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Health Impact Assessment of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Area in Myanmar, Mandalay Region: Preliminary Research
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article Health Impact Assessment of Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining Area in Myanmar, Mandalay Region: Preliminary Research Win Thiri Kyaw 1,* , Xiaoxu Kuang 1 and Masayuki Sakakibara 1,2,3 1 Research Institute for Humanity and Nature, 457-4 Motoyama, Kamigamo, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8047, Japan; [email protected] (X.K.); [email protected] (M.S.) 2 Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture 790-8577, Japan 3 Faculty of Collaborative Regional Innovation, Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama City, Ehime Prefecture 790-8577, Japan * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-0757-072-443 Received: 31 August 2020; Accepted: 14 September 2020; Published: 16 September 2020 Abstract: Increasing artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in developing countries has raised health concerns in mining communities. A preliminary health survey was conducted in Thabeikkyin Township, Mandalay Region, Myanmar, in February 2020 to assess the health conditions of an ASGM community. Respiratory function and other clinical assessments were evaluated in miners and non-miners, and participants’ hair was analyzed for heavy metals. Respiratory function of miners was similar to that of non-miners. However, miners’ respiratory function declined with longer mining activity duration. In total, 3 out of 18 miners showed neurological signs and symptoms of chronic mercury intoxication. The median concentration of the hair mercury was significantly higher in miners than non-miners (P = 0.01), and 9 out of 18 miners and 2 out of 11 non-miners showed the warning level of mercury. -
(Mong Ton) Dam March 10, 2015: Shan
Detailed timeline of community opposition to SMEC’s EIA/SIA process for the Upper Salween (Mong Ton) dam March 10, 2015: Shan and Karen representatives protest at SMEC public meeting in Taunggyi SMEC held a public meeting in Taunggyi, Shan State. At the meeting, about 30 Karen and Shan people protested by wearing “No Dam” headbands, holding up posters against the Salween dams, and publicly raising many questions about the planned EIA/SIA process. However, the description of this “first public EIA/SIA scoping meeting” on the official Mong Ton Hydropower Project website makes no mention of the protest. (http://www.mongtonhydro.com/eportal/ui?pageId=132488&articleKey=134488&columnId=132537) April 6, 2015: About 150 villagers protest at SMEC public meeting in Mong Ton About 150 local villagers protested against the Mong Ton dam during a meeting organized by SMEC in Mong Ton, southern Shan State, Burma on April 6, 2015. The villagers, from different areas of Mong Ton, raised placards against the dam, and handed a statement to SMEC staff, raising concerns about the lack of lasting peace, and the potential flooding of many towns, villages and temples, particularly in Kunhing Township. The consultation was mainly attended by government officials and other pro-government groups, including local militia, and villagers said that they had little opportunity to ask questions. After the consultation, the villagers went to Pittakat Hong Dhamma temple, and held a ceremony to pray for the protection of the Salween River. The local branches of the two main Shan parties, Shan Nationalities Democratic Party (SNDP) and Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD), issued statements against the Mong Ton dam on the day of the meeting. -
(LIFT)/ UNOPS Dry Zone Program Inception Mission 14-30 October
MYANMAR Livelihoods and Food Security Trust Fund (LIFT)/ UNOPS Dry Zone Program Inception Mission 14-30 October 2013 Aide-mémoire The Inception Mission was the first of a three step process, intended to focus on validation of the proposed program area, and on provision of main sector focus for the program. Accompanied by LIFT FMO team members the mission visited a total of 28 villages in 8 Townships, of which 5 in Mandalay Region (Kyaukpadung, Mingyan, Taungthar, Natogyi and Mahlaing), and 3 in Magway Region (Pauk, Seikphyu, Myaing). The five Mandalay Townships were identified by LIFT on the basis of vulnerability classification carried out by a major JICA pilot project, while the three in Magway were included to look at possible synergies with the 3MDG program operating there. The village visits were based on a semi-structured participatory approach focusing on discussion of a main topics list, but without fixed questions, and allowing the discussion to follow directions raised by the participants. The discussion group-size varied from 50 to about 100 community members, representing formal as well as traditional village leaders (respected elders and government village leaders), Village Development Committees (where formed by NGOs), single purpose interest groups (such as water management associations), Women’s associations, Parent-Teacher Associations, Mother and Child groups, social and religious groups, landowners/farmers, landless people, migrant workers and people with disabilities. At least half of the community members present at the village meetings were women, some representing female-headed households. The main topics covered included agricultural production, rainfall, livestock, credit, markets, migration, food security and household diets, health and education. -
Rakhine State
Myanmar Information Management Unit Township Map - Rakhine State 92° E 93° E 94° E Tilin 95° E Township Myaing Yesagyo Pauk Township Township Bhutan Bangladesh Kyaukhtu !( Matupi Mindat Mindat Township India China Township Pakokku Paletwa Bangladesh Pakokku Taungtha Samee Ü Township Township !( Pauk Township Vietnam Taungpyoletwea Kanpetlet Nyaung-U !( Paletwa Saw Township Saw Township Ngathayouk !( Bagan Laos Maungdaw !( Buthidaung Seikphyu Township CHIN Township Township Nyaung-U Township Kanpetlet 21° N 21° Township MANDALAYThailand N 21° Kyauktaw Seikphyu Chauk Township Buthidaung Kyauktaw KyaukpadaungCambodia Maungdaw Chauk Township Kyaukpadaung Salin Township Mrauk-U Township Township Mrauk-U Salin Rathedaung Ponnagyun Township Township Minbya Rathedaung Sidoktaya Township Township Yenangyaung Yenangyaung Sidoktaya Township Minbya Pwintbyu Pwintbyu Ponnagyun Township Pauktaw MAGWAY Township Saku Sittwe !( Pauktaw Township Minbu Sittwe Magway Magway .! .! Township Ngape Myebon Myebon Township Minbu Township 20° N 20° Minhla N 20° Ngape Township Ann Township Ann Minhla RAKHINE Township Sinbaungwe Township Kyaukpyu Mindon Township Thayet Township Kyaukpyu Ma-Ei Mindon Township !( Bay of Bengal Ramree Kamma Township Kamma Ramree Toungup Township Township 19° N 19° N 19° Munaung Toungup Munaung Township BAGO Padaung Township Thandwe Thandwe Township Kyangin Township Myanaung Township Kyeintali !( 18° N 18° N 18° Legend ^(!_ Capital Ingapu .! State Capital Township Main Town Map ID : MIMU1264v02 Gwa !( Other Town Completion Date : 2 November 2016.A1 Township Projection/Datum : Geographic/WGS84 Major Road Data Sources :MIMU Base Map : MIMU Lemyethna Secondary Road Gwa Township Boundaries : MIMU/WFP Railroad Place Name : Ministry of Home Affairs (GAD) translated by MIMU AYEYARWADY Coast Map produced by the MIMU - [email protected] Township Boundary www.themimu.info Copyright © Myanmar Information Management Unit Yegyi Ngathaingchaung !( State/Region Boundary 2016. -
The Union Report the Union Report : Census Report Volume 2 Census Report Volume 2
THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report The Union Report : Census Report Volume 2 Volume Report : Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2 Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population May 2015 The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census The Union Report Census Report Volume 2 For more information contact: Department of Population Ministry of Immigration and Population Office No. 48 Nay Pyi Taw Tel: +95 67 431 062 www.dop.gov.mm May, 2015 Figure 1: Map of Myanmar by State, Region and District Census Report Volume 2 (Union) i Foreword The 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census (2014 MPHC) was conducted from 29th March to 10th April 2014 on a de facto basis. The successful planning and implementation of the census activities, followed by the timely release of the provisional results in August 2014 and now the main results in May 2015, is a clear testimony of the Government’s resolve to publish all information collected from respondents in accordance with the Population and Housing Census Law No. 19 of 2013. It is my hope that the main census results will be interpreted correctly and will effectively inform the planning and decision-making processes in our quest for national development. The census structures put in place, including the Central Census Commission, Census Committees and Offices at all administrative levels and the International Technical Advisory Board (ITAB), a group of 15 experts from different countries and institutions involved in censuses and statistics internationally, provided the requisite administrative and technical inputs for the implementation of the census. -
Title Precious and Base Metal Mineralization in Kwinthonze-Nweyon Area, Singu and Thabeikkyin Townships, Mandalay Region, Myanmar
Title Precious and Base Metal Mineralization in Kwinthonze-Nweyon area, Singu and Thabeikkyin Townships, Mandalay Region, Myanmar All Authors Tin Aung Myint1*, Than Than Nu1 , Min Aung2 Publication Type International Publication Publisher (Journal name, PROCEEDINGS OF SUNDALAND RESOURCES 2014 MGEI ANNUAL issue no., page no CONVENTIONMasyarakat Geologi Ekonomi Indonesia (Indonesian Society of etc.) Economic Geologists) Gold-silver and associated base metal mineralization occurs in the Kwinthonze- Nweyon area within the Mogok Metamorphic Belt (MMB) in Myanmar. The area is mainly underlain by high-grade metamorphic units and intrusive rocks. Gold-sulphide bearing quartz veins are predominantly hosted in gneisses and marbles. Numerous faults striking N, NNE, ENE and E to ESE with moderate to steep dips occurred in the area. The veins are characterized by banded, colloform, cockcade, breccia and some vuggy textures. The vein-related alteration is characterized by silicification, sericitization and chloritization from the inner to the outer zones. Principal metallic minerals are pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, arsenopyrite in addition to electrum. The mineralogy of the vein is recognized into three paragenetic stages. Stage 1 is pre-mineralization stage. Stage 2 is main mineralization stage and stage 3 is post-ore carbonate Abstract stage. Quartz with minor sulfide, mainly pyrite was deposited during stage 1. Precious and base metals were precipitated during stage 2. In this stage, adularia is common. Gold and silver are more enriched in the veins containing abundant adularia than virtually quartz rich veins. In stage 3, the veins are barren. Bullion fineness data of the whole area display a wide range of fineness (416-875). -
Tie Bombers 18 73 474 135I48 124 X30
'II Auth: AC Initials 1 June 1945 HEADQUARTRS EASTERN AIR COMAND SOUTH EAST ASIA WEEKLY INTELLIGENCE SUMMh~ARY NUJ3B.R 40 1 June 1945 With the reopening and consolidating of the port of Rarngoon the primary objective in the reconquest of BHt:a has been achieved. Fighting has not yet stopped but all organized resistance has ended. Another chapter of the war in South East Asia has therefore closed, and with it we cease publication o'? this Summary which has been, in part, a record of thc joint efforts of the Amrerican and British Air For- ces in this campaign. In the future, events will take a new course and perhaps this publication will be revived in a diff- erent setting; but, for the moment, suffice it to say that our forces have made a glorious advance along the rocd to Tokyo, We are glad to have had the privilege of recording part of that advance. By command of Lieutenant General STRATEvit1 R: A, T. RICHARDSON Group Captain, RAF Chief of Intelligence Section Office of DC/AS, OPTI i HEADQUARTERS EASTETN AIR 001MAND SOUTH EAST ASIA TO: All Personnel of Eastern Air Command, and all R.A.F. and U.S.A.A.F. Administrative and Service Units Which Have Supported E.A.C. Combat Operations. 1. On 15 December 1943 Eastern Air ommnand was organized as an integrated R.A.F.- A.A.F. air command, to which were also assigned squadrons of the Royal Canadian Air Force and Royal Indian Air Force. At that time I stated our mission and our mutual problems as follows: "A resourceful, able and wily enemy must be blasted from the jungles of Burma and driven from its skies in days to come. -
Myanmar Exodus from the Shan State
MYANMAR EXODUS FROM THE SHAN STATE “For your own good, don’t destroy others.” Traditional Shan song INTRODUCTION Civilians in the central Shan State are suffering the enormous consequences of internal armed conflict, as fighting between the tatmadaw, or Myanmar army, and the Shan State Army-South (SSA-South) continues. The vast majority of affected people are rice farmers who have been deprived of their lands and their livelihoods as a result of the State Peace and Development Council’s (SPDC, Myanmar’s military government) counter-insurgency tactics. In the last four years over 300,000 civilians have been displaced by the tatmadaw, hundreds have been killed when they attempted to return to their farms, and thousands have been seized by the army to work without pay on roads and other projects. Over 100,000 civilians have fled to neighbouring Thailand, where they work as day labourers, risking arrest for “illegal immigration” by the Thai authorities. In February 2000 Amnesty International interviewed Shan refugees from Laikha, Murngpan, Kunhing, and Namsan townships, central Shan State. All except one stated that they had been forcibly relocated by the tatmadaw. The refugees consistently stated that they had fled from the Shan State because of forced labour and relocations, and because they were afraid of the Myanmar army. They reported instances of the army killing their friends and relatives if they were found trying to forage for food or harvest crops outside of relocation sites. Every refugee interviewed by Amnesty International said that they were forced to build roads, military buildings and carry equipment for the tatmadaw, and many reported that they worked alongside children as young as 10. -
Location Indicators by Indicator
ECCAIRS 4.2.6 Data Definition Standard Location Indicators by indicator The ECCAIRS 4 location indicators are based on ICAO's ADREP 2000 taxonomy. They have been organised at two hierarchical levels. 12 January 2006 Page 1 of 251 ECCAIRS 4 Location Indicators by Indicator Data Definition Standard OAAD OAAD : Amdar 1001 Afghanistan OAAK OAAK : Andkhoi 1002 Afghanistan OAAS OAAS : Asmar 1003 Afghanistan OABG OABG : Baghlan 1004 Afghanistan OABR OABR : Bamar 1005 Afghanistan OABN OABN : Bamyan 1006 Afghanistan OABK OABK : Bandkamalkhan 1007 Afghanistan OABD OABD : Behsood 1008 Afghanistan OABT OABT : Bost 1009 Afghanistan OACC OACC : Chakhcharan 1010 Afghanistan OACB OACB : Charburjak 1011 Afghanistan OADF OADF : Darra-I-Soof 1012 Afghanistan OADZ OADZ : Darwaz 1013 Afghanistan OADD OADD : Dawlatabad 1014 Afghanistan OAOO OAOO : Deshoo 1015 Afghanistan OADV OADV : Devar 1016 Afghanistan OARM OARM : Dilaram 1017 Afghanistan OAEM OAEM : Eshkashem 1018 Afghanistan OAFZ OAFZ : Faizabad 1019 Afghanistan OAFR OAFR : Farah 1020 Afghanistan OAGD OAGD : Gader 1021 Afghanistan OAGZ OAGZ : Gardez 1022 Afghanistan OAGS OAGS : Gasar 1023 Afghanistan OAGA OAGA : Ghaziabad 1024 Afghanistan OAGN OAGN : Ghazni 1025 Afghanistan OAGM OAGM : Ghelmeen 1026 Afghanistan OAGL OAGL : Gulistan 1027 Afghanistan OAHJ OAHJ : Hajigak 1028 Afghanistan OAHE OAHE : Hazrat eman 1029 Afghanistan OAHR OAHR : Herat 1030 Afghanistan OAEQ OAEQ : Islam qala 1031 Afghanistan OAJS OAJS : Jabul saraj 1032 Afghanistan OAJL OAJL : Jalalabad 1033 Afghanistan OAJW OAJW : Jawand 1034 -
IDP 2011 Eng Cover Master
Map 7 : Southern and Central Shan State Hsipaw Mongmao INDIA Ta ng ya n CHINA Mongyai MYANMAR (BURMA) LAOS M Y A N M A R / B U R M A THAILAND Pangsang Kehsi Mong Hsu Matman Salween Mongyang S H A N S T A T E Mongket COAL MINE Mongla Mong Kung Pang Mong Ping Kunhing Kengtung Yatsauk Laikha Loilem Namzarng Monghpyak Mong Kok COAL MINE Taunggyi KENG TAWNG DAM COAL MINE Nam Pawn Mong Hsat Mongnai TASANG Tachilek Teng DAM Langkher Mongpan Mongton Mawkmai Hsihseng en Salwe Pekon T H A I L A N D Loikaw Kilometers Shadaw Demawso Wieng Hang Ban Mai 01020 K A Y A H S T A T E Nai Soi Tatmadaw Regional Command Refugee Camp Development Projects Associated with Human Rights Abuses Tatmadaw Military OPS Command International Boundary Logging Tatmadaw Battalion Headquarters State/Region Boundary Dam BGF/Militia HQ Rivers Mine Tatmadaw Outpost Roads Railroad Construction BGF/Militia Outpost Renewed Ceasefire Area (UWSA, NDAA) Road Construction Displaced Village, 2011 Resumed Armed Resistance (SSA-N) IDP Camp Protracted Armed Resistance (SSA-S, PNLO) THAILAND BURMA BORDER CONSORTIUM 43 Map 12 : Tenasserim / Tanintharyi Region INDIA T H A I L A N D CHINA MYANMAR Yeb yu (BURMA) LAOS Dawei Kanchanaburi Longlon THAILAND Thayetchaung Bangkok Ban Chaung Tham Hin T A N I N T H A R Y I R E G I O N Gulf Taninth of Palaw a Thailand ryi Mergui Andaman Sea Tanintharyi Mawtaung Bokpyin Kilometers 0 50 100 Kawthaung Development Projects Associated Tatmadaw Regional Command Refugee Camp with Human Rights Abuses Tatmadaw Military OPS Command International Boundary Gas -
Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2005 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 8, 2006
Burma Page 1 of 24 2005 Human Rights Report Released | Daily Press Briefing | Other News... Burma Country Reports on Human Rights Practices - 2005 Released by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor March 8, 2006 Since 1962, Burma, with an estimated population of more than 52 million, has been ruled by a succession of highly authoritarian military regimes dominated by the majority Burman ethnic group. The current controlling military regime, the State Peace and Development Council (SPDC), led by Senior General Than Shwe, is the country's de facto government, with subordinate Peace and Development Councils ruling by decree at the division, state, city, township, ward, and village levels. In 1990 prodemocracy parties won more than 80 percent of the seats in a generally free and fair parliamentary election, but the junta refused to recognize the results. Twice during the year, the SPDC convened the National Convention (NC) as part of its purported "Seven-Step Road Map to Democracy." The NC, designed to produce a new constitution, excluded the largest opposition parties and did not allow free debate. The military government totally controlled the country's armed forces, excluding a few active insurgent groups. The government's human rights record worsened during the year, and the government continued to commit numerous serious abuses. The following human rights abuses were reported: abridgement of the right to change the government extrajudicial killings, including custodial deaths disappearances rape, torture, and beatings of -
Ethnic Armed Actors and Justice Provision in Myanmar
Ethnic Armed Actors and Justice Provision in Myanmar Brian McCartan and Kim Jolliffe October 2016 Preface As a result of decades of ongoing civil war, large areas of Myanmar remain outside government rule, or are subject to mixed control and governance by the government and an array of ethnic armed actors (EAAs). These included ethnic armed organizations, with ceasefires or in conflict with the state, as well as state-backed ethnic paramilitary organizations, such as the Border Guard Forces and People’s Militia Forces. Despite this complexity, order has been created in these areas, in large part through customary justice mechanisms at the community level, and as a result of justice systems administered by EAAs. Though the rule of law and the workings of Myanmar’s justice system are receiving increasing attention, the role and structure of EAA justice systems and village justice remain little known and therefore, poorly understood. As such, The Asia Foundation is pleased to present this research on justice provision and ethnic armed actors in Myanmar, as part of the Foundation’s Social Services in Contested Areas in Myanmar series. The study details how the village, and village-based mechanisms, are the foundation of stability and order for civilians in most of these areas. These systems have then been built through EAA justice systems, which maintain a hierarchy of courts above the village level. Understanding the continuity and stability of these village systems, and the heterogeneity of the EAA justice systems which work alongside them, is essential for understanding civilians’ experiences of justice and security across Myanmar, as well as the opportunities for positive change that exist in Myanmar’s ongoing peace process and governance reforms.