Myanmar Member Country Report
CCOP-53AS/3-11
T COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP)
54th CCOP Annual Session 28 October – 1 November 2018 Busan City, Republic of Korea
Member Country Report of MYANMAR
Submitted by
Myanmar Delegation
(For Agenda Item 3)
COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) CCOP Building, 75/10 Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Tel: +66 (0) 2644 5468, Fax: +66 (0) 2644 5429, E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.ccop.or.th
ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT
Country: MYANMAR Period: 1 July 2017– 30 June 2018
1. OUTREACH 1.1 Summary The Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration (DGSE) is trying to achieve public awareness on landslide and Geo-hazard investigation works done in respective regions, updating mineral database and joint survey with foreign and local companies for mineral exploration. MOGE is enhancing oil and gas exploration, exploitation and LNG supply for domestic requirement. Groundwater Division is also operating the systematic management on sustainability of ground water resources.
1.2 Annual Review of Individual Technical Activities in 2017-2018 1.2.1. Regional mapping Geological Mapping of(1: 50000) scale covering 1081 Km2 in Phaungpyin and Pinlebu Townships , 2834 Km2 in Budalin-Yay U Townships in Sagaing Region and 754 Km2in Mintat-Matupi Townships in Chin State have been completed. Two localities of mineral occurrences such as Coal and Limestone were recorded.
1.2.2 Mineral Exploration Mineral Exploration programs were carried out in Mandalay Region, Magwe Region, Sagaing Region, Shan State and Kayin State for Coal, Graphite, Copper, Limestone and Gemstones potential area. The program consists of detailed geological mapping, topographic survey, test pitting, trenching, sampling and drilling in some prospects.
1.2.3 Mineral Database Mineral Database program has been conducted in Thanintharyi Region, Magwe Region and Mandalay Region for the mineralization of Tin-Tungsten, Coal, Copper, Lead-Zinc and Barite minerals in respective areas.
CCOP Member Country Report: MYANMAR 1 1.2.4 Limestone Exploration The geological mapping (43km2), detailed outcrop mapping 12 km2 were done and total 511 million metric tonnes of massive and bedded limestone reserves were estimated in the Bungzung area, Hakha Township, Chin State. The
chemical analyses returned, average grade of CaO 45.91 %, SiO2 11.86 %, R2O3 3.23% and MgO 0.73% and now being evaluated for cement production.
Limestone outcrops in Bungzung area, Hakha Township, Chin State
1.2.5 Gemstones Exploration The gemstone exploration works in Yenya-U area, Mandalay Region include regional geological mapping about (300 km2) and semi-detailed outcrop mapping (30 km2) were accomplished. This study area lies North and Western marginal parts of the Mogok Metamorphic Belt and Southern part of Tagaung- Myitkyina Belt. Sapphire occurs as two types of deposit in field area; 1) Sapphire is found in syenitic rock as primary deposit; 2) Sapphire also occurs as a placer with quartz, garnet, zircon, fluorite which was formed in the travertine and gravel bed. Most of these sapphire crystals are sub-rounded, opaque to translucent and sometimes show hexagonal to bi-pyramids shape in the secondary deposit.
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Sapphire samples in Yenya U area
1.2.6 Observation of Landslide hazard The landslide and car road uplift areas lie in one of a village of Mogok Township, Mandalay Region. Geological investigation on 300000 m2 is done hazard risk zones are mapped. This area is surrounded by high mountains, slope angle is above 50' and average annual rainfall is about 20 meter. The main causes of landslide in this area includes natural situations of heavy rain and increasing pose-space pressure in soil, overweight buildings and as well as gemstone mining. It is also recommended to local authorities to maintain drainage system and better land-use planning.
Sinking Ground Uplifting Car Road
30 cm
40 cm Before
Criteria of landslide occurred in Mogok area
CCOP Member Country Report: MYANMAR 3 At Popa area in Kyaukpadaung Township, the subsidence and cracks which occurs on car road by landslide were also investigated. According to the detailed geological studies, subsidence and cracks of car roads were caused by less of cohesion host rocks, high angle slopping, heavy rain in monsoon and trapped of valleys in this area. DGSE field party recommended to keep the maintenance of systematic drainage system and to be aware of disaster risks.
Criteria of landslide evidences in Popa area
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Geoscience Projects of Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration (2017-2018)
1.2.7 Geotourism Promotion The DGSE preliminary geosites evaluation field survey is carried out in the Hpa-An and Mawlamyine area, near Thailand and Myanmar boundary. It is expected that will contribute to CLMTV countries geotourism promotion pilot project. The geological sites were classified as geomorphological geosite (limestone cave, karst morphology, waterfall and beach), fossil geosite, hot sprin geosite, structure geosite, cultural and historical sites. Total of 16 geological potential sites were selected b using geosite evaluation guidelines of CLMTV Geosiciences Working Group. The final score of a geosite is based on the main (scientific and educational) and additional
CCOP Member Country Report: MYANMAR 5 (management and infrastructural) values. The geotourism potential and the improvable features of each geosite were calculated and 12 locations were selected for suitable geotourism.
DGSE preliminary geosites evaluation field survey for CLMTV Geotourism Promotion
Zwe Gabin Hill (Hpa-An Township)
Kyaukkalat Pagoda and Monastery (Hpa-An Township)
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1.3. Proposed Future Activities DGSE has planned to carry out the following field activities in 2018-2019. 1.3.1. Regional mapping programme The regional geological mapping about 2070 km2at Phaungpyin -Pinlebu and Kantbalu- Kyunhlaarea, Sagaing Region will be conducted.
1.3.2. Mineral Exploration The following mineral exploration works during 2018-2019 will be carried out. (1) Gemstones exploration at Yenya U area, Mandalay Region (2) Feldspar and Industrial minerals exploration at Indaingthar-Thandaw area, Mandalay Region. (3) Graphite exploration at Thabeikkyin area, Mandalay Region.
CCOP Member Country Report: MYANMAR 7 1.4. Assistance Required from CCOP/Other Member Countries in Support of Future Activities - Request for post-graduate scholarships in Geosciences and Geotechnical Engineering for the improvement of Human Resources Development (HRD). - Request for Geological, Geochemical, and Geophysical Training abroad as well as short course training in Myanmar. - Request for training on the application of remote sensing in geological mapping. - Request Grant Aid program for the training and upgrading of DGSE laboratory.
1.5. Assistance Offered to CCOP/Other Member Countries in Support of Future Activities - Cooperation and coordination with CCOP member counties in future activities. - Sharing experience on geological mapping and mineral exploration works.
Programme Contact Person: Dr. Ye Myint Swe, Director General, DGSE Ph: +95-067-414019/ +95-9-8300607 Fax: +95-067-414043 e-mail: [email protected]/ [email protected]
2. COOPERATION AND PARTNERSHIP (Activities for enhancing networking and effective collaboration)
2.1 Summary The international organizations including KIGAM, JOGMEC, CLMTV, DMR and CGS are now cooperating with DGSE in the field of geosciences research activities in Myanmar, such as mineral exploration, mineral resources database, mineral information and seamless geology and human resources development program.
2.2 Annual Review of Individual Technical Activities 2.2.1. Co-operation with KIGAM, Korea According to the Research Agreement between DGSE and KIGAM, joint field parties carried out geochemical studies of detailed geological mapping in 12 km2 of target area and geophysical studies by Portable Cesium Vapor Magnetometer G-859 SX instrument in 6.6 km2of Bophivum chromite
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mineralized target area covering Geochemical Anomalous Zone. Moreover, the party implemented the enhancement of 3D geological modeling for chromite mineralization of previous target areas including Cr-Ni geochemical anomaly maps.
Detailed outcrop mapping in chromite exploration, Bophivum Area
Massive textured chromite outcrops and sketch, 46 Q- 601036E/2573400N (Looking S)
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Geophysical survey by G-859 SX Portable Cesium Vapor Magnetometer
2.2.2 Cooperation with JOGMEC, Japan DGSE and JOGMEC have conducted preliminary investigation of antimony, copper, gold, tin-tungsten and Nickel-chromite at Shanand Kachin States, Mandalay, Sagaing and Thanintharyi Regions for three year extension period, 1st April 2016 to 31st March 2019. This agreement was signed on 29.7.2016 by the approval of Government Office. The survey team will enhance mutual trust between DGSE and JOGMEC through active exchange of the knowledge and technologies. 2.2.3 Cooperation with CCOP Joint survey team of DGSE - CCOP has visited to Mogok Gemstone track form 27th April 2018 to 1st May 2018. In this trip, the detail outcrops study along and comparative study of satellite images and ground field data were also carried out. Moreover, Gold Mineralization and Current mining activities at Minban Taung and Marble Block production at Sagyin Taung worksites were also studied.
Group photo with CCOP delegate and DGSE field party
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Underground Ruby Mine, Mogok area
Statues of marble in Sagyin area
2.2.4 Cooperation with DMR The field party of DGSE-DMR-EGAT team visited to Mandalay, Singu, Thabeikkyin, Mogok and Kalewa areas during 25.3.2018 to 9.4.2018.DGSE-DMR joint survey team carried out the preliminary investigation of Gemstone Mine site in Mogok, Kyatsaung Taung and Pyingyi Taung areas. The field party carried out the more detailed geological study in this area. It is one of the
CCOP Member Country Report: MYANMAR 11 activities of collaboration in Geosciences among “Comparative Study on Mineralization of Gemstones in CLMTV Region” from 2016 to 2019. Joint survey team including with EGAT also observed Kalewa Coal Mines area during 3rdto 8thApril 2018. The effective database of cooperation between DGSE and DMR joint field works based on "Comparative Study on Mineral Potential" can be achieved.
Corundum crystals in Mogok area Rubellite crystals in Pyingyi Taung area
Underground Ruby Mine, Mogok area
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Observation in Kalewa Coal Mines area
Group photo with the DMR and EGAT delegates
2.2.5. MoU with Geological Survey of Japan (GSJ) The Joint field survey of DGSE and GSJ was done at the Thannintharyi Region, Southern part of Myanmar for the potential of Tin-Tungsten and Rare Earth Elements (REE) and at the Kyaington and Tachileik, Shan State for study of gold, copper mineralization system in 2016.At present, DGSE and GSJ are preparing for next 3 year extension of MoU for joint field research works.
CCOP Member Country Report: MYANMAR 13 2.2.6. Joint venture mineral exploration with Foreign Companies. The foreign companies have applied for mineral exploration rights in Myanmar for Gold, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Tin-Tungsten, and Coal. Currently five foreign companies. have been granted mineral exploration permits in Myanmar and exploration works are being undertaken with DGSE.
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2.3. Proposed Future Activities DGSE has planned to proceed with KIGAM for the study of chromite mineralization and resources estimation, and with JOGMEC for tin-tungsten mineral exploration. The mineralization of corundum and geo-hazards related to active fault and landslides have been studied with DMR from 2016 to 2021. Seamless geological survey along the cross border with CLMTV is also proposed for future activities. 2.4. Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities Technical assistances and financial supporting for joint studies are required.
2.5. Assistance Offered to CCOP/Other Member Countries in Support of Future Activities DGSE can share the technical reports and information, conference papers to CCOP and other member countries.
Programme Contact Person: Dr. Ye Myint Swe, Director General, DGSE Ph: +95-067-414019/ +95-9-8300607 Fax: +95-067-414043 e-mail: [email protected]/ [email protected]
3. DATA AND INFORMATION / KNOWLEDGE ENHANCEMENT AND SHARING 3.1 GEO-HAZARD PROGRAMME 3.1.1 Summary Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration (DGSE) cooperated with DMR, YEA and EOS have carried out geological investigation of potential seismic hazard areas including Sagaing and Singu -Thabeikkyin areas in Mandalay Region.
3.1.2 Annual Review of Individual Technical Activities DGSE and International Organizations including DMR, YEA and EOS have carried out geological investigation of potential seismic areas and also recommended to Regional Government Organizations and local communities for future prevention and mitigation of geo-hazard events.
CCOP Member Country Report: MYANMAR 15 3.1.2.1. Landslide Investigation with International Organizations in Myanmar Department of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration (DGSE), Myanmar Earthquake Committee (MEC) ,Geology Departments of Myanmar Universities , Department of Hydrology and Meteorology (DMH) ,Department of Mineral Resources (DMR), Yunan Earthquake Administration (YEA), Institute of Geology of China Earthquake ,Earth Observatory Singapore (EOS) ,Department of Geosciences National Taiwan University and Oregon State University (USA) participated in joint survey. The survey team has observed Active Sagaing Fault and Earthquake simulating areas during 16th to 21st November 2017 and 23rd February to 5th March 2018. In this study, field party carried out and recorded the Paleo-seismology, Active Tectonic and Earthquake Potential, Movement of Sagaing Active Fault and Earthquake affect areas. The observed areas are Yega Lake, Ywatharya village, In-wa Ancient City, Mingun area and Singu-Thabeikkyin area.
Observation trench across the Sagaing Active Fault
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Minor fault cut-across the gypsum veinlet in trench
Mingun Pagoda, after effected by Ava Earthquake (1893) and Sagaing Earthquake (RM=7.0),(1956)
CCOP Member Country Report: MYANMAR 17 3.1.3. Proposed Future Activities Proposed future activities are cooperation study not only on seismic hazard investigation and mitigation but also on an active Sagaing Fault.
3.1.4. Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities - Workshop or training course related to seismotectonic studies in CCOP member countries. - Exchange of information in the field of geo-hazards management and international cooperation network on geo-hazards prevention and mitigation.
3.1.5. Assistance Offered to CCOP/ Other Member Countries in Support of Future Activities DGSE can share some kinds of data for geo-hazard effected areas in Myanmar to compare with that of other CCOP member countries.
3.2. ENERGY PROGRAMME 3.2.1. Summary During the period of (1.7.2017 to 30.6.2018), Ministry of Electricity and Energy continued enhancing onshore and offshore oil and gas exploration and exploitation, and studied the LNG supply for future domestic requirement.
3.2.2. Annual Review of Individual Technical Activities
3.2.2.1. Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Activities
3.2.2.1.1 Onland Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Activities During the reviewed period, no petroleum contracts were signed for Onland blocks. Petroleum contracts namely PSC, IPR, PCC in 25 onland blocks have been signed and currently in operation. A total of 2047.518 km lines of 2D and 448.22 km2 of 3D seismic data were acquired and 33 exploration and development wells were drilled. 2.23 million bl of oil and 17.88 bcf of gas were produced form oil & gas fields.
3.2.2.1.2 Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Activities During the reviewed period, no PSC contracts were signed for offshore blocks. PSC contracts in 38 offshore blocks have been signed and 27 blocks are currently in operation. A total of 148.3 km lines of 2D and 15016.41 km2 of 3D seismic and 227.773 km2of 4D seismic data were acquired, 41 exploration and
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development wells were drilled. 1.43 million bl of oil and 655.35bcf of gas were produced from 4 gas fields.
3.2.2.2. LNG Project Two existing offshore projects out of four are currently declining and thus, LNG import is considered to meet the domestic requirement till the production is launched from new discovery in Myanmar offshore region. Therefore, LNG companies were invited to submit EOI (Expression of interest) to Ministry of Electricity and Energy. From these proposals, three companies are chosen to permit NTP (Notice To Proceed).These companies namely Total and Siemens Co; Ltd, Supreme Trading Co. Ltd and Zhefu Holding Group and TTCL Public Co. Ltd, have to import LNG, build the turbines plants and transmission lines to the market. MOGE has to manage about safety of LNG import, environment impact and specification of LNG.
3.2.3. Assistance required from CCOP in support of future activities None 3.2.4. Assistant offered to CCOP / other member countries in support of future activities None 3.2.5. Other Comment None
Program Contact Parson: U. Nyan Tun, Deputy Managing Director (Exploration & Development), Myanmar Oil and Gas Enterprise, Ministry of Electricity and Energy Myanmar Email: [email protected]
3.3 GROUNDWATER PROGRAMME 2018 3.3.1 Summary In Myanmar, Irrigation and Water Utilization Management Department (IWUMD) is the key department which was established under the guidance of Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Irrigation (Mo ALI).The main purpose for the groundwater activities of IWUMD is to measure for the sustainable groundwater management in the country and to boost crop production by supplementary groundwater irrigation projects and drinking water supply in dry zone, remote and hilly states and regions. The water well drilling for agriculture and drinking purposes, construction of groundwater monitoring wells, artesian aquifer management works, groundwater investigation in coastal aquifer and cooperative groundwater research works with international organizations were done during the July 2017 to June 2018.
CCOP Member Country Report: MYANMAR 19 3.3.2 Annual Review of Individual Technical Activities 3.3.2.1 Water well drilling for the agriculture water and drinking water supply- The total of (516) irrigation tubewells and (203) drinking water tubewells were sunk by department. The majority of diameter of the tubewells is ø4"inches. IWUMD’s Achievement of Water Well Drilling
Total No. of No. of Drinking Sr.no State/Region number of Irrigation tubewell water tubewell Tubewells Union Territory (Nay 1 18 15 33 Pyi Taw) 2 Kachin 31 - 31 3 Kayah - 20 20 4 Kayin 1 23 24 5 Sagaing 261 12 273 6 Bago 65 28 93 7 Magway - 7 7 8 Mandalay 2 5 7 9 Mon - 16 16 10 Shan 2 36 38 11 Ayeyarwaddy 136 41 177 Union Total 516 203 719
Photograph showing the water well drilling in Hard Rock Formation (Southern Shan State)
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3.3.2.2 Construction of groundwater monitoring wells The total of 16 groundwater monitoring wells were drilled and the groundwater monitoring devices with remote data sending and receiving systems were installed in each monitoring wells. The monitoring sensors recorded groundwater level fluctuation, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and groundwater temperature in real time.
CCOP Member Country Report: MYANMAR 21 3.3.2.3 Artesian aquifer management Yinmarbin artesian zone is situated at the western edge of central dry zone, Yinmarbin District, Sagaing Region of Myanmar. The potential artesian aquifer composed of Tertiary coarse sand and gravel aquifer is favorable for over flowing tubewells with high yield and good water quality. In this connection, uncontrolled water well drilling and no systematic water usage by community practice lead to the groundwater wastes. This situation leads to over exploitation of groundwater and then to continuous dropping of groundwater table. The IWUMD is implementing the necessary measures to recover the previous over flowing condition in the artesian zone by means of piezometric level pipe installation in all artesian tubewells and public awareness including groundwater education trainings to local people.
Artesian wells in Yinmarbin
Public Awareness (knowledge sharing of groundwater nature to local people)
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3.3.2.4 Groundwater investigation in coastal aquifer IWUMD is also carrying out the groundwater research work on the coastal aquifer investigation in Yangon Region. The investigation includes surface and sub-surface geophysical surveying, test well drilling and water quality assessment. The total of (6) test wells are being drilled and resistivity survey and groundwater sampling and analysis are taking place in necessary areas. Finally, the groundwater assessment report will be established for research areas.
Surface Geophysical Surveying (Resistivity Survey) at near coast
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Test well drilling near coast Geophysical Bore Hole Logging
Geophysical Borehole Logging
3.3.2.5 Cooperative groundwater research works The groundwater research works with international organizations, have been carrying out as follow:- - Feasibility survey for “Solar-powered Irrigation Improvement Project” cooperation between IWUMD and Korea Rural Community Cooperation (KRC) in Central Dry Zone – Myanmar.
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- Preparing the project concept note on the “Project of Groundwater Monitoring for Climate Change and Sustainable Utilization for Agriculture and Rural Development in Myanmar”. - Myanmar language translation and official book launching of previously published Hydrogeology of Central Dry Zone – Myanmar by English language which was supported by Australian Water Partnership (AWP).
3.3.3 Proposed Future Activities (1) Solar-powered Irrigation Improvement Project in Central Dry Zone collaboration with KRC. (2) Project of Groundwater Monitoring for Climate Change and Sustainable Utilization for Agriculture and Rural Development in Myanmar with KRC. (3) Hydrogeological GIS System and Central Database with AWP. (4) Artesian aquifer management pilot study of the Yinmarbin-pale sub-basin with AWP (5) Hydrogeological Mapping in Eastern Highland including Shan State with AWP.
3.3.4 Assistance required from CCOP in support of future activities (1) Transboundary aquifer study with CCOP and member countries. (2) Capacity building for groundwater related subjects under the program of CCOP. (3) Seminars, workshops and knowledge sharing programme on ground water and related subjects under the arrangement of CCOP. 3.3.5 Assistance offered to CCOP/Other Member Countries in support of future activities (1) Transboundary aquifer study in Greater Mekong Basin. (2) Knowledge sharing and capacity building program with member countries.
Programme Contact Person: U Tin Maung Aye Htoo Deputy Director General Irrigation and Water Utilization Management Department Email : [email protected] Phone : +9567 431300
CCOP Member Country Report: MYANMAR 25 4. DATA AND INFORMATION 4.1. Summary The GIS laboratory of DGSE has carried out digitizing 1:50000 scale geological map sheets and mineral database. In addition, ASEAN Web-based mineral resources database training program led by GSJ including workshop at Tsukuba and Vientiane field trip investigation has been carried out with the aid of JICA.
4.2. Annual Review of Individual Technical Activities - DGSE delegates participated workshop on ASEAN Web-based Mineral Resources Database and Remote Sensing held on 3rd September 2017 to 6th October 2017 in Japan and Lao PDR. - One of a DGSE delegate also participated in the 2nd International Workshop on CCOP Geoscience Sharing Infrastructure for East and Southeast Asia (GSi) th th Project held on 5 – 7 December 2017 in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR . - Under the ASEAN Mineral Database Programme, a new database system is being discussed before uploading data/information into a Web GIS system.
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Myanmar GIS Web Portal was shown in URL-https://ccop-gsi.org/ gsi / asomm /index-php
4.3. Proposed Future Activities Joint ASEAN Seamless Geology ground field checking survey will be carried out with CGS .The Geosite evaluation and ground field checking survey will be carried out at Hpa-an area, Southern Myanmar in late 2018.
4.4. Assistance Required from CCOP in Support of Future Activities More trainings on Web-GIS are requested to JICA for better understanding of practical application.
4.5. Assistance Offered to CCOP/Other Member Countries in Support of Future Activities DGSE can share the ASEAN Web-based on mineral database, geoscience and geological information to CCOP Member Countries.
Programme Contact Person: Dr. Myint Soe, Director, DGSE Phone: +95-67-414430, +95-9-420741526 Fax: +95-67-414043 e-mail: [email protected]
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