Artificial Intelligence and Countering Violent Extremism: a Primer
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The Changing Face of American White Supremacy Our Mission: to Stop the Defamation of the Jewish People and to Secure Justice and Fair Treatment for All
A report from the Center on Extremism 09 18 New Hate and Old: The Changing Face of American White Supremacy Our Mission: To stop the defamation of the Jewish people and to secure justice and fair treatment for all. ABOUT T H E CENTER ON EXTREMISM The ADL Center on Extremism (COE) is one of the world’s foremost authorities ADL (Anti-Defamation on extremism, terrorism, anti-Semitism and all forms of hate. For decades, League) fights anti-Semitism COE’s staff of seasoned investigators, analysts and researchers have tracked and promotes justice for all. extremist activity and hate in the U.S. and abroad – online and on the ground. The staff, which represent a combined total of substantially more than 100 Join ADL to give a voice to years of experience in this arena, routinely assist law enforcement with those without one and to extremist-related investigations, provide tech companies with critical data protect our civil rights. and expertise, and respond to wide-ranging media requests. Learn more: adl.org As ADL’s research and investigative arm, COE is a clearinghouse of real-time information about extremism and hate of all types. COE staff regularly serve as expert witnesses, provide congressional testimony and speak to national and international conference audiences about the threats posed by extremism and anti-Semitism. You can find the full complement of COE’s research and publications at ADL.org. Cover: White supremacists exchange insults with counter-protesters as they attempt to guard the entrance to Emancipation Park during the ‘Unite the Right’ rally August 12, 2017 in Charlottesville, Virginia. -
Duckduckgo Search Engines Android
Duckduckgo search engines android Continue 1 5.65.0 10.8MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.64.0 10.8MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.63.1 10.78MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.62.0 10.36MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.61.2 10.36MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.60.0 10.35MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.59.1 10.35MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.58.1 10.33MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.57.1 10.31MB DuckduckGo Privacy browser © DuckduckGo. Privacy, simplified. This article is about the search engine. For children's play, see duck, duck, goose. Internet search engine DuckDuckGoScreenshot home page DuckDuckGo on 2018Type search engine siteWeb Unavailable inMultilingualHeadquarters20 Paoli PikePaoli, Pennsylvania, USA Area servedWorldwideOwnerDuck Duck Go, Inc., createdGabriel WeinbergURLduckduckgo.comAlexa rank 158 (October 2020 update) CommercialRegregedSeptember 25, 2008; 12 years ago (2008-09-25) was an Internet search engine that emphasized the privacy of search engines and avoided the filter bubble of personalized search results. DuckDuckGo differs from other search engines by not profiling its users and showing all users the same search results for this search term. The company is based in Paoli, Pennsylvania, in Greater Philadelphia and has 111 employees since October 2020. The name of the company is a reference to the children's game duck, duck, goose. The results of the DuckDuckGo Survey are a compilation of more than 400 sources, including Yahoo! Search BOSS, Wolfram Alpha, Bing, Yandex, own web scanner (DuckDuckBot) and others. It also uses data from crowdsourcing sites, including Wikipedia, to fill in the knowledge panel boxes to the right of the results. -
Arxiv:2001.07600V5 [Cs.CY] 8 Apr 2021 Leged Crisis (Lilly 2016)
The Evolution of the Manosphere Across the Web* Manoel Horta Ribeiro,♠;∗ Jeremy Blackburn,4 Barry Bradlyn,} Emiliano De Cristofaro,r Gianluca Stringhini,| Summer Long,} Stephanie Greenberg,} Savvas Zannettou~;∗ EPFL, Binghamton University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign University♠ College4 London, Boston} University, Max Planck Institute for Informatics r Corresponding authors: manoel.hortaribeiro@epfl.ch,| ~ [email protected] ∗ Abstract However, Manosphere communities are scattered through the Web in a loosely connected network of subreddits, blogs, We present a large-scale characterization of the Manosphere, YouTube channels, and forums (Lewis 2019). Consequently, a conglomerate of Web-based misogynist movements focused we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the underly- on “men’s issues,” which has prospered online. Analyzing 28.8M posts from 6 forums and 51 subreddits, we paint a ing digital ecosystem, of the evolution of the different com- comprehensive picture of its evolution across the Web, show- munities, and of the interactions among them. ing the links between its different communities over the years. Present Work. In this paper, we present a multi-platform We find that milder and older communities, such as Pick longitudinal study of the Manosphere on the Web, aiming to Up Artists and Men’s Rights Activists, are giving way to address three main research questions: more extreme ones like Incels and Men Going Their Own Way, with a substantial migration of active users. Moreover, RQ1: How has the popularity/levels of activity of the dif- our analysis suggests that these newer communities are more ferent Manosphere communities evolved over time? toxic and misogynistic than the older ones. -
Automated Tackling of Disinformation
Automated tackling of disinformation STUDY Panel for the Future of Science and Technology European Science-Media Hub EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Scientific Foresight Unit (STOA) PE 624.278 – March 2019 EN Automated tackling of disinformation Major challenges ahead This study maps and analyses current and future threats from online misinformation, alongside currently adopted socio-technical and legal approaches. The challenges of evaluating their effectiveness and practical adoption are also discussed. Drawing on and complementing existing literature, the study summarises and analyses the findings of relevant journalistic and scientific studies and policy reports in relation to detecting, containing and countering online disinformation and propaganda campaigns. It traces recent developments and trends and identifies significant new or emerging challenges. It also addresses potential policy implications for the EU of current socio-technical solutions. ESMH | European Science-Media Hub AUTHORS This study was written by Alexandre Alaphilippe, Alexis Gizikis and Clara Hanot of EU DisinfoLab, and Kalina Bontcheva of The University of Sheffield, at the request of the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA). It has been financed under the European Science and Media Hub budget and managed by the Scientific Foresight Unit within the Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS) of the Secretariat of the European Parliament. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank all respondents to the online survey, as well as first draft, WeVerify, InVID, PHEME, REVEAL, and all other initiatives that contributed materials to the study. ADMINISTRATOR RESPONSIBLE Mihalis Kritikos, Scientific Foresight Unit To contact the publisher, please e-mail [email protected] LINGUISTIC VERSION Original: EN Manuscript completed in March 2019. -
Immigration Reform in Refugee and Asylum Policy
NOTE IMMIGRATION REFORM IN REFUGEE AND ASYLUM POLICY: DISENTANGLING IMMIGRATION FROM THE NATIONAL SECURITY DISCOURSE Rachel Chernov* ABSTRACT After September 11, 2001, a large-scale overhaul of existing US immigration infrastructure fused immigration with the country’s national security apparatus. Enhanced national security efforts became characterized by increased immigration enforcement and were purportedly justified by government officials’ rhetoric portraying newcomers as a threat to public safety. The Trump Administration employed inflammatory anti-immigrant rhetoric to shore up popular support for harmful immigration policies, precluding the United States from fulfilling obligations to refugees and asylum-seekers under international law. This Note argues that the United States shares virtually none of the geopolitical challenges preventing certain countries from compliance with treaty obligations; however, rhetoric conflating immigration and national security results in immigration policy damaging to refugees and asylees seeking protection in the United States. This Note argues that the United States must work towards compliance with its international commitments by dismantling needlessly punitive immigration enforcement policies and abolishing xenophobic rhetoric, and by providing fair and full protection for the growing number of individuals displaced around the globe. * J.D. Candidate, 2021, Fordham University School of Law; B.A., 2018, Lehigh University; Notes & Articles Editor, Fordham International Law Journal, Volume XLIV. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to the editorial staff of Volume XLIV for their guidance as I worked through writing and editing this Note. I would also like to thank my family for their continued support—especially my parents and grandparents, who uprooted their lives to come to the US, ultimately giving me the opportunity to attend law school and see my written work through to publication. -
"If You're Ugly, the Blackpill Is Born with You": Sexual Hierarchies, Identity Construction, and Masculinity on an Incel Forum Board
University of Dayton eCommons Joyce Durham Essay Contest in Women's and Gender Studies Women's and Gender Studies Program 2020 "If You're Ugly, the Blackpill is Born with You": Sexual Hierarchies, Identity Construction, and Masculinity on an Incel Forum Board Josh Segalewicz University of Dayton Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.udayton.edu/wgs_essay Part of the Other Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Women's Studies Commons eCommons Citation Segalewicz, Josh, ""If You're Ugly, the Blackpill is Born with You": Sexual Hierarchies, Identity Construction, and Masculinity on an Incel Forum Board" (2020). Joyce Durham Essay Contest in Women's and Gender Studies. 20. https://ecommons.udayton.edu/wgs_essay/20 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Women's and Gender Studies Program at eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Joyce Durham Essay Contest in Women's and Gender Studies by an authorized administrator of eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. "If You're Ugly, the Blackpill is Born with You": Sexual Hierarchies, Identity Construction, and Masculinity on an Incel Forum Board by Josh Segalewicz Honorable Mention 2020 Joyce Durham Essay Contest in Women's and Gender Studies "If You're Ugly, The Blackpill is Born With You": Sexual Hierarchies, Identity Construction, and Masculinity on an Incel Forum Board Abstract: The manosphere is one new digital space where antifeminists and men's rights activists interact outside of their traditional social networks. Incels, short for involuntary celibates, exist in this space and have been labeled as extreme misogynists, white supremacists, and domestic terrorists. -
Alone Together: Exploring Community on an Incel Forum
Alone Together: Exploring Community on an Incel Forum by Vanja Zdjelar B.A. (Hons., Criminology), Simon Fraser University, 2016 B.A. (Political Science and Communication), Simon Fraser University, 2016 Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the School of Criminology Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences © Vanja Zdjelar 2020 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY FALL 2020 Copyright in this work rests with the author. Please ensure that any reproduction or re-use is done in accordance with the relevant national copyright legislation. Declaration of Committee Name: Vanja Zdjelar Degree: Master of Arts Thesis title: Alone Together: Exploring Community on an Incel Forum Committee: Chair: Bryan Kinney Associate Professor, Criminology Garth Davies Supervisor Associate Professor, Criminology Sheri Fabian Committee Member University Lecturer, Criminology David Hofmann Examiner Associate Professor, Sociology University of New Brunswick ii Abstract Incels, or involuntary celibates, are men who are angry and frustrated at their inability to find sexual or intimate partners. This anger has repeatedly resulted in violence against women. Because incels are a relatively new phenomenon, there are many gaps in our knowledge, including how, and to what extent, incel forums function as online communities. The current study begins to fill this lacuna by qualitatively analyzing the incels.co forum to understand how community is created through online discourse. Both inductive and deductive thematic analyses were conducted on 17 threads (3400 posts). The results confirm that the incels.co forum functions as a community. Four themes in relation to community were found: The incel brotherhood; We can disagree, but you’re wrong; We are all coping here; and Will the real incel come forward. -
Recent Trends in Online Foreign Influence Efforts
Recent Trends in Online Foreign Influence Efforts Diego A. Martin, Jacob N. Shapiro, Michelle Nedashkovskaya Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University Princeton, New Jersey, United States E-mail: [email protected] Email: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Foreign governments have used social media to influence politics in a range of countries by promoting propaganda, advocating controversial viewpoints, and spreading disinformation. We analyze 53 distinct foreign influence efforts (FIEs) targeting 24 different countries from 2013 through 2018. FIEs are defined as (i) coordinated campaigns by one state to impact one or more specific aspects of politics in another state (ii) through media channels, including social media, (iii) by producing content designed to appear indigenous to the target state. The objective of such campaigns can be quite broad and to date have included influencing political decisions by shaping election outcomes at various levels, shifting the political agenda on topics ranging from health to security, and encouraging political polarization. We draw on more than 460 media reports to identify FIEs, track their progress, and classify their features. Introduction Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) have changed the way people communi- cate about politics and access information on a wide range of topics (Foley 2004, Chigona et al. 2009). Social media in particular has transformed communication between leaders and voters by enabling direct politician-to-voter engagement outside traditional avenues, such as speeches and press conferences (Ott 2017). In the 2016 U.S. presidential election, for example, social media platforms were more widely viewed than traditional editorial media and were central to the campaigns of both Democratic candidate Hillary Clinton and Republican candidate Donald Trump (Enli 2017). -
What Role Has Social Media Played in Violence Perpetrated by Incels?
Chapman University Chapman University Digital Commons Peace Studies Student Papers and Posters Peace Studies 5-15-2019 What Role Has Social Media Played in Violence Perpetrated by Incels? Olivia Young Chapman University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/peace_studies_student_work Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance Commons, Social Influence and oliticalP Communication Commons, Social Media Commons, Social Psychology and Interaction Commons, and the Sociology of Culture Commons Recommended Citation Young, Olivia, "What Role Has Social Media Played in Violence Perpetrated by Incels?" (2019). Peace Studies Student Papers and Posters. 1. https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/peace_studies_student_work/1 This Senior Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Peace Studies at Chapman University Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peace Studies Student Papers and Posters by an authorized administrator of Chapman University Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Peace Studies Capstone Thesis What role has social media played in violence perpetrated by Incels? Olivia Young May 15, 2019 Young, 1 INTRODUCTION This paper aims to answer the question, what role has social media played in violence perpetrated by Incels? Incels, or involuntary celibates, are members of a misogynistic online subculture that define themselves as unable to find sexual partners. Incels feel hatred for women and sexually active males stemming from their belief that women are required to give sex to them, and that they have been denied this right by women who choose alpha males over them. -
Empirical Comparative Analysis of Bot Evidence in Social Networks
Bots in Nets: Empirical Comparative Analysis of Bot Evidence in Social Networks Ross Schuchard1(&) , Andrew Crooks1,2 , Anthony Stefanidis2,3 , and Arie Croitoru2 1 Computational Social Science Program, Department of Computational and Data Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA [email protected] 2 Department of Geography and Geoinformation Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA 3 Criminal Investigations and Network Analysis Center, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA Abstract. The emergence of social bots within online social networks (OSNs) to diffuse information at scale has given rise to many efforts to detect them. While methodologies employed to detect the evolving sophistication of bots continue to improve, much work can be done to characterize the impact of bots on communication networks. In this study, we present a framework to describe the pervasiveness and relative importance of participants recognized as bots in various OSN conversations. Specifically, we harvested over 30 million tweets from three major global events in 2016 (the U.S. Presidential Election, the Ukrainian Conflict and Turkish Political Censorship) and compared the con- versational patterns of bots and humans within each event. We further examined the social network structure of each conversation to determine if bots exhibited any particular network influence, while also determining bot participation in key emergent network communities. The results showed that although participants recognized as social bots comprised only 0.28% of all OSN users in this study, they accounted for a significantly large portion of prominent centrality rankings across the three conversations. This includes the identification of individual bots as top-10 influencer nodes out of a total corpus consisting of more than 2.8 million nodes. -
Incel Indoctrination Rubric (IIR): Summary and Research
Incel Indoctrination Rubric (IIR): Summary and Research THINKING He has an over-arching, negative and limited view of women. He describes women in an objective, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7-14, 18-25, 27, 29, 31-33, 35- 1. Misogyny one-dimensional manner and sees the heart of their worth as that of a sexual possession. He rates 43, 45-48, 50 their worth on a 1-10 scale. This item encompasses homophobic and transphobic beliefs. There is a lack of appreciation for diversity or any divergence from the straight, white, cisgender ideal 6, 7, 11, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 29, 37, 38, 41, 2. Racism and a sense of superiority of the white race over all others. This would also include antisemitic beliefs. 45, 49 He believes that genetics predetermine his status and desirability and cannot be overcome. He has a 1, 3-5, 9, 10, 13, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 29, 39, 3. Blackpill sense of inferiority, hopelessness, and growing rage at the lack of sexual prospects available to him. 41, 43, 45-47 4. Inaccurate This bi-bifurcated construct exists on two extremes on a spectrum – either an overly negative self- 2, 4, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18-22, 24, 25, 27-33, Self-Concept worth that leads to low self-esteem and value or an overly inflated sense of value and entitlement. 35, 37-39, 41, 43, 45, 47 There is a strong desire to achieve fame and make a statement. He thinks that he is the chosen one, 2, 5, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 18-21, 23-25, 27-33, 5. -
Hacks, Leaks and Disruptions | Russian Cyber Strategies
CHAILLOT PAPER Nº 148 — October 2018 Hacks, leaks and disruptions Russian cyber strategies EDITED BY Nicu Popescu and Stanislav Secrieru WITH CONTRIBUTIONS FROM Siim Alatalu, Irina Borogan, Elena Chernenko, Sven Herpig, Oscar Jonsson, Xymena Kurowska, Jarno Limnell, Patryk Pawlak, Piret Pernik, Thomas Reinhold, Anatoly Reshetnikov, Andrei Soldatov and Jean-Baptiste Jeangène Vilmer Chaillot Papers HACKS, LEAKS AND DISRUPTIONS RUSSIAN CYBER STRATEGIES Edited by Nicu Popescu and Stanislav Secrieru CHAILLOT PAPERS October 2018 148 Disclaimer The views expressed in this Chaillot Paper are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Institute or of the European Union. European Union Institute for Security Studies Paris Director: Gustav Lindstrom © EU Institute for Security Studies, 2018. Reproduction is authorised, provided prior permission is sought from the Institute and the source is acknowledged, save where otherwise stated. Contents Executive summary 5 Introduction: Russia’s cyber prowess – where, how and what for? 9 Nicu Popescu and Stanislav Secrieru Russia’s cyber posture Russia’s approach to cyber: the best defence is a good offence 15 1 Andrei Soldatov and Irina Borogan Russia’s trolling complex at home and abroad 25 2 Xymena Kurowska and Anatoly Reshetnikov Spotting the bear: credible attribution and Russian 3 operations in cyberspace 33 Sven Herpig and Thomas Reinhold Russia’s cyber diplomacy 43 4 Elena Chernenko Case studies of Russian cyberattacks The early days of cyberattacks: 5 the cases of Estonia,