Biochemistry of a Burger Have You Renewed Your Membership for 2020?
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Biochemistrystanford00kornrich.Pdf
University of California Berkeley Regional Oral History Office University of California The Bancroft Library Berkeley, California Program in the History of the Biosciences and Biotechnology Arthur Kornberg, M.D. BIOCHEMISTRY AT STANFORD, BIOTECHNOLOGY AT DNAX With an Introduction by Joshua Lederberg Interviews Conducted by Sally Smith Hughes, Ph.D. in 1997 Copyright 1998 by The Regents of the University of California Since 1954 the Regional Oral History Office has been interviewing leading participants in or well-placed witnesses to major events in the development of Northern California, the West, and the Nation. Oral history is a method of collecting historical information through tape-recorded interviews between a narrator with firsthand knowledge of historically significant events and a well- informed interviewer, with the goal of preserving substantive additions to the historical record. The tape recording is transcribed, lightly edited for continuity and clarity, and reviewed by the interviewee. The corrected manuscript is indexed, bound with photographs and illustrative materials, and placed in The Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and in other research collections for scholarly use. Because it is primary material, oral history is not intended to present the final, verified, or complete narrative of events. It is a spoken account, offered by the interviewee in response to questioning, and as such it is reflective, partisan, deeply involved, and irreplaceable. ************************************ All uses of this manuscript are covered by a legal agreement between The Regents of the University of California and Arthur Kornberg, M.D., dated June 18, 1997. The manuscript is thereby made available for research purposes. All literary rights in the manuscript, including the right to publish, are reserved to The Bancroft Library of the University of California, Berkeley. -
Professor Peter Goldreich Member of the Board of Adjudicators Chairman of the Selection Committee for the Prize in Astronomy
The Shaw Prize The Shaw Prize is an international award to honour individuals who are currently active in their respective fields and who have recently achieved distinguished and significant advances, who have made outstanding contributions in academic and scientific research or applications, or who in other domains have achieved excellence. The award is dedicated to furthering societal progress, enhancing quality of life, and enriching humanity’s spiritual civilization. Preference is to be given to individuals whose significant work was recently achieved and who are currently active in their respective fields. Founder's Biographical Note The Shaw Prize was established under the auspices of Mr Run Run Shaw. Mr Shaw, born in China in 1907, was a native of Ningbo County, Zhejiang Province. He joined his brother’s film company in China in the 1920s. During the 1950s he founded the film company Shaw Brothers (HK) Limited in Hong Kong. He was one of the founding members of Television Broadcasts Limited launched in Hong Kong in 1967. Mr Shaw also founded two charities, The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong and The Sir Run Run Shaw Charitable Trust, both dedicated to the promotion of education, scientific and technological research, medical and welfare services, and culture and the arts. ~ 1 ~ Message from the Chief Executive I warmly congratulate the six Shaw Laureates of 2014. Established in 2002 under the auspices of Mr Run Run Shaw, the Shaw Prize is a highly prestigious recognition of the role that scientists play in shaping the development of a modern world. Since the first award in 2004, 54 leading international scientists have been honoured for their ground-breaking discoveries which have expanded the frontiers of human knowledge and made significant contributions to humankind. -
Crucible of Science: the Story of the Cori Laboratory
Crucible of Science This page intentionally left blank Crucible of Science THE STORY OF THE CORI LABORATORY JOHN H. EXTON 3 3 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offi ces in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Th ailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitt ed, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitt ed by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. CIP data is on fi le at the Library of Congress ISBN 978–0–19–986107–1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper Dedicated to Charles Rawlinson (Rollo) Park This page intentionally left blank Contents Acknowledgments ix I n t r o d u c t i o n xi 1. -
Mcgovern Institute for Brain Research
McGovern Institute for Brain Research The McGovern Institute for Brain Research at MIT is a research and teaching institute committed to advancing human understanding and communications. The goal of the McGovern Institute is to investigate and ultimately understand the biological basis of higher brain function in humans. The Institute is conducting interdisciplinary research that combines and extends the results of recent breakthroughs in three major, interrelated areas: systems and computational neuroscience, imaging and cognitive neuroscience, and genetic and cellular neuroscience. Activities We initiated a faculty search during spring 2007. Although we reviewed over 100 applications, we ultimately decided not to make an offer and will instead run the search again in 2007–2008. We held our second annual imaging symposium at the McGovern Institute on May 15, 2007. The co-organizers of this year’s event were Christopher Moore, Alan Jasanoff, and Charles Jennings. The theme, “Plumbing the Mind: Brain Activation and the Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow,” brought together people working on the physiological mechanisms of neurovascular coupling with others interested in the development of brain imaging technology, especially (but not exclusively) fMRI. Held in the brain and cognitive sciences complex, it was an oversubscribed event that was incredibly well received. The Institute’s Annual Scolnick Prize lecture and dinner was held May 21, 2007. The winner, Dr. David Julius, gave a late afternoon talk, followed by a well-attended dinner at the McGovern Institute. The Scolnick Prize recognizes an outstanding discovery or significant advance in the field of neuroscience. The McGovern Institute held its 5th annual retreat June 3–5 at the Newport Marriott in Newport, Rhode Island. -
Wake Forest Magazine Offers a 70 Class Notes Series of Milestones Along with the Millstones in the Story of Women at the University
CAMPUS DURING COVID-19 | WFU WOMEN: A HISTORY OF THEIR OWN | KAREN BAYNES-DUNNING (’89): UNDAUNTED SPRING 2021 R E A D I N G t h e R I V E R THE MAGAZINE OF WAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY FEATURES 38 COPING IN THE PANDEMIC Photography by Ken Bennett Wake Forest’s director of photography captured the first month of the fall semester, when campus community members embraced “Show Humanitate.” 2 52 READING THE RIVER LESSONS FROM A TIME OF By Carol L. Hanner UPHEAVAL Yadkin Riverkeeper Brian Fannon (’89) By Kerry M. King (’85) combines biology, history and a love of water Six alumni reflect on student life in the for his exceptional life in the flow. 1960s and early ’70s and how 2020 echoes those times. 18 88 UNDAUNTED CONSTANT & TRUE By Maria Henson (’82) By Sophie Hollis (’19) Karen Baynes-Dunning (’89) infuses arduous A young grad learns about isolation and work for social justice and children’s progress reaching out in a pandemic. with lessons from wondrous family lore. 34 DEPARTMENTS A HISTORY OF THEIR OWN 66 Around the Quad Illustration by Lisa Perrin As women move into their second century of 69 Philanthropy voting rights, Wake Forest Magazine offers a 70 Class Notes series of milestones along with the millstones in the story of women at the University. WAKEFOREST FROM theh PRESIDENT MAGAZINE 2019 ROBERT SIBLEY this issue of wake forest magazine is the first of 2021, a year MAGAZINE OF THE YEAR that will mark the University’s continuing challenges with the COVID-19 pandemic and an upcoming personal milestone for me and my wife, Julie. -
2014-2015 Annual Report
THE HELEN HAY WHITNEY FOUNDATION 2014-2015 Annual REport 20 Squadron Boulevard, Suite 630 New City, NY 10956 www.hhwf.org Tel: (845) 639-6799 Fax: (845) 639-6798 THE HELEN HAY WHITNEY FOUNDATION BOARD OF TRUSTEES Averil Payson Meyer, President Steven C. Harrison, Ph.D., Vice President Lisa A. Steiner, M.D., Vice President W. Perry Welch, Treasurer Thomas M. Jessell, Ph.D. Payne W. Middleton Thomas P. Sakmar, M.D. Stephen C. Sherrill SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE Steven C. Harrison, Ph.D., Chairman David J. Anderson, Ph.D. Daniel Kahne, Ph.D. Philippa Marrack, Ph.D. Markus Meister, Ph.D. Barbara J. Meyer, Ph.D. Julie A. Theriot, Ph.D. Jonathan S. Weissman, Ph.D. S. Lawrence Zipursky, Ph.D. ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTOR and SECRETARY Robert Weinberger Page 1 REPORT OF THE VICE PRESIDENT AND CHAIRMAN, SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY COMMITTEE I am pleased to report on two years of activity for the Scientific Advisory Committee. Our charge, to select an outstanding group of Fellows each year and to respond as needed to advisory issues that occasionally arise during the tenure of their fellowship, is always a stimulating one, and the talks from third-year Fellows at the Annual Meeting continue to give remarkably positive feedback. Our partnerships with HHMI, the Simons Foundation, and Merck have benefitted the program greatly. We have three Simons Fellows, eight HHMI Fellows and two Merck Fellows, in addition to the eleven we now support from endowment income. (Let me add, on behalf of the SAC, a note of thanks to Perry Welch, the Treasurer of the Foundation, who oversees that endowment with great dedication and insight.) A class of 24 means the competition is fierce, and we continue to identify an extraordinary group of young biomedical scientists. -
Ucsf Magazine Winter 2020 Cover Illustration: Mike Mcquaid; This Spread: Perkins Eastman Whatinside Matters Ucsf
MAGAZINE Winter 2020 Special Issue The Future SPECIAL ISSUE // THE FUTURE FEATURES 14 The Climate Crisis Is a Health Crisis Medicine must reckon with the coming catastrophe. 22 The Essence of Who We Are When we gain precise control over our brains and our genes, what will it mean to be human? 28 Who Will Benefit from Precision Medicine? Mostly the white and the wealthy – unless health systems tackle disparities. 34 Better Parts Ageless muscles. Off-the-shelf organs. Bionic superlimbs. And more. 38 Emerging and Ebbing Threats We’re winning some battles against infectious diseases and losing others. 42 Postcards from the Future Four trailblazers share their visions for cancer, aging, mental health, and AI. 46 What Will Health and Medicine Look Like in 2050? UCSF experts weigh in on predictions. DEPARTMENTS 2 What Matters 3 Inside UCSF NEW HEIGHTS 12 Brain Trust In this artist’s rendering of UCSF’s reimagined 32 Big Picture Parnassus Heights campus, an open 48 UCSF: The Campaign promenade replaces the steep, west-side staircase to Koret Way. 49 Alumni Hub Learn more about the vision for the campus’s 54 Med Mystery future at ucsf.edu/cphp. UCSF MAGAZINE WINTER 2020 COVER ILLUSTRATION: MIKE MCQUAID; THIS SPREAD: PERKINS EASTMAN COVER ILLUSTRATION: WHATINSIDE MATTERS UCSF What will health look UCSF MAGAZINE WINTER 2020 • VOL. 8 NO. 2 like in the future? EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Cyril Manning EXECUTIVE EDITOR We are living in an age of biomedical dis- Anne Kavanagh SENIOR EDITOR ruptors: gene editing, artificial intelligence, Ariel Bleicher machine learning, robotics, and many others. -
Cytoplasmic Inter-Subunit Interface Controls Use-Dependence of Thermal Activation of TRPV3 Channel
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Cytoplasmic Inter-Subunit Interface Controls Use-Dependence of Thermal Activation of TRPV3 Channel Lucie Macikova 1,2 , Lenka Vyklicka 1, Ivan Barvik 3, Alexander I. Sobolevsky 4 and Viktorie Vlachova 1,* 1 Department of Cellular Neurophysiology, Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic 2 Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic 3 Division of Biomolecular Physics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +420-296-442-711 Received: 23 July 2019; Accepted: 13 August 2019; Published: 16 August 2019 Abstract: The vanilloid transient receptor potential channel TRPV3 is a putative molecular thermosensor widely considered to be involved in cutaneous sensation, skin homeostasis, nociception, and pruritus. Repeated stimulation of TRPV3 by high temperatures above 50 ◦C progressively increases its responses and shifts the activation threshold to physiological temperatures. This use-dependence does not occur in the related heat-sensitive TRPV1 channel in which responses decrease, and the activation threshold is retained above 40 ◦C during activations. By combining structure-based mutagenesis, electrophysiology, and molecular modeling, we showed that chimeric replacement of the residues from the TRPV3 cytoplasmic inter-subunit interface (N251–E257) with the homologous residues of TRPV1 resulted in channels that, similarly to TRPV1, exhibited a lowered thermal threshold, were sensitized, and failed to close completely after intense stimulation. Crosslinking of this interface by the engineered disulfide bridge between substituted cysteines F259C and V385C (or, to a lesser extent, Y382C) locked the channel in an open state. -
Pain Management and Opioids: Balancing Risks and Benefits
8/6/2019 Pain Management and Opioids: Balancing Risks and Benefits PRESENTED BY CO*RE, THE COLLABORATION FOR REMS EDUCATION UPDATED 2019 1 | © CO*RE 2019 1 8/6/2019 FACULTY INFORMATION James Cannon, MS, DHA, MBA, PA-C, DFAAPA, practices psychiatry, hospital, and addiction medicine. James received his PA training and Masters of Science from the Arizona School of Health Sciences/A. T. Still University. He additionally holds a Masters of Business Administration and a doctorate in health care administration. He is a certified PA and with a Certificate of Added Qualification in Psychiatry. In addition to authoring numerous articles in medical journals and books, James works with numerous professional groups, including the American Academy of PAs and Association of PAs in Psychiatry. Currently serving on numerous boards that include of the Virginia Association of PAs , PAs for Tomorrow, the Boards of Trustees of A.T. Still University as the only non-physician/dentist director, where he helps guide the envisioned future of the 125 year founding school of Osteopathy and South Hampton Memorial Hospital. James and his wife reside in Chesapeake, VA with two dogs while his daughter attends college in Texas. INSERT CO*RE PARTNER LOGO DISCLOSURE: Nothing to disclose 2 | © CO*RE 2019 2 8/6/2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Presented by AAPA a member of the Collaborative for Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) Education (CO*RE), nine interdisciplinary organizations working together to improve pain management and prevent adverse outcomes. This activity is supported by an independent educational grant from the Opioid Analgesic REMS Program Companies (RPC). -
5. Bioenergetics
Life Sciences - LS (Molecules and their interaction relevant to Biology) 5. BIOENERGETICS Oxidative Phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation (or OXPHOS in short) is the metabolic pathway in which the mitochondria in cells use their structure, enzymes, and energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to reform ATP. Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, ATP is the molecule that supplies energy to metabolism. Almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation. Oxidative phosphorylation began with the report in 1906 by Arthur Harden of a vital role for phosphate in cellular fermentation, but initially only sugar phosphates were known to be involved. 1940s, Herman Kalckar work on this between the oxidation of sugars and the generation of ATP was firmly established, confirming the central role of ATP in energy transfer that had been proposed by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. Later, in 1949, Morris Friedkin and Albert L. Lehninger proved that the coenzyme NADH linked metabolic pathways such as the citric acid cycle and the synthesis of ATP. This pathway is probably so pervasive because it is a highly efficient way of releasing energy, compared to alternative fermentation processes such as anaerobic glycolysis. 5.1 Electron Transport Chain The electron transport chain (aka ETC) is a process in which the NADH and [FADH ] produced 2 during glycolysis, -oxidation, and other catabolic processes are oxidized thus releasing energy in the form of ATP. The mechanism by which ATP is formed in the ETC is called chemiosmotic phosphorylation. Fig. : Electron Transport Chain Overview The electron transport chain is present in multiple copies in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotes and the plasma membrane of prokaryotes. -
KALCKAR, HERMAN MORITZ (B
ndsbv4_K 9/25/07 1:11 PM Page 71 K KALCKAR, HERMAN MORITZ (b. ily members were “mainly free-thinkers” and his father Copenhagen, Denmark, 26 March 1908; d. Cambridge, was primarily secular, his mother was more observant and Massachusetts, 17 May 1991), biochemistry, enzymology, encouraged some religious education. Thus, Kalckar molecular biology. learned “a minimum of Hebrew” at the Copenhagen main synagogue (Kalckar, 1991, p. 2). Kalckar’s biochemical contributions were multifac- eted. His initial work opened an investigative pathway to Kalckar attended the Østre Borgerdyd Skole, located what has come to be called oxidative phosphorylation. As a short distance from home, which he described as “inter- a mature investigator, his utilized his laboratory to play a esting and rewarding” and having an “Athenian flavor,” a characteristic that arose from the headmaster, a world- significant role in the rapidly evolving field of enzymol- renowned Greek scholar. His early scientific education ogy, and Kalckar introduced innovative ways of measuring also benefited from “a formidable and passionately enzymatic activity. A significant part of his enzymological devoted teacher in mathematical physics,” who signifi- work focused on galactose metabolism, and he was one of cantly influenced Kalckar’s decision to pursue a career in the first investigators to clarify the nature of the genetic research and teaching. The Danish Nobel Prize–winning disorder galactosemia. Like many twentieth-century bio- (Physiology or Medicine, 1920) physiologist August chemists, Kalckar did not restrict his work to any single Krogh shaped Kalckar’s biological interests by some organism or tissue, and he contributed equally to the human physiology demonstrations. -
Biological Thermodynamics~Tqw~ Darksiderg
Chapter 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics A. Introduction To gain a good understanding of the laws of thermodynamics, it will help to develop an appreciation of the meaning of the words law and thermodynamics. Let’s take a moment to think about these words before launching into a detailed discussion of how we might unpack the content of how the laws can be formulated. We are aided in this quest by the nature of science itself, which unlike ordinary prose and poetry aims to give words a more or less precise definition. We are familiar with the concept of law from our everyday experience. Laws are rules that we are not supposed to break; they exist to protect someone’s interests, possibly our own, and there may be a penalty to pay if the one who breaks a law gets caught. Such are civil and criminal laws. Physical laws are similar but dif- ferent. They are similar in that they regulate something, namely how matter behaves under given circumstances. They are different in that violations are not known to have occurred, and they describe what is considered to be a basic property of nature. If a violation of a physical law should ever seem to have occurred, you will think first that the experiment has gone wrong at some stage, and second that maybe the “law” isn’t a law after all. Here’s an example. Galileo,1 like Copernicus,2 believed that the orbits of the known planets were circles; the circle being the shaper of perfection and perfection being of the heavens.