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1 5.65.0 10.8MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.64.0 10.8MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.63.1 10.78MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.62.0 10.36MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.61.2 10.36MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.60.0 10.35MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.59.1 10.35MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.58.1 10.33MB DuckduckGo Privacy Browser 1 5.57.1 10.31MB DuckduckGo Privacy browser © DuckduckGo. Privacy, simplified. This article is about the search engine. For children's play, see duck, duck, goose. Internet search engine DuckDuckGoScreenshot home page DuckDuckGo on 2018Type search engine siteWeb Unavailable inMultilingualHeadquarters20 Paoli PikePaoli, Pennsylvania, USA Area servedWorldwideOwnerDuck Duck Go, Inc., createdGabriel WeinbergURLduckduckgo.comAlexa rank 158 (October 2020 update) CommercialRegregedSeptember 25, 2008; 12 years ago (2008-09-25) was an Internet search engine that emphasized the privacy of search engines and avoided the filter bubble of personalized search results. DuckDuckGo differs from other search engines by not profiling its users and showing all users the same search results for this search term. The company is based in Paoli, Pennsylvania, in Greater Philadelphia and has 111 employees since October 2020. The name of the company is a reference to the children's game duck, duck, goose. The results of the DuckDuckGo Survey are a compilation of more than 400 sources, including Yahoo! Search BOSS, Wolfram Alpha, Bing, Yandex, own web scanner (DuckDuckBot) and others. It also uses data from crowdsourcing sites, including Wikipedia, to fill in the knowledge panel boxes to the right of the results. As of August 2020, there were an average of 65,166,695 daily searches. DuckDuckGo positions itself as a search engine that puts privacy first and as such does not store IP addresses, does not register user information and uses cookies only when necessary. Gabrielle Weinberg, creator of DuckDuckGo, states: By default, DuckDuckGo does not collect or share personal information. This is our privacy policy in a nutshell. It maintains logs of all search terms used although not in a personally identifiable way. Weinberg clarified the quality of his results in the search engine, deleting search results for companies he believes are content factories such as eHow Demand Media, which publishes 4,000 articles a day produced by paid freelance writers, which Weinberg said is low quality content designed specifically to rank highly in Google's search index. DuckDuckGo also filters pages with Advertising. Instant Responses In addition to indexing search results, DuckDuckGo displays relevant results called called Answers at the top of the search page. These instant responses are collected either from third-party api or static data sources such as text files. Instant responses are called zeroclickinfo because the intention behind them is to provide what users are looking for on the result page of their own search so that they don't have to click any results to find what they are looking for. There were 1,236 instant responses by July 2019. Instant responses are open source and are supported on GitHub, where everyone can build or work on them. Access to Tor In August 2010, DuckDuckGo introduced an anonymous search, including an exit enclave, for its search engine traffic via the Tor network and providing access through the onion service. This provides anonymity by routing traffic through a number of encrypted relays. Weinberg said: I believe this is in line with our privacy policy. Using Tor and DDG, you can now be from end to end anonymous with search. And if you use our encrypted homepage, you can be end to end encrypted as well. Voice Search In 2011, DuckDuckGo introduced voice search for users of Google Chrome's voice search expansion. DuckDuckGo Bangs includes! Bang keywords that give users the ability to search on specific third-party websites - using their own search engine site if applicable. As of August 2020, 13,564 bangs are available for a wide range of internet sites. In December 2018, about 2,000 bangs were removed. Some have been removed due to their removal, while others, such as searches for pirated content sites, have been removed for liability reasons. DuckDuckGo's business model generates revenue by serving ads from the Yahoo-Bing search network and through partnerships with Amazon and eBay. Some of duckDuckGo's source code is free software hosted on GitHub under an Apache 2.0 license, but the kernel is proprietary. The company registered the domain name ddg.gg february 22, 2011 and acquired duck.com in December 2018, which are used as abbreviated URL aliases that are redirected to duckduckgo.com. The story of DuckDuckGo was founded by Gabriel Weinberg on February 29, 2008 in Valley Forge, Pennsylvania. Weinberg is an entrepreneur who has previously launched a database of names, a now defunct social network. Originally self-funded by Weinberg, DuckDuckGo is an advertisement supported, but the user has the ability to disable ads. The search engine is written in Perl and works on nginx, FreeBSD and Linux. DuckDuckGo is built primarily on search APIs from various vendors. Because of this, TechCrunch described the service as hybrid. System. Weinberg explained the beginning of the name in regards to the children's other duck, duck, goose. He said of the origin of the title: In fact it just popped into my head one day and and I just loved it. It certainly depends /derived from the duck goose, but other than that there is no connection, for example, a metaphor . DuckDuckGo was featured on TechCrunch's Elevator Pitch Friday in 2008, and he was a finalist in the 2008 BOSS Mashable Challenge. In July 2010, Weinberg opened the DuckDuckGo Community Website (duck.co) to allow the public to report problems, discuss how to spread the use of the search engine, request features, and discuss open code sources. We didn't invest in it because we thought he was going to beat Google. We invested in it because there is a need for a private search engine. We did it for internet anarchists, people who hang out on Reddit and Hacker News. - Fred Wilson, 2012 TechCrunch Disrupt Conference in New York, DuckDuckGo was not funded independently until Union Square Ventures and Angel investors invested in DuckDuckGo in October 2011. Union Square partner Brad Burnham said: We invested in DuckDuckGo because we made sure we could not only change the way we look for competition, but also do it. In addition, Trisquel, Linux Mint and Midori have switched to using DuckDuckGo as the default search engine. By May 2012, the search engine was attracting 1.5 million searches per day. Weinberg said he earned $115,000 in revenue in 2011 and had three employees, as well as a small number of contractors. The Compete.com 266,465 unique visitors to the site in February 2012. On April 12, 2011, Alexa reported a 3- month growth rate of 51%. DuckDuckGo's own traffic statistics show that in August 2012 there were 1,393,644 visits per day, according to 39,406 visits per day in April 2010 (earliest available). In a long profile in November 2012, The Washington Post reported that in October 2012, the number of searches on DuckDuckGo was up to 45,000,000 a month. The article concludes that Weinberg's ambitious goals make him a particularly strange and dangerous competitor on the Internet. It can do almost anything that Google or Bing can't because it can damage their business model, and if users figure out that they like DuckDuckGo way better, Weinberg can hurt the big boys without even trying. This is an asymmetrical digital war, and its defenders at Union Square Ventures say Google is vulnerable. GNOME released Web 3.10 on September 26, 2013, and starting with this version, the default search engine is DuckDuckGo. In a speech at WWDC 2014 on September 18, 2014, Apple announced that DuckDuckGo would be included as a search option on both iOS 8 and OS X Yosemite in its Safari browser. On March 10, Pale Moon's web browser, starting with version 24.4.0, included DuckDuckGo in the default search engine, also listed it on the browser's homepage. In May 2014 released a redesigned version for beta testers through DuckDuckHack. On May 21, 2014, DuckDuckGo officially released a redesigned version that focused on smarter answers and a more refined look. The new version has added many new features such as images, local search, auto-offer, weather, recipes and more. On November 10, 2014, Mozilla added DuckDuckGo as a search option in Firefox 33.1. On May 30, 2016, The Tor Project, Inc. made DuckDuckGo the default tor Browser 6.0 search engine. In July 2016, DuckDuckGo officially announced an expansion of its partnership with Yahoo! that brought new opportunities for all search engine users, including results filtering and additional links to the site. It also collaborates with Bing, Yandex and Wikipedia to get results or use the features on offer. The company also confirmed that it does not share user information with partner companies, as has always been the case in its policy. On January 23, 2018, DuckDuckGo updated its browser extension and mobile app to keep Internet users safe outside the search box. The updated extension and app include a tool to evaluate websites based on their use of encryption and network advertising tracking, as well as the ability to block ad tracking networks. The extension also provides for a summary of the conditions of service from the Terms of Service; I haven't read it. In December 2018, it was reported that Google had transferred ownership of the domain name to Duck.com DuckDuckGo. It is not known what price, if any, DuckDuckGo paid for the domain name. On January 15, 2019, DuckDuckGo announced that all maps and address searches would be used by Apple Maps, both desktop and mobile devices. In March 2019, Google added DuckDuckGo to the default search engine list in Chrome 73. In an article published in June 2011, Time magazine's Harry McCracken praised DuckDuckGo, comparing it to his favorite burger restaurant In-N-Out Burger: It feels very similar to early Google, with a stripped-down homepage. Just as In-N-Out doesn't have lattes or Asian salads or ice cream or scrambled eggs, DDG isn't trying to make news or blogs or books or images. There are no automatic completions or instant results. It just offers a basic web search for basically a ten blue link approach that is still very useful, no matter what its critics say... As for quality, I'm not saying that Weinberg came up with a way to bring back more relevant results than Google's mighty search team. But DuckduckGo ... really good to bring back useful sites. It all feels meaty and simple and filler free... The approach of barebones cited in his Has since changed; DuckDuckGo now has automatic completion and instant results, for example. McCracken included the site in the list of 50 best sites of 2011. Tom Holverda, who reviewed the search engine for OSNews, praised the praise privacy features and shortcuts to search on specific sites, as well as Google's criticism of tracking almost everything you do, especially because of the risk that such information would be subject to a U.S. government subpoena. In 2012, in response to accusations of monopoly, Google identified DuckDuckGo as a competitor. Weinberg was reportedly pleased and entertained by this recognition. In May 2020, Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey admitted that he prefers to use the Search Engine DuckDuckGo rather than Google, stating, I love DuckDuckGo. My search engine has been the default for a while now. The app is even better! In June 2013, DuckDuckGo showed that traffic is increasing significantly; According to the site's Twitter account, on Monday, June 17, 2013, he had three million daily direct searches. On average, in May 2013, it had 1.8 million daily direct searches. Some attribute this allegation to the exposure of PRISM and to the fact that other programs run by the National Security Agency (NSA) were leaked by Edward Snowden. Danny Sullivan wrote on Search Engine Land that despite the growth of the search engine it has not grown anywhere near the amount to reflect any significant or even slightly noticeable switching to public search for reasons of privacy, and it has concluded: No one cares about private search. In response, Caleb Garling of the San Francisco Chronicle stated, I think this thesis suffers from several key failures in logic because there was an increase in traffic and because there was widespread awareness of the existence of DuckDuckGo. Later, in September 2013, the search engine reached 4 million search queries per day, and in June 2015 it reached 10 million search queries per day. In November 2017, DuckDuckGo reached 20 million searches per day. In November 2019, DuckDuckGo reached 50 million searches per day, and as of August 2020, it received an average of 65,166,695 requests per day. On October 12, 2020, a record 74,467,443 daily searches were achieved. In March 2018, DuckDuckGo introduced its Android browser app, which receives favicon from the service hosted by DuckDuckGo. Several users expressed their concern about the privacy of this change. DuckDuckGo closed the issue, citing its privacy policy, which states that the service does not store any personal information. This feature was introduced in June 2019 in the iOS app as well. In July 2020, the issue was raised again on ycombinator.com and DDG CEO Weinberg promised to fix the problem by turning the feature directly into the app. Bloomberg LR 2, 2017. Traffic Duckduckgo.com statistics. Alexa Internet. Received on October 7, 2020. - b c d e f About DuckDuckGo. Duckduckgo. Received on September 15, 2020. b c d Buys, John (July 10, 2010). DuckDuckGo: A new open source search engine. GigaOM OStatic Blog. Archive from the original on March 17, 2011. Received on March 19, 2013. Architecture. Public platform DuckduckGo. Archive from the original dated April 22, 2018. Received on March 6, 2015. dontbubble.us. Received on 12 September 2014. b c Rosenwald, Michael (November 9, 2012). Google's duckling in search engines. The Washington Post. received on March 19, 2013. Charles Arthur (July 10, 2013). The NSA scandal delivers a record number of Internet users to DuckDuckGo. Keeper. Received on July 10, 2013. a b Sources of The DuckDuckGo Help Page. DuckduckGo Support Center. July 22, 2018. Received on July 22, 2018. Tungsten Alpha and DuckDuckGo Partner on API Linking and Integration Search. Wolframalpha.com. April 18, 2011. b Hollingsworth, Sam (April 12, 2019). DuckDuckGo vs. Google: In-depth comparison of search engines. The magazine's search engine. Received on April 12, 2019. Reader, Ruth (June 11, 2014). DuckDuckGo and Yummly command, so you can search for food privately. Venture fight. Received on June 11, 2014. a b c DuckDuckGo Traffic. duckduckgo.com received on 28 August 2020. DDG Privacy. Duckduckgo.com. Mims, Christopher (July 26, 2010). Search reaction against 'Content Mills'. Technological review. Received on March 19, 2013. DuckDuckGo Instant Answers. Received on July 7, 2019. DuckDuckGo repositories on GitHub. github.com. Received on July 7, 2019. DuckDuckGo now manages the Tor exit enclave. Blog by Gabriel Weinberg. August 13, 2010. Archive from the original on December 31, 2010. DuckDuckGo Tools. October 12, 2011. Archive from the original on October 12, 2011. Received on November 12, 2018. ^ ! Explosion. Duckduckgo.com received on August 23, 2020. Van der Sar, Ernesto (December 3, 2018). DuckDuckGo removes the 'Pirate' site bangs to avoid liability. TorrentFrak. Received on December 4, 2018. Advertising and partners. Public platform DuckduckGo. Received on June 4, 2015. duck. March 16, 2012. Received on March 19, 2012 - through GitHub. Ddg.gg WHOIS, DNS, and Domain Information - DomainTools. whois.domaintools.com. received on April 13, 2019. Confirmed: Duck.com on DuckDuckGo. NamePros. - //duck.com/ b Porter, Jon (December 12, 2018). Google softens and transmits Duck.com to DuckDuckGo. Face. Received on December 12, 2018. a b History. October 6, 2013. Archive from the original on October 6, 2013. Received on November 12, 2018. Chow, Jackie (January 29, 2015). Duck Duck Go Startup Profile. Chouprojects.com. from the original on February 11, Feb. Received on January 28, 2014. DuckDuckGoPerl duckduckgo/duckduckgo Vicky GitHub. Github. Received on May 10, 2016. Architecture. DuckDuckGo.com. January 28, 2013. Archive from the original on May 12, 2013. Received on June 11, 2013. a b Kimerling, Dan (December 12, 2008). Lift Step Friday: Duck Duck Go, a hybrid search engine. Techcrunch. Received on March 19, 2013. Weinberg, Gabriel (as epi0Bauqu) (March 25, 2010). Duck Duck Go begins to get coverage (thread: see Weinberg's comments). YCombinator Hacker News. Archive from the original dated July 27, 2011. Received on March 19, 2013. Weinberg, Gabriel (as epi0Bauqu) (June 11, 2009). How often our anti-spam search toolbar blocks sites (stream). YCombinator Hacker News. Archive from the original on June 14, 2009. Received on March 19, 2013. Adam Hirsch (October 7, 2008). Voting round for the BOSS Mashable Challenge. Mashable. Received on March 19, 2013. Gabriel Weinberg (July 2010). duck.co is the DuckduckGo community. Received on July 21, 2010. Ludwig, Sean (May 21, 2012). Fred Wilson: We invested in DuckDuckGo for Reddit, Hacker News Anarchists. Venture fight. Received on January 29, 2013. Brad Burnham (October 13, 2011). Duck duck go. Blog Union Square Ventures. Received on October 14, 2011. Mitrandir (November 25, 2010). DuckDuckGo in a web browser. Trisquel.info. received on March 19, 2013. Cyrus Farivar (May 16, 2012). Private: Some search engines make money without tracking users. Ars Technica. Received on May 14, 2012. Duckduckgo.com 266,465.0 UVs for February 2012 Compete. March 24, 2012. Archive from the original on March 24, 2012. Received on November 12, 2018. DuckDuckGo Analytics Profile. Alexa.com. - DuckDuckGo Official Traffic. Claudio Saavedra's ChangeLog. August 27, 2013. Klasen, Matthias (September 26, 2013). GNOME 3.10 Released. GNOME mailing list. Received on September 26, 2013. Barry Schwartz (June 2, 2014). A big win for DuckduckGo: Apple, adding to Safari as a private search option. Land search engine. Received on September 30, 2014. Apple - OS X Yosemite - Apps. Archive from the original on September 26, 2014. Received on September 30, 2014. Dickie, Megan Rose (June 3, 2014). duckduckGo in Apple OS. BusinessInsider. Received on June 6, 2014. Pale Moon 24.4.0 Notes to release. Pale Moon. Moonchild Productions. Received on June 4, 2015. Duckduckgo. Next.duckduckgo.com. received on May 11, 2014. DuckduckGo Reimagined and Redesigned. Archive from the original on April 7, 2019. Received on June 19, 2015. Firefox Notes. Mozilla.org. November 10, 2014. Received on November 11, 2014. Natasha Lomas, May 31, 2016. Tor switches to DuckDuckGo search results by default. Techcrunch. Received on September 25, 2017. South, Matt (June 1, 2016). DuckDuckGo becomes a search provider Tor Browser. Search Engine Received on September 25, 2017. Thor Browser 6.0 is released. Thor Project Blog. May 30, 2016. Received on September 25, 2017. Martin Brinkmann (July 1, 2016). DuckDuckGo expands Yahoo's partnership. gHacks. DuckDuckGo uses Yahoo for search now. Privacy-focused search engine DuckDuckGo wants to keep you safe online. Face. Received on November 12, 2018. DuckDuckGo taps Apple Maps to power private search results. Blog DuckduckGo. January 15, 2019. Received on January 16, 2019. March 14, 2019. DuckDuckGo is currently the default search engine option in Chrome. Cnet. Received on March 16, 2019. Harry McCracken (June 14, 2011). Duck Duck Go, In-N-Out Burger Search Engines. It's time. Received on March 19, 2013. Harry McCracken (August 16, 2011). DuckDuckGo - 50 best sites of 2011. It's time. Received on March 19, 2013. Tom Holverda (June 21, 2011). DuckDuckGo: A privacy-oriented alternative to Google. OSNews. Received on March 19, 2013. Twitter boss Jack Dorsey shuns Google in favor of DuckDuckGo. Independent. November 30, 2019. Received on May 20, 2020. Michael Krieger (July 10, 2013). Search Engine Duck Duck Go Experience Traffic Surge in Awakening NSA SCANDAL. Blitzkrieg of Liberty. Received on March 7, 2015. Danny Sullivan (June 22, 2013). Duck Go's post-PRISM growth actually proves no one cares about private search. Land search engine. Received on July 10, 2013. Caleb Garling (June 24, 2013). A huge spike in traffic hits private search engines after the NSA leak. The San Francisco Chronicle. Received on July 10, 2013. Gross Grant (October 10, 2013). People are flocking to anonymous services after NSA surveillance reports. PCWorld Australia. Archive from the original on October 12, 2013. Received on October 12, 2013. Ron Miller (September 16, 2013). DuckDuckGo continues to make huge strides to the audience. Fierce ContentUing. Archive from the original on October 12, 2013. Received on October 12, 2013. Woody Leonhard (September 13, 2013). DuckDuckGo goes straight up. Infomir. Archive from the original on October 12, 2013. Received on October 12, 2013. - DaddukGo Traffic. Duckduckgo website, received november 5, 2019. South, Matt (February 4, 2019). DuckDuckGo hits a record 1 billion monthly searches in January 2019. The magazine's search engine. Received on February 13, 2019. The function/bookmark of favicons (#216) duckduckgo/Android@03f99c4. github.com. Received on July 2, 2020. The domains visited were leaked to the DDG Release servers #527 duckduckgo/Android. github.com. Received on July 2, 2020. use Favicon DDG service instead of trying to pull out of a web page... duckduckgo/iOS@1a0cc50. github.com. Received on July 2, 2020. - @yegg (July 2, 2020). @jmattheij: news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23711597 - via Twitter. External Commons links has media information in DuckDuckGo. Official Video Site - Gabriel Weinberg talks about DuckDuckGo at Gel 2013 Received from 2 For robot 8-chan series, see Toei Fushigi Comedy Series. Imageboard website 8kunType siteImageboardAvailable inEnglish (users can create language boards)OwnerJim Watkins N.T. Technology (2channel) , created by Fredrik BrennanURL rank 33,978 (Global, August 2020) 6 years ago (2013-10-22)Current statusWork on clearnet and .onion on November 2019 8kun, formerly called 8chan, Infinitechan or Infinitychan (stylized as ∞chan), is an imageboard site comprised of user-created ad boards. The owner moderate each board, with minimal interaction from the administration of the site. After the site moved in August 2019, it was renamed 8kun and was relaunched in November 2019. The site was linked to white supremacy, neo-Nazism, the alt-right, racism and anti-Semitism, hate crimes and numerous mass shootings. The site is also known for posting child pornography; As a result, it was filtered out of Google search. Some of the site's boards played an active role in the Gamergate dispute, encouraging Gamergate affiliates to frequent 8chan after 4chan banned the topic. According to the June 2019 version, 8chan was the 3832th most visited site in the world. As of November 2014, it received an average of 35,000 unique visitors per day and 400,000 messages per week. After mass shootings on August 3 and August 4, 2019 in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio, respectively, the site was removed from the site on August 5, 2019, after network infrastructure provider Cloudflare stopped providing content delivery network (CDN) services. Voxility, the web service company that leased servers for Epik, the site's new domain registrar, and a subsidiary of CDN provider Epik BitMitigate, also discontinued service. Shortly before the El Paso 8chan shooting, a four-page report justifying the attack was published, and police said they were reasonably confident that it had been published by the perpetrator. After several attempts to return the network eventually, the providers refused to service 8chan, the site returned to the network in November 2019 through a Russian hosting provider. Part of the series on Antiisemitism Part Jewish History and History of Discrimination Timeline Reference Definitions Three Ds Working Definition of Anti-Semitism Manifestations Academic Alt-Right American Christian Christian Identity Creativity Economic European War in Gaza Holocaust denial of the Islamic medieval nation of Islam Nazism neo-Nazism Norwegian New Palestinian racial Russian secondary Soviet Stalinist strasserism Swedish Turkish worldwide COVID-19 pandemic incidents Anti-Semitic canards Blood slander Cultural Marxism Deicid Dreyfus Deal Finance Management Franklin Prophecy Host desecration of the Jewish lobby Judensau Judeo-Bolshevism y y y Dokomuna Judeo-Masonic Kosher Tax Media Control Rootless Cosmopolitan Doctors Plot Sl'nsk' Court Stab-in-Back Myth Well Poisoning OF the GAH Conspiracy Anti-Semitic Publishing Culture Criticizing the Ethnic Cleansing of La France Juive Hunter (William Luther Pierce) International Jew Mein Kampf On Jews and Their Lies Our Race Will Be Unquestionably over the World Protocols of Elders of Sion The Secret RelationshipConsher blacks and Jews Diaries Turner zvets Buch Anti-Semitism online 4chan (/pol/) 8chan Daily Stormer Jew Watch Metapedia Western Observer Renegade 11 Ghetto in Europe Holocaust Jewish hat Jewish quota Judens The Martyrdom in Judaism Nuremberg Laws Pogroms Segregation Spanish Inquisition Yellow Badge Opposition Anti-Defamation League Campaign against Anti-Semitism Community Security Trust Agency For Fundamental Rights Philo-Semitism Simon Wiesenthal Center for Southern Poverty Law Center Stephen Roth Institute Swedish Committee Against Anti-Semitism Union The advice for Soviet Jews UN Watch Wiener Library Working definition of anti-Semitism Yad Vashem Categoryvte Story 8chan was created in October 2013 by programmer Fredrik Brennan, better known by the pseudonym Hotwheels. Brennan created the website after overseeing what he believed to be fast-tracking and losing freedom of speech on the Internet. Brennan, who believed that 4chan's image board grew into authoritarianism, described 8chan as a free speech alternative, and initially conceptualized the site while experiencing a psychedelic mushroom ride. Users do not need any programming experience or knowledge to create their own boards. Since March 2014, the frequently asked questions have stated only one rule that must be observed worldwide: Do not dilute, request or refer to any content prohibited in the United States of America. Don't create boards for the sole purpose of posting or distributing such content. Brennan argued that while he found some of the material posted by users reprehensible, he felt personally obligated to maintain the integrity of the site, tolerant of a discussion he did not necessarily support, regardless of his moral position. Brennan agreed to collaborate with 2channel's Japanese ad board before moving to the Philippines in October 2014. In January 2015, the site changed its domain 8chan.co to 8ch.net after people have filed complaints with the registrar 8chan that the bulletin board is placed child pornography. Despite the subsequent restoration of the domain, the site remained 8ch.net, with the old domain redirecting to it. Numerous errors in Infinity software led to the financing and development of a successor platform called Infinity Next. After a months-long testing period, an attempt was made to migrate the new software in December 2015, but it failed. In January 2016, the development was halted and the main developer, Joshua Moon, was fired by Brennan. Brennan himself officially resigned in July 2016, turning the site to its owner Jim Watkins and his son Ron. (Clarification needed) He cited the failure of the Infinity Next project as reasons and the disappointment that 8chan was the cause. Kicking out Of Clearnet in August 2019 after three shootings in 2019 (Christchurch, N.Y., March; Poway, Calif., in April; El Paso, Texas, in August), in which criminals each used 8chan as a platform to distribute their manifesto, there was increased pressure on those providing 8chan Internet services to stop their support. Matthew Prince, CEO of Cloudflare, initially defended his firm's technology support at 8chan on August 3, 2019, the day of the El Paso shooting: What happened today in El Paso is disgusting in every possible way, and it's ugly, and I hate that there's any connection between us and this... For us, the question is, what's worse than evil? However, the next day, August 4, with growing press attention, Cloudflare changed its position and canceled its support for 8chan from midnight on August 5, Pacific time, potentially leaving the site open to denial-of-service attacks. Prince said: Unfortunately, the actions we take today will not correct the hatred on the Internet ... It almost certainly doesn't even remove 8chan from the internet. But it's the right thing to do. Cloudflare's blog wrote: 8chan is one of more than 19 million internet properties that use the Cloudflare service. We just sent a notice that we are discontinuing 8chan as a customer effective at midnight today Pacific time. The rationale is simple: they have proved their lawlessness and that lawlessness has led to numerous tragic deaths. Even if 8chan may not have broken the letter of the law by refusing to moderate its hate-filled community, they created an environment that revels in breaking its spirit. Brennan, the creator of 8chan, who ceased to be the owner in 2015 and stopped working on the website in 2018, said on August 4, 2019 that 8chan should be closed, and subsequently thanked Cloudflare for his decision to pull support for Following the and Tucows changes, 8chan switched its domain register to BitMitigate, an Epik division, a provider that previously trained far-right sites like Gab and Daily Stormer. After 8chan moved to Epik, the company's CEO Rob Monster wrote: Freedom of speech and expression are the basic rights in a free society. We enter a slippery slope when we start restricting speech, which makes us uncomfortable. However, Voxility, the company that provided BitMitigate and Epik with their own servers and Internet connection, then took steps to stop the lease of BitMitigate servers by taking the site offline, and said that the alleged use of their servers violated their acceptable usage policy. Monster changed its decision to provide hosting content to 8chan shortly after the company's removal from Voxility, citing concerns that 8chan was unable to adequately moderate content. However, Ars Technica noted that the company has started providing 8chan with DNS services. Although the website was unavailable through its usual clearnet domain, users continued to access the site through its IP address and through its .onion address on the hidden Tor darknet services. Security researcher and terrorism analyst Rita Katz noted that the site claiming to be 8chan also appeared on another Darkweb network, although an 8chan administrator tweeted that their team did not run the site. On August 6, 2019, the U.S. House of Representatives National Security Committee summoned 8chan owner Jim Watkins, an American living in the Philippines, to testify about the site's efforts to combat the spread of extremist content, including white supremacist content. On August 11, 2019, Watkins uploaded a video to YouTube saying that 8chan was offline voluntarily and that he would return to the internet after he spoke to the National Security Committee. In early September, Watkins traveled to Washington, D.C., for congressional questioning. In an interview with The Washington Post, Watkins said that 8chan employees are building cyber-attack protections to replace Cloudflare services, and that the site could return online as early as mid-September. Rebranding to 8kun and returning to Clearnet on October 7, 2019, the official Twitter account 8chan and Jim Watkins' YouTube channel released a video that unveiled the new 8kun logo. In it, the snake (which resembles the Gadsden flag) forms the shape of number 8 on top of the logo. The name '8chan' was based on the '-chan' suffix (short for 'channel'), used by image boards using the 2channel-like format, but it was suggested that the new name is a word game based on Japanese honorifics; in this case, '-chan' can be construed as one that Used for young children, while the '-kun' suffix is used for men in On October 9, 2019, 8chan's official Twitter account posted a notice instructing board owners wishing to migrate to 8kun to send their common secrets (a tool that allows the board owner to restore the 8chan board) to an email address at 8kun.net. Brennan actively opposed the relaunch of 8chan as 8kun, arguing that the effort would not change the reputation previously associated with 8chan, as well as citing his troubled relationship with 8chan administrators. Brennan also suggested that the success of 8kun would depend on the return of Kew and his followers. The new 8kun domain was registered with Tucows on September 7, 2019, but a Tucows spokesman said the company was not aware of the situation until news broke of 8kun and that it was looking into the matter. The 8kun was due to be launched by October 17, 2019, but the attempt failed as the British server provider dawned its support. A spokesperson for Dawn said in a statement to Vice that the team behind 8kun may have provided false data when registering themselves. On October 22, Watkins packed 8chan servers into a van and moved them to an unknown destination. It later emerged that this was in preparation for the transition to the VanwaTech network, owned by the founder of BitMitigate. On November 5, 8chan briefly returned to the internet as an 8kun, using bogon IP through Media Land LLC. Media Land LLC is owned by Russian Alexander Yalishanda Volosovik, who is called the world's largest bulletproof hosting operator and is known for allowing cybercriminals. 8kun's internet-access problems continued in the following weeks, and Ronald Watkins told The Wall Street Journal that 8chan is on an indefinite hiatus on November 16. 8kun moved to .top on November 16, after the Tucows domain registrar stopped providing services earlier this month. As of March 3, 2020, 8kun was still using a Russian hosting provider. Disputes have arisen over content posted on 8chan, to the extent that the involvement of individuals or companies in the website itself can be controversial. On February 25, 2019, the AMA (ask something) theme was posted on the video game board of the TH' Nordic website, for which she later apologized. Gamergate's main article: Gamergate controversy on September 18, 2014, 8chan became embroiled in a Gamergate dispute after 4chan banned Gamergate from discussing, after which 8 x 48 became one of Gamergate's several activity centers. The original gamergate-oriented 8chan board also attracted attention after it was compromised by members of the Gay Nigger Association of America internet troll group, forcing Gamergate activists to migrate to /gamergate/. This replacement is fast the site's second-most-access board. In January 2015, the site was used as a base for matchmaking feats in Portland, Seattle and Burnaby, British Columbia, most of which involved criticism of Gamergate victims and 8chan's connection to it; The attacks were coordinated on a website called /baphomet/. One of the victims of the attack said she was singled out because she was following someone on Twitter. On February 9, 2015, the content on the /bafomet/ board was destroyed after personal information was posted by Katherine Forrest, the presiding judge in the Silk Road case. In 2019, 8chan published a post threatening mass shootings at Bethel Park High School; as a result, an 18-year-old man was arrested and charged with one count of terrorist threats and one count of retaliation against a witness or victim. Child pornography advice had been set up to discuss topics such as child rape. Although the sharing of illegal content is in violation of the site's rules, The Daily Dot writes that boards exist to share sexual images of minors in provocative poses, and that some users of these tips post links to explicit child pornography posted elsewhere. Asked if such boards were the inevitable result of free speech, Brennan said: Unfortunately, yes. I don't support the content on the boards you mentioned, but it just costs free speech and be the only active site not to impose more laws than those that were enacted in Washington, D.C. In August 2015, 8chan was blacklisted by Google Search for what Google described as content that constituted suspicious child abuse content. In July 2016, U.S. presidential candidate Donald Trump tweeted a photo of Hillary Clinton with a cash background and a six-pointed star resembling a Star of David that read,most corrupt candidate ever. The image was posted on 8chan's /pol/ board on June 22, a week before Trump's team tweeted about it. The watermark in the image led to a Twitter account that posted many other totally racist and anti-Semitic images. In the main article,Anon Main: Anon During 2018, a user who called himself Kew drew attention and promoted conspiracy theories about the deep state that eventually led to the international movement. Sean Hannity retweeted the hashtags Anon in a tweet. On March 14, 2018, the original group of Reddit subscribers was banned for promoting the theory. They quickly regrouped into a new subreddit that included 8chan posts and other anonymous posters in a more reader-friendly format. Subreddit was banned for the second time 12 2018. With a flood of new new On the board, Kew asked one of the website's owners, Ron Watkins, to update the website's servers to accommodate all the traffic on the board's website on September 19, 2018. The movement was linked to the Pizzagate conspiracy theory. The movement has also been associated with hashtags #TheGreatAwakening and #WWG1WGA, which means where we go alone, we go all; it is also sometimes associated with the phrase Follow the White Rabbit. The Louisiana Police Department's antifa-listed September 2018 police force was scrutinized for using a hoax list of personal information about alleged anti-fascist (antifa) activists originally posted on 8chan's Policy Council. The document, dubbed the full list of antifa.docx by police officers, actually contained the names of several thousand people who signed online petitions against President Donald Trump. State police declined to disclose the list, saying it would compromise ongoing criminal investigations in which it awaits arrests. A lawsuit against Louisiana State Police was filed on behalf of a record requested by Harvard teacher and former public defender Thomas Frampton, arguing that the police's refusal to release the list indicates that he actually believes confidence in the hoax list and use it in investigations and litigation. In 2019, shootings, shootings at a Christchurch mosque, the Poway synagogue shooting, and the El Paso shooting in 2019 were used to distribute their manifesto. As a result, pressure has increased on 8chan's Internet services to stop their support, leading to service companies being removed from the CDN and domain registry by shutting down the website from the clearnet network. The shooting at a Christchurch mosque before the shooting at a Christchurch mosque in New York on March 15, 2019, Australian Brenton Harrison Tarrant posted a link to a 17-minute Facebook Live video of the first attack on the Al Noor mosque and its white nationalist, neo-fascist manifesto The Great Replacement (named after a French far-right conspiracy theory of the same name by the writer Renault Camus) detailing his anti-Islamic and anti-Isis manifesto. As a result of the ensuing firefight, 51 people were killed and 50 others were injured. The shooter shared a link to the live video just minutes before the 8chan attack on Facebook. Some members of 8chan shared it again and applauded the violent killings. On March 20, 2019, Australian telecoms companies Telstra, Optus and Vodafone denied millions of Australians access to 4chan, 8chan, zero hedge and LiveLeak as a reaction to the Christchurch mosque shooting. NSW providers Spark, Vodafone and 2degrees, with an almost monopoly on the share of the broadband and mobile market in New York, also example in blocking 4chan, 8chan, zero hedge, and and within weeks of filming, 8chan and other similar DNS-level websites were blocked in an attempt to prevent the distribution of widely available content that had been classified as undesirable by the new's chief censor. The Poway Synagogue shot and killed John T. Earnest, the alleged perpetrator of the shooting at the Poway Synagogue in Poway, California, on April 27, 2019, and the fire at the Escondido Mosque at the Escondido Islamic Center in Escondido, California, on March 25, 2019, and the reference to his open letter and his attempt to live on 8chan, which Earnest also called a place of radicalization. According to Twitter 8chan, the shooter's post was deleted nine minutes after it was created. El Paso, who shot and killed Patrick Cruzius, the suspect in the shooting at a Walmart store in El Paso, Texas, on August 3, 2019, allegedly published a four-page white nationalist manifesto, An Inconvenient Truth, at 8chan less than an hour before the shooting began. 8chan moderators quickly deleted the original post, although users continued to distribute links to the manifesto. References: Who owns 8chan? 8chan. Archive from the original dated August 5, 2019. Received august 8, 2019. a b alexa.com analysis, Mix marketing and traffic - Alexa. www.alexa.com. Received on 13 August 2020. A b c Brennan, Fredrik. Often. 8chan.net. Infinite. Archive from the original dated August 5, 2019. Received on November 23, 2014. Kate Conger (November 4, 2019). That's back: 8chan is back online. The New York Times. Received on November 5, 2019. Julia Currie Wong,4, 2019. 8chan: A far-right website linked to a rise in hate crimes. Keeper. ISSN 0261-3077. Archive from the original on August 21, 2019. Received august 5, 2019. b c d e Roose, Kevin (August 4, 2019). 8chan is a megaphone for militants. Shut the site down, says its creator. The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archive from the original dated August 5, 2019. Received august 5, 2019. Mezzofiore, Gianluca; O'Sullivan, Dhoni (August 5, 2019). El Paso's shooting is at least the third atrocity linked to 8chan this year. Cnn. Archive from the original dated August 20, 2019. Received august 5, 2019. a b c d e f h i O'Neill, Patrick Howell (November 17, 2014). 8chan, the central beehive of Gamergate, is also an active paedophile network. Daily point. Archive from the original on May 26, 2018. a b c Dewey, Caitlin (January 13, 2015). This is what happens when you create an online community with no rules. The Washington Post. Archive from the original dated June 19, 2015. a b Machkovech, Sam (August 14, 2015). 8chan-hosting content disappears from Google search. Ars Technica. Conde Nast. Archive from the original on June 7, 2018. Received on August 17, 2015. Robertson, Adi (August 5, 2019). 8chan darkens after supplier stops service. Face. Archive from the original on August 8, 2019. Received august 5, 2019. a b Harwell, Drew (August 5, 2019). The caller 8chan vowed to fight, saying his heartbeat was strong. Then the tech firm knocked it offline. The Washington Post. Archive from the original dated August 6, 2019. Received august 5, 2019. Ben Collins (August 3, 2019). Investigators reasonably believe the Texas suspect left an anti-immigrant screed. NBC News. Archive from the original dated August 7, 2019. Received August 11, 2019. b c Evans, Robert (November 4, 2019). The state of California could have stopped 8Chan: That's not true. Bellingcat. Received on June 9, 2020. a b Gallagher, Sean (November 5, 2019). Breaking the law: How 8chan (or '8kun') got (briefly) back online. Ars Technica. Received on June 9, 2020. Brennan, Fredrik (March 17, 2015). Full transcript: Ars interviews 8chan founder Fredrik Brennan. Ars Technica (Interview). Interview by Sam Machkovich. Archive from the original dated November 25, 2015. Received on June 15, 2015. a b c Brennan, Fredrik (October 9, 2014). BEFORE with Fredrik Brennan from 8chan. Know your meme (Interview). Interview by Don Caldwell. Received on December 18, 2014. a b Tunison, Mike (September 10, 2017). What is 8chan, the most dangerous bulletin board on the Internet?. Daily point. Archive from the original on March 20, 2019. Received on May 17, 2019. a b c Chen, Adrian (October 27, 2014). Gamergate supporters celebrated at a strip club this weekend. New York. Archive from the original on August 9, 2019. Moon, Joshua (December 19, 2015). qt2ww. Archive from the original (Plaintext) dated December 19, 2015. Received on December 20, 2015. Brennan, Fredrik (January 26, 2016). Infinity never. Archive from the original dated February 7, 2016. Received February 2, 2016 - through Medium. a b Brennan, Fredrik (July 4, 2016). Hot wheels are posthumous. Archive from the original dated December 1, 2016. Received on December 1, 2016 through Medium. b Wong, Julia Currie (August 3, 2019). 8chan: A far-right website linked to a rise in hate crimes. Keeper. Archive from the original on August 9, 2019. Received August 3, 2019. The three attackers allegedly placed their plans at the site in advance in six months. In an exclusive interview, the Silicon Valley CEO explains his moral obligation to keep 8chan online and b Kelly, Makena (August 4, 2019). Cloudflare recalled the 8chan service by opening a fringe website for DDoS attacks. Face. Archive from the original on August 15, 2019. Received on August 4, 2019. Service termination for 8Chan. Cloudflare blog. Christina Fisher (August 5, 2019). The internet is racing to sever ties with 8chan after another deadly shooting. Engadget. Archive from the original september 10, 2019. Received August 5 Year. Jim Jim Salter 7, 2019). 8chan pops up, along with The Daily Stormer and another Nazi website. Ars Technica. Archive from the original on August 19, 2019. Received August 11, 2019. Bazhak, Frank (August 7, 2019). The 8chan owner is heading to the U.S. as lawmakers seek answers. The Associated Press. Archive from the original on October 27, 2019. Received on August 22, 2019. 8chan activates the Extraordinary Bunker on the Dark Web. DarkeOwl. August 6, 2019. Archive from the original dated August 22, 2019. Received on August 22, 2019. Paul, Katie; Calliford, Elizabeth (August 6, 2019). The 8chan owner called before Congress as the last host drops the site. Reuters. Archive from the original dated August 17, 2019. Received on August 7, 2019. Gonzalez, Oscar (August 13, 2019). The 8chan owner says the site will stay down until it talks to Congress. Cnet. Archive from the original on September 15, 2019. Received on August 22, 2019. Drew Harwell; Timothy McLaughlin (September 12, 2019). From helicopter repairman to leader of the dark reaches the Internet: life and time 8chan owner Jim Watkins . The Washington Post's archive from the original on September 12, 2019. Received on September 29, 2019. No 8chan (@infinitechan) (October 7, 2019). (Video) (Tweet) - via Twitter. Watkins, Jim (October 7, 2019) 8kun soon. HD (Video) - via YouTube. a b c d Martinez, Ignacio (October 8, 2019). 8chan is trying to relaunch and rebrand, but it may already be doomed. Daily point. Archive from the original dated October 18, 2019. Received on October 16, 2019. a b c d Gonzalez, Oscar (October 9, 2019). Controversial site 8chan is trying to return under a new name. Cnet. Archive from the original dated October 15, 2019. Received on October 16, 2019. a b c d e f Gilbert, David (October 9, 2019). 8chan is back from the internet grave - and it has a new name. Vice. Archive from the original dated October 10, 2019. Received on October 16, 2019. a b c d e Somos, Christie's (October 9, 2019). 'You have to hang along': The owner of 8chan releases videos as the site tries to get back online. CTV News. Archive from the original dated October 12, 2019. Received on October 16, 2019. No 8chan (@infinitechan) (October 9, 2019). If you were previously the owner of the board of directors at 8chan, please email us on [email protected] with your shared secret if you are interested in migrating your board to 8kun (Tweet) - via Twitter. Brennan, Fredrik (@HW_BEAT_THAT) (October 7, 2019). In what world do they think the media will see them rebrand on 8kun rather than see that as a transparent maneuver? In what world, in their opinion, domain hosts and providers will say: Oh, 8chan? I can't. But 8kun? You're hired! (Tweet) - via Twitter. Brennan, Fredrik (@HW_BEAT_THAT) (October 7, 2019). I don't want 8chan to go back. Mostly for personal reasons. I think his administrators are terribly incompetent with them. I don't mind other image boards, only the ones they work with names like 8chan. Honestly? (Tweet) - via Twitter. David Gilbert (October 18, 2019). Inside the war to kill 8chan - and Crush chanon. Vice News. Archive from the original on October 22, 2019. Received on October 24, 2019. Brian Krebs (July 19, 2019). Meet the world's largest Bulletproof Hoster. Krebs is safe. Received on June 9, 2020. Robert McMillan (November 16, 2019). The famous 8chan Forum Internet Nomad. Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Received on June 9, 2020. Sean Keane (November 25, 2019). 8chan's rebranded 8kun site goes offline days after launch. Cnet. Received on June 9, 2020. Charles Levinson (March 3, 2020). With a super PAC, Con zanon chases the primary - and money. Protocol. Received on June 9, 2020. Robert Grosso (March 4, 2019). TH' Scandinavian Issues Apology for 8Chan AMA. Technological predator. Archive from the original on October 27, 2019. Ouduro, William (October 15, 2014). 4chan, wizardchan, 8chan... s'y retrouver dans la jungle des forums anonymes les plus populaires du Web (4chan, wizardchan, 8chan... Le Monde (French). Archive from the original may 28, 2019. b Bernstein, Joseph (December 4, 2014). GamerGate's headquarters was destroyed by trolls. BuzzFeed News. Archive from the original on April 17, 2019. a b Hearn, Alex (January 13, 2015). Gamergate hits a new low with attempts to send Swat a team of critics. Keeper. Archive from the original on October 14, 2019. Received on January 15, 2015. Nathan Mattis (January 4, 2015). 8chan tries swatting GamerGate critic, sends cops to old address. Ars Technica. Archive from the original on June 28, 2015. Justin McElroy ,15, 2015). Police falsely called burnaby's home of female online pursuers. Global news. Archive from the original september 10, 2018. Received on January 15, 2015. Chong, Ian Miles (January 13, 2015). Canadian victim Gamergate SWATing Attempt Goes Ahead. Gameranx. Archive from the original january 16, 2015. Received on January 16, 2015. Reckless 'swatting' prank sends police to B.C. woman's home CTV News. January 14, 2015. Archive from the original on October 1, 2015. Received on September 30, 2015. Sam Maccovec, February 12, 2015. Notorious 8chan under the board has a history of being destroyed after the pre-dextation of a federal judge. Ars Technica. Archive from the original dated April 10, 2019. Received on February 13, 2015. Megan Schiller (March 18, 2019). The teenager faces multiple charges for allegedly threatening Bethel Park High School. KDKA News. Archive from the original on March 19, 2019. Received on June 25, 2019. Anthony Smith,3, 2016. Donald Trump's Star David Hillary Clinton Meme Was Created Excellence. Microphone. Archive from the original dated February 22, 2019. Received on September 10, 2019. Mike Wendling (August 26, 2016). Trump's shock troops: Who is the alt-right? BBC News. Archive from the original dated March 22, 2019. Flegenheimer, Matt; Maggie Haberman, July 3, 2016. Donald Trump's star David's tweet came from the Fringe website, the report said. The New York Times. Archive from the original dated July 4, 2016. Received on September 10, 2019. Cannes, Sharon (February 20, 2018). The anti-abortion group Operation Salvation has become a completely red-looted 8chan conspiracy theory. Beauty. Archive from the original dated August 6, 2019. Received on March 14, 2018. Lopez G., Cristina (January 8, 2018). Infowars completely covers Storm, a conspiracy theory called the new Pizzagate. The media matters for America. Archive from the original on October 27, 2019. Received on March 14, 2018. Sommer, Will (January 12, 2018). Meet Storm, the conspiracy theory that is taking over the pro-Trump Internet. Archive from the original dated February 14, 2019. Received March 14, 2018 - through Medium. Sommer, Will (@willsommer) (March 14, 2018). Reddit has banned a major subreddit dedicated to right-wing #QAnon conspiracy theories popular on Infowars, and is apparently scouring a bunch of user accounts like wellpic.twitter.com/3EZvxbuVJH (Tweet). Received on March 14, 2018 - via Twitter. Andrey Virich (March 15, 2018). Reddit bans a popular forum of deep state conspiracy for inciting violence. Daily point. Archive from the original dated March 21, 2019. Received on October 26, 2019. The back, Brandi; Ben Collins (August 14, 2018). How three conspiracy theorists took Kew and summoned zanon. NBC News. Archive from the original dated August 23, 2018. Received on December 12, 2018. Mike Rothschild (September 14, 2018). Nanon's followers have limited options after Reddit's ban. Daily point. Archive from the original on May 14, 2019. Received on December 12, 2018. Q. qanon.pub. Received December 12, 2018. Danleavy, Jerry (August 2, 2019). The Anon slogan, uttered from the podium of Trump's rally, when the FBI warns of violence related to conspiracy theories. Washington expert. Received on October 26, 2019. Lamure, Mack (June 7, 2019). One of Canada's most famous politicians is the exchange of Anun YouTubers. Vice News. Archive from the original on June 27, 2019. Received on October 26, 2019. Kelly, Tiffany (November 21, 2017). 'Follow the White Rabbit' is the most bonkers conspiracy theory you've ever read. Daily point. Archive from the original september 25, 2019. Received on March 14, 2018. Cushing, Tim (September 4, 2018). Louisiana police appear to be using a hoax antifa list created by 8Chan to launch criminal investigations. The techdirth. Archive from the original june 22, 2019. Tom (September 2, 2018). Louisiana State Police Fake Antifa Members List Taken From Neo-Nazi Websites: Lawsuit. Newsweek. Archive from the original on June 16, 2019. Received on October 26, 2019. The lawsuit alleges Louisiana State Police has an antifa list from a neo-Nazi website. IT'S A GOOD place. August 30, 2018. Archive from the original on May 20, 2019. Sutton, Candice; Shannon Molloy; staff writers (March 15, 2019). The family of a gunman in Australia has called police after news of the Christchurch massacre. news.com.au archive from the original dated April 27, 2019. Received on March 15, 2019. Graham-McLay, Charlotte; Ramsay, Austin; Victor, Daniel (March 14, 2019). Police in New York have reported multiple deaths in two shootings at a mosque in Christchurch. The New York Times. Archive from the original dated March 15, 2019. Received on March 15, 2019. Christchurch Shooting Updates: 40 dead after 2 mosques hit. The New York Times. March 14, 2019. Archive from the original dated March 15, 2019. Thomas Brewster (March 15, 2019). In the wake of the terror attack in New York, should 8chan be wiped out from the internet?. Forbes. Archive from the original on March 16, 2019. Received on March 18, 2019. David Brennan (March 19, 2019). 4chan, 8chan, LiveLeak and others are blocked by Australian internet companies because of the mosque massacre video. Newsweek. Archive from the original on May 22, 2019. John Brodkin (March 20, 2019). 4chan, 8chan blocked Australian and New ealand providers for hosting video footage. Ars Technica. Received on February 21, 2020. Ben Collins; Andrei Blankstein (April 27, 2019). An anti-Semitic open letter posted online under the name of the suspect in the shooting at the Chabad synagogue. NBC News. Received on April 29, 2019. 8chan (8ch.net) (@infinitechan) (April 28, 2019). The post poway shooter on 8chan was shot down by NINE minutes after the creation. There are only screencaps available and no archives exist since the message was deleted so quickly. The loudest groups that publish this crime and take the attention of this CRIMINAL are fake news (Tweet) - via Twitter. Robert Evans (August 4, 2019). Shooting in El Paso and gamification of terror. Bellingcat. Archive from the original dated August 22, 2019. External links Official website is derived from

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    NOTE IMMIGRATION REFORM IN REFUGEE AND ASYLUM POLICY: DISENTANGLING IMMIGRATION FROM THE NATIONAL SECURITY DISCOURSE Rachel Chernov* ABSTRACT After September 11, 2001, a large-scale overhaul of existing US immigration infrastructure fused immigration with the country’s national security apparatus. Enhanced national security efforts became characterized by increased immigration enforcement and were purportedly justified by government officials’ rhetoric portraying newcomers as a threat to public safety. The Trump Administration employed inflammatory anti-immigrant rhetoric to shore up popular support for harmful immigration policies, precluding the United States from fulfilling obligations to refugees and asylum-seekers under international law. This Note argues that the United States shares virtually none of the geopolitical challenges preventing certain countries from compliance with treaty obligations; however, rhetoric conflating immigration and national security results in immigration policy damaging to refugees and asylees seeking protection in the United States. This Note argues that the United States must work towards compliance with its international commitments by dismantling needlessly punitive immigration enforcement policies and abolishing xenophobic rhetoric, and by providing fair and full protection for the growing number of individuals displaced around the globe. * J.D. Candidate, 2021, Fordham University School of Law; B.A., 2018, Lehigh University; Notes & Articles Editor, Fordham International Law Journal, Volume XLIV. I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to the editorial staff of Volume XLIV for their guidance as I worked through writing and editing this Note. I would also like to thank my family for their continued support—especially my parents and grandparents, who uprooted their lives to come to the US, ultimately giving me the opportunity to attend law school and see my written work through to publication.
  • Antisemitism 2.0”—The Spreading of Jew-Hatredonthe World Wide Web

    Antisemitism 2.0”—The Spreading of Jew-Hatredonthe World Wide Web

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  • GOGGLES: Democracy Dies in Darkness, and So Does the Web

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    GOGGLES: Democracy dies in darkness, and so does the Web Brave Search Team Brave Munich, Germany [email protected] Abstract of information has led to a significant transfer of power from cre- This paper proposes an open and collaborative system by which ators to aggregators. Access to information has been monopolized a community, or a single user, can create sets of rules and filters, by companies like Google and Facebook [27]. While everything is called Goggles, to define the space which a search engine can pull theoretically still retrievable, in practice we are looking at the world results from. Instead of a single ranking algorithm, we could have through the biases of a few providers, who act, unintentionally or as many as needed, overcoming the biases that a single actor (the not, as gatekeepers. Akin to the thought experiment about the tree search engine) embeds into the results. Transparency and openness, falling in the forest [3], if a page is not listed on Google’s results all desirable qualities, will become accessible through the deep re- page or in the Facebook feed, does it really exist? ranking capabilities Goggles would enable. Such system would be The biases of Google and Facebook, whether algorithmic, data made possible by the availability of a host search engine, providing induced, commercial or political dictate what version of the world the index and infrastructure, which are unlikely to be replicated we get to see. Reality becomes what the models we are fed depict without major development and infrastructure costs. Besides the it to be [24].
  • Volume XV, Issue 1 February 2021 PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 15, Issue 1

    Volume XV, Issue 1 February 2021 PERSPECTIVES on TERRORISM Volume 15, Issue 1

    ISSN 2334-3745 Volume XV, Issue 1 February 2021 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 15, Issue 1 Table of Content Welcome from the Editors...............................................................................................................................1 Articles Bringing Religiosity Back In: Critical Reflection on the Explanation of Western Homegrown Religious Terrorism (Part I)............................................................................................................................................2 by Lorne L. Dawson Dying to Live: The “Love to Death” Narrative Driving the Taliban’s Suicide Bombings............................17 by Atal Ahmadzai The Use of Bay’ah by the Main Salafi-Jihadist Groups..................................................................................39 by Carlos Igualada and Javier Yagüe Counter-Terrorism in the Philippines: Review of Key Issues.......................................................................49 by Ronald U. Mendoza, Rommel Jude G. Ong and Dion Lorenz L. Romano Variations on a Theme? Comparing 4chan, 8kun, and other chans’ Far-right “/pol” Boards....................65 by Stephane J. Baele, Lewys Brace, and Travis G. Coan Research Notes Climate Change—Terrorism Nexus? A Preliminary Review/Analysis of the Literature...................................81 by Jeremiah O. Asaka Inventory of 200+ Institutions and Centres in the Field of Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism Research.....93 by Reinier Bergema and Olivia Kearney Resources Counterterrorism Bookshelf: Eight Books
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    French Journal For Media Research – n° 7/2017 – ISSN 2264-4733 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ MEDIATING SCANDAL IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN Igor Prusa PhD The University of Tokyo, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Information Studies1 [email protected] Abstract Cet article aborde des traits essentiels des affaires médiatiques dans le Japon contemporain. Il s'agit d'une étude interdisciplinaire qui enrichit non seulement le discours des sciences de médias et du journalisme, mais aussi la pholologie japonaise. L’inspiration théorique s'appuie sur la conception néo-fonctionnaliste du scandale en tant que performance sociale située à la limite du « rituel » (la conduite expressive à la motivation socioculturelle) et de la « stratégie » (une action stratégique délibéreée). La première partie de cette étude est consacrée aux caractéristiques du journalisme politique et du contexte médiatico-politique du Japon d’après-guerre. La seconde partie analyse le procès du scandale médiatique lui-même et quelques techniques ritualisées des organisations médiatiques japonaises. Mots-clés Médias japonais, pratiques de journalisme, affaire médiatique, rituel médiatique, procès de la scandalisation Abstract This paper investigates the main features of media scandal in contemporary Japan. This is important because it can add a fresh interdisciplinary direction in the fields of media studies, journalism, and Japanese philology. Furthermore, the sources from the mainstream media, semi-mainstream tabloids and foreign press were examined vie the lens of contemporary neofunctionalist theory, where scandal is approached as a social performance between ritual (motivated expressive behavior) and strategy (conscious strategic action). Moreover, this research illuminates the logic behind the scandal mediation process in Japan, including the performances of both the journalists and the non-media actors, who become decisive for the development of every media scandal.
  • Capitol Insurrection at Center of Conservative Movement

    Capitol Insurrection at Center of Conservative Movement

    Capitol Insurrection At Center Of Conservative Movement: At Least 43 Governors, Senators And Members Of Congress Have Ties To Groups That Planned January 6th Rally And Riots. SUMMARY: On January 6, 2021, a rally in support of overturning the results of the 2020 presidential election “turned deadly” when thousands of people stormed the U.S. Capitol at Donald Trump’s urging. Even Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell, who rarely broke with Trump, has explicitly said, “the mob was fed lies. They were provoked by the President and other powerful people.” These “other powerful people” include a vast array of conservative officials and Trump allies who perpetuated false claims of fraud in the 2020 election after enjoying critical support from the groups that fueled the Capitol riot. In fact, at least 43 current Governors or elected federal office holders have direct ties to the groups that helped plan the January 6th rally, along with at least 15 members of Donald Trump’s former administration. The links that these Trump-allied officials have to these groups are: Turning Point Action, an arm of right-wing Turning Point USA, claimed to send “80+ buses full of patriots” to the rally that led to the Capitol riot, claiming the event would be one of the most “consequential” in U.S. history. • The group spent over $1.5 million supporting Trump and his Georgia senate allies who claimed the election was fraudulent and supported efforts to overturn it. • The organization hosted Trump at an event where he claimed Democrats were trying to “rig the election,” which he said would be “the most corrupt election in the history of our country.” • At a Turning Point USA event, Rep.
  • Lelov: Cultural Memory and a Jewish Town in Poland. Investigating the Identity and History of an Ultra - Orthodox Society

    Lelov: Cultural Memory and a Jewish Town in Poland. Investigating the Identity and History of an Ultra - Orthodox Society

    Lelov: cultural memory and a Jewish town in Poland. Investigating the identity and history of an ultra - orthodox society. Item Type Thesis Authors Morawska, Lucja Rights <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" style="border-width:0" src="http://i.creativecommons.org/l/by- nc-nd/3.0/88x31.png" /></a><br />The University of Bradford theses are licenced under a <a rel="license" href="http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/">Creative Commons Licence</a>. Download date 03/10/2021 19:09:39 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7827 University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars – The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team © University of Bradford. This work is licenced for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence. Lelov: cultural memory and a Jewish town in Poland. Investigating the identity and history of an ultra - orthodox society. Lucja MORAWSKA Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Social and International Studies University of Bradford 2012 i Lucja Morawska Lelov: cultural memory and a Jewish town in Poland. Investigating the identity and history of an ultra - orthodox society. Key words: Chasidism, Jewish History in Eastern Europe, Biederman family, Chasidic pilgrimage, Poland, Lelov Abstract. Lelov, an otherwise quiet village about fifty miles south of Cracow (Poland), is where Rebbe Dovid (David) Biederman founder of the Lelov ultra-orthodox (Chasidic) Jewish group, - is buried.