Today’s Objectives

• To learn what the US National Grid is. • To understand its importance. • To have a basic understanding of how: – Locate a destination. – Provide a location.

Without WHERE, You Have No Response! US National Grid

• More interoperable environment. • It resembles the Military Grid Reference System (MGRS). When the WGS 84 datum or NAD83 datum is used, USNG and MGRS coordinates are "equivalent" • In addition, it has the advantage of being easily plotted on USGS topographic and other properly gridded maps by using a simple "read right and then up" convention. • The coordinates are easily translated to distance as they are actually in meters rather than the more complex degree based increments of latitude and longitude. Thus the distance between two coordinates can quickly be determined in the field. • Adopted by FDEM in the CEMP, taught in Firefighter II, etc. • Not to replace but enhance other products.

4 Why the U.S. National Grid?

10 Please note, there are many ways to describe a location with coordinates.

The US National Grid being discussed here is just one of them. •U.S. National Grid

7 Wide Impact Area

8 Latitude / Longitude

• DD -85.990151, 30.272240 • DM -85 59.409089, 30.16.334386 • DMS 85 59’24.545”W, 30 16’20.063”N

• All the same location. Urban Grid Chaos Multiple Names for the Same Road

3M Complex, Maplewood, MN

475 acres,One Address!50 Buildings Addition of Streets to Centerline No House – No Address

Ability to Delete Features Computer Aided Dispatch Data Can Be Bad Try Finding 23/24 ½ St. using a GPS, Google, whatever! Non-Standard Grids Problems & Impact

Same street names, but different grids.

A Survey of Washington, DC Commercial Street Maps Found 35 different maps… … with 31 different grids. None worked with GPS receivers. Universal Transverse Mercator

• Developed by the US Army in the 1940’s. • Positions on the earth is referenced in the UTM system by the UTM zone and the easting and northing coordinate pair. • Abbreviated as UTM.

19 Military Grid Reference System

• Is the geocoordinate standard used by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) for locating points on earth. • Is derived from the UTM grid system but uses different labeling convention.

20 US National Grid

• Practically identical to MGRS • Difference is the datum – MGRS uses WGS84 while the USNG uses NAD 83.

21 A Standardization Concept - U.S. National Grid How to read the USNG… U UTM/USNG Grid Zone Designations 48°N 126° 120° 114° 108° 102° 96° 90° 84° 78° 72° 66° T 40°N S

32°N 18S R 24°N 10 11 19 12 17 18 08/27/98 13 14 15 16 Jefferson Pier: 18S UJ 2337 0651 (NAD 83) MGRS Grid Zone Designations USNG

• Easily scaleable

• Pin-point and cell based locational reporting

• “Grid within a Grid” Jefferson Pier: U.S.National Grid 78°W 18S UJ 2337 0651 100,000m Square Identification GZD: 17T GZD: 18T GZD: 17S GZD: 18S 6 00 700 300 400 44 4400 00

PD QD TJ UJ 500 4300 4300

NC PC QC TH UH VH 300 4 4200 00 4200 KB LB MB NB PB QB TG UG VG 4100 4100 KA LA MA NA PA QA TF UF VF

40 00 40 300 4 00 00 500 6 4 00 700 300 00

Grid Zone Designation Grid Zone Designation 18S 17S 78°W Florida Designator

26 Anatomy of a USNG Coordinate

27 Truncate for locality

Just like you don’t have to dial an area code to make a local call…

The Grid Zone designation and 100,000 meter designation may be dropped locally… Truncate for less accuracy…

66000 64820

66000 64820 Locates within 1 meter

6600 6482 Locates within 10 meters

660 648 Locates within 100 meters

66 64 Locates within 1000 meters Review

• Grid Zone 17R • 100,000m 17R NJ • 4 digit = 1,000m 17R NJ 72 65 • 6 digit = 100m 17R NJ 726 657 • 8 digit = 10m 17R NJ 7262 6578

• RIGHT (Easting) - UP (Northing)

USNG Global Positioning Systems • I have GPS…why do I need to care about any of this? – USNG can be used with GPS – GPS supplements USNG – However, USNG can also work when GPS won’t

Practice: Location of Jefferson Memorial

32 Sackville - Locate Aero Beacon

33 Sackville - Locate Center of Airfield

34 Practice Session

35 Practice Session

Locate Subway Sandwich Shop at

18S UJ 2255 0801

36 Subway Sandwich Shop

37 38 Questions?

• For additional information, go to: – www.usngcenter.org – Contact: Lt. Chris Evan 352-249-2703

39 Reading US National Grid (USNG) Coordinates: Using a Coordinate Scale Information Sheet3 in this series. FGDC-STD-011-2001 From www.fgdc.gov/usng Grid readers are available at www.fgdc.gov/usng

Identifying the coordinates of a feature. - Identify the grid coordinates of the Jefferson Memorial.

1. Place the corner of the grid reader exactly on the point to be identified -- in this case, the center of the Jefferson Memorial.

2. Identify the Easting component: Read right to the grid line immediately before the feature: i.e. grid line 23

3. Identify on the grid reader the grid value where grid line 23 cuts the grid reader: i.e. 35 or 350-meters. Easting= 2335

4. Identify the Northing component: Read up to the grid line immediately before the feature: i.e. grid line 05.

5. Identify on the grid reader the grid value where grid line 05 crosses the grid reader: i.e. 46 or 460-meters. Northing= 0546 - The Jefferson Memorial is located at grid 2335 0546. Add the Grid Zone Designation and 100,000-m Square ID's to make a complete USNG grid reference: 18S UJ 2335 0546.

Occasionally you need to identify the precise location for a feature or point along the edge of a map that does not have a full grid square to measure from as seen at right.

- Place the grid reader so it references the missing grid line immediately prior to your point of interest (in this case line 22).

- Do this by using the next grid line (in this case line 2 to reference back to grid line 22. Then use the tic I : marks on the grid reader as references to read right t...... : normally. "'lllllW

0 1,000-m In this example, the Lincoln Memorial is located at grid 222 065, or 18S UJ 222 065. Reading US National Grid (USNG) Coordinates: "Read right, then Y.Q." Information Sheet 1 in this series. FGDC-STD-011-2001 From www.fgdc.gov/usng The example below locates the Jefferson Pier at USNG: 18S UJ 23371 06519.

U.S. National Grid A USNG value has three components. 100,000-m Square ID Some ~aps n:iay give{Grid Zone Designation (GZD). UJ -< this leading • • 0 0 _____,.300 information in a grid 6 x 8 longitude zone/ lat1tud~ ban~ . UH reference box. 100,000-m Square ldent1ficat1on~' --==------' , Grid Coordinates: Grid Zone Designation 18S "Read right, the f]_ JdQ~ " Read rigfJJ, then up.t -======--======;--~==:;:::==;=:---, USNG values have three components as seen above. The GZD gives a . , U . ~ . National Grid USNG value world-wide context with 60 longitudinal zones each 6° wide. 100,000m Square lcM!ntifica tion --~~~~:!!/!="'====-! Zones 10 - 19 cover the conterminous U.S. as seen below left. UTM zones are divided into 8° latitudinal bands. Together these make up 6° x 8 ° Grid Zone Designations (GZD). Example: 18S U UTM/USNG Grid Zone Designations

L B . / ' ;·~!4!, . ~ -'~·... ~ ~ ''.t•~: ;·~ //,, I ).Ma ~~a ·- -- pa ~ ·df. :r~ •'lliS.t?,, {'x; ·t ~~/·'~ ;.t-t ·;;;_·~'.: :·. ~~-~~ . ;·~~ ·-:::. ~ ~~ ~; :J"' . ~ -~ ~ ·:_~-NA ·- -: PA 1 · al!."- 1,./:- --:,UF • VF - --,--. --. -. - I - . - · ~ ; a; - -~ '.~o· -:- - ~ ~ ~ t ·o.~~ Ic c.:,°;;.,.:o 1·· 178 - ·-···-'"- ; 76' W ••j GZDs are further subdt ivided into large squares with 100:000-m Square ' Identifications. In this example, the Jefferson Pier is located in UJ. These squares are organized and lettered so they do not repeat themselves but every 18°, which is approximately 1,000 miles in the mid­ latitudes. The illustration at above right depicts the organization of 100,000-m Square ID's over a particular state -Virginia in this case. In the conterminous U.S. a given value such as UJ 2337 0651 is unique out ofl~JULntire state it is located in, as well asA~rr.Qu_nd_[[lq _sla.te_s .__ - Grid lines are identified b rincipal D.igit Ignore the small superscript numbers like I those in the lower left corner of this map. Reading USNG Grid Coordinates. - Coordinates are always given as an even number of digits (i.e. 23370651). 24 - Separate coordinates in half (2337 0651) into the easting and northing components.

2 -'"Read right to grid line 23. Then measure 06 1- 1-- ___,,_,_,,_ right another 370 meters. (Think 23.37)

Grid: Point of Interest: _ 22.8_Q5_8__ E Q8J'i1.EWlOi ial: + 231 054 George Mason Memorial: + 2338 0710 Zero Milestone: _222 5_0_62.B__ o _c Wa_LM_em_Q[ial:, ___+_ 222 065 Lincoln Memorial: 24 O 1,000-m Ignore the small UTM superscript numbers that are provided for reference purposes. UTM numerical values are best suited for determining direction and distance as in surveying. USNG alpha-numeric values are best suited for position referencing because they can be given as only grid coordinates in a local area and with only the precision required for a particular task. Example Points of Interest (POI) Map Index: Washington, DC Edition: December 28, 2005

This POI Map Index provided for demonstration purposes. Grid values obtained from Washington, DC GIS web site: dcgis.dc.gov/mar_client_sample/

# Point of Interest Street Address USNG Grid: Telephone: 18S UJ (202) l National Geographic Society l 145 l ?1" St., NW 2327 0823 857-7000 233082 2 Armed Forces Retirement Randolf St, NW 2546 l 199 Home Building 5 3 National Postal Museum 2 Massachusetts Ave., NE 2585 0739 633-5555 259074 4 National Building Museum 401 F St., NW 2503 0736 272-2448 250074 5 DC World War Memorial Independence Ave. SW 2276 0628 6 President Franklin Delano Pennsylvania Ave., NW 24502 06903 Roosevelt 7 Subway Sandwich & Salads 3801 Nebraska Ave NW, Nebraska Ave 1935 1213 362-8992 Complex, Bldg 14 8 Subway Sandwich & Salads 5028 Wisconsin Ave NW 1947 1390 686-9870 9 Subway Sandwich & Salads Federal Bldg #2, Box 2029, Food Court, 204 042 (703) (Per Subway web site.) Washington DC 920-7916 IO Subway Sandwich & Salads 800 2 l st Street NW, 2247 0766 994-1801 Marvin Center Loading Dock II Subway Sandwich & Salads 2033 K St NW 2255 0801 833-1363

12 Subway Sandwich & Salads 2030 M St NW 2256 0826 223-2587 13 Subway Sandwich & Salads 2010 P St NW 2265 0871 530-0698 14 Subway Sandwich & Salads 2469 I 8th St NW 2296 1013 667-2251

15 Subway Sandwich & Salads I I 29 I 8th St NW 2298 0822 862-9840 16 Subway Sandwich & Salads 1776 G St NW 2299 0743 898-0520 17 Subway Sandwich & Salads 1666 K St NW 2327 0789 223-8720 18 Subway Sandwich & Salads 1444 I St NW 2373 0775 289-4301 19 Subway Sandwich & Salads 1401 K St NW 2377 0796 898-5784 20 Subway Sandwich & Salads 1100 New York Ave NW 2418 0771 289-7709

21 Subway Sandwich & Salads 1201 Tuckerman Street NW 2431 1513 291-7800 22 Subway Sandwich & Salads 709 H St., NW 2462 0762 842-2273 23 Subway Sandwich & Salads 406 !st St., SE 2604 0590 547-7827 24 Subway Sandwich & Salads 430 8th St., SE 2698 0567 547-8200 25 Subway Sandwich & Salads 3504 12th St NE 274 112 526-5999 26 Subway Sandwich & Salads 1213 Brentwood Rd NE 2752 0980 529-8206 27 Subway Sandwich & Salads 1412 Good Hope Rd SE 2781 0387 889-5888 28 Subway Sandwich & Salads 1500 Benning Rd NE, Hechinger Mall 2815 0757 388-0421 29 Subway Sandwich & Salads 3950 Minnesota Ave NE 3090 0687 398-3222 30 Subway Sandwich & Salads 4518 Benning Rd SE 3203 0624 575-2889

Inclusion of any specific commercial POI in this example list does not imply endorsement by any government organization. I Washington, DC

(USNG Demonstration Map) 76958'.crw 77'6'31" W ' 18""""-E 19 '20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 '28"""'E 38'56'22"N

38'49'22" N 3 T1"6'19" W '18""""-E 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Jefferson Pier in Washington, DC EB 188 UJ 2337 0652 Scale: 1 :24,000 (printed size: 21 x 27 inches) 1:61 ,000 (printed size: 8.5X11 inches) 1000-m eter grid, US National Grid North American Datum 1983 UJ Grid Zone Designalion 185 --'"' 100,000-m Square ldentifcalion: UJ, UH UH 1,000 500 1,000 2,000 3.000 4.000 a .. '-""'-"" For oc:kfilional 1nronna1ion: Tooonvenamagnr.ir;: see www.Jgdc.ge.N/usng.ilndcLhm "' ari'nu:h IO a gid Road Data Copyrighl (c) 2005 Navlcq attnu:h Slb:raCI GM angle. Source:NGA (CSAl}, SL Louis, MO Wasllinglon,OC_USNG_Demo_v Training Map Sackville

, , , 8 , , BM72 I I ,- ... --- ...... I ,' ...... I I I I I \ I I \ I I \ , , ,

... _.. .. -- --- .. : \ ------'i::!:;

72 1·24000 2 1N OOOmE . 1 000-m U Datum 1983 ,...---=-==-~s~ca~le~=~ - ...,0 meters·~· ~I500:--~~ 7 rth Am'"''". 20 f"f USNGDatum:: 61STHoS National Grid 500 Contour Interval: Elevation in feet 126° 120° 102° 96° goo 840

1/r-11t-rl-l l ~ J - I I a\ I I I lll-L-1--+-1''

32°

U.S. NATIONAL GRID INDEX MAP 6° x 8° Grid Zone Designators 100,000-meter Grid Square IDs Selected Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) easting/northing values shown along perimeler Projection: Lambert Conformal Conic o 100 200 400 Standard Parallels: f'".EI 33• and 45• Miles ~lTir"""fliefiffrift:::.:::[!;J_"T'A· f Y\'l~~l(l'B 114° 840