FISCAL YEAR 2018 the New York Academy of Sciences Steps Boldly Into Its Third Century

ANNUAL REPORT: FISCAL YEAR 2018 The New York Academy of Sciences Steps Boldly into its Third Century

Every scientist of note knows the importance of taking risks, pursuing paths shunned or abandoned by others, and failing over and over again in order to at last succeed.

Throughout its history the New York Academy of Sciences has • In 2018 we kicked off our first-ever Change Fashion Forum, championed risk takers and innovators: game-changers who engaging leaders from industry, academia, and non-profit upend the research landscape and blaze new trails. Because we organizations to develop a prioritized research agenda for know that breakthroughs occur more frequently when brilliant sustainable fashion. While this may seem like a departure people spark the creativity of other brilliant people. for the Academy, it is, in fact, spot on. Textiles make up Nowhere has the Academy’s ability to connect innovators approximately 40 percent of our landfills — waste that could been more impactful than through our commitment to the be significantly reduced by rethinking the way garments are United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The designed, manufactured, used and recycled. SDGs were born out of an initiative led by former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan and macroeconomist Jeffrey Sachs, who In short, this year the Academy renewed its commitment to hatched the risky notion that seemingly intractable problems collective action in science and technology, and the SDGs could be meaningfully ameliorated through concerted global provide an invaluable framework for these efforts. effort, active partnership between developed and developing And with an eye on future innovators, we’ve continued to nations, and the scaling of available but underutilized science expand our Global STEM Alliance, an unparalleled network of and technology applications. more than 250 organizations dedicated to growing the number The resulting Millennium Goals were regarded as hopelessly and diversity of talented young people entering the STEM idealistic — until the astonishing results were borne out in proof- pipeline. We’ve also stayed true to our tradition of training of-concept sites around the world. Decreases in poverty, child early career scientists and engineers through the Science mortality, and loss of life from preventable illnesses. Alliance program, offering 2018 courses and workshops on A reduction in the prevalence of malaria, and the near eradication leadership, communication skills, career-building, and the of some water-borne diseases. Increased rates of literacy and business of science. The thousands of motivated teenagers, primary education enrollment. A dramatic upsurge in food undergraduates, and graduate students joining the Academy production. The list goes on. through these programs represent our own proof of concept. MILLION I relate this history because the success of the Millennium They are already collaborating online to tackle SDG-based Goals, and the subsequent launch of the SDGs in 2016, inspired the challenges, and are using these experiences to change their own 20,000+ PEOPLE REACHED BY THE communities in more than 100 countries around the world. Who Academy to add a new and truly exciting dimension to our mission. ACTIVE ACADEMY MEMBERS ACROSS THE GLOBE ACADEMY’S PROGRAMMING knows where they will go next? No one can say what risks it will AND PUBLISHING EACH YEAR HOW SO? take to make the great discoveries that will transform our world in PARTNERS IN THE GLOBAL the next 100 years. But one thing is certain: New York Academy STEM ALLIANCE of Sciences Members will be at the forefront of these discoveries, 250+ 2 • Our work to catalyze public/private partnerships in support of and the Academy will be proud to have supported them. the Goals led to the launch of a series of SDG-based science and technology challenges, supported by many of the world’s Fortune 500 corporations. Such challenges have generated hundreds of 10,000+ 1.5+ MILLION innovative ideas that show great promise for further development. MEMBERS OF THE ACADEMY ARE YOUNG, PROMISING • Our partnership with the Japan Agency for Medical Research and DOWNLOADS OF ELLIS RUBINSTEIN SCIENTISTS. THEY ARE STUDENTS, TEACHERS, AND Development is promoting collaboration among the world’s most POSTDOCTORAL FELLOWS ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES promising young researchers, encouraging them to address grand President and CEO challenges through innovative approaches that would not be The New York Academy of Sciences attempted if left to individual researchers operating within their OF HIGH- own silos. 500,000 QUALITY STEM INSTRUCTION 100+ • Support from prestigious medical research institutions and DELIVERED TO 50,000+ innovative bio-pharma companies has enabled us to convene HOURS STUDENTS IN SCIENTIFIC SOCIAL MEDIA FOLLOWERS leading researchers searching for cures to such devastating 100+ COUNTRIES diseases as pediatric cancers, Alzheimer’s, HIV, malnutrition and EVENTS ANNUALLY Sickle Cell.

2 3 In 2018 We Imagined Our Third Century! Academy Conference Participants

SECTOR GENDER 1 2 3 1 52% ACADEMIA 2 6 14% OTHER 50 12 4 13% INDUSTRY 13 12% HEALTHCARE 52 6% NOT-FOR-PROFIT 14 2% GOVERNMENT 50 5 6 1% PRESS

AGE PARTICIPATION IMPACT

GAINED NEW 21 AND UNDER 1% 89% KNOWLEDGE 22–30 15% IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, OR 31–40 22% MATH (STEM)

41–50 16% HAD A 51–64 24% 63% VALUABLE DISCUSSION WITH AT 65+ 22% LEAST ONE NEW CONTACT

UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITIES (URMS) 1. Our 14th Annual Gala on November generated in New York’s science and Astrobiology in the John W. Kluge Center 6, 2017 marked the completion of our tech industry into jobs and economic at the Library of Congress, joined a panel bicentennial year. With 400 supporters development in NYC. discussion to tackle the big question of and Members of the World’s Smartest existence. 3. Dr. George Church visited the Academy 30% HISPANIC Network®, we imagined what the next on May 21, 2018 to take part in a panel 5. During an evening discussion on June 28, 100 years would look like with a keynote discussion titled, “The Enhanced Human: 2018, Ira Flatow, host of Science Friday, 11% AFRICAN AMERICAN address from former NASA astronaut Dr. Risks and Opportunities” that explored the moderated a panel of experts to discuss the Mae C. Jemison, the first woman of color to opportunities and concerns that come with social, cultural, behavioral, and economic 12% 0% NATIVE AMERICANS / ALASKAN NATIVES travel to space. the potential to redesign ourselves. roots of science denialism and how to best 2. On September 28, 2017 during the 199th make the case for science. 4. In the final installment of the Nour Lecture UNDERREPRESENTED 2.5% US PACIFIC ISLANDERS Annual Meeting of the New York Academy series on February 7, 2018, Lucianne 6. Guests and Young Members attending the of Sciences, James Patchett, President MINORITIES* Walkowicz, PhD an astronomer at the 2017 Gala imagine what discoveries and 1.5% HAWAIIAN NATIVES and CEO of New York City Economic Adler Planetarium and Baruch S. Blumberg scientific advancements might be made in Development Corporation, spoke about *3.8% NATIONAL AVG. OF NASA/Library of Congress Chair in the next 100 years. how to best translate the breakthroughs URMS IN ACADEMIA 55% OTHER Data as of August 2018

4 5 In partnership with The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the Academy also convened the event, Long-Acting HIV Prevention Methods, bringing scientists, Convening For Impact policy makers, and community leaders together to address enduring economic, social, and cultural barriers to current HIV prevention strategies as well as long-acting therapies that present a promising path forward towards ending the HIV epidemic. Discussions centered on addressing key challenges, such as Our 2017-2018 conference season reflected yet another drug affordability and stability in Africa, where nearly half of all HIV infections year of robust participation, with more than 10,700 global exist and access to healthcare systems is limited. Promising new interventions with reduced manufacturing costs and improved heat resistance were reported, investigators, from 62 countries, convening virtually and in while the need for an effective HIV vaccine that could not only curb the virus at person at 108 meetings. Groundbreaking new discoveries childbirth but also decrease the need for long-term treatment, was identified as a across topics as diverse as brain repair, cancer immunotherapy, high research priority. Another highlight was the evening panel, The Enhanced Human: Risks and machine learning, sustainable development, cosmology, and Opportunities. Scientists, ethicists, futurists, and technologists gathered for a dialog astrophysics served to accelerate scientific discovery, and we centered on ethical and social questions arising from the use of technologies, such continued to explore the challenges women face when pursuing as CRISPR-based gene editing and brain-computer interfaces, to permanently overcome limitations of the human body and mind. “All the technology we will careers in STEM. need to fundamentally transform our species already exists. Humans are made of code, and that code is writable, readable and hackable,” said speaker Jamie Metzl, Building on the work performed in the inaugural Summit, the Academy convened a technology futurist, geopolitical expert, and Senior Fellow of the Atlantic Council, the Second Annual Summit on Science Enablement for the Sustainable Development an international affairs think tank. Goals. During this two-day event, thought leaders from academia, industry, NGOs, and research and policy-making institutions joined UN executives, including UN Assistant Secretary-General Thomas Gass, to identify a science and technology– based action plan, provide technical roadmaps, and define metrics for success to achieve the delivery of the UN’s 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development. Expert recommendations on implementation research and practice promoting early childhood development were featured in a special issue of Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

UN Assistant Secretary- General Thomas Gass delivered a call to action for scientists to connect science to policy, and stressed that “Finding a medium to communicate is what the integration of science and policy is about.”

LEFT: UN Assistant Secretary-General RIGHT: Select panelists, The Enhanced Human: (Left to Thomas Gass. right) Josephine Johnston (The Hastings Center), Meredith Whittaker (AI Institute at NYU), and Glenda Greenwald (Aspen Brain Institute).

6 7 LANDMARK CONFERENCE

In a collaboration with The Sohn Conference Foundation, Accelerating Trans- Supporting Research in lation of Pediatric Cancer Research convened leading researchers, clinicians, pediatric cancer advocates, and industry and government stakeholders from the Service of Humanity around the globe in London to share cutting-edge research and discuss strategies to help close the gap between research discoveries and treatments for childhood cancers. Richard Gilbertson (University of Cambridge) and THE SACKLER INSTITUTE FOR NUTRITION SCIENCE Mignon Lee-Cheun Loh (University of California, San Francisco) delivered keynote addresses on the need for cross-disciplinary collaborations and the The Sackler Institute for Nutrition Science hosted several meetings in 2018 on use of personalized medicine to devise early detection methods and effective nutrition topics in line with its strategic orientation, beginning with an initiative therapies for pediatric and adolescent cancer patients. to extend WHO’s recommendation on the use of multiple micronutrient sup- plements during pregnancy. This effort entailed the convening of two closed- door technical consultations to build consensus among experts and to propose a framework for policy action. The Sackler Institute also created the Nutrition Modeling Consortium, to help decision makers in low and middle-income countries improve the effectiveness and efficiency of their nutrition policies and programs through the use of mathematical modeling and optimization tools. The Institute’s Nutrition and Aging Working Group co-organized, with DSM and others, a public symposium on “Hidden Hunger in the Aging,” in Washington, D.C. and released a White Paper on this topic. A series of meetings was also prepared to look into the development of antimicrobial resistance due to the use of antibiotics in animal food production. Activities related to this initiative began this year with a preliminary expert meeting that will lead a public scientific symposium at the New York Academy of Sciences.

This year, the Sackler Institute Research Grants focused on nutrition in adolescent girls and young women. Six grants were awarded to investigate, in various locations around the world, whether adolescent women’s occupational status (at school, at home, at work) affect their nutrition. Another major research effort initiated this year is aimed at filling knowledge gaps associated with thiamine deficiency.

POLICY GROUP

The Academy continues to serve in an advisory capacity for two clean energy proof-of-concept centers (POCCs) funded by the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA), with the goal of helping ABOVE: Elsevier report Gender in the inventors and scientists turn clean technology ideas into successful companies. Global Research Landscape. The Academy also created a metrics and evaluation framework to demonstrate the impact of the POCCs over time.

9 “Through efforts to support INNOVATORS IN SCIENCE AWARD SYMPOSIUM Innovators in novel research in higher Thought leaders from academia and industry came together for a day of Science Award education, we strengthen discussion and collaboration that featured the Award Honorees’ accomplishments hope and fuel the in neuroscience and highlighted the work of distinguished speakers. Rudolph Tanzi and Don Cleveland illuminated the audience through a panel discussion possibility that together we on treatments for neurodegenerative disease, and Paola Arlotta and Daniel will discover and develop Geschwind delivered lectures evaluating the therapeutic landscape for In 2017 the Innovators in Science Award inaugural next-generation treatments neuropsychiatric disorders. Nobel Laureate and world-renowned neuroscientist Honorees were announced. This global Award, sponsored Eric Kandel concluded with a keynote lecture entitled “The Biology of Memory and for patients with unmet Age-Related Memory Loss. by Takeda Pharmaceuticals, recognizes a promising Early- ” needs everywhere.” Career Scientist and an outstanding Senior Scientist for In its second year, the Innovators in Science Award will recognize research excellence in the therapeutic area of Regenerative Medicine. Stay tuned for Award their contributions to science in the areas of Neuroscience, -Christophe Weber, Winner announcements in January 2019 and another transformative scientific Gastroenterology, Regenerative Medicine, and Oncology. President and CEO, Takeda symposium that will take place in April 2019 at Shonan iPark in Japan. In this first year, 400 institutions were invited to nominate their most promising and extraordinary scientists in the field of Neuroscience. An international Award Jury selected the Award Winners and Finalists from a pool of candidates nominated from five continents and over 20 countries.

THE 2017 HONOREES AND INAUGURAL AWARD CEREMONY BELOW RIGHT: Traditional Japanese Senior Scientist Senior Scientist Early-Career Early-Career The Academy, in partnership with Takeda, was delighted to host an Award musicians provided the evening’s Finalist: Finalist: Scientist Finalist: Scientist Finalist: Ceremony recognizing the Honorees for the creativity and impact of their research. entertainment and were a tribute to Ben Barres, David Julius, Michael Halassa, Kay Tye, Scientific leadership from Takeda and luminaries from around the world welcomed Takeda’s origins. Stanford University UC San Francisco Massachusetts Massachusetts Institute School of Medicine Institute of Technology of Technology the Honorees to the Academy’s headquarters in New York City on November (1954-2017) (nominated while at 28, 2017. Andrew Plump and Emiliangelo Ratti of Takeda presented each Winner New York University) with a prize of US $200,000 to support their commitment to innovative research. Esteemed guests enjoyed a ceremony painted by Japanese tradition, highlighting Takeda’s global presence and history.

BELOW: Eric Kandel, Nobel Laureate and “As we embrace innovative President’s Council Member at the Academy (Left), science and agile thinking and Andrew Plump, Chief Medical & Scientific Officer at Takeda (Right). within our organization at Takeda, we welcome and ABOVE: Senior Scientist Winner: Shigetada Nakanishi, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences honor those who motivate (Left) and Early-Career Scientist Winner: us in this challenge no Viviana Gradinaru, California Institute of Technology (Right). matter where in the world they call home.”

–Andrew Plump, Chief Medical and Scientific Officer, Takeda

10 11 THE BLAVATNIK NATIONAL AWARDS CEREMONY

Blavatnik Awards for The 2017 Blavatnik National Awards Ceremony was held on September 24, 2017 at the American Museum of Natural History, where more than 200 Young Scientists guests from academia, business, and media honored 27 National Finalists and three National Laureates — Melanie S. Sanford (University of Michigan), Feng Zhang (Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard), and Yi Cui (Stanford University). The Laureates were each presented with medals and US$250,000 The Blavatnik Awards for Young Scientists continued to in unrestricted funds. grow with the successful expansion of the Awards to Israel The 2018 Blavatnik National Awards received 286 nominations from 146 and the United Kingdom. Since the Award’s inception in of the top academic and research institutions across the United States. The 31 Finalists were announced on May 30, 2018, and the three 2018 National 2007, over 2,900 scientists have been nominated from over Laureates — Neil K. Deveraj (University of California, San Diego), Janelle Ayres 280 institutions. By the close of 2018, the Blavatnik Awards (Salk Institute for Biological Studies) and Sergei V. Kalinin (Oak Ridge National Laboratory) — were announced on June 27, 2018. for Young Scientists will have awarded $6.7 million to 249 OPPOSITE: Laureates Andrew Goodwin (Top) of honorees in the US, Israel, and the UK. the University of Oxford, and Anat Levin (Bottom) of the Technion - Israel Institute of Technology.

THE BLAVATNIK AWARDS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM ABOVE: 2017 Blavatnik National Laureate Melanie Sanford.

The inaugural Blavatnik Awards in the United Kingdom invited the 135 RIGHT: 2017 Blavatnik National Awards academic and research institutions across England, Scotland, Wales, and ceremony at the American Museum of Natural History. Northern Ireland, along with the Awards’ UK Scientific Advisory Council, to nominate their most promising young scientists. From among the 124 BELOW LEFT: 2018 Blavatnik Awards in the nominations received, the Jury named three Laureates who each received United Kingdom Honorees. (Back from left to right) US$100,000 in unrestricted funds: Andrew Goodwin (University of Oxford), M. Madan Babu, Timothy Behrens, M. Madan Babu (MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology), and Henry Snaith Robert Hilton, Henry Snaith, Andrew Levan, Andrew Goodwin. (University of Oxford). Two nominees in each award category of Life Sciences, (Front from left to right) John Briggs, Physical Sciences and Engineering, and Chemistry were named Blavatnik Claudia de Rham, Philipp Kukura. Finalists, receiving US$30,000 each in unrestricted funds. This first cohort of UK honorees was celebrated at the inaugural Blavatnik Awards UK Ceremony BELOW RIGHT: Israel’s President Reuven Rivlin held at London’s Victoria and Albert Museum on March 7, 2018 with 200 (Front center) and the First Lady of Israel (Front from left) host a reception for Nili Cohen guests in attendance and a Keynote address by Nobel Laureate and President (Front from right), President of the Israel of the Royal Society, Sir Venkatraman Ramakrishnan. Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and the inaugural Blavatnik Awards in Israel Laureates. (Back row from left to right) Ellis Rubinstein THE BLAVATNIK AWARDS IN ISRAEL of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2018 Blavatnik Laureates in Israel Charles Diesendruck and Anat Levin, accompanied by In Israel, the New York Academy of Sciences collaborates with the Israel Awards’ Founder Len Blavatnik, and Academy of Sciences and Humanities to administer the Blavatnik Awards in Laureate Oded Rechavi. Israel, which in this their inaugural year received 47 nominations from eight universities and from the Awards’ Scientific Advisory Council. A distinguished national Jury selected the three Laureates — Charles Diesendruck (Technion – Israel Institute of Technology), Oded Rechavi (Tel Aviv University), and Anat Levin (Technion - Israel Institute of Technology). To commemorate the launch of the Awards, Israel’s President Reuven Rivlin and the First Lady of Israel hosted a reception for the inaugural Laureates at the President’s Residence in Jerusalem on February 4, 2018. Later that evening, the inaugural ceremony for the Blavatnik Awards in Israel was held at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem with over 150 guests in attendance, including prominent leaders from Israel’s academic, business, and philanthropic communities. The Laureates were each presented with medals and US$100,000 in unrestricted funds.

12 THE BLAVATNIK REGIONAL AWARDS

The 2017 Blavatnik Regional Awards received 161 postdoctoral nominations Intersteller Initiative from 28 academic and research institutions across New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. Three winners and six finalists were honored and presented with medals and a total of US$150,000 in unrestricted funds during the Academy’s Annual Gala on November 6, 2017. The Interstellar Initiative, a program developed by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) and the New York Academy of Sciences, aims to increase international and interdisciplinary collaboration between scientists early in their careers. The initiative brings together Early Career Investigators (ECIs) from around the world, selected via a competitive application process, and teams them THE BLAVATNIK SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM with their peers in related but distinct disciplines. With the guidance of leading senior researchers, each team develops a grant proposal centered on a novel scientific The Academy hosted the fourth annual Blavatnik Science Symposium research question — the different perspectives of their teammates allow them to on July 17 and 18, 2017. More than 80 members of the Blavatnik Science think creatively, with the ultimate goal that through such teamwork we catalyze sci- Scholars community were joined by other scientific luminaries and leaders entific advancement. The program launched its first round in 2017, and the second from industry, including Harvard Business School’s Blavatnik Fellows in Life Aligning Young Stars round began in 2018. The primary disciplines for the 2018-19 Interstellar Initiative Sciences Entrepreneurship and Harvard University’s Blavatnik Biomedical are cancer and neuroscience, with an additional focus on artificial intelligence and Accelerator. Harvard Business School Professor and former business execu- of Science to Tackle the its application to medicine. tive Vicki Sato delivered the Keynote address on the importance of building trust between business and science in order to drive society’s scientific World’s Most Critical High caliber mentors were recruited for both the 2017 and the 2018-19 Interstellar progress through economic growth. Medical Challenges. Initiatives, and all were highly engaged and enthusiastic about the program. All mentors and accepted ECIs were invited to participate in two workshops in each series that convene at the Academy, where they meet within groups and develop collaborative research proposals. In 2018, the number of applications we received for ECI placements almost doubled from the 2017 workshops — we received applications from 20 countries around the world, and 30 ECIs were ultimately accepted into the 2018-2019 program from Canada, Germany, Japan, Singapore, United Kingdom, and the United States. The first workshop in the 2018-2019 series was held in June 2018. It commenced with a keynote lecture from Yann LeCun, PhD, Chief AI Scientist at Facebook and Founding Director of the NYU Center for Data Science, on Power and Limits of AI Applications in Science and Society. The teams were then tasked with jointly formulating a research concept under the guidance of their mentors. At the end of the workshop, teams presented their ideas for additional feedback. The workshop also featured a presentation from representatives for the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP), an international granting organization ABOVE: 2017 Blavatnik Regional Award Winner that seeks to fund cutting edge cross-disciplinary research, an excellent program for Chao Lu. the teams to consider for longer-term funding.

BELOW LEFT: Academy CSO Brooke Modest funding is provided to each team to continue their collaborations between Grindlinger, with the 2017 Blavatnik Regional the workshops, and they will submit progress reports for mentor review leading to Award Winners (From left to right), Chao Lu, the follow up workshop to be held in the beginning of 2019. At this next workshop, Andrew Ilott, June Huh) and Peter Thorén of the Blavatnik Family Foundation. the teams will further refine their proposals, continue to receive direction from mentors, and present updates. Top teams receive a non-monetary award at each BELOW RIGHT: 2016 and 2017 Blavatnik workshop. Following the second workshop, the teams are strongly encouraged to National Finalist Pardis Sabeti speaks about her submit their proposals for funding. research on fighting Zika and Ebola at the 2017 Blavatnik Science Symposium. The goal of the Interstellar Initiative is to accelerate the globalization of research and to help plant new seeds for medical innovation by nurturing promising young scientists. Feedback from our partners (AMED), the mentors, and the ECIs, was that the workshops are a truly beneficial experience for all. More than half of the teams from the 2017 round have already submitted their research proposals for funding and are awaiting feedback from the agencies they applied to, as of the last update survey. In addition, ECI feedback in the post-event surveys was highly positive, and many were enthusiastic about the new connections and partnerships they were able to forge — across geographies and disciplines — that they would not have made otherwise.

14 15 NOTABLE ACHIEVEMENTS INCLUDE:

Broadening the • With generous support from United Technologies Corporation, we launched STEM U, a multi-year initiative designed to extend many of the GSA’s most STEM Pipeline impactful elements — mentoring, skill building, and challenge-based learning — to hundreds of thousands of students and educators around the globe.

• The 1000 Girls, 1000 Futures program welcomed a third cohort of participants — including its 1,000th girl — to benefit from this transformative The Global STEM Alliance (GSA) is a worldwide talent program designed to keep young women engaged in STEM. identification and cultivation network made up of more • After receiving a record 5,000 applications, 500 of the world’s most excep- than 250 partners and reaching participants in over 100 tional teens were selected to join the third cohort of the Junior Academy, an countries. Designed to inspire and prepare the next generation elite community of students and STEM professionals dedicated to solving of innovators, GSA programs focus on mentorship from global challenges. professional scientists and engineers, skills development, • Using Launchpad, the Academy’s proprietary collaboration platform, we ran four innovation challenges for Junior Academy students, as well as our first TM and the application of skills to real-world challenges. The open innovation challenge, sponsored by PepsiCo, to design healthier snacks. GSA is committed to building a global network of more than • Our in-person mentoring programs — the Afterschool STEM Mentoring 1,000,000 students in 100 countries by 2030. Program and Scientist-in-Residence — expanded across the tri-state area to Syracuse and Utica, NY, Fairfield County, CT, Jersey City and Newark, NJ, In 2017, we reached nearly 18,000 students, scientists-in-training, educators, in addition to our flagship partnership with the New York City Department of and STEM professionals around the globe, providing more than 500,000 Youth and Community Development and the Department of Education. hours of innovative STEM programming. • Science Alliance continued to broaden its reach to long-distance partner universities through virtual networking and webinar offerings.

• In the summer of 2017, we hosted the second annual Global STEM Alliance Summit, with more than 100 STEM-motivated students from 20 countries convening at the Academy’s headquarters to engage in skill-building workshops and network with corporate leaders. They join the ranks of the World’s Smartest Network by becoming the next generation of Academy Members.

• Following the launch of our STEM Certification Program at the end of 2016, the GSA certified learning materials from Discovery Education, Robomatter, and our own Junior Academy. Certification indicates that these materials align to the GSA STEM Education Framework — a research-based set of best practices — as determined by a team of independent evaluators.

17 Publications Financial Statement

ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OPERATING SUPPORT AND REVENUE The Academy’s 193-year old multidisciplinary science journal is published bi-monthly as special issues in many areas of Membership Fees �� $666,285 science, predominantly the biological sciences. Each of the volume 1419, special issue may 2018 Publication Sales And Advertising ��$2,520,063 24 annual issues presents Original Research Articles and/ Implementation Research and Practice for Early Childhood or commissioned Review, Commentary, and Perspective Development Grants And Contributions ��$22,915,719 Articles. In 2017, the latest rankings by Clarivate Analytics in Registration And Meetings Fees ��$1,414,548 81 countries worldwide listed Ann NY Acad Sci 1,211 of the Interest And Dividends �� $71,872 12,271 journals. Other Income ��$20,047 On Wiley’s Online Library, Ann NY Acad Sci had 1.9M unique visitors (+5% RANKED Total Public Support And Revenue ��$27,608,534 over 2016), 1.5M full-text downloads (+6%), and 46,160 citations (+3.6%) in 2017. 6,035 institutions (+14%) offered access to the latest Ann NY Acad Sci content via either a Wiley License or a traditional (title-by-title) subscription. In addition, philanthropic initiatives extended low-cost or free access to 7,669 TH OPERATING EXPENSES developing world institutions. OF 64 Program Expenses ��$19,681,731 Total top-line revenue was $3.23M; bottom-line revenue was ~$1.72M (+5%). 10 MULTIDISCIPLINARY Fundraising �� $2,507,709 JOURNALS WORLDWIDE ACADEMY AND JOHN WILEY & SONS BOOK SERIES $ General And Administrative �� $3,259,396 Total Operating Expenses �� $25,448,836 In 2015, the Academy and John Wiley & Sons began collaborating on a new book series covering topics in all IMPACT FACTOR areas of life and physical sciences, including professional/ 4.277 research books, educational textbooks, techniques book, and Journal Citation Reports® Science Edition (Clarivate Analytics, 2017) handbooks. Two titles have been published thus far; several others are in progress. Change In Net Assets Before Depreciation �� $2,159,698

Neurobiological Basis of Migraine Less: Depreciation Expense �� $1,904,029 Turgay Dalkara and Michael A. Moskowitz (ISBN: 978-1-118-96719) $ Change In Net Assets After Depreciation And Before Building Brains: An Introduction to Neural Development, 2nd Edition Realized And Unrealized Gains On Investments ��$255,669 David J. Price, Andrew P. Jarman, John O. Mason, Peter C. Kind $ (ISBN: 978-1-119-29371-2) Realized And Unrealized Gains On Investments ��$206,373

Other books in progress include: Change In Net Assets ��$462,042 • Microscopy-Based Imaging in Pathology and Disease • Bacterial Molecular Genetics • Postharvest Biology and Nanotechnology of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers • Glial Cell Biology The above data has been condensed from the consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2018, audited by EisnerAmper, LLP. Copies of the audited statements including the accountant’s unmodified opinion are available from the Academy upon request.

18 19 March 1, 2018 December 20, 2017 October 28 - December 9, 2017 WEBINAR: Using Informational The Future of Research: Talent SciPhD – The Business of Science Conferences, Discussion Groups, Interviews to Find Your Dream Job & Technology Certificate Program and Scientific Events February 26, 2018 December 7, 2017 October 24, 2017 Passions for Interests: Water and The Story of Life: Critical Insights Towards Transformative Rural Political Belonging from Evolutionary Biology Therapies for Sickle Cell Disease April 14, 2018 in America Hate Free Speech: A Workshop on December 4, 2017 October 23, 2017 LIVESTREAMS AND WEBINARS the Politics of Language on College February 26 - February 28, 2018 Genome Integrity Getting Talked into Campuses Sohn Conference: Accelerating Discussion Group (and out of) Whiteness The Academy used the power of livestreaming, and archived Translation of Pediatric April 10, 2018 Cancer Research December 4, 2017 October 17, 2017 video on demand, to put our ideas and events in front of Immigration Info Session for Lyceum Society Holiday Luncheon Going for the Goals: audiences around the world. This year, more than 6,600 Advanced Degree Holders in STEM February 24 - February 25, 2018 New York Tech Innovates Introductory Coding November 30, 2017 for Sustainability people watched an Academy event via Livestream or Webinar. April 9, 2018 for Researchers Engaging with the Public: Why Genome Integrity Scientists Need to Communicate October 17, 2017 Discussion Group February 20, 2018 Their Work Second Annual Summit on Science Translational Approaches for Enablement for the SDGs: April 2, 2018 Human Liver Disease November 29, 2017 The Symposium June 23–30, 2018 May 24, 2018 Lyceum Society April 2018 Transformative Research in Science Denialism, Public Policy, Cancer Metabolism and Signaling February 7, 2018 Neurodegenerative Disease and October 16, 2017 and Global Health March 27, 2018 Neuropsychiatric Disorders: 2017 Second Annual Summit on Science May 23, 2018 A Touch of Awe: Crafting Mean- Webinar: Beating the ing from the Wonder of the Cosmos Innovators in Science Enablement for the SDGs: June 27, 2018 Chemical Biology Discussion Group STEM Burnout Award Symposium The Workshops Change Fashion Challenge Forum Year-End Symposium February 5, 2018 and Workshop March 26, 2018 November 17, 2017 October 10, 2017 May 22, 2018 Genome Integrity Is Extreme Inequality Inevitable?: Discussion Group Chemical Neuroscience The Power of Meaning: The Quest June 25 - June 26, 2018 Thinking Outside the ATP Box: What Archaeology Can Tell Us for an Existential Roadmap Resolution of Inflammation, New Ways to Target Kinases about the 99 Percent November 14, 2017 Infection and Tissue Regeneration for Therapeutics February 5, 2018 Lyceum Society February 2018 Antibody-Drug Conjugates: October 3, 2017 March 23, 2018 Oncology and Beyond Grantsmanship for Postdocs: June 28th, 2018 May 21, 2018 Hidden Hunger: Solutions for Pathway to Independence Awards The Interstellar Initiative The Enhanced Human: January 29, 2018 America’s Aging Population Will Humans Survive our Assault November 13, 2017 (K99/R00) Risks and Opportunities Are Racism, Violence, and June 14, 2018 on the Earth? A Message March 19, 2018 from Madagascar Inequality Part of “Human October 2, 2017 Psychiatric Symptoms in May 15, 2018 Cell Death Pathways in Human Nature”? Why Understanding Genome Integrity Discussion Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia Innovators in Science Award – Health and Disease Human Evolution Matters Group Call for Nominations January 27, 2018 June 5, 2018 Risky Business – The Future of March 15, 2018 Biopharmaceutical Innovation November 6, 2017 October 2, 2017 2018 Ross Prize in Molecular May 7, 2018 Improving Women’s Health: HIV, The New York Academy of Lyceum Society October 2017 Medicine — Genetics of Lyceum Society May 2018 Contraception, Cervical Cancer and Sciences 2017 Annual Gala Neurodevelopmental Disorders January 18, 2018 Schistosomiasis The New York Structural Biology September 28, 2017 April 28, 2018 November 6, 2017 199th Annual Meeting of June 4 - August 12, 2018 Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Discussion Group 13th March 14, 2018 Winter Meeting Lyceum Society November 2017 the New York Academy of Sciences Scientists Teaching Science Neuropathology, Knowledge Gaps, Stories Behind the CV: A Career Online Course and Clinical Translation Exploration Town Hall January 8, 2018 November 2, 2017 September 26, 2017 Planning for a Successful Targeting RNA Using June 4, 2018 April 26 - April 27, 2018 Investigations of the Preclinical March 9, 2018 Stage of Alzheimer’s Disease STEM Career Small Molecules Genome Integrity Frontiers in Cancer Immunotherapy 12th Annual Machine Discussion Group Learning Symposium November 2, 2017 September 25, 2017 April 17, 2018 January 8, 2018 Lyceum Society January 2018 Mitochondria in Health The Refugee as a Political Figure June 4, 2018 Advances in Translational Models March 5, 2018 and Disease for our Time Lyceum Society June 2018 to Study Fibrosis Lyceum Society March 2018

20 21 eBRIEFINGS September 22, 2017 Multimedia recaps of Academy meetings designed to help PODCASTS Long Acting HIV Prevention Methods Deciphering Zika Proof of Concept Centers: Small a global audience stay informed about the latest research Inform the public about Materials Solving Big Problems September 14 - September 17, 2017 presented at Academy conferences and events. Discovering New Liver Disease Reevaluating Clinical Trial Design Science Alliance Leadership Train- important scientific topics Treatments ing (SALT) 2017 - Atlanta in an easily digestible Proof of Concept Centers: Tackling Immigration Info Session for The 2017 Blavatnik Proof of Concept Centers: format; available on the Industrial Waste September 13, 2017 Advanced Degree Holders in STEM Science Symposium Changing Weather Mitochondria and Medicine: The Academy’s website and 2017 Dr. Paul Janssen Sohn Conference: Accelerating The Need to Accelerate Working Together for People, on iTunes. Inspiring Stories from the Future Award Symposium Translation of Pediatric Therapeutic Development: Must Planet, and Prosperity Cancer Research Randomized Controlled Trials of STEM September 7, 2017 Give Way? Academia Challenges for Women Improving Women’s Health: HIV, Rethinking Climate Change in STEM: Training, Discrimination, Contraception, Cervical Cancer, Gene Therapy for Rare Diseases and Policy and Schistosomiasis The Physics of Everything

August 14-25, 2017 Translational Approaches for Targeting Tau in Alzheimer’s Intro to Coding Summer Camp Human Liver Disease Disease and Related Disorders ANNALS OF February 2018, Volume 1414 October 2017, Volume 1406 THE NEW YORK Special Issue: Folate Status in Special Issue: Unlocking the August 1-2, 2017 Hidden Hunger: Solutions for Quantitative Approaches in ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Women and Neural Tube Defect Unconscious: Exploring the The Interstellar Initiative America’s Aging Population Immuno-Oncology Risk Reduction Undiscovered Self

June 2018, Volume 1422 February 2018, Volume 1413 October 2017, Volume 1405 July 21 - July 25, 2017 Mitochondria in Health Securing Seed Funding: Support for Special issue: The Year in Special Issue: Myasthenia Gravis Special Issue: Tight Junctions and Pre-College Leadership Institute and Disease Biotech Entrepreneurs Evolutionary Biology and Researchers and Related Disorders II their Proteins II

July 17-18, 2017 Towards Transformative Therapies June 2018, Volume 1421 January 2018, Volume 1412 September 2017, Volume 1404 2017 Blavatnik Science Symposium for Sickle Cell Disease Special Issue: Annals Reports Special Issue: Myasthenia Gravis Special Issue: Annals Reports and Related Disorders I July 7 - October 10, 2017 Antibody-Drug Conjugates: May 2018, Volume 1420 September 2017, Volume 1403 Clinical Research Management Oncology and Beyond Special Issue: The Year in January 2018, Volume 1411 Special Issue: Resveratrol Online Course Summer 2017 Neurology and Psychiatry Special Issue: The Year in Diabetes and Health Transformative Research in and Obesity July 6, 2017 Neurodegenerative Disease and May 2018, Volume 1419 August 2017, Volume 1402 Securing Seed Funding: Support Neuropsychiatric Disorders: 2017 Special Issue: Implementation December 2017, Volume 1410 Special Issue: MARROW for Biotech Entrepreneurs Innovators in Science Research and Practice for Early Special Issue: Musculoskeletal and Researchers Award Symposium Childhood Development Repair and Regeneration II August 2017, Volume 1401 Special Issue: Phytochemicals in Mitochondria and Medicine: The April 2018, Volume 1418 December 2017, Volume 1409 Medicine and Food II 2017 Dr. Paul Janssen Special Issue: Healthy Aging Award Symposium Special Issue: Musculoskeletal Repair and Regeneration I July 2017, Volume 1400 April 2018, Volume 1417 Special Issue: Annals Reports Long-Acting HIV Special Issue: The Year November 2017, Volume 1408 Prevention Methods in Immunology Special Issue: Annals Reports July 2017, Volume 1399 Special Issue: The Year in Ecology Academia Challenges for Women March 2018, Volume 1416 November 2017, Volume 1407 and Conservation Biology in STEM: Training, Discrimination, Special Issue: Adolescent Women’s Special Issue: Equivalence of and Policy Nutritional Status Complex Drug Products: Scientific

and Regulatory Challenges Grantsmanship for Postdocs: March 2018, Volume 1415 Pathway to Independence Awards Special Issue: MARROW

Neuroplasticity, Neuroregeneration, and Brain Repair

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26 27 Board of Governors 2018-2019 President’s Council

CHAIR Pablo Legorreta, Founder and CEO, Toni Hoover, Director Strategy Planning Peter Agre, Nobel Laureate; Aaron J. Ciechanover, Nobel Laureate; Hon. Jerry MacArthur Hultin, Paul Horn, Former Senior Vice Provost Royalty Pharma and Management and COO for the Global Univ. Prof. and Director, Johns Hopkins Distinguished Research Professor, Tumor Senior Presidential Fellow, New York University; for Research, New York University Senior Health Program, The Bill and Melinda Malaria Research Inst., Dept. Molecular and Vascular Biology Research Center, President Emeritus, Polytechnic Institute of David K.A. Mordecai, Co-Managing Vice Dean for Strategic Initiatives and Gates Foundation Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Inst. NYU; former Under Secretary of the Navy Member, Numerati® Partners, LLC, Entrepreneurship, NYU Polytechnic School School of Public Health of Tech., Haifa, Israel RiskEcon Lab for Decision Metrics, Courant Johan Rockström, Executive Director of Engineering ® Eric Kandel, Nobel Laureate; Prof., Physiology Institute for Mathematical Sciences NYU, of the Stockholm Resilience Centre, Richard Axel, Nobel Laureate; University Kenneth L. Davis, President and CEO of the & Cell Biology, Columbia University and Co-Founder, Risk Economics, Inc. Chairman of the EAT Advisory Board Professor, Columbia Univ.; Investigator, HHMI Mount Sinai Health System in New York City VICE-CHAIR Mehmood Kahn, Vice Chairman and Chief Gregory A. Petsko, Professor of Neurology Paul Stoffels, Vice Chair of the Executive Thomas Pompidou, Founder and Partner David Baltimore, Nobel Laureate; Peter Doherty, Nobel Laureate; Researcher, St. Scientific Officer of Global Research and at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York City, Committee and Chief Scientific Officer, at Marker, LLC President Emeritus, Caltech Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Development, PepsiCo Johnson & Johnson and Tauber Professor of Biochemistry and Tennessee; Univ. of Melbourne, Australia Chemistry, Emeritus, at Brandeis University Etienne-Emile Baulieu, Former President, Kiyoshi Kurokawa, Former Science Advisor TREASURER in Waltham, Massachusetts CHAIRS EMERITI French Academy of Sciences Mikael Dolsten, President, Worldwide to the Prime Minister of Japan; Professor, Donna Milrod, Former Managing Director John E. Sexton, Former President, Research and Development; Senior Vice National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies and Head of DTCC Solutions, Chairman of Lowell Robinson, a highly regarded executive New York University Paul Berg, Nobel Laureate; Professor Emeritus, President, Pfizer Inc (GRIPS) the Board of DTCC Deriv/SERV LLC and with thirty years of senior global strategic, Dept. of Biochemistry, Stanford University Chairman of the Omgeo Board of Managers financial, M&A, operational, turnaround and Torsten N. Wiesel, Nobel Laureate & former Jan Eliasson, Former Deputy Secretary- Leon Lederman, Nobel Laureate; Pritzker governance experience at both Fortune 100 Secretary-General, Human Frontier Science Len Blavatnik, Chairman, General to the United Nations Prof. of Science, Illinois Inst. of Tech.; Resident consumer products retail and diversified Program Organization; President Emeritus, Access Industries, Inc. PRESIDENT Scholar, Illinois Math & Science Academy financial services The Rockefeller University Edmond H. Fischer, Nobel Laureate; Professor Ellis Rubinstein, President and CEO, Irina Bokova, Former Director General, Emeritus, Department of Biochemistry, Roderick MacKinnon, Nobel Laureate; The New York Academy of Sciences Kathe Sackler, Founder and President, The Nancy Zimpher, Chancellor Emeritus, The United Nations Educational, Scientific and University of Washington John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Prof., The Rockefeller Acorn Foundation for the Arts & Sciences State University of New York (SUNY) Cultural Organization (UNESCO) University; Investigator, HHMI SECRETARY Mortimer D. A. Sackler, Member of the Joachim Frank, Nobel Laureate; Director, Frank Sydney Brenner, Nobel Laureate; Larry Smith, Board, Purdue Pharma HONORARY LIFE GOVERNORS Lab, Columbia University Richard Menschel,Senior Director, Distinguished Prof., Salk Inst. The New York Academy of Sciences Karen E. Burke, Dermatologist and Goldman Sachs Peter Thorén, Executive Vice President, Jerome I. Friedman, Nobel Laureate; Institute Access Industries Research Scientist Michael S. Brown, Nobel Laureate; Prof. GOVERNORS Professor and Professor of Physics, Emeritus, Ronay Menschel, Chairman of the Board, of Molecular Genetics, Univ. of Texas Ellen de Brabander, Senior Vice President Grace Wang, Senior Vice Chancellor for John F. Niblack, Former President, Pfizer Massachusetts Institute of Technology Phipps Houses; Board of Overseers, Weill Southwestern Medical Center Cornell Medical College Research and Development Global Functions, Research and Economic Development Global Research & Development Joseph Goldstein, Nobel Laureate; for the State University of New York Governance & Compliance, PepsiCo Linda Buck, Nobel Laureate; Investigator Chairman, Molecular Genetics, Univ. of Texas Ferid Murad, Nobel Laureate; Director, IMM (SUNY) and Interim President for SUNY Jacqueline Corbelli, Chairman, CEO and As of September 2018 for HHMI; Member of the Fred Hutchinson Southwestern Medical Center Center for Cell Signaling, The University of Polytechnic Institute Co-Founder, BrightLine Cancer Research Center Texas at Houston Michael Zigman, President and CEO, S. “Kris” Gopalakrishnan, Chairman, Mikael Dolsten, President, Worldwide Karen E. Burke, Dermatologist & Research NYC FIRST Axilor Ventures; Co-Founder, Infosys John F. Niblack, Former President, Pfizer Research and Development; Senior Vice Scientist; Honorary Life Governor, Global Research & Development; Honorary President, Pfizer Inc The New York Academy of Sciences Paul Greengard, Nobel Laureate; Life Governor, The New York Academy INTERNATIONAL BOARD Prof. of Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience, MaryEllen Elia, New York State of Sciences OF GOVERNORS Thomas R. Cech, Nobel Laureate; The Rockefeller University Commissioner of Education and President Seth F. Berkley, Chief Executive Officer, Distinguished Prof., University of Paul Nurse, Nobel Laureate; Former President, of the University of the State of The Global Alliance for Vaccines Colorado, Boulder Glenda Greenwald, President, The Rockefeller University; Former President, New York (USNY) and Immunization Aspen Brain Institute The Royal Society, London; Chief Executive, Elaine Fuchs, Rebecca C. Lancefield Professor Martin Chalfie, Nobel Laureate; The Francis Crick Institute Stefan Catsicas, Chief Technology Officer University Professor of Biological David Gross, Nobel Laureate; Chancellor's in Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Nestlé S.A. Sciences, Columbia University Chair Professor of Theoretical Physics, Kavli The Rockefeller University; Investigator, Gerald Chan, Co-Founder, Institute for Theoretical Physics, UCSB Howard Hughes Medical Institute Steven Chu, Nobel Laureate; William R. Morningside Group Beth Jacobs, Managing Partner of Kenan, Jr. Prof. of Physics, Prof. of Molecular William A. Haseltine, Chairman and President, Excellentia Global Partners Alice P. Gast, President, Imperial and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University; ACCESS Health International, Inc. College, London Former U.S. Secretary of Energy John E. Kelly III, SVP, Solutions Portfolio and Research, IBM S. “Kris” Gopalakrishnan, Chairman, Axilor Ventures/Co-founder Infosys Seema Kumar, Vice President of Innovation, Global Health and Science Policy Communication for Johnson & Johnson

28 29 Yoshinori Ohsumi, Nobel Laureate; Craig B. Thompson, President and CEO, Professor, Institute of Innovative Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center Tokyo Institute of Technology (IIR) Shirley Tilghman, President Emerita/ John O'Keefe, Nobel Laureate; Professor of Molecular Biology, Wellcome Trust Principal Research Fellow Princeton University and Prof. of Cognitive Neuroscience, Sainsbury Wellcome Centre, University Rainer Weiss, Nobel Laureate; Professor of College London Physics, Emeritus Massachusettes Institute of Technology Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Nobel Laureate; President, The Royal Society George Whitesides, Woodford L. & Ann A. Flowers University Professor, Richard Roberts, Nobel Laureate; Chief Harvard University Scientific Officer, New England Biolabs Torsten N. Wiesel, Nobel Laureate; James E. Rothman, Nobel Laureate; Yale Chairman Emeritus, The New York University School of Medicine, Fergus Academy of Sciences; Former Secretary F. Wallace Professor of Cell Biology General, Human Frontier Science Program and Professor of Chemistry; Chairman, Organization; President Emeritus, The Department of Cell Biology; Director, Rockefeller Univ. Nanobiology Institute Frank Wilczek, Nobel Laureate; Jeffrey D. Sachs, Special Advisor to the Herman Feshbach Professor of Physics, UN Secretary General on the Sustainable Massachusetts Institute of Technology Development Goals and Director of Center for Sustainable Development, Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker, Secretary Columbia University General, Human Frontier Science Program Organization; Former Bengt Samuelsson, Nobel Laureate; Secretary General, European Research Prof., Medical & Physiological Chem., Council; Former President, Deutsche Karolinska Inst.; Former Chairman, Forschungsgemeinschaft, Germany The Nobel Foundation Andrew Witty, Chancellor, University of Ismail Serageldin, Emeritus Librarian of the Nottingham UK; Former Chief Executive Bibliotheca Alexandrina and member of the Officer, GlaxoSmithKline Board of Trustees of the library of Alexandria Michael W. Young, Nobel Laureate; Phillip A. Sharp, Nobel Laureate; Richard and Jeanne Fisher Professor/ Director, The McGovern Institute, Vice President for Academic Affairs, MIT Center for Cancer Research The Rockefeller University

Feike Sijbesma, CEO/Chairman of the Tan Sri Zakri Abdul Hamid, Science Adviser Managing Board, Royal DSM to the Prime Minister of Malaysia

Paul Stoffels, Vice Chair of the Executive Elias Zerhouni, President, Global Research Committee and Chief Scientific Officer, & Development, Sanofi-aventis Johnson & Johnson Guangzhao Zhou, Former Chairman, Jack W. Szostak, Nobel Laureate; Chinese Association of Science & Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Technology Institute; Professor of Genetics, Harvard Medical School; Professor of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University; Alex. A. Rich Distinguished Investigator, Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital

Diana Taylor, Vice-Chair, Solera Capital LLC

Marc Tessier-Lavigne, President, Stanford University THE WORLD’S SMARTEST NETWORKTM The New York Academy of Sciences is an independent, not-for-profit organization that, since 1817, has been driving innovative solutions to society’s challenges by advancing scientific research, education, and policy. With more than 20,000 Members in 100 countries, the Academy is creating a global community of science for the benefit of humanity. Please visit us online at www.nyas.org and follow us on Twitter at @NYASciences.

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