Hardware-Accelerated Volume Rendering
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ARTG-2306-CRN-11966-Graphic Design I Computer Graphics
Course Information Graphic Design 1: Computer Graphics ARTG 2306, CRN 11966, Section 001 FALL 2019 Class Hours: 1:30 pm - 4:20 pm, MW, Room LART 411 Instructor Contact Information Instructor: Nabil Gonzalez E-mail: [email protected] Office: Office Hours: Instructor Information Nabil Gonzalez is your instructor for this course. She holds an Associate of Arts degree from El Paso Community College, a double BFA degree in Graphic Design and Printmaking from the University of Texas at El Paso and an MFA degree in Printmaking from the Rhode Island School of Design. As a studio artist, Nabil’s work has been focused on social and political views affecting the borderland as well as the exploration of identity, repetition and erasure. Her work has been shown throughout the United State, Mexico, Colombia and China. Her artist books and prints are included in museum collections in the United States. Course Description Graphic Design 1: Computer Graphics is an introduction to graphics, illustration, and page layout software on Macintosh computers. Students scan, generate, import, process, and combine images and text in black and white and in color. Industry standard desktop publishing software and imaging programs are used. The essential applications taught in this course are: Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop and Adobe InDesign. Course Prerequisite Information Course prerequisites include ARTF 1301, ARTF 1302, and ARTF 1304 each with a grade of “C” or better. Students are required to have a foundational understanding of the elements of design, the principles of composition, style, and content. Additionally, students must have developed fundamental drawing skills. These skills and knowledge sets are provided through the Department of Art’s Foundational Courses. -
Stardust: Accessible and Transparent GPU Support for Information Visualization Rendering
Eurographics Conference on Visualization (EuroVis) 2017 Volume 36 (2017), Number 3 J. Heer, T. Ropinski and J. van Wijk (Guest Editors) Stardust: Accessible and Transparent GPU Support for Information Visualization Rendering Donghao Ren1, Bongshin Lee2, and Tobias Höllerer1 1University of California, Santa Barbara, United States 2Microsoft Research, Redmond, United States Abstract Web-based visualization libraries are in wide use, but performance bottlenecks occur when rendering, and especially animating, a large number of graphical marks. While GPU-based rendering can drastically improve performance, that paradigm has a steep learning curve, usually requiring expertise in the computer graphics pipeline and shader programming. In addition, the recent growth of virtual and augmented reality poses a challenge for supporting multiple display environments beyond regular canvases, such as a Head Mounted Display (HMD) and Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE). In this paper, we introduce a new web-based visualization library called Stardust, which provides a familiar API while leveraging GPU’s processing power. Stardust also enables developers to create both 2D and 3D visualizations for diverse display environments using a uniform API. To demonstrate Stardust’s expressiveness and portability, we present five example visualizations and a coding playground for four display environments. We also evaluate its performance by comparing it against the standard HTML5 Canvas, D3, and Vega. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): -
4.3 Discovering Fractal Geometry in CAAD
4.3 Discovering Fractal Geometry in CAAD Francisco Garcia, Angel Fernandez*, Javier Barrallo* Facultad de Informatica. Universidad de Deusto Bilbao. SPAIN E.T.S. de Arquitectura. Universidad del Pais Vasco. San Sebastian. SPAIN * Fractal geometry provides a powerful tool to explore the world of non-integer dimensions. Very short programs, easily comprehensible, can generate an extensive range of shapes and colors that can help us to understand the world we are living. This shapes are specially interesting in the simulation of plants, mountains, clouds and any kind of landscape, from deserts to rain-forests. The environment design, aleatory or conditioned, is one of the most important contributions of fractal geometry to CAAD. On a small scale, the design of fractal textures makes possible the simulation, in a very concise way, of wood, vegetation, water, minerals and a long list of materials very useful in photorealistic modeling. Introduction Fractal Geometry constitutes today one of the most fertile areas of investigation nowadays. Practically all the branches of scientific knowledge, like biology, mathematics, geology, chemistry, engineering, medicine, etc. have applied fractals to simulate and explain behaviors difficult to understand through traditional methods. Also in the world of computer aided design, fractal sets have shown up with strength, with numerous software applications using design tools based on fractal techniques. These techniques basically allow the effective and realistic reproduction of any kind of forms and textures that appear in nature: trees and plants, rocks and minerals, clouds, water, etc. For modern computer graphics, the access to these techniques, combined with ray tracing allow to create incredible landscapes and effects. -
Volume Rendering
Volume Rendering 1.1. Introduction Rapid advances in hardware have been transforming revolutionary approaches in computer graphics into reality. One typical example is the raster graphics that took place in the seventies, when hardware innovations enabled the transition from vector graphics to raster graphics. Another example which has a similar potential is currently shaping up in the field of volume graphics. This trend is rooted in the extensive research and development effort in scientific visualization in general and in volume visualization in particular. Visualization is the usage of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of data to amplify cognition. Scientific visualization is the visualization of physically based data. Volume visualization is a method of extracting meaningful information from volumetric datasets through the use of interactive graphics and imaging, and is concerned with the representation, manipulation, and rendering of volumetric datasets. Its objective is to provide mechanisms for peering inside volumetric datasets and to enhance the visual understanding. Traditional 3D graphics is based on surface representation. Most common form is polygon-based surfaces for which affordable special-purpose rendering hardware have been developed in the recent years. Volume graphics has the potential to greatly advance the field of 3D graphics by offering a comprehensive alternative to conventional surface representation methods. The object of this thesis is to examine the existing methods for volume visualization and to find a way of efficiently rendering scientific data with commercially available hardware, like PC’s, without requiring dedicated systems. 1.2. Volume Rendering Our display screens are composed of a two-dimensional array of pixels each representing a unit area. -
Animated Presentation of Static Infographics with Infomotion
Eurographics Conference on Visualization (EuroVis) 2021 Volume 40 (2021), Number 3 R. Borgo, G. E. Marai, and T. von Landesberger (Guest Editors) Animated Presentation of Static Infographics with InfoMotion Yun Wang1, Yi Gao1;2, Ray Huang1, Weiwei Cui1, Haidong Zhang1, and Dongmei Zhang1 1Microsoft Research Asia 2Nanjing University (a) 5% (b) time Element Animation effect Meats, sweets slice spin link wipe dot zoom 35% icon zoom 10% Whole grains, title zoom OliVer oil pasta, beans, description wipe whole grain bread Mediterranean Diet 20% 30% 30% Vegetables and fruits Fish, seafood, poultry, Vegetables and fruits dairy food, eggs Figure 1: (a) An example infographic design. (b) The animated presentations for this infographic show the start time, duration, and animation effects applied to the visual elements. InfoMotion automatically generates animated presentations of static infographics. Abstract By displaying visual elements logically in temporal order, animated infographics can help readers better understand layers of information expressed in an infographic. While many techniques and tools target the quick generation of static infographics, few support animation designs. We propose InfoMotion that automatically generates animated presentations of static infographics. We first conduct a survey to explore the design space of animated infographics. Based on this survey, InfoMotion extracts graphical properties of an infographic to analyze the underlying information structures; then, animation effects are applied to the visual elements in the infographic in temporal order to present the infographic. The generated animations can be used in data videos or presentations. We demonstrate the utility of InfoMotion with two example applications, including mixed-initiative animation authoring and animation recommendation. -
Information Graphics Design Challenges and Workflow Management Marco Giardina, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, Pablo Medi
Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies Volume: 3 – Issue: 1 – January - 2013 Information Graphics Design Challenges and Workflow Management Marco Giardina, University of Neuchâtel, Switzerland, Pablo Medina, Sensiel Research, Switzerland Abstract Infographics, though still in its infancy in the digital world, may offer an opportunity for media companies to enhance their business processes and value creation activities. This paper describes research about the influence of infographics production and dissemination on media companies’ workflow management. Drawing on infographics examples from New York Times print and online version, this contribution empirically explores the evolution from static to interactive multimedia infographics, the possibilities and design challenges of this journalistic emerging field and its impact on media companies’ activities in relation to technology changes and media-use patterns. Findings highlight some explorative ideas about the required workflow and journalism activities for a successful inception of infographics into online news dissemination practices of media companies. Conclusions suggest that delivering infographics represents a yet not fully tapped opportunity for media companies, but its successful inception on news production routines requires skilled professionals in audiovisual journalism and revised business models. Keywords: newspapers, visual communication, infographics, digital media technology © Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies 108 Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies Volume: 3 – Issue: 1 – January - 2013 During this time of unprecedented change in journalism, media practitioners and scholars find themselves mired in a new debate on the storytelling potential of data visualization narratives. News organization including the New York Times, Washington Post and The Guardian are at the fore of innovation and experimentation and regularly incorporate dynamic graphics into their journalism products (Segel, 2011). -
Efficiently Using Graphics Hardware in Volume Rendering Applications
Efficiently Using Graphics Hardware in Volume Rendering Applications Rudiger¨ Westermann, Thomas Ertl Computer Graphics Group Universitat¨ Erlangen-Nurnber¨ g, Germany Abstract In this paper we are dealing with the efficient generation of a visual representation of the information present in volumetric data OpenGL and its extensions provide access to advanced per-pixel sets. For scalar-valued volume data two standard techniques, the operations available in the rasterization stage and in the frame rendering of iso-surfaces, and the direct volume rendering, have buffer hardware of modern graphics workstations. With these been developed to a high degree of sophistication. However, due to mechanisms, completely new rendering algorithms can be designed the huge number of volume cells which have to be processed and and implemented in a very particular way. In this paper we extend to the variety of different cell types only a few approaches allow the idea of extensively using graphics hardware for the rendering of parameter modifications and navigation at interactive rates for real- volumetric data sets in various ways. First, we introduce the con- istically sized data sets. To overcome these limitations we provide cept of clipping geometries by means of stencil buffer operations, a basis for hardware accelerated interactive visualization of both and we exploit pixel textures for the mapping of volume data to iso-surfaces and direct volume rendering on arbitrary topologies. spherical domains. We show ways to use 3D textures for the ren- Direct volume rendering tries to convey a visual impression of dering of lighted and shaded iso-surfaces in real-time without ex- the complete 3D data set by taking into account the emission and tracting any polygonal representation. -
Content Aware Texture Compression
Content Aware Texture Compression Yu-Cheng Chiu Yu-Shuen Wang Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University National Chiao Tung University HsinChu, Taiwan HsinChu Taiwan [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Efficient and high quality texture compression is order to save memory and bandwidth consumption of texture important because computational powers are always limited, access. To implement this idea, we partition each texture especially for embedded systems such as mobile phones. To chart using a triangular mesh and warp the mesh to relocate access random texels instantly, down sampling and S3TC are the most commonly used methods due to the fixed compres- texels. Specifically, an importance value of each triangle sion ratio at every local region. However, the methods are is first computed by averaging the gradient magnitudes content oblivious, which uniformly discard texel information. of interior texels. Each triangle is then prevented from Therefore, we present content aware warp to reduce a texture squeezing according to its importance value when the texture resolution, where homogeneous regions are squeezed more to resolution is reduced. Since regions with high gradient texels retain more structural information. We then relocate texture coordinates of the 3D model as the way of relocating texels, such are less squeezed, more samples will be stored in the reduced that rendering the model with our compressed texture requires texture and more details will be retained. In contrast, texels no additional decompression cost. Our texture compression in homogeneous regions are discarded to reduce memory technique can cooperate with existing methods such as S3TC consumption. -
Inviwo — a Visualization System with Usage Abstraction Levels
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS, VOL X, NO. Y, MAY 2019 1 Inviwo — A Visualization System with Usage Abstraction Levels Daniel Jonsson,¨ Peter Steneteg, Erik Sunden,´ Rickard Englund, Sathish Kottravel, Martin Falk, Member, IEEE, Anders Ynnerman, Ingrid Hotz, and Timo Ropinski Member, IEEE, Abstract—The complexity of today’s visualization applications demands specific visualization systems tailored for the development of these applications. Frequently, such systems utilize levels of abstraction to improve the application development process, for instance by providing a data flow network editor. Unfortunately, these abstractions result in several issues, which need to be circumvented through an abstraction-centered system design. Often, a high level of abstraction hides low level details, which makes it difficult to directly access the underlying computing platform, which would be important to achieve an optimal performance. Therefore, we propose a layer structure developed for modern and sustainable visualization systems allowing developers to interact with all contained abstraction levels. We refer to this interaction capabilities as usage abstraction levels, since we target application developers with various levels of experience. We formulate the requirements for such a system, derive the desired architecture, and present how the concepts have been exemplary realized within the Inviwo visualization system. Furthermore, we address several specific challenges that arise during the realization of such a layered architecture, such as communication between different computing platforms, performance centered encapsulation, as well as layer-independent development by supporting cross layer documentation and debugging capabilities. Index Terms—Visualization systems, data visualization, visual analytics, data analysis, computer graphics, image processing. F 1 INTRODUCTION The field of visualization is maturing, and a shift can be employing different layers of abstraction. -
An Online System for Classifying Computer Graphics Images from Natural Photographs
An Online System for Classifying Computer Graphics Images from Natural Photographs Tian-Tsong Ng and Shih-Fu Chang fttng,[email protected] Department of Electrical Engineering Columbia University New York, USA ABSTRACT We describe an online system for classifying computer generated images and camera-captured photographic images, as part of our effort in building a complete passive-blind system for image tampering detection (project website at http: //www.ee.columbia.edu/trustfoto). Users are able to submit any image from a local or an online source to the system and get classification results with confidence scores. Our system has implemented three different algorithms from the state of the art based on the geometry, the wavelet, and the cartoon features. We describe the important algorithmic issues involved for achieving satisfactory performances in both speed and accuracy as well as the capability to handle diverse types of input images. We studied the effects of image size reduction on classification accuracy and speed, and found different size reduction methods worked best for different classification methods. In addition, we incorporated machine learning techniques, such as fusion and subclass-based bagging, in order to counter the effect of performance degradation caused by image size reduction. With all these improvements, we are able to speed up the classification speed by more than two times while keeping the classification accuracy almost intact at about 82%. Keywords: Computer graphics, photograph, classification, online system, geometry features, classifier fusion 1. INTRODUCTION The level of photorealism capable by today’s computer graphics makes distinguishing photographic and computer graphic images difficult. -
A Survey of Algorithms for Volume Visualization
A Survey of Algorithms for Volume Visualization T. Todd Elvins Advanced Scientific Visualization Laboratory San Diego Supercomputer Center "... in 10 years, all rendering will be volume rendering." Jim Kajiya at SIGGRAPH '91 Many computer graphics programmers are working in the area is given in [Fren89]. Advanced topics in medical volume of scientific visualization. One of the most interesting and fast- visualization are covered in [Hohn90][Levo90c]. growing areas in scientific visualization is volume visualization. Volume visualization systems are used to create high-quality Furthering scientific insight images from scalar and vector datasets defined on multi- dimensional grids, usually for the purpose of gaining insight into a This section introduces the reader to the field of volume scientific problem. Most volume visualization techniques are visualization as a subfield of scientific visualization and discusses based on one of about five foundation algorithms. These many of the current research areas in both. algorithms, and the background necessary to understand them, are described here. Pointers to more detailed descriptions, further Challenges in scientific visualization reading, and advanced techniques are also given. Scientific visualization uses computer graphics techniques to help give scientists insight into their data [McCo87] [Brod91]. Introduction Insight is usually achieved by extracting scientifically meaningful information from numerical descriptions of complex phenomena The following is an introduction to the fast-growing field of through the use of interactive imaging systems. Scientists need volume visualization for the computer graphics programmer. these systems not only for their own insight, but also to share their Many computer graphics techniques are used in volume results with their colleagues, the institutions that support the visualization. -
Statistically Quantitative Volume Visualization
Statistically Quantitative Volume Visualization Joe M. Kniss∗ Robert Van Uitert† Abraham Stephens‡ Guo-Shi Li§ Tolga Tasdizen University of Utah National Institutes of Health University of Utah University of Utah University of Utah Charles Hansen¶ University of Utah Abstract Visualization users are increasingly in need of techniques for assessing quantitative uncertainty and error in the im- ages produced. Statistical segmentation algorithms compute these quantitative results, yet volume rendering tools typi- cally produce only qualitative imagery via transfer function- based classification. This paper presents a visualization technique that allows users to interactively explore the un- certainty, risk, and probabilistic decision of surface bound- aries. Our approach makes it possible to directly visual- A) Transfer Function-based Classification B) Unsupervised Probabilistic Classification ize the combined ”fuzzy” classification results from multi- ple segmentations by combining these data into a unified Figure 1: A comparison of transfer function-based classification ver- probabilistic data space. We represent this unified space, sus data-specific probabilistic classification. Both images are based the combination of scalar volumes from numerous segmen- on T1 MRI scans of a human head and show fuzzy classified white- tations, using a novel graph-based dimensionality reduction matter, gray-matter, and cerebro-spinal fluid. Subfigure A shows the scheme. The scheme both dramatically reduces the dataset results of classification using a carefully designed 2D transfer func- size and is suitable for efficient, high quality, quantitative tion based on data value and gradient magnitude. Subfigure B shows visualization. Lastly, we show that the statistical risk aris- a visualization of the data classified using a fully automatic, atlas- ing from overlapping segmentations is a robust measure for based method that infers class statistics using minimum entropy, visualizing features and assigning optical properties.