BY MATT DRYDEN March 2021
1 Berger, J.M., Extremism (Cambridge, through-the-prevent-programme-april-2019-to- Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 2018), pp. 26-42. march-2020, last visited: 7 January 2021. 2 ‘Individuals referred to and supported through the 3 ‘New statistics warn of increase in young men Prevent programme, April 2019 to March 2020’, becoming fixated on violent extremism’, Counter- Home Office, (2020), available at: Terrorism Policing (2020), available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/individ https://www.counterterrorism.police.uk/new- uals-referred-to-and-supported-through-the- prevent-statistics-warn-of-increase-in-young-men- prevent-programme-april-2019-to-march- becoming-fixated-on-violent-extremism, last 2020/individuals-referred-to-and-supported- visited: 11 January 2021.
4 ‘New statistics warn of increase in young men https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia- becoming fixated on violent extremism’, Counter- 53919624?intlink_from_url=&, last visited: 01 Terrorism Policing (2020) February 2021. 5 Dearden, L., Online Extremism ‘cannot be policed’, 7 ‘James Foley: Islamic State Militants “Behead says Head of UK Counter-Terror Police, The Reporter”’. BBC News, 20 August 2014, available at: Independent, 7 January 2021, available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east- https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home- 28862268, last visited: 01 February 2021. news/extremism-online-police-definition-freedom- 8 Greer, R., ‘Weighing the Value and Risks of expression-basu-b1779631.html, last visited: 01 Deplatforming’. Global Network on Extremism and February 2021. Technology (2020), available at: https://gnet- research.org/2020/05/11/weighing-the-value-and- 6 ‘Christchurch Mosque Attack: Brenton Tarrant risks-of-deplatforming/, last visited: 01 February Sentenced to Life Without Parole’, BBC News, 27 2020 August 2020, available at:
9 ‘The Manosphere’, Hope not Hate (2019), available appears-to-have-been-racist-incel, last visited: 01 at: February 2021. https://www.hopenothate.org.uk/2019/02/18/stat e-of-hate-2019-manosphere-explained, last visited: 12 Beauchamp, Z., ‘Incel, The Misogynist Ideology 01 February 2021. that Inspired the Deadly Toronto Attack, Explained’, 10 ‘Incels (Involuntary Celibates)’, ADL (2020), Vox, 25 April 2018, available at: available at: https://www.vox.com/world/2018/4/25/17277496 https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounders/inc /incel-toronto-attack-alek-minassian, last visited: 01 els-involuntary-celibates, last visited: 01 February February 2021. 2021. 13 Van Brunt, B; and Chris Taylor, Understanding and 11 ‘Tallahassee Shooter Appears to Have Been Racist Treating Incels (New York: Routledge, 2021), p. 48. Incel’, ADL (2018), available at: 14 ‘Elliot Rodger is Isla Vista Drive-By Killer- US https://www.adl.org/blog/tallahassee-shooter- Police’, BBC News, 25 May 2014, available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada- 27562917, last visited: 01 February 2021.
15 Glasstetter, J., ‘Elliot Rodger, Isla Vista Shooting to 2015 Oregon college rampage’, Los Angeles Suspect, Posted Misogynistic Video Before Attack’, Times, 23 September 2017, available at: Southern Poverty Law Centre (2014), available at: https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-school- https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2014/05/24 shootings-2017-story.html, last visited: 02 February /elliot-rodger-isla-vista-shooting-suspect-posted- 2021. misogynistic-video- 18 ‘Alek Minassian: Toronto van attack suspect “killed attack#:~:text=Hours%20before%20the%20attack, 10 people because he was sexually frustrated”’. Sky %20Rodger%20recorded%20a%20chilling,humanit News, 27 September 2019, available at: y%E2%80%9D%20because%20girls%20rejected%2 https://news.sky.com/story/alek-minassian- 0him%20in%20his%20life, last visited: 01 February toronto-van-attack-suspect-killed-10-people- 2021. because-he-was-sexually-frustrated-11820726, last 16 Rodger, E., ‘My Twisted World: The Story of Elliot visited: 02 February 2021. Rodger’, No Institution (2014), available at: 19 ‘Florida Yoga Gunman: Shooter “posted https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/11738 misogynist videos”’. BBC News, 4 November 2018, 08-elliot-rodger-manifesto.html, last visited: 01 available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world- February 2021. us-canada-46090014, last visited: 02 February 17 Anderson, R., ‘“Here I am, 26, with no friends, no 2021. job, no girlfriend”: Shooter’s manifesto offers clues
Case Study: Anwar Driouich
Case Study: Gabrielle Friel
20 ‘Middlesbrough Man Sentenced for Terrorism available at: Offences’, Counter-Terrorism Policing (2020), https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article- available at: 8157661/amp/Britains-Incel-bomb-maker-told- https://www.counterterrorism.police.uk/middlesbr friend-wanted-massacre-place.html, last visited: 01 ough-man-sentenced-for-explosives-and-terrorism- February 2021. offences, last visited: 25 January 2021. 23 Brown, M., ‘Teesville Terror Fantasist with Interest 21 Rodger, J., ‘Fantasist Obsessed with Incels Jailed in Mass Shooting Said He Wanted to “Massacre This Over Explosives and Terror Manuals’, Birmingham Place”’, Gazette Live, 27 March 2020, available at: Mail, 27 March 2020, available at: https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/teesside- https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/uk- news/teesville-terror-fantasist-interest-mass- news/fantasist-obsessed-incels-jailed-over- 17997453, last visited: 01 February 2021. 17998017, last visited: 25 January 2021. 24 ‘Sentencing Statements: HMA V Gabrielle Friel’, 22 Odling, G., ‘Britain’s First ‘Incel’ Bomb Maker: Judiciary of Scotland (2021), available at: “Involuntary Celibate” who had no Luck with https://www.judiciary.scot/home/sentences- Women Pleads Guilty to Possessing Explosives and judgments/sentences-and- Terrorist Materials After Saying He Wanted to opinions/2021/01/12/hma-v-gabrielle-friel, last “Massacre This Place”’, Daily Mail 26 March 2020, visited: 01 February 2021.
25 ‘Gabrielle Friel: Man Guilty of Weapons Haul statuscode=acsaz-307, last visited: 01 February Terrorism Charge’, BBC News, 15 December 2020, 2021. available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk- 27 Brown, T., ‘Stabbed in the Back: Cops Blast Police scotland-edinburgh-east-fife-55317874, last visited: Chiefs After Unarmed Officer Stabbed by Crazed 01 February 2021. Knife Fiend at Edinburgh College While Armed 26 Mulholland, J; and Dave Finlay, ‘Gabrielle Friel: Officers Held Back’, The Scottish Sun, 9 July 2018, ‘Incel’ Obsessive Guilty of Terror Charge’, The Times, available at: 16 December 2020, available at: https://www.thescottishsun.co.uk/news/2901593/c https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/gabrielle-friel- ops-blast-chiefs-officer-stabbed-edinburgh- student-obsessed-with-incel-killers-convicted- college/, last visited: 01 February 2021. under-terrorism-act-6lh2sbrwm?region=global&ni-
Case Study: Kyle Davies
28 Cusick, J., ‘Dunblane Massacre: Remembering the 30 ‘Killer’s Manifesto: You Forced Me into a Corner’, School Shooting 20 Years Later’, The Independent, CNN, 18 April 2007, available at: 10 March 2016, available at: http://edition.cnn.com/2007/US/04/18/vtech.sho https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home- oting/index.html, last visited: 02 February 2021. news/dunblane-massacre-remembering-school- 31 ‘Documents Shed Light on Sandy Hook Shooter shooting-20-years-later-a6923756.html, last visited: Adam Lanza’s tortured Mind’, CBS News, 10 02 February 2021. December 2018, available at: 29 ‘Sixteen Dead After High School Massacre’, The https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sandy-hook- Guardian, 21 April 1999, available at: newtown-connecticut-shooter-adam-lanza- https://www.theguardian.com/world/1999/apr/21/ tortured-mind-documents-shed-light/, last visited: usgunviolence.usa, last visited: 02 February 2021. 02 February 2021.
Case Study: Thomas Wyllie and Alex Bolland
32‘Gloucester Teen Kyle Davis Guilty of Mass 36 Christian, B., ‘Kyle Davies: British teen obsessed Shooting Plot’, BBC News, 22 July 2019, available at: with mass shootings jailed for 16 years for ordering https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england- gun off dark web’, Evening Standard, 13 September gloucestershire-49072284, last visited: 02 February 2019, available at: 2021. https://www.standard.co.uk/news/crime/brit-teen- 33 ‘Gloucester Teenager Sentenced to 19 Years After obsessed-with-mass-shootings-jailed-for-ordering- Gun Seized and Mass Shooting Plans Discovered’, gun-online-a4236316.html, last visited: 02 February SWROCU (2019), available at: 2021. https://www.swrocu.police.uk/news/2019/09/glou cester-teenager-sentenced-to-19-years-after-gun- 37 Jenkins, R., ‘Jury considers their verdicts in trial of seized-and-mass-shooting-plans-discovered/, last “intelligent but quiet” teen who “planned mass visited: 02 February 2021. murder”’, Gloucestershire Live, 19 July 2019, 34 ibid. available at: 35 ‘Gloucester Weapons Charge Teenager “had deep https://www.gloucestershirelive.co.uk/news/glouc interest in mass murderers”’, BBC News, 8 July 2019, ester-news/jury-considers-verdicts-trial-intelligent- available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk- 3112554, last visited: 03 February 2021. england-gloucestershire-48912607, last visited: 02 38 ‘Regina v Thomas Wyllie & Alex Bolland’, Judiciary February 2021. of England and Wales (2018), available at: https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-
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content/uploads/2018/07/r-v-wylie-and-bolland- northallerton-boys-latest-updates-a8456571.html, sentencing.pdf, last visited: 02 February 2021. last visited: 02 February 2021. 39 Dearden, L., ‘Teenagers who plotted Columbine- 40 ‘Northallerton ‘Columbine’ plot review urges anti- style massacre at Yorkshire school jailed for total of bullying action’, BBC News, 2 September 2020, 22 years’, The Independent, 20 July 2018, available available at: https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk- at: england-york-north-yorkshire- https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/y 54002384?intlink_from_url=&, last visited: 02 orkshire-columbine-massacre-teenager-jailed- February 2021.
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41 ‘Proscribed Terrorist Organisations’, Home Office 901434/20200717_Proscription.pdf, last visited: 03 (2013), available at: February 2021. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/governme nt/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/