Chieftaincy and Security in Nigeria: the Role of Traditional Institutions

Chieftaincy and Security in Nigeria Past, Present, and Future Edited by Abdalla Uba Adamu ii Chieftaincy and Security in Nigeria Past, Present, and Future Proceedings of the National Conference on Chieftaincy and Security in Nigeria. Organized by the Kano State Emirate Council to commemorate the 40th anniversary of His Royal Highness, the Emir of Kano, Alhaji Ado Bayero, CFR, LLD, as the Emir of Kano (October 1963-October 2003) H.R.H. Alhaji (Dr.) Ado Bayero, CFR, LLD 40th Anniversary (1383-1424 A.H., 1963-2003) Allah Ya Kara Jan Zamanin Sarki, Amin. iii Copyright Pages © ISBN © All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the editors. iv Contents A Brief Biography of the Emir of Kano..............................................................vi Editorial Note........................................................................................................i Preface...................................................................................................................i Opening Lead Papers Chieftaincy and Security in Nigeria: The Role of Traditional Institutions...........1 Lt. General Aliyu Mohammed (rtd), GCON Chieftaincy and Security in Nigeria: A Case Study of Sarkin Kano Alhaji Ado Bayero and the Kano Emirate Council...............................................................14 Dr. Ibrahim Tahir, M.A. (Cantab) PhD (Cantab) Chieftaincy and Security in Nigeria: An Overview of Non-centralised East/West Niger Igbo ..........................................................................................................27 H.E. Chimaroke Nnamani Session 1: The Past Colonial Power and Traditional Legitimacy: Contradictions in Defining and Maintaining Security..........................................................................................43 P.J. Shea The N. A. Systems and Security in the Northern and Western Regions of Nigeria ............................................................................................................................60 Kemi Rotimi, PhD Local Authority in Gombe Emirate with particular Reference to the Creation of the District Head System, 1902-1920...............................................................149 Isa Alkali Abba Cooperation between Religious Leaders and Traditional Authority in Kano ..186 Dr. Asma’u Seed Traditional Security Structures among the Polities of Northern Jos Plateau in North-Central Nigeria ......................................................................................198 J.G. Nengel The Role of The Attah of Igala in the Security System of Igalaland, c.1800-1940 ..........................................................................................................................220 M.S. Abdulkadir Atta Ibrahim and Security in Ebiraland 1917 - 1954........................................233 A. R. Mohammed v The Native Authority Police and the Maintenance of Law and Order in Kano Emirate, 1925-1968..........................................................................................253 Aminu Ya’u Chiranchi Session 2 : The Present Authority and the Power of New Knowledge in Hausaland, 1800-2000 AD...281 Murray Last Ci Rani, Almajiranci and Security in Kano......................................................305 Ibrahim Ado Kurawa Urban Gangs (‘Yan Daba) and Security in Kano State: A Review of Trends And Challenges........................................................................................................326 Baffa Aliyu Umar, PhD Women, Power and Security in Kano Emir’s Palace .......................................339 Hajiya Rabi A. Wali Poverty and Insecurity: Theoretical And Empirical Issues ..............................344 Dr. Badayi M. Sani Session 3: The Future The Question of Sovereignty, Security and Justice in Kanem-Borno History .357 Prof. M. N. Alkali Youth Deviance and Traditional Authority in Kano: Some Issues ..................369 Dr. Salisu Abdullahi The Role of Community Leadership in National Security...............................385 Bashir A. Albasu Appendix 1 Members of the Organising Committee ...........................................................402 Appendix 2 Conference Programme....................................................................................404 Appendix 3.......................................................................................................406 Communiqué Appendix 4.......................................................................................................413 Selected Picture Gallery...................................................................................413 vi A Brief Biography of the Emir of Kano H.R.H. Alhaji (Dr.) Ado Bayero, CFR, LLD 40th Anniversary of Emirship (1383-1424 A.H., 1963-2003) Allah Ya Kara Jan Zamanin Sarki, Amin. His Royal Highness Alhaji Ado Bayero was born on 15th June 1930 (Sunday 17th Muharram 1349), when his father, Abdullahi Bayero, had been on the throne for four years. Ado was the eleventh child of his father and the second of three born to his mother, Hajiya Hasiya. He was named after Abdullahi's first son, Ado, who had died at the age of five. Because of traditional name avoidance, he was given the nickname "Malam" (the teacher, or scholar) by his parents. As a child he was given religious instruction within the palace, and he was later enrolled into the school within the palace which was established by his father the emir in 1936. Ado was then enrolled into the Kano Middle School, where he studied from 1942 to 1946. This was followed by further studies at the School for Arabic Studies, from which he graduated in 1947. He then took up vii employment with the British Bank for West Africa (BBWA), now the First Bank of Nigeria. Ado Bayero left the bank to begin his career with the Kano Native Authority in 1949. While working for the N.A. he attended a number of clerical and administrative courses in Nigeria and abroad. In 1952 he attended the Clerical Training College, Zaria. He then took a course on Local Government in the United Kingdom. In 1953 he became the Chief Clerk of the Kano Town Council. He contested and won the election to the Northern Regional House of Assembly in Kaduna on the ticket of the Northern Peoples' Congress (NPC) in 1954, and he made his inaugural speech in the House on 3rd March 1955. In April 1957 Ado Bayero resigned his seat in the House to take up an appointment as the Police Chief of the Kano Native Administration Police (Wakilin Doka). He was appointed Nigeria's Ambassador to Senegal in late 1962. In the second week of October 1963, Ado Bayero was on a French course in Switzerland when he was summoned back to Nigeria after the death of his uncle, Emir Muhammadu Inuwa. He arrived back in Kano on the 14th October to be informed that he had been appointed the new Emir of Kano. On 25th. June 1966 the Emir of Kano Ado Bayero was installed as the Chancellor of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, in an obvious attempt to try and ease tension and hold the nation together. Since then he has been called on to play many mediating roles, and he has been given numerous honours and degrees. From the 12th to the 15th of October 2003 the people of Kano Emirate as well as of Nigeria as a whole joined the Emir of Kano Ado Bayero in celebrating the fortieth anniversary of his reign. Editorial Note This book contains most of the papers presented at the National Conference on Chieftaincy and Security in Nigeria held from Monday 13th October to Wednesday 15th October 2003 at the Murtala Muhammad Library Complex, Kano, Nigeria. The Conference was held to commemorate the 40th anniversary of His Royal Highness, the Emir of Kano, Alhaji (Dr.) Ado Bayero, CFR, LLD, as the Emir of Kano (October 1963-October 2003). The conference attracted a lot of interest due to its topical nature, and for the three days the paper presentations lasted, critical commentaries were made about the relationship between chieftaincy and security in traditional institutions. The papers in these proceedings are arranged according to the schedule of presentation during the conference. This makes it easier to follow the blocks of time in analysing the relationship between chieftaincy matters and traditional power structures from pre- colonial, to colonial and post-colonial periods in the history of Nigeria. The logistic problems faced in assembling the papers immediately after the conference caused the delay between the actual conference itself (2003) and the publication of the proceedings (2006). When it was increasingly getting clear that the papers may not be edited, a decision was taken to assemble whatever was available, edit and publish it. Further, the death of Prof. Philip J. Shea in April 2006 meant that the electronic copies of the papers–which were deposited in his computer–could not be retrieved since he died intestate. A further decision taken was to re- scan all the papers from the physical copies submitted to the Secretariat of the Conference. Thus with the tremendous cooperation of Alhaji Muhammad Maharaz Karaye, Bauran Kano, who was also the Secretary of the main Local Organizing Committee, the papers were scanned by Professor Abdalla Uba Adamu in August 2006. The editing process started soon after. Editing the scanned files proved challenging on many occasions due to the widely different formatting as well as referencing

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