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CGA Conference 2015

The Lab for and (1965 - 1991) and Its Legacy April 30th - May 1st, 2015 1730 Cambridge St., Cambridge, MA 02138

Sponsors: Esri & UCGIS Co-hosts: Center for Geographic Analysis Harvard Graduate School of Introduction

was a seminal year in the history of GIS, as the 1965 Harvard for Computer Graphics (subsequently Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis, LCG- SA ) embarked on a 20+ year journey of research and develop- ment in theoretical geography, computer , spatial analysis, and environmental design, which gave us many of today’s essential ideas and early versions of tools now embed- ded in GIS, remote sensing, geospatial science, geodesign, and online culture.

Celebrate this 50th anniversary -- along with the 10th birthday of the CGA itself! -- with special presentations from original participants from those heady days, from the Graduate School of Design and other parts of Harvard, as well as GIS scholars and researchers from around the world, looking back to those early days of “the Lab”, and tracing its legacy of seminal de- velopments into the present and on into the future.

1 For more information about CGA conferences, please go to http://gis.harvard.edu/events/conferences Program Thursday, April 30, 2015 Room CGIS S020

1:00 PM Registration

1:30 PM Welcome & Introduction Mohsen Mostafavi

RECOLLECTIONS

1:45 PM Legacy of Howard Fisher Jack Dangermond

2:15 PM The Lab & the GSD Carl Steinitz

2:45 PM From to Allan H. Schmidt

3:15 PM Coffee Break

3:30 PM Opening Discussion on The Lab Nicholas Chrisman, Geoff Dutton, Lawrie Jordan, Scott Morehouse, Donald Shepard, Eric Teicholz, Michael Woldenberg Moderator: Matthew W. Wilson

5:00 PM Reception & Exhibitions Opening - Frances Loeb Library

2 Program Friday, May 1, 2015 Room CGIS S010

8:30 AM Registration and Breakfast

REFLECTIONS

9:00 AM Welcome Alan M. Garber

9:15 AM AAG Recognition Doug Richardson

9:30 AM Panel I: Histories Nicholas Chrisman, Jeremy W. Crampton, John W. Hessler, Patrick McHaffie, Matthew W. Wilson Moderator: Peter Bol

11:00 AM Coffee Break

PROJECTIONS

11:15 AM The Lab & Geography Trevor Barnes

12:00 PM Lunch & Poster Session - CGIS South Concourse

1:15 PM Panel II: Legacies Sara Irina Fabrikant, Michael F. Goodchild, Don Janelle, David M. Mark, David Tulloch, Charles Waldheim Moderator: Matthew W. Wilson

2:45 PM Coffee Break

TRANSFORMATIONS

3:00 PM Panel III: Future Present Hugh Keegan, Ben Lewis, Robert Gerard Pietrusko, Dana Tomlin, Sarah Williams Moderator: Stephen Ervin

4:15 PM Fisher and Davis Center Prize Presentations Jack Dangermond, Alexandra Vacroux

4:30 PM Closing Remarks Jason Ur 3 5:00 PM Reception - CGIS South Concourse Abstract and Biography Welcome & Introduction The Lab & the GSD Mohsen Mostafavi Carl Steinitz

Mohsen Mostafavi, archi- The Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics tect and educator, is the and the Graduate School of Design: work from Dean of the Harvard Grad- 1963 to 1970 and some assessments uate School of Design and the Alexander and Victoria Carl Steinitz is the Alex- Wiley Professor of Design. ander and Victoria Wiley His work focuses on modes Professor of Landscape Ar- and processes of urbaniza- chitecture and Planning tion and on the interface Emeritus at Harvard Grad- between and uate School of Design, and . Mostafavi sits on the board of the Van Honorary Professor at the Alen Institute, serves on the steering committee Centre for Advanced Spatial of the Aga Khan Award for Architecture, and Analysis, College is a member of the Urban Council Board of The London. Professor Steinitz Skolkovo Foundation. At Harvard, he co-chairs has devoted much of his academic and profes- the Harvard University Committee for the Arts sional career to improving methods for designing and co-chaired the Common Spaces Committee, conservation and development in highly valued and continues to serve on the Advisory Commit- landscapes that are undergoing substantial pres- tee for Common Spaces Projects, the Smith Cam- sures for change. He began his affiliation with pus Center Executive Committee, the Harvard the Harvard Laboratory for Computer Board, and the Harvard Allston Steer- and Spatial Analysis in 1965. In 1984, the Council ing Committee. He is a member of the Executive of Educators in Landscape Architecture (CELA) Committees of the Mahindra Humanities Center, presented Professor Steinitz with the Outstand- the Harvard Innovation Lab, the Laboratory at ing Educator Award for his “extraordinary con- Harvard, and the Standing Committee on Mid- tribution to environmental design ” dle Eastern Studies. and for his “pioneering exploration in the use of computer technology in landscape planning, es- pecially in the areas of resource management and RECOLLECTIONS visual impact assessment.” Professor Steinitz is principal author of “Alternative Futures for Legacy of Howard Fisher Changing Landscapes”, Press, 2003, and Jack Dangermond author of “A Framework for Geodesign”, Esri Press, 2012. Jack Dangermond founded Esri in 1969 with a vision From Software to Data that a mapping and analy- Allan H. Schmidt sis framework could pro- vide a deeper understand- Harvard Laboratory for Computer Graphics and ing of our world and help Spatial Analysis, From Software to Data as Re- us design a better future. called As founder and president of Esri, Dangermond’s lead- Abstract: (1) Pioneering development of computer ership and vision stimulate mapping packages (SYMAP, SYMVU, CALFORM, the ongoing innovation of GIS that ASPEX, and ODYSSEY); (2) Creating innovative enable people to make insightful decisions and theories of geographic ; (3) Development and improve the quality of life everywhere. demonstration of the theory of topological cartographic data structures and related software that provided ba- 3 sic building blocks for modern geographic information Abstract and Biography systems (GIS), including overlay; (4) Graphic Geomatics Sciences at the Université Laval, Can- techniques for displaying spatial-temporal data using ada with his principal assignment as Scientific Di- time-lapse movies and holograms; (5) Conferences for rector of the GEOIDE Network. From 1987-2004, practicing professionals and case study descriptions he was Professor of Geography at University of applications of automated cartography; (6) Public of Washington. From 1982-87, he was Assistant promotion of automated cartography through example Professor in the Department of Landscape Archi- in national publications; and (7) Demonstration tecture at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. projects using the Laboratory’s cartographic software From 1972-82 he was a programmer at the Labo- to serve clients within the university as well as exter- ratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analy- nal public and private organizations. sis, Harvard GSD. His PhD is from the University of Bristol (UK) for research on error and statistics Allan H. Schmidt formerly applied to categorical maps. For many decades, was Executive Director of his writing has tried to connect the technical de- the Harvard Laboratory for tails of GIS to larger issues of philosophy, history Computer Graphics and a and culture. specialist in research, de- velopment and application Geoffrey Dutton has de- of computer technology signed, developed, used, (Continued) as it relates to geographic and documented many information systems. Cur- software applications in rently retired, he recently academia and industry. He explored the origin and application of such tech- was a researcher in Har- nology in the life and times of Henry Thoreau. vard’s Lab for Computer Results of his work have been reported as a series Graphics and Spatial Anal- of presentations to the annual Gathering of the ysis from 1969 through Thoreau Society. Recent reports may be found 1984. He is best known as at http://allanhschmidt2.wordpress.com/ and the editor of Harvard Papers in Geographic In- http://allanhschmidt.wordpress.com. He also formation Systems and for his cartographic vi- serves as Chair of The Mill Brook Task Force, a sualizations, most notably a four-dimensional subcommittee of Concord’s Natural Resources holographic animating 180 years of US pop- Commission. http://www.concordma.gov/pag- ulation growth that has been exhibited at confer- es/ConcordMA_NaturalResources/subcomm/ ences, in museums, on public , and is mbtf now in museum collections at MIT and Harvard. Subsequently, Geoff designed computer graphics Opening Discussion on The Lab exhibitions, created flight software, Nicholas Chrisman, Geoff Dutton, Lawrie Jor- designed geospatial , and conducted dan, Scott Morehouse, Donald Shepard, Eric Te- GIS application projects in transportation, water icholz, Michael Woldenberg resources, and utility mapping for government Moderator: Matthew W. Wilson clients. He presently works as a technical com- municator and has created online user docu- Nicholas Chrisman is cur- mentation for visualizing data, building analytic rently Editor of the jour- applications, and creating user interfaces for tech- nal Cartography and nical . He also reported on IT trends in Geographic Information his popular weekly newsletter on IT technology Science, based in Belling- trends, IDC’s IT Forecaster, followed by 100,000 ham, Washington. Until subscribers. Geoff has degrees from Columbia, 2015, he was Professor of Harvard and the University of Zürich. Geospatial Science and Discipline Head at RMIT Lawrie Jordan is Director of Imagery at Esri, as University in Melbourne, well as special assistant to Esri founder, Jack 4 Australia. From 2005-2012, he was Professor of Dangermond. Lawrie attended the GSD from Abstract and Biography 1973-1975, where he re- proving health the United ceived his Masters in Land- States and internationally. scape Architecture as a stu- His major concentrations dent of Carl Steinitz. From are cost and cost-effective- 1975-1978 Jordan worked ness analysis in health and with fellow GSD grads health financing. His stud- Bruce Rado and Doug Allen ies are supported by gov- of the Georgia DNR along ernment agencies (e.g. CMS with Georgia Tech professor and NIH), foundations (e.g. Nick Faust to create the first Gates) and international state-wide Landsat land cover map in the Unit- agencies (e.g. World Bank). With incentives and ed States. This project proved to be instrumen- value-based purchasing, he has evaluated ran- tal in getting legislation passed to preserve and domized trials of the cost-effectiveness of two permanently protect Georgia’s beautiful coastal pay-for-performance (P4P) interventions in sub- Barrier Islands against imminent development stance abuse treatment in the US, and has led in- threats. In 1978, Lawrie, Bruce, and Nick found- ternational evaluations of P4P in the Republic of ed ERDAS, Inc., a pioneering processing Congo, Rwanda and Haiti. Focus areas include software company that served as a key strategic cardiovascular disease, HIV/AIDS, dengue, ma- (Continued) partner of Esri for more than 25 years. laria, vaccines, pharmaceuticals, and vector con- trol. He co-authored the paper that first devel- Scott Morehouse is Direc- oped the acronym QALY (for Quality Adjusted tor, International Research Life Year). He is also an adjunct faculty member and Development Centers, at Brown University. He is the author of 175 pro- Esri. He studied at a vari- fessional publications, including 3 books. ety of schools, finally com- pleting an interdisciplinary Eric Teicholz is president degree in Geography, Ecol- and founder of Graphic ogy, and Systems, Inc., a Lexing- from Hampshire College in ton-MA firm specializing 1977. Scott worked as a re- in facility management and search associate in the Laboratory for Computer real estate automation con- Graphics and Spatial Analysis, Harvard School sulting. He is the author/ of Design, from 1977 to 1981. He worked on the editor of 12 books on these Odyssey project along with Denis White, Nick subjects. He is a Fellow of Chrisman, James Dougenik, and others. He was the International Facility responsible for the development of the Polyps Management Association; chair of IFMA’s sus- thematic mapping program and for the prepara- tainability Strategic Advisory ; a member tion of Odyssey for broad distribution as a soft- of the Standards Committee, a recent member ware package. In 1981, Scott joined Jack Danger- of the Board of Directors and an advisor to the mond and Esri in Redlands, California. Scott led Commonwealth of MA Integrated Facility Man- the development of GIS software at Esri, building agement and Advanced Energy Group’s initia- several generations of technology and growing tives. He is an Associate Professor emeritus at a capable team of programmers and system de- Harvard University’s Graduate School of Design signers in support of an active and engaged com- and was Associate Director of the GSD’s Lab for munity of users. Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis.

Donald S. Shepard, Ph. D is Professor at the Michael Woldenberg came to the Lab in 1967 to Schneider Institutes for Health Policy at the Hell- work on Bill Warntz’s ONR grant, Geography er School, Brandeis University. Director of the and the Properties of Surfaces. Ernie Lindgren, Institutes’ Cost and Value Group, he is a health whose specialty was n-dimensional , 5 economist concerned with maintaining and im- was funded by the same grant. In my research Abstract and Biography I sought (and continue to ed and was the president of seek) explanations by com- GeoResearch, Inc., a private paring forms and processes research firm specializing from geomorphology or ge- in the environmental and ography to those from bi- geographical sciences. His ology and physiology and current research interests vice-versa. This reflects a range from GIScience and 50 year interest in hierar- Health to Geography and chical laws, allom- the Humanities. He has etry and growth models served on numerous pri- for cities, rivers, blood vessels, airways, brain vate, public, and NGO boards and committees, cells and trees. The scaling laws were based on including currently the National Geospatial Ad- Christaller’s hexagonal partitioning of space and visory Committee, chairing its Geolocational Pri- Strahler’s stream morphometry. I also used min- vacy subcommittee. imum transport-cost models to determine the “cost principle” that governs the branching ge- Panel I: Histories ometry of blood vessels. While at Harvard, Steve Nicholas Chrisman, Jeremy W. Crampton, John Gould and I began the Philomorphs, a group W. Hessler, Patrick McHaffie, Matthew W. (Continued) which met monthly to hear papers on form. Wilson Geoff Dutton, Ranko Bon and Peter Stevens par- Moderator: Peter Bol ticipated. From 1975 until 2008 I taught physical geography, geomorphology and the history of Navigating the perils of first person history: Les- geographic thought at the University of Buffalo. sons from Charting the Unknown My research continues in retirement. Abstract: Nine years ago, a book titled Charting the Unknown: How computer mapping at Harvard be- REFLECTIONS came GIS was published by ESRI Press. It had the fol- lowing abstract: Welcome There are many stories about the origins of geograph- Alan M. Garber ic information systems technology. A few of them are true. But no matter which story you hear, if you probe Alan M. Garber, MD, PhD a little bit, you will find a connection to the Harvard is Provost of Harvard Uni- Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analy- versity and the Mallinck- sis, where, beginning in 1965, planners, geographers, rodt Professor of Health cartographers, mathematicians, computer scientists, Care Policy at Harvard artists, and many others converged to rethink themat- Medical School, a Professor ic mapping, spatial analysis, and what is now called of Economics in the Fac- GIS. ulty of Arts and Sciences, This presentation reflects on writing this account in Professor of Public Policy the first person, a venture with many pitfalls. Despite in the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, the risks, the goals of history may be well served by en- and Professor in the Department of Health Pol- gaged first person narratives that recognize the risks. icy and Management in the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Nicholas Chrisman - see page 4

AAG Recognition Doug Richardson The Biopolitical Origins of GIS?

Douglas Richardson is the Executive Director of Abstract: In this presentation I examine the possibil- the Association of American Geographers (AAG). ity and implications of understanding GIS as having 6 Prior to joining the AAG, Dr. Richardson found- biopolitical origins. On this view mapping and GIS Abstract and Biography are constituted as technologies of governance that Searching for Bunge: The History of Computer necessarily enroll specific geographical knowledges Cartography and GIS Project at the Library of (ie., those that are calculable, can circulate, and are Congress computationally tractable). Examples are offered from Arthur Robinson’s Map Division of the OSS during Abstract: Over the last decade the Library of Con- WWII, the Chilean government’s “Cybersyn” project gress has engaged in a large scale program to collect, under President Allende in the early 1970s, and to- preserve, and to make available to scholars the most day’s geographical intelligence (GEOINT) and drone important materials related to the birth of comput- deployments. A major question about these historical er cartography and GIS. This program has collected moments, however, is the changing role of the state. critical archival collections from some of the founders Whereas in WWII and in Chile government directly of the discipline like Roger Tomlinson and Nicholas funded and directed mapping and spatial data acqui- Chrisman, along with other lesser known collections sition, today under neoliberalism we see commercial from places like the US Census Bureau, NASA and interests become paramount. While today’s GIS and the United States Geological Survey. This talk will geospatial markets might appear to trump the state, describe some of these collections, the preservation I suggest in fact they exist as complex assemblages of program at the Library of Congress, and talk about public, private, and academic interests that we need to some of the surprising and lesser known mathemat- trace out. ical and philosophical influences found within these (Continued) collections. Jeremy W. Crampton works on the intersections of crit- John W. Hessler is a Special- ical cartography/GIS and ist in Modern Cartography political geography. I’m and Geographic Informa- interested in mappings, tion Science at the Library security, and political ge- of Congress and a lecturer ographies. More broadly I in Cartography, GIS and work on critical mapping Computer (including the geoweb) as in the Graduate School of offering alternatives to the Advanced Studies at Johns surveillant security state. I co-founded the New Hopkins University. The Maps Collaboratory at University of Kentucky. author over one-hundred articles and books, he One piece of this is the history of mapping and is also the founder of The Scaling Lab, a carto- geographical intelligence (GEOINT). How does graphic and mathematical collective that uses governmentality enroll geographical knowledg- the theory of complex adaptive systems and cel- es, and how does it produce mapping and GIS lular automata to study geographical phenome- as technologies of government? I draw on the non and social networks. Much of his research work of Michel Foucault to gain insights into has concentrated on the computer modeling and these questions, especially on surveillance and mathematical analysis of historical spatial net- biopolitics. A second piece is how today Big Data works where he has developed new techniques are framing the contours of our lives in the age of for historical map geo-rectification and network the . What is the genealogy of the algo- shape analysis. His mathematical studies of ear- rithm and especially its relation to calculability ly mapmaking have been featured in numerous that might help us better understand geotechnol- national media outlets including the New York ogy, Big Data and geolocational practices? Times, Washington Post and most recently in Discover Magazine (June 2014). An avid traveler and mountaineer, Hessler is a regular contribu- tor to the climbing and exploration journal Al- pinist and is currently at work on the forthcom- ing books, Map: the art of , (Phaidon, September, 2015) and Cartography’s Final Fron- tier: the Mapping of the Human Brain, to be pub- 7 lished in 2016. Abstract and Biography Almost Famous: a computer cartography confer- at Harvard in 1948. ence at Northwestern University, 1970 Matthew W. Wilson is an Abstract: In spring 1970, an early conference con- assistant professor in the cerned with computer-aided cartography was held at Department of Geography Northwestern University in Evanston. Organizers at the University of Ken- included (among others) Howard Fisher of the Lab- tucky and a visiting scholar oratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis at the Center for Geograph- (LCGSA). A reading of the conference proceedings ic Analysis at Harvard Uni- provides an opportunity to consider the portability of versity. He has previous- written and spoken language that had become normal ly taught at the Harvard at the lab into other settings. The conference was a Graduate School of Design, return for Fisher to the place where he had conceived and his current research project focuses on the the SYMAP program, and can be seen as a sign of founding of the Laboratory for Computer Graph- its significance in the development of computer-aided ics at Harvard in 1965, a catalyzing moment in cartography. the advent of the digital map. He holds a PhD in Geography from the University of Washington. Patrick McHaffie (Ph.D. (Continued) Kentucky, 1992) is an as- sociate professor in the PROJECTIONS Department of Geography at DePaul University. He The Lab & Geography came to DePaul in 1996 Trevor Barnes after appointments at the Kentucky Geological Sur- The Harvard Lab and American Post-War Geog- vey, West Virginia, Dart- raphy mouth, and West Georgia. His work has included the social history of car- Abstract: This paper sets the Harvard Lab within the tography and GIS, the cartographic labor process, context of the intellectual changes occurring within cartographic ethics, the geography of education American post-War social sciences, and especially spending and Appalachian social geography, the in human geography that from the mid-1950s expe- social construction of the global, as well as work rienced a “quantitative revolution” that included the on automation as policy and ideology in the use of computerization. Harvard had dropped geog- United States during the cold war. Over the past raphy as a discipline in 1948, its President, James ten years (working with anthropologist Howard Conant, concluding that “geography was not a uni- Rosing) he has developed and conducted two versity subject.” In 1966, however, Harvard hired as study abroad programs (Kenya and Domini- associate director of the Lab the geographer, William can Republic) that combine GIS and community Warntz. Two years later, Warntz became Director, mapping with food security. and added to the Lab’s name, “and Spatial Analysis.” Geography had returned to Harvard. Sort of. Warntz had earlier been involved with a movement to revive The Opportunity of 1948 social . As a movement, it perfectly fitted the new post-War American social science ideals of in- Abstract: The origin stories that surround geograph- terdisciplinarity, instrumentality, mathematization, ic information systems focus in on the , as a pe- and modelling, and yoked to the power of the com- riod of intense advancements in computer supported puter. Warntz brought his social physics perspective cartography. In these short comments, I consider one to human geography from the mid-1950s, helping to site of such innovation: the Harvard Laboratory for transform American geography into a mainstream so- Computer Graphics (and Spatial Analysis), founded cial science for the first time ever. His appointment by Howard Fisher in 1965, but read through the open- as Director of the Lab should have been his crowning 8 ings created by the closure of the geography program achievement, as well as that of the discipline of geogra- Abstract and Biography phy. But this turned out not to be the case. context of early analytical computer cartography work at the CGSAL. Trevor Barnes is Professor and Distinguished Uni- Sara Irina Fabrikant is a versity Scholar at the De- Professor of Geography, partment of Geography, and the appointed Head of University of British Co- the Geography Department lumbia. He has been teach- at the University of Zürich ing at UBC since 1983. He (UZH) where she also heads has written on a variety of the Geographic Information topics from formal mathe- Visualization and Analysis matical modelling to Amer- Group at its GIScience Cen- ican pragmatist philosophy, from Vancouver’s ter. She is the elected chair industry to the history of American of the ICA Cognitive Visualization Commission. geography from the Second World War. He is Her research and teaching interests lie in geo- the author or editor of a dozen books and more graphic information visualization and geovisu- than 150 papers and chapters. He was elected al analytics (geoVA), GIScience and cognition, Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 2011, including dynamic cartography. She has been/ (Continued) and Corresponding Fellow of the British Acade- is the program co-chair of various top-tier GI- my in 2014. Science conferences (e.g., AGILE 2008, GIScience 2010, CartoCon 2014, COSIT 2015, etc.). She has Panel II: Legacies made various presentations at national and inter- Sara Irina Fabrikant, Michael F. Goodchild, Don national professional meetings, including invited Janelle, David M. Mark, David Tulloch, Charles keynotes and other lectures at across Waldheim Europe, North America, Asia, and New Zealand. Moderator: Matthew W. Wilson Other service includes functions with the Associ- ation of American Geographers, the International Computer cartography depicts the world digital- Cartographic Association’s Commission on Geo- ly. Do map users understand these displays? visualization, the North American Cartograph- ic Information Society, and the Swiss Society of Abstract: Early work in analytical computer car- Cartography. tography dealt with developing methods, , and tools to digitally represent very rich and complex real-word space-time processes and phenomena on Beyond the SYMAP Ruler: The Profound Legacy mostly, static 2D digital map displays. This, of course, of the Lab included the trail blazing research in automated car- tography at the Harvard Computer Graphics and Spa- Abstract: The Lab first achieved prominence with tial Analysis Lab. Today, responsive geographic infor- SYMAP. Although several notable advances were mation displays on interactive, mobile, and location included, such as the spatial interpolation algorithm, aware devices are even worn on the body (i.e., smart the Lab’s fundamental contributions came later, in phones, glasses, watches, fitness trackers, or woven the form of efficient algorithms for standard GIS op- into smart fabrics), and are increasingly used for re- erations (in ODYSSEY), the papers in theoretical ge- al-time space-time decision making on the go. Even ography spearheaded by Warntz, and the conferences though geographic information displays form an inte- that cemented an emerging research community, most gral part of human activities, we still lack fundamen- obviously the conference on Topological Data Struc- tal understanding if, how, and when, such displays tures of the late 1970s. I present a personal assessment support effective and efficient spatio-temporal deci- of these advances and their impacts. sion making and action, and for whom, especially in increasingly emotionally charged and collaborative Michael F. Goodchild is Emeritus Professor of decision contexts. In this talk, I report on ongoing de- Geography at the University of California, Santa 9 velopments in dynamic and mobile cartography in the Barbara, where he also holds the title of Research Abstract and Biography Professor. He also holds an Michigan State University. affiliate appointment in the Janelle’s research and pub- Department of Geography lications are based broadly at the University of Wash- within geography and affil- ington. Until his retirement iated social and behavioral in June 2012 he was Jack and sciences. Primary themes Laura Dangermond Profes- include space-time analyses sor of Geography, and Di- of individual behavior, the rector of UCSB’s Center for time-geography of cities, Spatial Studies. He received the temporal-spatial order- his BA degree from Cambridge University in ing of social systems, locational conflict analy- Physics in 1965 and his PhD in geography from sis, social issues in transportation, and the role McMaster University in 1969, and has received of space-adjusting technologies in structuring four honorary doctorates. He has published over new patterns of social and economic organiza- 15 books and 500 articles. His research interests tion. Janelle has authored more than 130 journal center on geographic , spatial articles and book chapters, and has co-edited six analysis, and uncertainty in geographic data. books, including Information, Place, and Cyber- space: Issues in Accessibility; Spatially Integrat- (Continued) ed Social Science; and Space in Mind—Concepts The Unpublished Works of William Warntz for Spatial Learning and Education. He is a recip- ient of the Edward L. Ullman Award for Career Abstract: Unpublished works of Bill Warntz (Di- Contributions to Transportation Geography and rector of Harvard’s Laboratory for Computer Graph- the Ronald F. Abler Honors Award for Distin- ics and Spatial Analysis, 1966-71) offer clues to his guished Service from the Association of Amer- trajectories in geographic thinking. Distances in the ican Geographers. More information at http:// Man-made Environment (a consolidation of macro- www.spatial.ucsb.edu/janelle. geography), Geography the Innocent Science (co-con- ceived with, and authored by, William Bunge in the 1960s), and Place Names, Probabilities, and Priorities From SYMAP to Topological Data Structures: (linking cultural literacy to geographical understand- 1969-1978, a decade of distant influence from the ing) are book-length manuscripts. Warntz envisioned Harvard Lab additional books: “Geographical Verisimilitudes” (es- says on geographical puzzles and paradoxes); “The Abstract: The Harvard Laboratory for Computer Shape of the Earth—the History of the Idea” (review- Graphics and Spatial Analysis played a pivotal role ing everyday experiences and the discriminatory pow- in the early development of what we now call GIS, GI- er of evidence); “Geography Of and For the Educa- Science, and the spatial sciences. The lab developed and tional Establishment” (the university’s role within its distributed software, conducted research in theoretical region and the place of imagination and values as ex- geography, and served as a drop-in center and infor- pressed in faculty activities and student accomplish- mal clearinghouse for key innovations in GIScience. ments); “The Growth of the North American Econom- In this talk, I will present brief personal recollections ic System” (how flows of money, information, ideas, of how the Harvard Lab had profound influences on people, raw materials, and commodities structure the my intellectual and professional development, main- human organization of space); and “Theoretical Geog- ly in the decade from 1969-1978, and mostly through raphy and Global-Global Patterns (sic) with Examples my advisor and mentor, Thomas K. Poiker (formerly from Physical Geography” (measures of continental- Peucker). ity represented as continuous surfaces of pressure, topographic patterns, and networks). David M. Mark is a SUNY Distinguished Profes- sor Emeritus in the Department of Geography Donald Janelle is Professor Emeritus (Univer- at the University at Buffalo (UB), the State Uni- sity of Western Ontario); Researcher Emeritus versity of New York. He retired in 2013. Mark’s 10 (University of California, Santa Barbara); PhD, Ph.D. at Simon Fraser University was supervised Abstract and Biography by Thomas K. Poiker and ison. Dr. Tulloch’s interest in multidisciplinary funded by an ONR grant. applications of geographic information systems Mark served as Director of (GIS) has manifest itself through mapping and the Buffalo site of the NC- analysis of spatial patterns of childhood obesi- GIA from 1995 until his ty in New Jersey cities, investigations of poten- retirement. Mark served tial uses of crowdsourced geographic data, and as PI/PD for Buffalo’s two studies of local government geospatial data shar- NSF-funded Integrative ing practices. Much of his teaching and research Graduate Education and falls under the umbrella of the emerging field of Research Traineeship (IG- Geodesign. ERT) projects in Geographic Information Science. Mark has written or co-authored more than 250 publications, including 85 refereed articles and 8 Landscape Architecture as Digital Mapping: the edited books. He has made more than 260 ac- Case of Dr. Kongjian Yu ademic presentations, more than two thirds at professional meetings, and the others as invited Abstract: This paper opens with a brief account of talks at universities and government agencies. the origins of landscape architecture and its formative Mark has been named the UCGIS Researcher disciplinary and professional role in Fisher’s Lab. The (Continued) of the Year (2004), UCGIS Educator of the Year paper describes in greater detail the impact of the Lab’s (2009), a UCGIS Fellow (2010). research on the intellectual formation of one particular doctoral student at the GSD, Kongjian Yu. The paper surveys the impact of the Lab through the transfer of Innovating Across Disciplinary Boundaries knowledge on digital mapping in landscape architec- ture from the GSD to practices of ecological planning Abstract: One of the important legacies of the Com- in contemporary China. puter Graphics Lab has been the breadth of impact by its countless innovations. The unique positioning of Charles Waldheim is a Ca- the lab fostered in its innovators an attitude of explo- nadian-American architect, ration and creativity that produced much more than urbanist, and educator. simple engineered solutions. Both the leaders and Waldheim’s research ex- staff also embraced the diffusion of their ideas through amines the relations be- workshops and materials that were widely accessible tween landscape, ecology, for the time. Today the many disciplines represented and contemporary urban- by the University Consortium for Geographic Infor- ism. He is author, editor, mation Science (UCGIS) have all benefited from that or co-editor of numerous early work. This presentation will connect some of books on these subjects, those key innovations with their beneficiaries in the and his writing has been published and trans- GIScience community. lated internationally. Waldheim is John E. Irving Professor and Chair of Landscape Architecture David Tulloch is an Asso- at Harvard University’s Graduate School of De- ciate Professor in Land- sign. He has lectured internationally and has scape Architecture and the taught at Rice University, University of Toronto, Associate Director of the University of Pennsylvania, and the University Center for Remote Sensing of Michigan. Waldheim is recipient of the Rome and Spatial Analysis in the Prize Fellowship from the American Academy in School of Environmental Rome; the Visiting Scholar Research Fellowship and Biological Sciences at at the Study Centre of the Canadian Centre for Rutgers, The State Univer- Architecture; the Cullinan Chair at Rice Universi- sity of New Jersey. He holds ty, and the Sanders Fellowship at the University a B.S.L.A. from Kentucky, M.L.A. from LSU and of Michigan. 11 a Ph.D. in Land Resources from Wisconsin-Mad- Abstract and Biography TRANSFORMATIONS The Harvard CGA: A Platform to Promote Geo- spatial Solutions in Higher Education Panel III: Future Present Hugh Keegan, Ben Lewis, Robert Gerard Pietrus- Abstract: Ben will discuss the approach CGA has ko, Dana Tomlin, Sarah Williams evolved over the past 10 years to promote geospatial Moderator: Stephen Ervin solutions within higher education. The CGA stands on the shoulders of research labs like Harvard’s Labo- A GIS “expert” gets “educated” on the “system” ratory for Computer Graphics, and on many other ac- part of Geographic while ademic and commercial innovators around the world, working on Ebola at the WHO with the practical goal of providing scholars with ac- cess to the most pertinent set of geospatial technolo- Abstract: At the height of the Ebola epidemic in 2014, gies and training given the scholar’s goals. a few GIS “experts” were brought onsite at the World Health Organization’s HQ, to help support their GIS Ben Lewis is system archi- and epidemiological efforts. A brief summary of the tect and project manager hurdles the WHO faced with their basic GIS opera- for WorldMap, an open tions and a discussion of some of the technical and source infrastructure that practical issues encountered. A few thoughts about supports collaborative re- (Continued) the limits of the technology currently available and search centered on geo- some speculations about the success of new geospatial spatial information. Before technologies in the context of a Geographic Informa- joining Harvard, Ben was tion “System” in a crisis. Are there situations when a project manager with Ad- an appropriate technology, really isn’t? vanced Technology Solu- tions of Pennsylvania, where he led the company Hugh Keegan was intro- in adopting platform independent approaches to duced to GIS while work- GIS system development. Ben studied Chinese at ing at Oak Ridge Natl. the University of Wisconsin and has a Masters in Laboratory in the mid 70’s Planning from the University of Pennsylvania. and told the place to learn After Penn, Ben helped start the GIS Lab at U.C. more, was at the GSD in Berkeley, founded the GIS group for transporta- the Landscape Architec- tion engineering firm McCormick Taylor, and co- ture program, specifically ordinated the Land Acquisition Mapping System because of its connection for South Florida Water Management District. with the Lab for Computer Ben is especially interested in technologies that Graphics and Spatial Analysis. I am extremely lower the barrier to spatial technology access. grateful to have been a student of Carl Steinitz, Dave Sinton and Dana Tomlin. Eric Teicholz and Allan Schmidt were kind enough to hire me after Cartographic Immersion Across Scales graduation as a Research Analyst at the LCGSA. I joined ESRI in 1982, doing GIS project work, Abstract: Management, Speculation, Design, Debate, and helped form the Applications Prototype Lab Communication— Geographic Information Systems there in 1984. This group performs applied R&D have given us tools to spatialize these fundamental work, mostly for NGOs, and represented ESRI in acts. Beyond the tools themselves, and perhaps more the head to head competitions that characterized importantly, GIS has inspired a culture of geospa- the adoption of GIS technology in its early com- tial awareness and imagination where an increasing mercial days. We’ve developed hundreds of pro- number of people understand complicated processes as totypes for organizations as diverse as the Jane being spatially determined and operating at a variety Goodall Foundation to the JPL. of geographic scales. While there is much interest in the important relationship between geospatial data and the world it represents, this paper will focus on 12 the above-mentioned awareness and imagination pro- Abstract and Biography duced by maps themselves in relationship with their al decades ago, those that have often (but not always) viewer, and specifically how this relationship might been evident in the years since, those I certainly see inspire the public towards a new engagement with today, and those that I fully expect to see on more - their world. and more varied - faces in the future. Cultivating in- terest in geospatial information technology on the part As case studies, I will present a series of immersive of prospective students is easy; right? Of course it is, cartographic installations I have designed over the except when it isn’t. So what distinguishes one from last ten years in the museum and gallery context. the other? I have my own ideas, and I suspect you do Through these projects, I will explore how data-driven as well. So we should talk; I’ll use my time to try to story-telling at vast spatial and temporal scales can get that conversation started. be made intuitive and haptic at the scale of the human body. By giving cartography the task of immersion, Dana Tomlin has managed one is able to explore a wide range of multi-sensory to avoid real work for sev- and visceral forms of communication far beyond the eral decades now by in- normally stated goal of “legibility.” Acknowledging stead pursuing a hobby that cartography has historically inspired a public by that was first acquired on denoting the unknown, the obscure, the opaque — the the upper floors of Gund terra ingonita, cartographic immersion recovers all of Hall. Among those will- (Continued) these affective techniques to inspire a public that is cu- ing to tolerate his preoccu- rious and engaged in the world’s spatial processes both pation with the modeling intellectually and emotionally, with the belief that the of continuous geospatial mobilization of these sensibilities in concert is what phenomena over the years have been several ac- truly embeds people in the world and its dynamics. ademic institutions (Harvard, Ohio State, Penn, Yale), some non-academic enterprises (Azavea, Robert Gerard Pietrusko ERDAS, ESRI, Google, …), an unsuspecting pub- is an assistant professor of lic (NASA, NSF, USDA, …), a discerning wife Landscape Architecture (Sam, who also haunted those upper floors in and Urban Planning at the the mid-70s), and an inspiring son (Mat, who is Harvard University Grad- about to pursue his own irrational passion as a uate School of Design. His career). Dana now works plays in New Haven research and teaching fo- and Philly but still comes home to all that rural cuses on geographic repre- New England has to offer. sentation and simulation, as well as the history of spatial taxonomies and remote vision. He is the princi- Sourced City: Visual City pal of Warning Office— an experimental carto- graphic practice. His work has been exhibited at Abstract: Mobile devices, civic technology, and social the MoMA, SFMOMA, The Foundation Cartier, media allow for the creation of innovative approaches and the ZKM Center for Art and Media, among towards collecting and visualizing new forms of ur- others, and has been featured in Metropolis, Ar- ban data to describe and expose city patterns. Personal chitectural Record, and Domus. http://www. devices can be easily re-purposed into individual data warning-office.org/ collection tools that allow advocates, researchers, and organizations to harness the power of information in order to transform policy conversations. The Civ- Mapping What Isn’t Quite There ic Data Design Lab at MIT engages with these new tools, data, and resulting visualizations to generate Abstract: It’s a title that could well have been used new planning initiatives, policy debates and design to introduce musings about the future of raster-based proposals transforming the way we see the urban en- GIS. I will resist that temptation, however, in favor vironment. examples from the Lab Williams of something more fundamental and about which I feel will explore the potential of these new systems to be more qualified to comment. You guessed it: twinkles integrated in the work of planners, architects and pol- 13 in the eye … those that were there in Cambridge sever- Abstract and Biography icy experts to make informed decision about the city, Panel Moderators using data which comes at a temporal and spatial scale Peter Bol, Stephen Ervin, Matthew W. Wilson that was previously unavailable . Peter Bol is the Vice Provost Sarah Williams is an As- for Advances in Learning sistant Professor of Urban and the Charles H. Car- Planning and the Director swell Professor East Asian of the Civic Data Design Languages and Civiliza- Lab at Massachusetts Insti- tions. He led Harvard’s tute of Technology’s (MIT) university-wide effort to School of Architecture and establish support for geo- Planning School. The Civ- spatial analysis in teaching ic Data Design Lab works and research; in 2005 he with data, maps, and mo- was named the first director of the Center for bile technologies to develop interactive design Geographic Analysis. He also directs the China and communication strategies that bring urban Historical Geographic Information Systems proj- policy issues to broader audiences. Trained as ect, a collaboration between Harvard and Fudan a Geographer, Landscape Architect, and Urban University in Shanghai to create a GIS for 2000 (End) Planner, Williams work combines geographic years of Chinese history, and is involved in other analysis and design. Williams’ design work has projects aimed at enhancing digital information been widely exhibited including work in the linkages between East Asian and Western schol- Guggenheim and the ars. (MoMA) in New York City. Before coming to MIT, Williams was Co-Director of the Spatial In- Stephen M. Ervin is the As- formation Design Lab at Columbia University’s, sistant Dean for Information Graduate School of Architecture Planning and Technology at the Harvard Preservation (GSAPP). University Graduate School of Design, and a Lecturer in the Department of Land- Closing Remarks scape Architecture, where Jason Ur he has taught since 1989. Ervin teaches and conducts Jason Ur is Professor of An- research in the areas of de- thropology in the Depart- sign, computing, media and technology, with a ment of Anthropology at special interest in landscape modeling and visu- Harvard University, and di- alization, and the integration of CAD, GIS and rector of its Center for Geo- emerging technologies including GeoDesign. graphic Analysis. He spe- The founding chairman of the American Society cializes in early urbanism, of Landscape Architects’(ASLA) Open Commit- landscape , and tee on in Landscape Architecture and remote sensing, particular- a Fellow of the ASLA, he holds a Master’s degree ly the use of declassified US in Landscape Architecture from the University intelligence imagery. He has directed field sur- of Massachusetts at Amherst and a PhD in Ur- veys in Syria, Iraq, Turkey, and Iran. He is the ban Studies from the Massachusetts Institute of author of Urbanism and Cultural Landscapes in Technology. A regular contributor to the Inter- Northeastern Syria: The Tell Hamoukar Survey, national Digital Landscape Architecture (DLA) 1999-2001 (2010). Since 2012, he has directed the conference, he has been a prominent player in the Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey, an archaeo- development of the theoretical basis for the inte- logical survey in the Kurdistan Region of north- gration of computing tools and design methods. ern Iraq. He is also preparing a history of Meso- 14 potamian cities. Matthew W. Wilson - see page 8 Exhibitions Two GSD Exhibitions

From Drones to Data Portals and Maps: A Brief History of GIS at Harvard Library Over the past two decades, Geographic Information System (GIS) has become an integral part of many academic disciplines. This installation showcases the many different ways Harvard Library provides GIS services to students and scholars. This exhibit illustrates the innovative research, teaching, and learning support that libraries provide in an ever-changing information environment. Through col- laborations and partnerships, librarians create and make accessible new digital collections. April 13 - June 30, 2015. Graduate School of Design (GSD), Frances Loeb Library, Library Bibliography Wall.

“The Lab” and its Legacy This exhibition showcases computer-generated maps and graphics, both from ‘Then’ and from ‘Now’, surrounded by , texts, artifacts, and correspondence, mostly from 1965 to 1985, that il- lustrate the various disciplines, viewpoints, and individuals who contributed to those heady days of experimentation and development. One wall of the exhibition is devoted to works by contemporary researchers and developers, building upon, and going beyond, the foundation laid by “The Lab”, half a century ago. April 9 - May 15, 2015. Graduate School of Design (GSD), Frances Loeb Library, Special Collections.

15 Hashtag for the conference: #harvardgis the conference: for Hashtag and subscribe to CGA monthly newsletter: subscribe CGA to monthly and Please follow us on Twitter: @HarvardCGA Twitter: on us Please follow http://gis.harvard.edu/publications/newsletter Harvard University. Website: http://gis.harvard.edu/ Website: University. Harvard The Center for Geographic Analysis (CGA) supports geospatial research and teaching at teaching and research geospatial (CGA)supports Analysis Geographic for The Center Purchase Parking Pass: https://www2.uos.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/permit/purchase.pl Pass: Parking Purchase Map of the Harvard Campus: Harvard the of Map Direction