General Biology 101
ECOLOGY AND BIODIVERSITY Introductions
Syllabus Term Schedule Expectations Getting help! Introductions
Name Tags – 1. Your NAME 2. TWO DRAWINGS that tell me something about YOU 3. On the inside, tell me something about your learning style – how do you learn best? Chapter 1: Life on Earth Chapter 1: Life on Earth
OUTCOMES: Chapter 1: Life on Earth
OUTCOMES: Discuss community interactions Chapter 1: Life on Earth
OUTCOMES: Discuss community interactions Explain how changes in human population and/or actions impact natural ecosystems Chapter 1: Life on Earth
OUTCOMES: Discuss community interactions Explain how changes in human population and/or actions impact natural ecosystems Describe the movement of energy & nutrients through trophic levels Chapter 1: Life on Earth
OUTCOMES: Discuss community interactions Explain how changes in human population and/or actions impact natural ecosystems Describe the movement of energy & nutrients through trophic levels Recognize the appropriate taxonomic level of an organism based on key characteristics or traits
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis: supposition, based on previous observations Tested with experimentation Chapter 1: Life on Earth
A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis: supposition, based on previous observations Tested with experimentation Chapter 1: Life on Earth
A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis Theory: an explanation of natural phenomena, developed through extensive observation and experimentation Chapter 1: Life on Earth
A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis Theory: an explanation of natural phenomena, developed through extensive observation and experimentation
“If we knew what we were doing, we wouldn’t call it RESEARCH.” - Albert Einstein
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis Theory LAW: An absolute; a mathematically prove-able fact Chapter 1: Life on Earth
A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis Theory LAW: Newton’s Law of Gravity Chapter 1: Life on Earth
A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living organisms/systems Hypothesis Theory Four LAWS of Thermodynamics
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE BIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines “Alive”? Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained – homeostasis Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained – homeostasis 3. Respond to stimuli from the environment Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained – homeostasis 3. Respond to stimuli from the environment 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained – homeostasis 3. Respond to stimuli from the environment 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment 5. Convert to usable form – GROW Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained – homeostasis 3. Respond to stimuli from the environment 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment 5. Convert to usable form – GROW 6. Able to reproduce
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Biology: Science/Study of LIFE What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1. Composed of cells with organized structure 2. Organized structure is actively maintained – homeostasis 3. Respond to stimuli from the environment 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment 5. Convert to usable form – GROW 6. Able to reproduce 7. Populations can evolve over time Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution
“Nothing in Biology makes sense, except in the light of evolution.” - Theodosius Dobzhansky Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution: Why don’t snakes have legs? Why do we find fossils of animals that don’t exist? Why do we share more than 95% of our genetic code with monkeys? Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification: Natural Selection Charles Darwin/Alfred Russel Wallace Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification: Natural Selection Traits that enhance an organism’s ability to SURVIVE to REPRODUCE and create VIABLE offspring Chapter 1: Life on Earth
THE BIOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE:
SURVIVE to REPRODUCE and create VIABLE offspring. Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification: Natural Selection Traits vary according to organism Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution Descent with modification: Natural Selection Traits vary according to organism Traits enhancing survivorship/reproduction are ADAPTATIONS Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Natural Selection: The Rules 1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population (“mutations”)
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Natural Selection: The Rules 1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the population
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Natural Selection: The Rules 1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the population 3. Some variations must enhance survivorship/ reproductive ability
Baobab trees, Africa Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Natural Selection: The Rules 1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the population 3. Some variations must enhance survivorship/ reproductive ability 4. Traits must be heritable
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
DNA: the genetic “blueprint” of organisms Chapter 1: Life on Earth
DNA: the genetic “blueprint” of organisms Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Natural Selection: The Rules 1. Variation must occur between individuals in a population 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the population 3. Some variations must enhance survivorship/ reproductive ability 4. Traits must be heritable 5. Beneficial traits accumulate in the population over time
Adaptive Radiation e.g. MRSA Additional Evolutionary Processes
Selective Breeding, e.g. Yard Dandelions Additional Evolutionary Processes
Selective Breeding, e.g. Brassica Additional Evolutionary Processes
Sexual Selection: Humans Additional Evolutionary Processes
Sexual Selection: Peacocks Chapter 1: Life on Earth
The Theory of Evolution Typically a very slow process, taking millions of years Current events: altering ability of organisms to adapt Chapter 1: Life on Earth
BI 101 Focus on: ECOLOGY and BIODIVERSITY Chapter 1: Life on Earth
BI 101 Focus on: ECOLOGY: the study of interactions between organisms and the environment (Unit 4) Chapter 1: Life on Earth
BI 101 Focus on: Biodiversity: the variability of life (Unit 3) Chapter 1: Life on Earth
BI 101 Focus on: Populations Species Communities Ecosystems Biospheres Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: Three domains of differing cell types PROKARYOTIC: cells do not have a nucleus 1. Bacteria 2. Archaebacteria Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: Bacteria and Archaebacteria are single-celled, or unicellular
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: Three domains of differing cell types PROKARYOTA 1. Bacteria 2. Archaebacteria EUKARYOTA 3. Eukarya “true nucleus”
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: K – P – C – O – F – G – S Kingdom: Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: Most of the Kingdoms (Fungi, Plants and Animals) are made up of many cells, or are multicellular
Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: K – P – C – O – F – G – S Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family (i.e. last name) Genus/Species: Binomial system of naming (i.e. first and middle name) Boa constrictor Gorilla gorilla Scaptia beyonceae Euglossa bazinga Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: means of acquiring energy Autotroph: self-feeding Chapter 1: Life on Earth
Categorization of Life: means of acquiring energy Heterotroph: other-feeding