BIOLOGY 101 and 102 FINAL EXAM SPRING 2002 NAME______

1) Analogous structures among organisms, such as bird 7) According to Mendel’s Principle of wings and insect wings, are evidence of: Segregation______. a) divergent evolution a) each pair of alleles stays together in each b) convergent evolution gamete (egg or sperm) c) random changes b) homologous chromosomes move to the same d) prezygotic isolation gamete e) common ancestry c) gametes are diploid d) gametes have one copy of each chromosome and thus, one copy of each allele 2) Which of the following is not a requirement for e) more gametes carrying the dominant allele are natural selection? produced than gametes carrying the recessive a) differential reproductive success allele b) overproduction of offspring c) genetic variation d) catastrophic events 8) DNA differs from RNA because: e) inheritance a) DNA has a sugar-phosphate backbone and RNA has a nucleotide phosphate backbone b) DNA has ribose sugar and RNA has 3) Which of the following is a hypothesis? deoxyribose sugar a) My computer doesn’t work. c) DNA has guanine and RNA has adenine b) My computer doesn’t work because it has a d) DNA has thymine and RNA has uracil virus. e) DNA is single stranded and RNA is double c) What is wrong with my computer? stranded d) My computer is too old. e) If I erase my hard drive, my computer will work again. 9) If adenine makes up 30% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percentage of the bases are guanine? 4) What is the #1 reason why species go extinct? a) 80% a) habitat loss b) 60% b) introduced species c) 40% c) disease d) 20% d) overhunting e) 30% e) pollution

10) In an evolutionary sense, why is it dangerous to use Joe is heterozygous for a widow’s peak and has the antibiotic drugs to treat patients with viral genotype Ww. Use this information to answer questions infections? 5 and 6. a) it’s not- most people expect drugs when they go to the doctor 5) The alleles represented by letters W and w are: b) by increasing your dependence on antibiotics, a) on the X and Y chromosomes you are compromising the health of your b) both dominant immune system c) on homologous chromosomes c) you may become immune to antibiotics d) both present in all Joe’s sperm cells d) antibiotics do not kill viruses and bacteria that e) on the same chromosomes, but far apart are in your system can become resistant to antibiotics e) viruses become resistant to the antibiotics 6) Assume now that widow’s peaks are a dominant trait and Joe marries Jane, who is also heterozygous. What is the percent chance that Joe and Jane’s 11) What are alleles? children will have widow’s peaks? a) homologous chromosomes a) 0% b) environmental factors that affect gene b) 25% expression c) 50% c) alternate forms of a gene d) 75% d) alternate phenotypes e) 100% e) non-homologous chromosomes

Page 1 BIOLOGY 101 and 102 FINAL EXAM SPRING 2002 NAME______

12) We are concerned that, sometime in the 21st century 18) Competition between two species can most likely as the number of humans on Earth approaches 10 result in: billion, that we may reach the limit of the number of a) mimicry people that the planet can sustain. This idea is an b) resource partitioning application of which principle? c) crypsis a) ecological equilibrium d) chemical defense b) niche separation e) mutualism c) J curve d) carrying capacity e) exponential growth 19) The basic order of the steps of protein synthesis is: a) DNA->translation->mRNA->transcription- 13) What type of reproductive isolating mechanism is >protein demonstrated by a situation in which female frogs b) DNA->transcription->tRNA->translation- will only mate with males that have a certain call? >protein a) behavioral isolation c) mRNA->transcription->DNA->translation- b) habitat isolation >protein c) temporal isolation d) DNA->transcription->mRNA->translation- d) post-zygotic isolation >protein e) hybrid sterility e) DNA->mRNA->transcription->translation- >protein 14) You are a farmer here in Palouse growing lentils and wheat (what else?). You remember learning about integrated pest management in Biology 102 class at 20) What is the main difference between stem cell “Wazzu.” Ahem, I mean WSU. Which of the research and cloning? following are part of an integrated pest management a) Pre-embryos are “harvested” at the zygote stage strategy? in stem cell research a) careful use of pesticides b) Pre-embryos are “harvested” at the blastocyst b) use of natural predators of crop pests stage in stem cell research c) use of natural competitors of crop pests c) stem cell research involves a surrogate mother d) bioengineering crops that are resistant to pests d) cloning produces tissues, stem cell research e) all of the above produces new individuals e) cloning involves replacing nuclei of eggs, stem 15) Which of the following are prokaryotes? cell research involves replacing nuclei of sperm a) bacteria b) fungi c) plants 21) How did scientists tell that illegal whale meat was d) insects being sold in Japan? e) mammals a) they aligned DNA sequences of random samples collected from Japanese markets with 16) Which of the following is not evidence of descent those collected from known species in the ocean with modification? b) they saw fisherman catching whales a) relatedness of life forms (e.g., hierarchy) c) they compared VNTR loci of “fish” being sold b) change through time (e.g., pepper moth) in markets and whales and found a match with c) transitional forms in the fossil record illegal species d) life on earth is old (geological evidence) d) they tasted the meat of whales and those sold in e) giraffes that stretched to reach higher leaves Japanese markets have offspring with longer necks e) none of the above

17) One reason not to cut down the tropical rainforest is because a plant species may hold a cure for cancer. 22) Which of the following is a practical application of This idea represents which way that biodiversity can cloning? be valued, according to lecture? a) Dolly the sheep a) economic b) Gene therapy b) potential c) making crops resistant to pests c) aesthetic d) Glow in the dark rabbit d) ecological e) all of the above are applications of cloning e) intrinsic research

Page 2 BIOLOGY 101 and 102 FINAL EXAM SPRING 2002 NAME______

23) Why do some doctors suggest a period where no 28) Which of the following is not a potential reason why drugs should be used when treating patients with we see so many different species on the Earth (think HIV? about angiosperms and Cambrian Explosion). a) the patient’s immune system can rebound and a) plate tectonics and continental drift fight off the infection b) all life has a nucleus as a component of cells b) HIV evolves drug resistance and susceptible c) climate fluctuates regularly, causing big freezes strains of HIV will rebound when drugs are and then glacial recession removed d) mass extinctions c) drugs mutate quickly e) complex predator-prey relationships d) HIV causes only the strongest T cells in the patient to survive; when drugs are removed, the patient is healthy again 29) Which of the following is a key characteristic of e) all of the above chordates? a) they include insects b) they are pseudocoelomates c) they have a notochord 24) The age structure of humans in Mexico is as d) they include the gastropods follows: 50% pre-reproductive age, 30% e) they are radially symmetrical reproductive age, 20% post-reproductive age. What do you predict will happen to the number of people in Mexico? 30) Which of the following most closely resembles a a) increase population in the biological sense? b) decrease a) the human population c) remain stable b) the Snake River fish population d) decrease, then increase c) the Costa Rican bird population e) decrease, then remain stable d) the Palouse White-Tailed Deer population e) the Flying purple people eater population

25) William Paley is responsible for which idea? a) intelligent design 31) Grazing animals such as horses and cows are: b) natural selection a) Producers c) “conditions of existence” b) Primary consumers d) “Scala Naturae” c) Secondary consumers e) hierarchical classification of organisms d) Tertiary consumers e) Quaternary consumers

26) Approximately how long ago did Homo sapiens (modern humans) evolve? 32) An organism feeding at multiple trophic levels is a) 100,000 years called a/an: b) 500,000 years a) Producer c) 1.8 million years b) Secondary consumer d) 2.5 million years c) Omnivore e) 4.4 million years d) Quaternary consumer e) Herbivore

27) Allopatric speciation could be caused by: a) a volcano or other geographic barrier b) salmon that breed in the same stream but at 33) How much chemical energy (stored as biomass) is different times available to primary consumers from 10,000 kcal of c) gall flies that breed in the same field, but on primary productivity? different gall plants with different predators a) 1 kcal d) an error in cell division of a plant that causes it b) 10 kcal to be reproductively incompatible with c) 100 kcal neighboring plants d) 1000 kcal e) none of the above e) 10,000 kcal

Page 3 BIOLOGY 101 and 102 FINAL EXAM SPRING 2002 NAME______

34) The Gulf Stream and Japan currents both move 40) The by-products of cellular respiration are: clockwise from a southerly point of origin in the a) Glucose and oxygen northern hemisphere. What is the result of these b) ADP and ATP currents? c) Carbon dioxide and water a) Warming at northern latitudes d) ATP and glucose b) Warming at southern latitudes e) A phosphate group and water c) Stabilization at all latitudes d) Cooling at northern latitudes 41) The principle known as ‘Conservation of Energy’ e) Cooling at southern latitudes states that: a) Energy is either created or destroyed b) Energy can neither be created nor destroyed c) 25% use of alternative energy sources must be 35) The Humbolt current might most directly be achieved by 2013 associated with: d) Kinetic energy is the product of motion a) Warming Western Australia e) Energy cycles and chemicals flow b) Cooling Eastern Africa c) Warming the British Isles 42) Which of the following would not be a potential d) Cooling western South America result of increasing temperature in an aquatic e) Cooling Eastern South America biosystem? a) Reduce available oxygen b) Increase the rate of evaporation 36) Which of the following is/are not directly associated c) Increase the metabolism of phytoplankton with ascending (rising) moist air in the tropics: d) Change in the community composition a) Release of moisture into the tropics e) Reduce salinity in the system b) An area of calm called the “doldrums” c) Polar ice caps d) Descending dry air over the tropics 43) Which of the following is/are true of cellular e) Dry and Tropical rainforests respiration? a) Cells use oxygen to help harvest the energy potential of organic food molecules 37) Seasons are a direct result of: b) Light generation from cellular metabolism a) The distance between Earth and the sun accounts for about 60% of the energy released b) The tilt of the planet as it orbits the sun c) Heat generated from fuel consumption in cells c) The orientation of the nine planets of solar is rarely used by terrestrial mammals system d) This process builds organic fuel molecules from d) The angle of the sun relative to the equator inorganic materials. e) Global warming e) In the absence of oxygen, Nitrogen may be substituted

38) According to lecture, of the following abiotic 44) An aerobic process (such as cellular respiration…): factors, which has the most significant impact on a) Requires nitrogen producers? b) Requires carbon dioxide a) Disturbance c) Requires light b) Sunlight d) Requires oxygen c) Temperature e) Requires water d) Wind e) Rocks 45) Which statement is not correct? a) The metabolic pathway for cellular respiration includes Glycolysis, the Krebs Cycle, and electron transport 39) Which of the following is a secondary consumer? b) Cellular respiration is responsible for the a) An herbivorous insect conversion of energy used to do cellular work b) A detritivore c) Cellular respiration is a single reaction c) A seed eating bird d) Cellular respiration requires the intake of d) A carnivorous plant protein e) An insect eating bird (insectivore) e) Cellular respiration occurs within the cytoplasm, the interior of the mirochondria, and though the membranes of mitochondria

Page 4 BIOLOGY 101 and 102 FINAL EXAM SPRING 2002 NAME______

46) Energy is made directly available for cellular work 53) The temperate deciduous forest is characterized by when: a) Its presence near the poles a) ATP is released by fatty acids b) The strong influence of trade winds b) ATP gains a phosphate group c) Permafrost and the presence of tall trees c) ATP is energized by light d) Dense stands of deciduous trees d) ATP loses a phosphate group e) Large herbivores and their predators e) ADP is energized by light

47) Of the foods humans consume, which group can be 54) Which of the following biomes are heavily used as fuel for cellular respiration? influenced by, or dependent on fire? a) The macronutriens; Fat, carbohydrates, and a) Savanna, Chaparral, and desert protein b) Tropical forest, Chaparral, and temperate b) The micronutrients; zinc, calcium, and grasslands phosphorus c) Temperate grasslands, chaparral and Savanna c) Sugar, starch, and iodine d) Chaparral, Desert, and tundra d) Only carbohydrates e) Coniferous forest, deciduous forest, and tropical e) Only fatty acids forest.

48) Cellular reproduction is most closely associated with which of the following? 55) Heterotrophs include a) Fertilization of oocytes a) All plants b) Insuring genetic variability in the next b) All protists generation c) All animals c) Replacing lost or damaged cells d) All bacteria d) Metastasis e) All eukaryotes e) Production of gametes 56) Which of the following results in an interruption to 49) The Cell Cycle, which includes interphase and electron transport? mitosis, is found in: a) Food poisoning a) Eukaryotes and prokaryotes b) Trisomy 21 b) Prokaryotes only c) Non-hodgkins lymphoma c) Archaea only d) Cyanide and Carbon Monoxide poisoning d) Eukaryotes only e) Neural tube defects e) Phytoplankton only 57) Grain plants such as soybeans, oats, and wheat: 50) Disruption during interphase will most directly a) Take CO2 directly from the air affect: b) Increase sugar production at night a) Cytokinesis c) Open stomata to decrease water loss b) Duplication of DNA d) Have adaptive enzymes that allow collection of c) Spindle formation CO2 from air spaces in leaves d) Formation of the cell wall e) Store CO2 for release to the Calvin cycle e) Distribution of organelles 58) Plants located in the desert are likely to: 51) Carcinomas and melanomas include: a) Take CO2 directly from the air during day and a) Cancers of the non-neural brain cells night b) Cancers of the blood-forming tissues b) Bank CO2 by night c) Cancers of the connective tissue c) Collect CO2 from air spaces in the leaves by d) Cancers of the skin and pigment way of specialized enzymes e) Cancers of the brain and thyroid d) Have decreased productivity in dry weather e) Stop sugar production to conserve energy 52) Epithelial cancers are the most common malignancies and are called: 59) Which of the following is/are directly related to a) Carcinomas wind as an abiotic factor? b) Melanomas a) Slowing metabolism in plants c) Gliomas b) Concentration of urine in kidneys d) Sarcomas c) Ground level competition e) Leukemias d) Patchiness of the landscape e) Dispersal of pollen and seeds Page 5 BIOLOGY 101 and 102 FINAL EXAM SPRING 2002 NAME______

60) Wind results most directly from: 67) Animals found in the slower, wider downstream a) Global warming portion of a stream with a high-mountain source are b) Uneven heating of air masses generally: c) Uneven heating of water a) More dependent on vision than those upstream d) Ocean currents b) At the producer level of this ecosystem e) Seasons c) Easily moved from fresh to saltwater ecosystems 61) Winds in the temperate region of the northern d) Those that can burrow in mud hemisphere blow e) More dependent on taste and smell than a) East to West organisms in the clear water upstream b) West to East c) More strongly in the summer than in the winter d) More weakly at night than by day 68) Which of the following is not considered a human e) Based on the amount of moisture in the air impact on the environment? a) Natural levels of greenhouse gases 62) Which abiotic factor has the most limiting effect in b) Loss of biodiversity lakes? c) Increased global warming since the industrial a) Sunlight revolution b) Wind d) Depletion of atmospheric ozone c) Temperature e) Distribution of exotic (introduced) species d) Wind e) Rocks 69) Seasonal mixing in freshwater biomes serves to: 63) Salivary glands release enzymes important to the a) Replenish dissolved nutrients in the benthic digestion of zone a) Beef b) Increase the amount of available light in the b) Peanuts photic zone c) Butter c) Increase solute concentrations throughout the d) Pasta water column e) Milk d) Replenish dissolved oxygen in the benthic zone e) Equalize temperatures from the surface to the 64) Energy pyramids represent: bottom of the lake a) The rate of biomass production b) The amount of digestible protein c) The level of biomass storage at each trophic 70) The open ocean or pelagic zone… level a) Supports mainly motile animals d) The recommended balance of foods in the b) Supports mainly detritivores human diet c) Is dependent on mixing with freshwater e) The relative abundance of lean muscle to fat d) Consists mainly of attached algae and fungi e) Provides a rich food source of rooted plants 65) Phytoplankton and rooted plants are most likely to be found: a) In the photic zone of freshwater biomes b) In the absence of phosphorus 71) The biggest abiotic reservoir for carbon is: c) In marine systems that are subject to seasonal a) Fossil fuels turnover b) Soil d) As a result of artifical input of fertilizers c) Decaying organic debris e) In coral reefs d) The atmosphere e) Plants 66) The benthic zone of a freshwater system a) Represents a transitional zone between salty and fresh extremes 72) Pregnancy is most likely to occur: b) Is rich with algae eating insects such as mayfly a) Near the end of the cycle (Days 21-28) larvae b) At the middle of menstrual cycle (Days 12-17) c) Is dominated by detritovores c) At the beginning of the menstrual cycle (Days d) Is dominated by motile animals and passive 1-7) drifters d) Only with female orgasm e) Is usually cool, clear, and low in nutrients e) Just prior to the date when a period is expected

Page 6 BIOLOGY 101 and 102 FINAL EXAM SPRING 2002 NAME______

73) The recommended food intake for most people 77) According to lecture and our text, the most fertile includes: soil is associated with: a) About 60% grains a) Deserts b) About 40% protein b) Deciduous Forests c) At least 12% fat c) Grasslands d) No more than 50% carbohydrates d) Tundra e) 6-11 serving of fruits and vegetables e) Tropical forests

78) Where would I find a Chaparral biome? 74) The Body Mass Index: a) At northern-most latitudes a) Includes a factor for athletic ability b) At southern-most latitudes b) Is a direct measure of your percentage of lean c) Near the equator muscle to fat d) In mid-latitude coastal areas c) Is measured in a doctor’s office by using e) At the edge of a deciduous forest calipers d) Establishes a guide for weight relative to height 79) Select the correct pair: e) Remains constant throughout adulthood a) March equinox and equator facing the sun directly b) March equinox and the northern hemisphere 75) What factor has the most significant contribution to tilting toward the sun the nutrient richness of a temperate deciduous c) December solstice and the equator facing the forest? sun directly a) The burning of grasses d) June solstice and the northern hemisphere tilting b) Wastes from grazing animals away from the sun c) Decaying leaves e) September equinox and the northern hemisphere d) Direct input of nutrients from rainfall tilting toward the sun e) Vertical stratification

80) What would you expect to be the effect on primary 76) Desert animals may demonstrate which adaptive consumers if large numbers of secondary consumers strategy? disappeared? a) Acclimation a) An increase due to loss of predators b) Behavioral adaptation b) No change, the system would immediately c) Physiological adaptation rebalance d) Structural adaptation c) A decrease due to loss of production e) All of the above are possible d) A change in the main diet of primary consumers e) Migration to a more stable ecosystem

Did you write you name on the scantron? Did you write your number on the scantron? Did you fill in the bubbles for your name and student number? Did you answer all 80 questions? Did you erase completely when you changed answers?

Best wishes for a safe and happy summer! Dr. Storfer, Dr. Marshall, and the biology TA team

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