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Dehaene Et Al (2008)
Log or Linear? Distinct Intuitions of the Number Scale in Western and Amazonian Indigene Cultures Stanislas Dehaene, et al. Science 320, 1217 (2008); DOI: 10.1126/science.1156540 The following resources related to this article are available online at www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of June 6, 2008 ): Updated information and services, including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online version of this article at: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217 Supporting Online Material can be found at: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217/DC1 This article cites 24 articles, 4 of which can be accessed for free: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217#otherarticles Information about obtaining reprints of this article or about obtaining permission to reproduce this article in whole or in part can be found at: on June 6, 2008 http://www.sciencemag.org/about/permissions.dtl www.sciencemag.org Downloaded from Science (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published weekly, except the last week in December, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copyright 2008 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved. The title Science is a registered trademark of AAAS. REPORTS Before formal schooling, Western children may Log or Linear? Distinct Intuitions of the acquire the number-line concept from Arabic nu- merals seen on elevators, rulers, books, etc. Thus, Number Scale in Western and existing studies do not reveal which aspects of the number-space mapping constitute a basic in- tuition that would continue to exist in the absence Amazonian Indigene Cultures of a structured mathematical language and educa- 1,2,3,4 1,2,4,5 5 6 tion. -
Editorial What the Nose Knows, What The
Neuroscience 190 (2011) 1–11 EDITORIAL WHAT THE NOSE KNOWS, WHAT THE EYES SEE, HOW WE FEEL, HOW WE LEARN, HOW WE UNDERSTAND MOTOR ACTS, WHY “YY” IS ESSENTIAL FOR ION TRANSPORT, HOW EPIGENETICS MEET NEUROBIOLOGY IN RETT SYNDROME: SEVEN TOPICS AT THE 2010 KAVLI PRIZE SYMPOSIUM ON NEUROSCIENCE L. H. BERGERSEN,a M. SANDERb AND Symposium included lectures by: Richard Axel of Colum- J. STORM-MATHISENa* bia University, New York, USA; Tobias Bonhoeffer of Max aDepartment of Anatomy, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Martinsried, Germany; Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience, University of Oslo, Michael E. Goldberg of Columbia University, New York, PO Box 1105 Blindern, 0317 Oslo, Norway USA; Poul Nissen of Aarhus University, Denmark; Gia- b Page One Editorial Services, 685 Poplar Avenue, Boulder, CO como Rizzolatti of the University of Parma, Italy; and Huda 80304, USA Y Zoghbi of Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA. The seven symposium lectures described the most The Kavli Prizes were awarded for the second time in recent advances in understanding emotion, olfaction, vi- Oslo, Norway on 7 September, 2010 to eight of the sual information processing, synaptic plasticity, ion flux in world’s most prominent scientists in astrophysics, nano- neurons, perception of self and other, and the conse- science, and neuroscience. Jerry Nelson, of the Univer- quences of epigenetic dysregulation in the human brain. sity of California, Santa Cruz, USA, Ray Wilson, formerly The Kavli Prize Symposium on Neuroscience was or- of Imperial College London and the European Southern ganized by Linda H. Bergersen, Edvard Moser, May-Britt Observatory, and Roger Angel, of the University of Ari- Moser, and Jon Storm-Mathisen, and was made possible zona, Tucson, USA, shared the astrophysics prize for by the combined support of The Kavli Foundation, the their innovative contributions in the field of telescope Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and the Nor- design. -
Cognitive Psychology
COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY PSYCH 126 Acknowledgements College of the Canyons would like to extend appreciation to the following people and organizations for allowing this textbook to be created: California Community Colleges Chancellor’s Office Chancellor Diane Van Hook Santa Clarita Community College District College of the Canyons Distance Learning Office In providing content for this textbook, the following professionals were invaluable: Mehgan Andrade, who was the major contributor and compiler of this work and Neil Walker, without whose help the book could not have been completed. Special Thank You to Trudi Radtke for editing, formatting, readability, and aesthetics. The contents of this textbook were developed under the Title V grant from the Department of Education (Award #P031S140092). However, those contents do not necessarily represent the policy of the Department of Education, and you should not assume endorsement by the Federal Government. Unless otherwise noted, the content in this textbook is licensed under CC BY 4.0 Table of Contents Psychology .................................................................................................................................................... 1 126 ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1 - History of Cognitive Psychology ............................................................................................. 7 Definition of Cognitive Psychology -
Professor Peter Goldreich Member of the Board of Adjudicators Chairman of the Selection Committee for the Prize in Astronomy
The Shaw Prize The Shaw Prize is an international award to honour individuals who are currently active in their respective fields and who have recently achieved distinguished and significant advances, who have made outstanding contributions in academic and scientific research or applications, or who in other domains have achieved excellence. The award is dedicated to furthering societal progress, enhancing quality of life, and enriching humanity’s spiritual civilization. Preference is to be given to individuals whose significant work was recently achieved and who are currently active in their respective fields. Founder's Biographical Note The Shaw Prize was established under the auspices of Mr Run Run Shaw. Mr Shaw, born in China in 1907, was a native of Ningbo County, Zhejiang Province. He joined his brother’s film company in China in the 1920s. During the 1950s he founded the film company Shaw Brothers (HK) Limited in Hong Kong. He was one of the founding members of Television Broadcasts Limited launched in Hong Kong in 1967. Mr Shaw also founded two charities, The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong and The Sir Run Run Shaw Charitable Trust, both dedicated to the promotion of education, scientific and technological research, medical and welfare services, and culture and the arts. ~ 1 ~ Message from the Chief Executive I warmly congratulate the six Shaw Laureates of 2014. Established in 2002 under the auspices of Mr Run Run Shaw, the Shaw Prize is a highly prestigious recognition of the role that scientists play in shaping the development of a modern world. Since the first award in 2004, 54 leading international scientists have been honoured for their ground-breaking discoveries which have expanded the frontiers of human knowledge and made significant contributions to humankind. -
Welcoming 62 New EMBO Members Marek Basler & Melina Schuh
SUMMER 2018 ISSUE 39 Scientists from 24 countries elected Welcoming 62 new EMBO Members PAGES 4 – 5 Research assessment EMBO Gold Medal 2018 Kicking the impact Marek Basler & Melina Schuh honoured factor habit PAGE 3 PAGE 11 Creative collaborations Learning to lead Fellowship application EMBO Young Investigators EMBO Lab Leadership courses Tips and tricks on structuring share their stories in the spotlight a project proposal PAGES 6 – 7 PAGES 8 – 9 PAGE 12 www.embo.org TABLE OF CONTENTS © Marietta Schupp, EMBL Photolab Marietta Schupp, © Meet the 62 new EMBO Members Editorial PagesEMBO NEWS4-5 he first EMBO Gold Medal was present- ed to John Tooze in 1986. Since then, it Thas been awarded annually to celebrate EMBO news EMBO community the scientific achievements of young scien- tists. The work of this year’s recipients, Marek Two EMBO Gold Medals awarded Page 3 Updates from across Europe Basler and Melina Schuh (see p 3), continues Pages 14 – 16 in the same vein, exemplifying the exciting research that takes place across Europe. Each year, we ask our Members and Young Awards and publications Investigators to nominate candidates for the Gold Medal. Selecting one, or sometimes two, Achievements and papers by members of recipients from the many deserving nominees the EMBO community Page 17 is not an easy task. To make the selection process as fair as possible, we have changed the way EMBO Council assesses and discusses Crossing EMBO events each candidate. continents As one of the original signatories of the San Upcoming courses, workshops and Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment conferences Page 18 (DORA), we believe that the way research- ers and their work are assessed must change. -
Major Issues in the Study of Visual Search: Part 2 of “40 Years of Feature Integration: Special Issue in Memory of Anne Treisman”
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics (2020) 82:383–393 https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02022-1 Major issues in the study of visual search: Part 2 of “40 Years of Feature Integration: Special Issue in Memory of Anne Treisman” Jeremy M Wolfe1,2 Published online: 10 April 2020 # The Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2020 When we announced a special issue of Attention Feature search Perception and Psychophysics to mark the 40th anniversa- ry of Feature Integration Theory (A. Treisman & Gelade, One of the pillars of Treisman’s Feature Integration Theory 1980), we might have been getting a bit ahead of our- (FIT) was the idea that a limited set of basic features were selves. It was 2018 and Treisman’s seminal paper had processed in parallel, across the visual field or, at least, across come out in 1980. In the end, our timing was perfect. large swathes of the field in a single step. The classic evidence Here it is, 2020, and here we offer up the second part of for this was that the slopes of RT x set size functions were near “40 Years of Feature Integration: Special Issue in Memory zero for simple feature searches. Earlier models (including of Anne Treisman”. The choice to put a paper in the first versions of my Guided Search model (Wolfe, 1994; Wolfe, or second issue was driven by acceptance date, rather Cave, & Franzel, 1989) tended to treat this feature processing than, for example, topic. Thus, many topics appear in both step as essentially instantaneous and undifferentiated across issues. Within this second issue, papers are organized tasks. -
The Mirror-Neuron Paradox: How Far Is Sympathy from Compassion, Indulgence, and Adulation?
Munich Personal RePEc Archive The Mirror-Neuron Paradox: How Far is Sympathy from Compassion, Indulgence, and Adulation? Khalil, Elias Monash University 11 June 2007 Online at https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/3599/ MPRA Paper No. 3599, posted 17 Jun 2007 UTC The Mirror-Neuron Paradox: How Far is Sympathy from Compassion, Indulgence, and Adulation? Elias L. Khalil1 ABSTRACT The mirror-neuron system (MNS) becomes instigated when the spectator empathizes with the principal’s intention. MNS also involves imitation, where empathy is irrelevant. While the former may attenuate the principal’s emotion, the latter paradoxically reinforces it. This paper proposes a solution of the contradictory attenuation/reinforcement functions of fellow-feeling by distinguishing two axes: “rationality axis” concerns whether the action is efficient or suboptimal; “intentionality axis” concerns whether the intention is “wellbeing” or “evil.” The solution shows how group solidarity differs from altruism and fairness; how revulsion differs from squeamishness; how malevolence differs from selfishness; and how racial hatred differs from racial segregation. Keywords: Adam Smith; David Hume; Fellow-Feeling; Desire; Paris Hilton; Crankcase Oil Problem; Comprehension; Understanding (empathy or theory of mind); Imitation; Status Inequality; Elitism; Authority; Pity: Obsequiousness; Racial Segregation; Racial Hatred; Rationality Axis; Intentionality Axis; Propriety; Impropriety; Revulsion; Social Preferences; Altruism; Assabiya (group solidarity); Fairness; Schadenfreude (envy/spite/malevolence/evil); Vengeance JEL Code: D01; D64 1 [email protected] Department of Economics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. The paper was supported by the Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research (Altenberg, Austria). During my stay at the Konrad Lorenz Institute, I benefited greatly from the very generous comments and extensive conversations with Riccardo Draghi- Lorenz. -
Annual Report Fy 2018 Human Frontier Science Program Organization
APRIL 2017 APRIL 2018 — MARCH 2019 ANNUAL REPORT FY 2018 HUMAN FRONTIER SCIENCE PROGRAM ORGANIZATION The Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO) is unique, supporting international collaboration to undertake innovative, risky, basic research at the frontier of the life sciences. Special emphasis is given to the support and training of independent young investigators, beginning at the postdoctoral level. The Program is implemented by an international organisation, supported financially by Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland, the United States of America, and the European Commission. Since 1990, over 7000 researchers from more than 70 countries have been supported. Of these, 28 HFSP awardees have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize. 2 The following documents are available on the HFSP website www.hfsp.org: Joint Communiqués (Tokyo 1992, Washington 1997, Berlin 2002, Bern 2004, Ottawa 2007, Canberra 2010, Brussels 2013, London 2016): https://www.hfsp.org/about/governance/membership Statutes of the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization: https://www.hfsp.org/about/governance/hfspo-statutes Guidelines for the participation of new members in HFSPO: https://www.hfsp.org/about/governance/membership General reviews of the HFSP (1996, 2001, 2006-2007, 2010, 2018): https://www.hfsp.org/about/strategy/reviews Updated and previous lists of awards, including titles and abstracts: -
Reviewers [PDF]
The Journal of Neuroscience, January 2013, 33(1) Acknowledgement For Reviewers 2012 The Editors depend heavily on outside reviewers in forming opinions about papers submitted to the Journal and would like to formally thank the following individuals for their help during the past year. Kjersti Aagaard Frederic Ambroggi Craig Atencio Izhar Bar-Gad Esther Aarts Céline Amiez Coleen Atkins Jose Bargas Michelle Aarts Bagrat Amirikian Lauren Atlas Steven Barger Lawrence Abbott Nurith Amitai David Attwell Cornelia Bargmann Brandon Abbs Yael Amitai Etienne Audinat Michael Barish Keiko Abe Martine Ammasari-Teule Anthony Auger Philip Barker Nobuhito Abe Katrin Amunts Vanessa Auld Neal Barmack Ted Abel Costas Anastassiou Jesús Avila Gilad Barnea Ute Abraham Beau Ances Karen Avraham Carol Barnes Wickliffe Abraham Richard Andersen Gautam Awatramani Steven Barnes Andrey Abramov Søren Andersen Edward Awh Sue Barnett Hermann Ackermann Adam Anderson Cenk Ayata Michael Barnett-Cowan David Adams Anne Anderson Anthony Azevedo Kevin Barnham Nii Addy Clare Anderson Rony Azouz Scott Barnham Arash Afraz Lucy Anderson Hiroko Baba Colin J. Barnstable Ariel Agmon Matthew Anderson Luiz Baccalá Scott Barnum Adan Aguirre Susan Anderson Stephen Baccus Ralf Baron Geoffrey Aguirre Anuska Andjelkovic Stephen A. Back Pascal Barone Ehud Ahissar Rodrigo Andrade Lars Bäckman Maureen Barr Alaa Ahmed Ole Andreassen Aldo Badiani Luis Barros James Aimone Michael Andres David Badre Andreas Bartels Cheryl Aine Michael Andresen Wolfgang Baehr David Bartés-Fas Michael Aitken Stephen Andrews Mathias Bähr Alison Barth Elias Aizenman Thomas Andrillon Bahador Bahrami Markus Barth Katerina Akassoglou Victor Anggono Richard Baines Simon Barthelme Schahram Akbarian Fabrice Ango Jaideep Bains Edward Bartlett Colin Akerman María Cecilia Angulo Wyeth Bair Timothy Bartness Huda Akil Laurent Aniksztejn Victoria Bajo-Lorenzana Marisa Bartolomei Michael Akins Lucio Annunziato David Baker Marlene Bartos Emre Aksay Daniel Ansari Harriet Baker Jason Bartz Kaat Alaerts Mark S. -
Four Hours a Day.”
Notes & Additional Resources - Focus & Excellence “How we deploy our attention determines what we see,” Anne Treisman – Prof. Princeton University “Information consumes the attention of its recipients, therefore a wealth of information creates a poverty of attention,” Herbert Simon, Nobel economist… A poverty of attention results in a lack of focus, and thus diluted excellence. “Mind’s Limit Found: 4 Things at Once,” Clara Moskowitz LiveScience, April 27, 2008 “The most precious resource in a computer system is no longer its processor, memory, disk or network, but rather human attention,” Carnegie Mellon University researchers David Garlan et al., Pervasive Computing, 2002 “About half of a humans thoughts are daydreams,” Eric Klinger Handbook of Imagination and Mental Stimulation, 2009 “Imagination is more important than knowledge,” Albert Einstein What Life Means to Einstein, 1929 “Perhaps we should consider that when our thoughts wander, rather than wandering away from what counts, we may be wandering toward something of value,” Kalina Christoff Brain Research, 2012 “Benefits come from adjusting your execution over and over to get closer to your goal, rather than mechanical repetition,” Anders Ericsson Florida State University on the 10,000 hour rule of thumb. “You have to continuously tweak, allowing for more errors at first. Also, focused attention gets fatigued and as such world-class competitors in any discipline typically limit arduous practice to no more than about four hours a day.” Trent Leopold [email protected] Suggested Additional Resources – • Daniel Goleman, FOCUS The Hidden Driver of Excellence. New York: HarperCollins, 2013. • Thomas Davenport and John Beck, The Attention Economy: Understanding the New Currency of Business. -
Cfa in the News ~ Week Ending 3 January 2010
Wolbach Library: CfA in the News ~ Week ending 3 January 2010 1. New social science research from G. Sonnert and co-researchers described, Science Letter, p40, Tuesday, January 5, 2010 2. 2009 in science and medicine, ROGER SCHLUETER, Belleville News Democrat (IL), Sunday, January 3, 2010 3. 'Science, celestial bodies have always inspired humankind', Staff Correspondent, Hindu (India), Tuesday, December 29, 2009 4. Why is Carpenter defending scientists?, The Morning Call, Morning Call (Allentown, PA), FIRST ed, pA25, Sunday, December 27, 2009 5. CORRECTIONS, OPINION BY RYAN FINLEY, ARIZONA DAILY STAR, Arizona Daily Star (AZ), FINAL ed, pA2, Saturday, December 19, 2009 6. We see a 'Super-Earth', TOM BEAL; TOM BEAL, ARIZONA DAILY STAR, Arizona Daily Star, (AZ), FINAL ed, pA1, Thursday, December 17, 2009 Record - 1 DIALOG(R) New social science research from G. Sonnert and co-researchers described, Science Letter, p40, Tuesday, January 5, 2010 TEXT: "In this paper we report on testing the 'rolen model' and 'opportunity-structure' hypotheses about the parents whom scientists mentioned as career influencers. According to the role-model hypothesis, the gender match between scientist and influencer is paramount (for example, women scientists would disproportionately often mention their mothers as career influencers)," scientists writing in the journal Social Studies of Science report (see also ). "According to the opportunity-structure hypothesis, the parent's educational level predicts his/her probability of being mentioned as a career influencer (that ism parents with higher educational levels would be more likely to be named). The examination of a sample of American scientists who had received prestigious postdoctoral fellowships resulted in rejecting the role-model hypothesis and corroborating the opportunity-structure hypothesis. -
Astronomy and Astrophysics
THE DECADE OF DISCOVERY IN ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee Board on Physics and Astronomy Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications National Research Council NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS Washington, D.C. 1991 NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS • 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW • Washington, DC 20418 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special compe_nces and with regard for appropriate balance. This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. This project was supported by the Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FGO5- 89ER40421, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation under Grant No. AST-8901685, the Naval Research Laboratory under Contract No. N00173-90-M-9744, and the Smithsonian Institution under Purchase Order No. SF0022430000. Additional support was provided by the Maurice Ewing Earth and Planetary Sciences Fund of the National Academy of Sciences created through a gift from the Palisades Geophysical Institute, Inc., and an anonymous donor. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Research Council (U.S.). Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee. The decade of discovery in astronomy and astrophysics / Astronomy and Astrophysics Survey Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council.