U.S. submarine during Find out what happened when World War II. Meet at the World In a city full of colossal and iconic they were finally able to break out War II Memorial. Contact Paul memorials to great men and even of Normandy. Meet at the World O’Brian at 202-438-7066. greater deeds, these statues, urns, War II Memorial. Paul O’Brian at and symbolic gestures of friend- National Mall Times 3 Sunday, July 18 Saturday, July 10, 17, 24, 31 Family Bike Tour: The hunt is on! The search Vive la Revolucion: for symbols on the National Mall South America’s War for Freedom 2:30 p.m. – 4:30 p.m. 6 p.m. - 8 p.m.

Have you ever thought there might be some- Have you ever wondered why some of Lat- thing hidden inside the monuments and me- in America’s greatest leaders have statues in morials on the National Mall? If so, you’re the heart of the Nation’s capital? Join us for right! There are symbols, some in plain view, a guided tour of the memorials to the heroes others hidden, which are clues about the per- that helped liberate Latin America from Spain. son or event being memorialized that help Meet at the Foggy Bottom Metro Station. Con- visitors better understand the structure. You tact Michael Balis at 202-438-9710. just need to know where and what to look for. Meet at the Thomas Jefferson Memorial. Con- Sunday, July 11 tact Jason Martz at 202-438-4391 to make res- Secrets of the ervations. 1 p.m. – 3 p.m.

Saturday, July 24 The Washington Monument Grounds hold as A Liquid Look at American History much fascination for the history explorer as the 1 p.m. - 4 p.m. Monument itself. Discover what lies beneath the surface, figuratively and literally, as we ex- Join park rangers on a bike tour to find out how plore the history and mystery of the Washing- whiskey rebellions, temperance movements ton Monument Grounds. Meet at the Paddle and Coca-Cola during the Cold War had a role Boat Parking Lot (near the concession stand.) in creating and shaping America and its cul- Contact Michael Kelly at 202-359-2662. ture. And it all started with a cup of tea. Meet at the Thomas Jefferson Memorial. Contact Ja- Sunday, July 11, 18, 25 son Martz at 202-438-4391. Holocaust: Remembrance and Repetition? 6 p.m. – 8 p.m. Sunday, July 25 Walt Whitman’s Washington The year 1945 marked the end World War II 1 p.m. - 4 p.m. and its death camps. Or is it only a pause in time before that industry of death resurfaces? Although mainly associated with New York We will discuss these matters at this memori- How to Visit City, Walt Whitman spent over a decade in al and sites nearby. WARNING: CONTENT Washington, D.C. Many of Whitman’s years AND PHOTOS GRAPHIC, may not be ap- the Washington were spent nursing the wounded and dying propriate for children. Meet at the World War soldiers during the Civil War. We will also dis- II Memorial. Contact Lowell Fry at 202-438- Monument cuss how this work influenced his book of Civ- 9603. il War poetry, Drum Taps. Meet at the Thomas Jefferson Memorial. Contact Jason Martz at Sunday, July 18 202-438-4391. Chit-Chat Run - Fighting For Freedom ashington Monument admission 8 a.m. - 9 a.m. Wis free, but does require a ticket Saturday, July 31 for everyone over the age of two. Open dai- The Bonus March The story of America is one of bringing defi- ly except July 4 and December 25. 1 p.m. - 4 p.m. nition to an ideal through the founding ideals of Freedom and Equality. Come explore this Timed entry tickets are required and The Bonus Expeditionary Force contained journey as we seek to find our place in histo- may be obtained in two ways: disaffected war veterans who demanded early ry. The run is approximately 3.5 miles. Please payment of their war service bonuses. Order bring your own water. Meet at the Washington 1. The Washington Monument Lodge, lo- degenerated into chaos, the Army responded Monument. Contact Susan Martin at 202-437- cated along 15th Street, opens at 8:30 to calls to preserve the peace, and the coun- 1888. a.m. for distribution of free, same day, try awaited the outcome. The reputation of an timed tickets on a first come, first served American president ranked among the casu- Saturday, July 31 basis. One person may pick up as many alties of that summer clash while the stock of An Evening with a Park Ranger as six tickets as well as select their pre- a man seeking that office rose immeasurably. 6 p.m. – 9 p.m. ferred ticket time from what remains Meet at the Thomas Jefferson Memorial. Con- available for that operating day. tact Jason Martz at 202-438-4391. Spend an evening with a ranger and tour the 2. Reserved tickets may be obtained in ad- mall as you learn more about its history, monu- vance by visiting www.recreation.gov or ments, and memorials. Bring water and a flash- by calling 1-877-444-6777 (for individu- Walking Tours light. Meet at the Thomas Jefferson Memorial. als) or 1-877-559-6777 (for large groups). a n d R u n n i n g Contact Kathy Kagle at 202-438-5377. Reserved tickets are often booked 30 days or more ahead of time. Please plan Friday, July 2, 9 accordingly. All reserved tickets carry a Tuesday, July 13 $1.50 convenience charge. Wednesday, July 21 Summer Hours: 9 a.m. - 10 p.m. Thursday, July 29 Monday, May 31 - Monday, September 6 A Day with a Ranger 10 a.m. - mid afternoon Rest of Year: 9 a.m. - 5 p.m. Spend the day with your very own park ranger and learn about the history and architecture of the National Mall from A to Z. The tour ends National Mall and Memorial Parks on the grounds of the Washington Monument Cell Phone Tours (entrance not included). Bring comfortable shoes and water. Meet at the Thomas Jefferson Lincoln Memorial: 202-747-3420 Memorial. Contact Brad Berger at 202-438- First Amendment: 202-595-0085 4173. Cherry Blossom Festival: 202-747-3465

4 National Mall Times Korean War Veteran Ayad from page 1 “Mother said, ‘Julia, you would rather go work in that operating room than go to a party.’” “Yes... I would.” Julia C. Baxter, MASH Nurse “I was not cut-out to be a secretary!” Theresa “Sue” Sousa, “I still don’t know why they went into Luzon, Philippines. That’s Architectural student/Secretary- where my brother died, January 1945.” To honor her brother, Julia, construction crew manager Operating Room Supervisor, enlisted March 1945. Too young to join her brothers in WWII, Sue joined a Marine reserve unit, 1949. By “I don’t think we can imagine it.” Caring for Americans, International 1951 Sue was delivering mail throughout Forces, and POWs there might be “a thousand wounded laying in the Camp Pendleton (California), including yard.” “But we were young and happy. We just accepted what came the movie set for WWII film, The Flying along. We worked as much as we could.” Twelve hours on and twelve Leathernecks, starring John Wayne. Always off gave them a bit more time for chores and eating, “but time didn’t accompanied by friends, she became “the make a difference; we were on call 24 hours a day.” most popular girl on the base.” On her first visit to the Korean War Veterans Memorial Julia, pregnant, reluctantly left the Army in 1959. Now 90, she says, “I she noted, “It was a misty morning, about loved my years in the military. I traveled. I met my husband. I can’t daybreak. I saw the Marines and felt like I ask for more than that.” was there, walking with them. I studied their faces, the movement portrayed.” Sue added, “If it was war, it was a war! Our boys were getting killed over there… I knew some of them.” “I told my girlfriend we could make wedding plans and that I wasn’t going overseas. The field First Sgt. had told me so, and in the Army they were like GOD. My future mother-in-law said, ‘Oh, you can’t trust Louis Gasparini, infantryman, 1952 soon to be a truck driver on the Army.’” Okinawa. “How I remember those Lou was told he would be on special assignment -intelligence, on Okinawa- was instead a heavy hot Korean days and weapons rifleman in Korea. “I learned you did what you were told to do.” Lou, first time guard, the bitter cold…Again green, scared, cold, and too fearful to fall asleep, thought he saw movement and took a shot. “Soon everyone was shooting. Boy, did I get my ass chewed out. But, that was better than feeling guilty” if I will hear the cries of a buddy had been killed. The night of the armistice Lou remembered his friend, killed in action,” I battle and thunder of heard taps playing in the distance...I cried, and thanked God for keeping me safe.” He left Okinawa a mechanic, returned and married his girlfriend. artillery shells, And “Only problem was back here. Overseas we were integrated. But, back in good ol’ America it was segregated.” stand among Our Last National Park Service Ranger Gil Lyons, Patrol as they go forward into hell.” Washington, D.C. native, wireman- Korea, Sam Fielder, Poet Iron Triangle

“There were no ponchos. Men froze to death. We wore long johns under summer pants and sometimes peed on You were my teenage love when we were in high school… our fingers” to ward off frostbite. Then I went off and fought a war and you went back to school... We each found a brand new love and went our separate ways... “The Chinese wanted the high ground, but we were Then you lost him and I lost her to the same disease… determined they wouldn’t get it.” In hand to hand Then one night I walked into the County Fair combat Gil was bayoneted. He shows me the scar and curls his hand, as though holding his weapon. “He And you took my breath away when I saw you sitting there… wasn’t the only one I killed.” Sweetheart of the fifties, I’m back in love with you… Sweetheart of the nineties, I’ll stay in love with you!” Back in Richmond, California, Gil recalls being denied service at a restaurant, “Some of my white friends left Sam Fielder, Farmer-Poet-Artilleryman/Korean War, with me and others stayed... I was back home.” to his wife Doris “My men are not pretty.” Frank Gaylord - World War II veteran and Sculptor

The statues, like the men he knew, are “combat men, trained to face the enemy personally. They get up in the morning and go into attack or defend from attack. They must endure the hideous realities of intense fear, blood and death.”

Frank met his girlfriend Hilda about 6 years ago. He had known “about” her for a long time, but it wasn’t till his wife of 56 years and her husband of 48 years died that they met. They reminisce about the area where they have spent their lives; he close to the stone he carved and she close to her childhood Sam Fielder with his image on the home. As we go for lunch, he waits on her to fetch Korean War Veterans Memorial her jacket and speak a few words with a neighbor. While we wait he recites, from memory, a sonnet of Shakespeare.

Frank Gaylord with one of his soldiers “I feel guilty and indebted since I watched your death come to you on that snowy afternoon in Belgium so long ago. Thank you Bobby, for my family,Frank my house Gaylord on the hill, and my grandchildren. It might have been me standing there.”

National Mall Times 5 “We...solemnly Publish and Declare, that these United Colonies are, and of Right ought to be, Free and Independent States.”

- Declaration of Independence

On July 4, 1776, the Second adopted these words, and a new nation was born. This new nation promised to secure the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness for each and every one of its citizens. “In order to form a more perfect Union...and secure the blessings of liberty,” for itself and its posterity, the United States of America established a republican form of government to fulfill that promise. Today, America continues to uphold its ideals and is a symbol of freedom and democracy for the entire world.

Join us this Fourth of July in celebrating America’s 234th birthday in the Nation’s Capital. Nowhere else is this celebration as significant as in the place where our treasured memorials embody America’s ideals and where our country’s representative institutions fulfill America’s promise. We celebrate 234 years of independence and the continuing promise of freedom.

6 National Mall Times 2010 Independence Day Celebration

Sunday, July 4, 2010 Following the fireworks, avoid National Mall and Memorial and Jane Monheit walking along Independence Parks Superintendent, Mr. • 9:00 p.m. until 9:10 p.m. Avenue, SW between Daniel John Piltzecker. Also, be sure Patriotic music All events are FREE! Chester French Drive, SW to look for military marching • 9:10 p.m. until 9:27 and 17th Street, SW, until platoons, the U.S. Army National p.m. Fireworks display safety teams clear the area of Guard marching band, and accompanied by musical Fireworks potentially harmful fireworks the Louisburg Area High selections. debris. School Marching Band (PA), 9:10 p.m. - 9:27 p.m. the Marching Dragons. Come A Capitol Fourth Concert Arrive early in the day to claim help the National Park Service The optimum viewing areas for your viewing spot and avoid the celebrate this time-honored A Capitol Fourth Concert the fireworks will be at a distance last minute rush. tradition in the heart of the from the launch site (Lincoln nation’s capital. It is a patriotic, on the Memorial Reflecting Pool). flag-waving, horn-tootin’, red- Grounds will be presented arade These areas include: P white-and-blue celebration of during the evening of July 4, America’s liberty. 2010, featuring the National National Mall and U.S. Capitol Symphony Orchestra. Lincoln Memorial Memorial Parks oncerts National Mall between 14th Independence Day Parade C Street and 3rd Street Road Closures The United States Navy Franklin Delano Roosevelt Begins at 11:45 a.m., and Memorial Band along with special Numerous roads will be closed lasts approximately two Thomas Jefferson Memorial guest artist Jane Monheit and there will be multiple hours. The Ellipse will provide the musical checkpoints in and around the entertainment on the park. Please plan accordingly. Washington Monument Benjamin Banneker Park The 2010 Independence Day For the most up to Parade celebrates the 234th Grounds beginning at date information, visit birthday of the United States 6:00 p.m. and concluding U.S. Marine Corps War our National Mall Memorial (Iwo Jima) of America. The parade at 9:10 p.m. Independence Day George Washington Memorial participants march westward Parkway across the Potomac along from • 6:00 p.m. until 7:30 p.m. The Celebration website at... River in Virginia. 7th Street to 17th Street, NW. Navy Band Concert Band/Sea If you choose to view the The parade will consist of over Chanters Chorus/Cruiser’s fireworks near the launch site sixty units featuring national Rhythm www.nps.gov/foju (Lincoln Memorial Reflecting personalities, floats, marching • 7:30 p.m. until 8:00 p.m. Pool): bands, giant helium balloons, The National Park Service or call for favorite costumed characters, will provide an Interpretive Event Information Consider wearing eye protection and unique specialty groups. Vignette entitled “Stars and and ear plugs Leading the parade this year will Stripes Forever!” Remain outside the fenced safety be the National Park Service • 8:00 p.m. until 9:00 p.m. The 202-747-3467 zones around the launch site. recycling team and the new Commodores (Navy Band)

National Mall Times 7 Park Projects Beginning this summer and ex- the south side, new street lights, and potable water would only be used as trian flow across the grounds. Sche- tending over the next few years are a a new storm water drainage system. a last choice. A facility for filtering/ matic designs are being prepared. number of construction projects in Portions of travel lane work could be- recirculating water will be located in Construction is scheduled to be com- the park. The following projects will gin earlier. The project is scheduled the U.S. Park Police stables area. A pleted by October 2014. repair, rehabilitate, or build anew for 2014, but it could be accelerated construction contract is scheduled to some of the Nation’s most treasured under the American Recovery and be awarded in late summer 2010, with J — Washington Monument destinations. The National Park Ser- Reinvestment Act of 2009. construction beginning by the end of Permanent Security Improvements. vice (NPS) appreciates your contin- 2010 and expected to be completed Completed in 2007, this project re- ued support as we strive to improve D — Potomac Park Levee Proj- by November 2012. configured the grounds of the Wash- the condition of our park sites. ect. The National Park Service, in ington Monument to create a vehicle Please note: projects may be sub- cooperation with U.S. Army Corps F — D.C. War Memorial. Reha- barrier system around the monument ject to closures and/or parking con- of Engineers and the National Capi- bilitation of the D. C. War Memorial while maintaining pedestrian flow straints and duration of projects is es- tal Planning Commission, has evalu- is being funded by the American Re- across the grounds. Work included timated. ated three action alternatives and a covery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. site walls, sidewalks and plaza, new no-action alternative to improve the The project has been approved, the flagpoles, lighting, irrigation, utility A — Ohio Drive Roadwork. reliability of river flood protection contract has been awarded, and res- work, and rehabilitation of Monu- The project will repair and resur- provided by the Potomac Park levee toration is expected to begin in late ment Lodge. Schematic design based face the travel lanes on Ohio Drive system to a portion of the monumen- summer 2010 and last until June 2011. on the previously approved con- from 23rd c e p t u a l Street and d e s i g n s Indepen- for a per- dence Av- m a n e n t enue to screening the Con- facility is stitution underway A v e n u e and work belvedere, is sched- and it will uled to be r e a l i g n completed the road by July 30, by two 2012. feet to d e v e l o p K a wider, — Madi- s a f e r , son Drive multipur- R o a d - pose trail w o r k . where it Madison p a s s e s Drive will under Ar- be milled l i n g t o n and re- M e m o - p a v e d . rial Bridge R e s u r - a n d facing is Pa rk way scheduled D r i v e . to begin The proj- July 5, ect will 2010, and add new be com- g r a n i t e p l e t e d curbs and S e p t e m - a concrete ber 30, sidewalk 2010. on the riv- er side of L — the street, National reset the granite cobble sidewalk tal core and downtown Washington G — Martin Luther King, Jr. Mall Wayfinding and New Pedes- on the memorial side of the street, D.C. Without adequate flood pro- Memorial. A national memorial to trian Guides. The National Mall and and install a new storm water drain- tection measures, several downtown Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. will be Memorial Parks has been selected for age system. Construction was begun locations, including portions of the built on a 4-acre site on the northwest the NPS Centennial Initiative, and the in April 2010 and is scheduled to be monumental core, portions of Penn- corner of the . Construc- first project is for park signage and completed in October 2010. sylvania and Constitution avenues, tion is underway and expected to be graphics. The Trust for the National and other public and private facili- completed by October 2011. After Mall is providing matching funds B — Vietnam Veterans Memo- ties south of the U.S. Capitol to Fort construction, the National Park Ser- (NPS 2008b). The project, which is rial Center. The underground center McNair, are at risk of flooding from vice will maintain and operate the underway, will develop and update a will be west of the Vietnam Veterans a major (100-year plus) flood event. memorial. sign system for all National Mall and Memorial along 23rd Street NW. It Construction of a levee closure struc- Memorial Parks, which will include will affect circulation and visitor- ex ture for 17th Street is scheduled to H — Thomas Jefferson Memo- pedestrian wayfinding signs and di- periences in the vicinity of Lincoln begin in October 2010 and be com- rial Plaza and Seawall Rehabilita- rectories; identification signs for park Circle and Henry Bacon Drive from pleted by October 2011. tion. The National Park Service is areas; orientation, information, and 21st to 23rd streets. Surveys are un- continuing to work on repairing the map locations; general information derway and the project is in concept E — Lincoln Memorial Securi- seawalls near the plaza. Construction signs; park rules and regulations; tem- design. ty and Reflecting Pool Area. A new is being funded by the American Re- porary signs; and interactive signs. project that includes a permanent covery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The coordinated sign plan has been C — Constitution Avenue security barrier along with repairs Construction began in spring 2010 reviewed and approved by U.S. Com- Roadwork. Constitution Avenue to the reflecting pool, the lower ap- to stabilize and repair the seawalls. mission of Fine Arts and the National roadwork will repair and resurface proachway, and elm walkways is be- Work is expected to be completed by Capital Planning Commission, and the travel lanes and add a concrete ing funded by the American Recovery June 2011. the first phases for the Mall are sched- lane for bus drop-offs from 17th to and Reinvestment Act of 2009. De- uled to be installed summer 2010. 19th streets, as well as provide new signs have been approved. Rather I — Thomas Jefferson Memo- granite curbs, curb cuts, new concrete than using potable water to fill the rial Permanent Security Improve- M — Eisenhower National Me- sidewalks on both sides of the street, pool, water from the Tidal Basin will ments. This project will create a morial. The Dwight D. Eisenhower concrete walks connecting bus drop- be used, with backup excess water vehicle barrier system around the Memorial Commission is in the plan- offs to the main east-west sidewalk on from the World War II Memorial; memorial while maintaining pedes- ning stages to create an Eisenhower

8 National Mall Times National Memorial. The approved nels under the National Mall. This site is directly south of the National approach would help meet the goals National Mall Plan Update Air and Space Museum, between of Executive Order 13514 “Federal 4th and 6th streets SW, and Inde- Leadership in Environmental, En- Since 2006 the park has been other materials at www.nps.gov/na- pendence Avenue SW and C Street ergy, and Economic Performance” preparing a plan to envision and de- tionalmallplan. SW (Dwight D. Eisenhower Memo- to reduce the use of potable water fine the future of the National Mall. rial Commission 2006). by 26% by 2020. Since the National We are nearing the The plan sets a practical, am- Mall is the highest user of potable end of the process. bitious but achievable vision for a N — American Veterans Dis- water within the national park sys- During spring 2010 sustainable National Mall where abled for Life Memorial. The Na- tem, this is an important goal. the National Park visitors feel welcomed and proud tional Park Service and the Disabled Service (NPS) has of this space that symbolizes our Veterans’ Life Memorial Founda- Visitor Transportation been respond- nation. The plan is important be- tion have proposed siting a national Routes. A Visitor Transportation ing to public cause the level and kinds of use the memorial for disabled veterans at Study for the National Mall was comments re- National Mall receives today could Washington Avenue and 2nd Street completed February 5, 2010, when ceived on the not have even been imagined in SW, near the National Mall. The a “Finding of No significant Im- Draft Nation- plans (1791, 1901, 1930s and even National Capital Planning Com- pact” was signed. The system would al Mall Plan. A 1970s). As planning began there was mission approved this site in August offer more frequent service to Na- final 2-volume more than $450 million in repairs 2001. The memorial will consist tional Mall destinations, improved plan incorpo- needed, and those repairs did not of a grove of trees and a reflecting connections to public transit, and rating changes address needed improvements to pool. Stone and glass walls will en- links to public transportation. The and respond- meet the high level of use. The wear close the site and define pathways. National Park Service has begun ing to com- and tear resulting from more than discussion with the city and public ments will 25 million visits contributes to the Mall Soil and Turf Study transportation providers about po- be issued deterioration of the historic land- (ongoing.) In 2010, at the direc- tential partnerships to implement this sum- scape and its vistas; results in lack of tion of the Secretary of the Inte- transportation proposals. mer. After basic and convenient services such rior Ken Salazar, a study has been a thirty day as restrooms, water and food; and undertaken to restore soil and turf Rehabilitation of McPher- period the the need for improved information, on the central Mall panels. A con- son Park. The rehabilitation of this NPS can com- access and circulation. sultant design team familiar with park includes the replacement of all plete planning The National Mall is the heart sports field development has devel- sidewalks in the park, as well as the with a Record of the area where citizens and oth- oped a proposal to remove about irrigation system, benches, drinking of Decision. ers learn about American values, de- 2 feet of soil and replace it with a fountains, trash receptacles, street- You can read mocracy and culture. The National compaction-resistant but drainable light system along the interior side- more about Mall is the primary civic space for soil system. Turf panels would be walks, and plant material other than planning our nation where we gather for re- crowned for good drainage. The trees. Located on 15th St. between I or ac- curring annual national celebrations project includes the development St. and K St. Construction is sched- c e s s and express our First Amendment of a durable irrigation system that uled from August 2010 - June 2011. t h e rights. Its memorials are symbols of uses captured rainwater stored in p l a n our nation. The National Mall, the underground cisterns. The system a n d adjacent U.S. Capitol, White House would also seek to use groundwater & President’s Park, museums and currently being removed from tun- federal buildings belong to us all.

Eastern National Bookstores Park Concessionaires Guest Services, Inc. manages all retail operations for National Mall and Memorial Parks. This includes refreshment kiosks and gift stores throughout the park. They also operate the following recreational opportunities...

Tidal Basin Paddle Boats 202-479-2426 www.tidalbasinpaddleboats.com National Mall and Memorial Parks is a very inspiring and powerful place, but your experience does not have to end in Washington, D.C. East Potomac Tennis Center Continue learning more about park sites and American history by 202-554-5962 visiting the many Eastern National bookstores throughout the park. www.eastpotomactennis.com Capture the moment, take home a book, and explore the ideas and values that make visiting National Mall and Memorial Parks such a stirring experience. Eastern National, a park partner, operates four Tourmobile bookstores located at: Sightseeing provides live, narrated shuttle Washington Monument Lodge tours with hop on/ 8:30 a.m. - 10 p.m. hop off service. You choose where to stop, Lincoln Memorial stay as long as you 9 a.m. - 8 p.m. want, then reboard and ride to another historic Thomas Jefferson Memorial location. Purchase 8 a.m. - 8 p.m. your tickets directly from the driver at any tour stop or any seasonal ticket booth. Franklin Delano Adults: $27.00 Roosevelt Memorial Children 3-11: $13.00 9 a.m. - 8 p.m. Washington Monument Lodge 202-554-5100 www.tourmobile.com www.easternnational.org National Mall Times 9 The Washington Monument: A Tribute to the Revolution

By Ranger Jan Buerger plans for a Monument bogged down. Mem- foot tall obelisk, representing the Nation’s lofty bers abandoned the statuary concept opining ideals, rising from a circular neoclassical base, What could be more spectacular than that they would never design a monument that was chosen. The base was to house a pantheon Independence Day fireworks around the could measure up to their memory of the man. of statues including Washington and the sign- Washington Monument? Congress intended ers of the Declaration of Independence. Con- the Monument to be a tribute to the Revolu- gress approved the site in time for the Society tion and to the universal ideals behind our In- to lay the corner stone on July 4th, 1848. Later dependence. This year, we celebrate the 125th that year, the Society solicited memorial stones anniversary of the Monument’s dedication in for the interior; stones arrived to honor Wash- 1885. ington and other heroes of the Revolutionary As the leader of the Continental Army, era, like Joseph George Washington carefully considered the Warren, General timing of his orders. For example, his order Henry Knox, Na- that ended the Revolution was issued on April thaniel Greene 19th 1783, the anniversary of the Battles of and John Stark. Lexington and Concord. His first order, how- When the monu- ever, had no precedent. On July 4th 1775, he ment was finally Memorial stone to General Henry Knox mandated the unity of the colonial militias to dedicated it stood symbolize the ideals for which they fought. over 555 feet tall Abraham Lincoln later argued that Washing- and was the tallest structure built up to that ton’s troops did not survive crossing the Dela- point in history. ware just to establish their own rights; rather, worried that no one would they fought and died for something larger than remember what his generation had achieved. themselves. Lincoln recognized that Washing- The early history of the Monument suggests ton had made the nation a symbol of that lar- otherwise. Many then knew the Monument gess. needed to be the reminder of that era, and this At the end of the American Revolution is still true today, though the pantheon was in 1783, Congress resolved to build a National never realized. Congress voted on the Decla- Monument to Washington at the seat of the ration of Independence (July 4th 1776) a year new federal government: an equestrian statue to the day after Washington’s order articulated on a base depicting four major events of the Robert Mills’s original design for the Washington Monument its universal ideals (July 4th 1775) and we cel- Revolution. After the of 1790 ebrate Independence on that day. This July we established Washington, D.C. as the Federal The concept of a Monument to the Rev- celebrate both our independence and a center- City, architect Peter L’Enfant designed it with olution persisted and in 1833 the Washington piece of the 392-unit National Park system that a place for the Monument at its center. De- National Monument Society formed to achieve is more than a miracle of engineering. cades passed while Congressional debates on that goal. In 1836 Robert Mills’ design of a 600-

The Care and Preservation of the D.C. War Memorial

By Ranger Michael Kelly thirteen years earlier, at the eleventh hour of document the memorial’s architecture, history, the eleventh day of the eleventh month. That construction, dedication, and refurbishment “The deathless story of heroic deeds “deathless story of heroic deeds done” by recommendations. The resulting Historic District of Columbia men and women in the American Buildings Survey drawings, Historic done…” Great War was engraved in white marble for Structure Report & Cultural Landscape all succeeding generations to read. Ever since Assessment, and Cultural Landscape Inventory -President , that day, time has taken its toll on the D.C. War report all provided a firm basis from which to November 11, 1931 Memorial. This summer, the National Mall develop a sound and Memorial Parks will initiate a restoration o p e r a t i o n a l effort based on years of study and practice. plan. Limited funds delayed a complete D.C. War Memorial restoration but park staff has diligently pursued efforts toward fulfillment of the service’s preservation mission. Working with the Volunteers-In-Parks program, the Divisions of Interpretation & Education and Maintenance sponsored memorial washing, tree grove pruning, and trash removal days Micro-abrasive cleaning from 2001 to 2004. The Division of Cultural Resource Management replaced a non- In 2009, the park ranked the D.C. War functioning lighting system in 2003 and later Memorial restoration high on its priorities re-pointed the marble blocks in the steps, base, list and received $7.3 million dollars from the and outer . Two interpretive wayside American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. panels were installed in 2004 and the park The first of three project phases will begin worked with contractors from 2005 to 2009 to in August 2010. Soiling, stains, and calcium D.C. War Memorial deposits will be removed with water-mist and micro-abrasive cleaning methods, then cracks, One might stand again at a refurbished spalling, and separations will be repaired and the District of Columbia War Memorial on a stonework re-pointed. The second component summer evening and hear patriotic strains of will be the reestablishment of the sylvan setting “The Star-Spangled Banner” and “Stars and for band concerts through maintenance of the Stripes Forever.” An American President stood overhead tree canopy and removal of non- here on Armistice Day in 1931 amidst those historic shrubbery and ground covering. The same melodies to utter eloquent words about those who had fought and died for country Kelly Continued on page 12 in a horrific conflict that knew its end exactly Water mist cleaning 10 National Mall Times i s’ K d Col um n

56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence Memorial

Visitors come to the National Mall to see memorials, but many will leave without ever seeing a memorial in honor of the men who signed the Declaration of Independence. Tucked away on an island in , between the Vietnam Veterans Memorial and the World War II Memorial, sits a simple stone memorial, with each signer’s name, hometown, occupation, and signature (left.) By putting their names on the Declaration of Independence, these men risked their lives. In July of 1776, the American Revolution had only been going on for a year, and no one knew how it would end. For colonists to speak out against their own government, the British, during a war, could have terrible consequences for those that signed. But these men felt independence was worth that risk.

Explore the Memorial to the 56 Signers of the Declaration of Independence with Memorial Bingo! This memorial was dedicated in 1984. The idea came after the United States celebrated its bicentennial in 1976 Memorial Bingo and felt Washington D.C. needed a memorial to honor the Declaration signers. This area is known as How Many Signers Name One Signer What was Constitution Gardens, (right) a park Were There? From South ’s created in the 1970s, so people in the Carolina occupation? city could have a place to enjoy nature. At one time, this area would have been home to numerous government office buildings (below.) Which signer has On the document, Which colony had his own memorial who had the the most signers? near the Tidal largest signature? Basin?

What 3 things did What date is Find the last these men pledge associated with name of the 2 to each other? the Declaration? signers who were brothers.

Unfortunately, around the Fourth of July, the holiday that honors these men, the memorial falls within the firework safety zone. The area may be closed off for a few days around the holiday, so make sure to come back and visit another day.

Can you solve this month’s ? Mall Mystery? ?How many memorial stones are inside the ? Washington Monument?

Go to the Survey Lodge Ranger Station with the ? correct answers to receive your prize! ?

National Mall Times 11 Message from the “Monuments, and reservations, which Old Post OfficeT ower Superintendent purpose is to conserve the scenery and the he Old Post Office, natural and historic objects and the wildlife Tbuilt between 1892 and therein and to provide for the enjoyment 1899, is home to the Bells uly is a great time of the same in such manner and by such of Congress, which were a to experience J means as will leave them unimpaired for the gift from England on our your national park. enjoyment of future generations.” Nation’s Bicentennial. Our ranger staff From the observation deck, presents interpretive National Park Service Organic Act located 270 feet above the p r o g r a m s street level, the visitor can throughout the park August 25, 1916 get a spectacular view of including park-wide our Nation’s Capital. walking tours and shorter detailed Operating Hours programs of each Potomac Nature Packs

memorial. Birds, Bugs and Trees, OH MY! Summer: Memorial Day To learn more through Labor Day about the future of iscover the wild side of the National Mall the National Mall, with nature packs designed to engage the D Monday through Saturday visit the National entire family. Each pack is filled with a sketch 9 a.m. - 7:45 p.m. Mall Plan website, pad, binoculars, books, park brochures, maps, Sunday and Holidays www.nps.gov/ and activities for the whole family. These self- 10 a.m. - 5:45 p.m. nationalmallplan guided nature packs allow the whole family to request. Call 202-606-8691 for to read current put on their Eagle eyes, and explore the unbe- more information. Winter: Labor Day through a l t e r n a t i v e s , leaf-able sights and sounds of the National Memorial Day express ideas, and Mall! For Whom the Bell Tolls: The follow our progress. Packs are available at the Survey Lodge Washington Ringing Society Monday through Saturday Page through Ranger Station near the southwest corner of and the Bells of Congress 9 a.m. - 4:45 p.m. this newspaper the Washington Monument grounds. Packs Sunday and Holidays to find out more are available on a first come, first served basis, First Thursday of every month 10 a.m. - 5:45 p.m. about the many and require an adult’s drivers license. One 6:45 p.m. fascinating ranger pack per family. Call 202-426-6841 for more 202-606-8691 programs offered information. The art of change ringing throughout the www.nps.gov/opot goes back to the Middle Ages, park. Our park and you can experience it first- staff and volunteers Ranger led walking tours of hand at the Old Post Office will be glad to Tower! To learn more about the answer any of your systematic ringing of the Bells of questions. Thanks Upon Request: Congress, join members of the for visiting, and Saturdays and Sundays Washington Ringing Society the have a wonderful 11 a.m. & 1 p.m. first Thursday of each month for experience at a full explanation of the Bells of National Mall and Join a park ranger for an Congress, why they are here, and Memorial Parks. interpretive program to learn how they work. The program more about one of Washington, will be followed by their weekly Superintendent D.C.’s more impressive and practice session. Call 202-606- John Piltzecker fascinating landmarks, the Old 8691 for more information. Post Office Tower. Tours are by

Kelly Continued from page 10 sustainable, granite approaches. posted on the park website starting the D.C. War Memorial. Here, all The project also includes this fall. future generations will visit and final element will be the replacement of the decorative The long decades of remember the “deathless story of rehabilitation of the historic floor plate and reintroduction of silence appear to be ending. The heroic deeds done” by previous bluestone paving around the historic lighting features of the perfect harmony of Sousa’s notes, generations, including ours. the memorial base and the inner dome using modern, energy- concertgoers’ murmurs, birds’ replacement of the non-historic efficient bulbs and light strips. chirps, and locusts’ calls again parallel walkways with wider, more Progress will be documented and may enliven a summer evening at

Be sure to visit the updated Lincoln Memorial website! http://www.nps.gov/linc

ighlights include a new Lincoln HMemorial Construction Flipbook and an Interactive Site. The flipbook utilizes historic photographs to tell the story of the memorial construction from inception to completion. You can experience a virtual walk-through of the memorial, and listen to ranger reflections of the memorial and its history on the Interactive Site.

12 National Mall Times