Introduction
Notes Introduction 1. For definitions of plantations, see P. P. Courtenay, Plantation Agriculture (London, Bell and Hyman, 1980), 7–19; Paul E. Lovejoy, “Plantations in the Economy of the Sokoto Caliphate,” Journal of African History 19, 3 (1978): 341–68; Frederick Cooper, Plantation Slavery on the East Coast of Africa (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1977), 2–20; Jay R. Mandle, “The Plantation Economy: An Essay in Definition,” in Eugene D. Genovese, ed., The Slave Economies: Volume 1 Historical and Theoretical Perspectives (New York, John Wiley and Sons, 1973), 223–24. 2. Paul E. Lovejoy, “The Characteristics of Plantations in the Nineteenth-Century Sokoto Caliphate (Islamic West Africa),” American Historical Review 84 (1979): 1271. 3. Kenneth M. Stampp, The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1956), 31. 4. Ibid., 36. 5. Such as Jay Mandle, The Root of Black Poverty: The Southern Economy After the Civil War (Durham, NC, Duke University Press, 1978), 3–15; M. G. Smith, “Slavery and Emancipation in Two Societies,” Social and Economic Studies 3, 3–4 (1954): 239–90; and M. G. Smith, “Slavery and Emancipation in Two Societies,” M. G. Smith, ed., The Plural Society in the British West Indies (Berkeley and Los Angeles, University of California Press, 1965), 116–61. 6. See the works of Paul E. Lovejoy, Transformations in Slavery. A History of Slavery in Africa (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2000); and “Characteristics of Plantations,” 1270–85 for more on this viewpoint. 7. Lovejoy, “Characteristics of Plantations,” 1270–85. 8. Ibid., 1267–92. However scholars may differ in their definition of “plantation,” most would agree that the features highlighted in this last definition are among essential characteristics.
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