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AT A GLANCE Infographic

AND THE PRIZE GOES TO… EUROPEAN FEMALE FILMMAKERS

DEEPROOTED STEREOTYPES To help guarantee that stories and perspectives portrayed on that women are over-represented in professions traditionally the cinema screen are not as two-dimensional and more true to considered feminine – such as costume design and editing – Even though the past 50 years have seen a signi cant advance life requires a shift in the gender balance within the European and under-represented in others viewed as more technical, such in women’s living conditions and status in society as a whole, lm industry. With more women in key positions, conditions for as those dealing with sound, music and image. Interestingly, their depiction on screen has continued to re ect patriarchal women in the industry will improve as a whole and perceptions while lm projects having a woman as director received 29 % stereotypes. Accordingly, female characters are in general of women’s roles will likely evolve as well. However, given that of the overall support granted in the 2013-2014 period, their younger than their male counterparts and more likely to be women account for just under 20 % of European lm directors, average budget was still 40 % lower than the budget of projects reduced to the less pivotal role of wife, mother or girlfriend. gender equality still seems a long way o . having a man as director. However, low funding perpetuates the scarcity of female-directed lms in circulation, a ecting in turn AVERAGE PERCENTAGE JOB SEGREGATION AND PAY GAP IN the markets’ willingness to invest in them and thus creating a OF DIRECTED BY WOMEN vicious circle. IN EUROPE Data from Eurimages – the cultural support fund of the Council FROM 2012 TO 2016 of Europe – demonstrate a clear under-representation of As in other parts of the world, in 2015 female lm directors women in the main lm production roles. Worryingly, data also were paid 23 % less than their male counterparts, which 19.6 %* con rm that the various positions in the lm industry seem to WEIGHTED was nevertheless an improvement compared to the AVERAGE be associated with one of the two genders. Thus, it appears 2013-2014 period, when the pay gap stood at 34 %. *The weighted average is calculated on the basis of the number of lms Positions held by women in  ction  lm projects receiving Eurimages funding, 2014-2015 produced in each country, including , , , and 100 % . 84 80 %

60 % 43 42 40 40 40 39 % 31 30 24 20 % 10 8 4 0 % 1 r r Legend (in %) ole tor tor or xer Editor Mi 0913.9 18 23 30 No data Non-EU countries Writer Direct ting ac ead ac Producer Composer Minor r L Script Chief Decorato Camera/Image Sound enginee Source: Le Lab 'Femmes de cinema', Costume Designer Suppor Emergence of a new generation of female lm directors, 2017. Source: Eurimages, Strategy 2016-2017 for gender equality in the European lm industry, 2017.

EPRS | European Parliamentary Research Service Author: Ivana Katsarova; Graphics: Samy Chahri Members’ Research Service PE 635.527 – March 2019 EPRS And the prize goes to… European female filmmakers

Share of female lm directors at cinema schools and in the lm In the 12 editions since its creation in 2007, the has industry been awarded to ve women, thus getting closer to equality LUX PRIZE WINNERS' SUCCESS STORIES without compromising on quality. Many of the other rewarded 44 % 56 % lms, such as ‘’ or ‘Ida’, tell the stories of strong Woman at war (2018) Benedikt Erlingsson (, , women and inspiring role models. 24 % 76 % ) Lux Prize 2018 Gender share of overall festival participation and awards (2017) Amanda Kernell (, Norway, ) Lux Prize 2017 and nine other international lm awards 51 % Source: European Women’s Audiovisual Network, 45 % Where are the women directors in European lms?, 2015. (2016) (, ) Lux Prize 2016 and 30 other international lm awards; nominated 83 % Finally, even though there are almost as many women (44 %) as 73 % men (56 %) graduating from lm schools, the overall proportion for the Palme d'Or 2016, Golden Globes 2017 and Oscars 2017 of female directors working in the industry is only 24 %. Mustang (2015), Deniz Gamze Ergüven (France, Germany, Turkey) SUPPORT TO FEMALE FILM Lux Prize 2015 and 20 other international lm awards; nominated DIRECTORS for Oscars and Golden Globes 2016 Festival participation Award

Turning political discourse Ida (2013) Pawel Pawlikowski (, Denmark) Source: European Women’s Audiovisual Network, into action, the Parliament Lux Prize 2014, Oscar for Best Foreign Language Film 2015, and 62 Where are the women directors in European lms?, 2015. has been steadily supporting other international lm awards the dissemination of film In spite of this, lms directed by women are signi cantly under- productions directed by represented at A-list festivals. In the 89-year history of the Oscars, THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT Io sono Li (2012), Andrea Segre (, France) IS COMMITTED TO CULTURE women or portraying Lux Prize 2012 and two other international lm awards only one woman – Kathryn Bigelow – has been awarded the strong and inspiring female lm-directing prize (2009). The track record of the 71-year-old 42 % 58 % characters through its LUX (2010), Feo Aladag (Germany) looks no better: only one female director – Film Prize. Over the past 11 Lux Prize 2010, Best Film at the 2010 Tribeca Film Festival Jane Campion – has won the Palme d’Or (1993). The and years, the prize has helped the lm festivals exhibit slightly better statistics. From Source: European Parliament, 2018. promote more than 100 1980 to 2018, they each honoured four female directors. lms.

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