APRIL 2017

APRIL 2018 — MARCH 2019 ANNUAL REPORT FY 2018 HUMAN FRONTIER SCIENCE PROGRAM ORGANIZATION

The Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO) is unique, supporting international collaboration to undertake innovative, risky, basic research at the frontier of the life sciences. Special emphasis is given to the support and training of independent young investigators, beginning at the postdoctoral level. The Program is implemented by an international organisation, supported financially by Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Nothern Ireland, the United States of America, and the European Commission. Since 1990, over 7000 researchers from more than 70 countries have been supported. Of these, 28 HFSP awardees have gone on to receive the Nobel Prize.

2 The following documents are available on the HFSP website www.hfsp.org:

 Joint Communiqués (Tokyo 1992, Washington 1997, Berlin 2002, Bern 2004, Ottawa 2007, Canberra 2010, Brussels 2013, London 2016): https://www.hfsp.org/about/governance/membership

Statutes of the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization: https://www.hfsp.org/about/governance/hfspo-statutes

Guidelines for the participation of new members in HFSPO: https://www.hfsp.org/about/governance/membership

General reviews of the HFSP (1996, 2001, 2006-2007, 2010, 2018): https://www.hfsp.org/about/strategy/reviews

Updated and previous lists of awards, including titles and abstracts: http://www.hfsp.org/awardees/awards 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

Board of Trustees 8 President’s Message 10 Introducing HFSPO 13 Report of the Secretary General 15

CHAPTER 1 - FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM

The aims of the fellowship program 20 Selection of HFSP Fellowships awarded in March 2019 21 Fellowship Review Committee 24 Awardees Lists: 26 List of Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships awarded in March 2019 (initiated in FY2019) 26 Frontier Fellowship Awards initiated in FY 2018 36

CHAPTER 2 - CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARD

Aims of the CDA 40 Selection of Career Development Awards awarded in March 2019 41 The CDA Review Committee 43 Awardees lists: 44 List of Career Development Awards awarded in March 2019 (initiated in FY2019) 44 Example of Frontier Career Development Awards initiated in FY 2018 46

4 — TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 3 – RESEARCH GRANT PROGRAM

Selection of HFSP Research Grants awarded in March 2019 50 The 2019 HFSP Grant Review Committee 52 Awardees Lists: 54 Research Grants awarded in March 2019 (initiated in FY 2019) 54 Example of Frontier Research Grants initiated in FY 2018 66

CHAPTER 4 - THE SCIENCE OF HFSP

Highlights 72 HFSP Meetings, Seminars and Talks 73 The 2019 HFSP Nakasone Award 77 The 2018 Review of HFSP Programs 78 New Awards in Frontier Science 79 Great minds at work: honours and prizes 83

CHAPTER 5 - FINANCE

HFSPO Members’ funding 92 FY 2018-2019 Financial summary 93 Statement of financial position 101

APPENDIX

A1 Joint Communiqué of the Intergovernmental Conference 106 on the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization, London, 10 June 2016 A2 Summary of decisions of the Board of Trustees in FY 2018 114 A3 Council of Scientists 116 A4 Secretariat 117

TABLE OF CONTENTS — 5 Introduction Introduction

Board of Trustees 8 President’s Message 10 Introducing HFSPO 13 Report of the Secretary General 15 Board of Trustees

PRESIDENT Shigekazu NAGATA, University of Osaka, Japan

VICE-PRESIDENTS Pierre CHAREST, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council, Canada (until January 2019) Theresa GOOD, National Science Foundation, USA Rein AASLAND, University of Oslo, Norway

TREASURER Mark PALMER, Medical Research Council, UK

AUSTRALIA Anne KELSO, National Health and Medical Research Council

CANADA Pierre CHAREST, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (until January 2019) Danika GOOSNEY, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (from February 2019) Anne MARTIN-MATTHEWS, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (until November 2018) Adrian MOTA, Canadian Institutes of Health Research (from January 2019)

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Philippe CUPERS, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation Line MATTHIESSEN, Directorate-General for Research and Innovation (until July 2018)

FRANCE Jacques DEMOTES-MAINARD, Ministry of Higher Education and Research

GERMANY Eva NOURNEY, Federal Ministry of Education and Research Ingrid OHLERT, German Research Council

INDIA Satyajit RATH, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (until July 2018) Apurva SARIN, National Centre for Biological Sciences (from August 2018)

8 — INTRODUCTION ITALY Piergiorgio STRATA, University of Turin Glauco TOCCHINI-VALENTINI, National Research Council

JAPAN Nobutaka HIROKAWA, University of Tokyo (until July 2018) Shigekazu NAGATA, University of Osaka (from July 2018) Toichi SAKATA, Japan Space Forum

REPUBLIC OF KOREA Bohyon JANG, Ministry of Science & ICT (until April 2018) Kyung-Hee SONG, Ministry of Science & ICT (from April 2018) Yoo-Hun SUH, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University

NEW ZEALAND Richard BEASLEY, Medical Research Institute of New Zealand (until March 2019) Andrew MERCER, University of Otago (from March 2019)

NORWAY Rein AASLAND, University of Oslo

SINGAPORE Teck-Hua HO, National University of Singapore (until August 2018) San LING, Nanyang Technical University (from August 2018) Teck-Seng LOW, National Research Foundation

SWITZERLAND Isabella BERETTA, State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation Pierre MAGISTRETTI, EPFL and Lausanne University

UNITED KINGDOM Mark PALMER, Medical Research Council Melanie WELHAM, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Roger GLASS, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health Theresa GOOD, National Science Foundation

INTRODUCTION — 9 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE

New beginnings

2018 was a year of new beginnings; for me, on my election as President, for my colleague Theresa Good as Vice President, and for four new Board members appointed to represent Canada, India, Korea and Singapore. We are deeply indebted to those who have passed us the baton, particularly Prof. Nobutaka Hirokawa, who served as President for two terms, Vice Presidents Mark Palmer, Pierre Charest and Rein Aasland. I thank the Board too for its sage custodianship of the Organization. HFSP awards are themselves new beginnings, a new community, a new network. Excellent science grows from the body of knowledge built up by the community of Shigekazu Nagata scientists, but HFSP Research Grants push researchers one step President of HFSPO beyond to a new collaboration, a new project, with new collaborators and with different expertise. In the 2019 competition, the Board approved 25 Program Grants and 9 Young Investigator Grants for exciting international, interdisciplinary, frontier– extending collaborations. We also awarded 79 Long-Term Fellowships and 10 Cross-

10 — INTRODUCTION Disciplinary Fellowships to now mirrored in many countries the Awardees Meeting, Toronto, postdoctoral researchers seeking around the world. we honoured Svante Pääbo with to broaden their expertise or While HFSP Research Grants the 2018 HFSP Nakasone Award make the bold move from another and Fellowships look forward to for his discovery of the extent discipline such as physics, paradigm shifts yet to come, the to which hybridization with chemistry or mathematics, into HFSP Nakasone Award honours Neanderthals and Denisovans has biology in preparation for a career scientists who have already been shaped the evolution of modern in frontier research. In addition, we successful in carrying out frontier- humans, and his development of awarded 15 Career Development moving research in biology, techniques for sequencing DNA Awards, in this last round of opening up new opportunities for from fossils. awards for this scheme, which is another generation of scientists. At

Preparing for the future

In 2016, the Board commissioned an international scientific review to be the cornerstone of future strategic thinking. The result was the report of the International Scientific Review Committee (ISRC), itself based on the findings of a commissioned qualitative and quantitative analysis (http://www.hfsp.org/hfsp-news-events/hfspo-publishes-2018-review- its-programs). Both analyses confirmed HFSPO in its mission to frontier science, stating that HFSP programs are “unique in combining impact, multidisciplinary collaboration and interdisciplinary research at the same time.” The outcome of the bibliometric studies was conclusive, remarking that “all the indicators point to the high impact level of the scientific outcomes.” In particular, “bibliometric comparisons with other national or international funders, all much larger than HFSP, are stunningly convincing that the scientific returns on investment are significantly above world average.” Science Metrix concluded that “HFSP awardees primarily contributed to advances in the field through the identification of new research questions, new concepts and novel research approaches or methods”, and that “HFSP funding helped them to achieve major scientific advances such as shifts in paradigms and creation of new research fields/subfields.” In addition to scientific review, over a number of years now, the Board has undertaken a reform of governance to ensure that the Organization is equipped for the challenges of future funding. Review of the Statutes brought greater clarity about roles and responsibilities at all levels of governance and management while review of financial burden sharing by HFSPO Members and a desire for greater equity led to adoption of GDP as the basis of calculating voluntary contributions. This will be implemented in the financial table 2020-2022, annexed to the Joint Communique, published by the Triennial Conference of HFSPO Members (TCHM) in Tokyo, July 2019.

INTRODUCTION — 11 Marking milestones

Renewed and reinvigorated by reform, 2019 marks the 30th anniversary of the agreement to establish HFSPO signed by the G7 Presidents and Prime Ministers in 1989. This important milestone invites a broader view of past success and future challenges in the next decade and at celebrations in Washington (May), Tokyo (July) and Strasbourg (November), there will be opportunities to celebrate the stellar success of researchers who have already gone on from their HFSP award to win illustrious prizes and pursue distinguished careers. We will also express our appreciation to funders, who set aside precious resources to keep the unique vision of HFSP alive, and to peer reviewers on whose dedication the whole enterprise depends. But perhaps, most of all, we will be in expectation of what creative young minds are yet to accomplish, charting new frontiers where ‘eye has not seen, nor ear heard’, for the benefit of their peers and all humankind.

12 — INTRODUCTION INTRODUCING HFSPO

The Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO) is an international cooperation in life science research supported by the world’s leading scientific countries. It promotes fundamental research in the life sciences through its Program with special emphasis on novel and interdisciplinary research, international and, in particular, intercontinental collaboration and support for young investigators. The life sciences have emerged as a leading scientific area with a convergence of interest from other disciplines such as physics, mathematics, chemistry, computer science and engineering to solve biological questions. HFSP aims to support frontier research by involving scientists from outside the life sciences as part of research collaborations Left to right: and as postdoctoral fellows. Warwick ANDERSON, HFSP implements its Program through the following mechanisms of Jill HUSSER research support, details of which can be found in the subsequent and Hideki MIZUMA chapters:

Postdoctoral Fellowships Long-Term Fellowships – for young life scientists within three years of obtaining their PhD who wish to broaden their scientific experience in a foreign laboratory. Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships – specifically for scientists with a PhD in non-biological disciplines who seek training in the life sciences.

Research Grants Young Investigator Grants – grants for interdisciplinary teams of young researchers who are within the first five years of their first independent positions and located in different countries. Program Grants – for interdisciplinary teams of researchers in different countries at any stage of their careers.

Since 1990, 1124 Research Grants, involving 4109 scientists, and 3241 Fellowships have been awarded and since 2003, 246 Career Development Awards have been made. Researchers from more than 70 countries have received HFSPO funding so far.

INTRODUCTION — 13 HFSP supports the next generation of researchers who are in the strongest position to open new avenues of research, through the Fellowship programs, the Career Development Award and the Young Investigator Grant. Program Grant teams are also encouraged to include young scientists with the result that a significant number of scientists under the age of 40 are included in awarded teams. One of the cornerstones of support for young researchers are the HFSP postdoctoral fellowships. By enabling the brightest young scientists to conduct research in the best laboratories across the world and to move into new areas of research, HFSP Fellowships provide them with the experience and training necessary to prepare themselves for the fast- moving scientific world. The Young Investigator and Program Grants are also specifically geared to fostering interactions between scientists from different disciplines and this is a major factor in the review of applications in these programs. In a further commitment to interdisciplinarity, HFSP supports Cross‑Disciplinary Fellowships to equip young scientists from outside biology with the skills needed to tackle problems in the life sciences. All together, approximately 70 % of annual HFSP funds are awarded to early career researchers. From 2003 to 2019, HFSP Career Development Awards were available for HFSP fellows at the end of their fellowships, on a competitive basis. HFSP funding compliments national programs to enable collaborations in a scientific landscape that changes fast. Novel approaches coming from different disciplines hold great promise to address the most important problems in understanding complex life. The challenge for all scientists is to look beyond their original expertise and broaden their horizons by working with collaborators they have never interacted with before and by moving into new fields of research. HFSP is at the forefront of such interdisciplinary, collaborative research. Through its different funding schemes, it supports frontier, potentially transformative ‘out-of-the-box’ proposals and encourages applications for high-risk/high-reward projects. Awarded projects challenge existing paradigms by using novel approaches and techniques; they address important problems and barriers to progress in the field. HFSPO is governed by the Board of Trustees composed of appointees from HFSP Members, currently Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and the European Commission. HFSP’s Council of Scientists provides scientific advice to the Board of Trustees. The Board is supported by the HFSP Secretariat, located in Strasbourg, France, and is directed by the Secretary General. Its legal status is an Association established in Alsace (Grand Est), France. The Member countries support HFSPO through voluntary contributions which are agreed at a Triennial Conference of HFSP Members.

14 — INTRODUCTION REPORT OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL

Warwick ANDERSON Secretary General of HFSPO

Thirty years ago, the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO) was launched and so we are celebrating HFSPO’s 30th birthday this year. The first awards for frontier science research in the Human Frontier Science Program (the Program) were made in 1990. As the Cold War came to an end, the desire of the HFSPO founders included the hope, the belief, that science was a powerful way to promote international cooperation, collaboration and dialogue. Japan and its G7 partners, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, the UK and USA, initiated the Program and over the last 30 years other European countries through the E.U./E.C, Switzerland, Norway, the Republic of Korea, India, New Zealand, Australia and Singapore have joined. From the beginning, HFSPO emphasised the value of world-wide collaboration. Research Grants are for collaborations: for small teams of scientists whose individual members have never worked together in the past and who are from different scientific disciplines.

INTRODUCTION — 15 In adopting this philosophy in 1989, the world’s leaders signalled their belief that scientific collaboration was a crucial part of the future. We award around 30 Research Grants each year, from 700-1000 initial letter of intent applications. The teams must be new; made up of scientists who have not worked together before and who propose a project that is new for each of them. Only frontier extending research is funded. No preliminary results are required. The members of the team should be intercontinental – that is, they should be a combination of researchers from the different regions of the world. Currently, scientists from 32 different countries are being supported by Research Grants. In all, over the 30 years, scientists from 50 countries have held a Research Grant. HFSPO takes the same approach to our postdoctoral fellowships. Here too you can see reflected the aims of the founders to promote the philosophy of international collaboration. Postdocs from anywhere in the world can apply. The requirement is that they must change fields, must propose a frontier research project, and must move to a new country. In all, scientists from 69 nationalities have been awarded HFSP Fellowships. There is another particularly unique feature of our Fellowships scheme. We offer postdoctoral fellowships to PhDs from outside biology. The Cross- Disciplinary Fellowships are for non-biologists to work on a frontier life science project. They are for PhDs in fields such as physics, engineering, IT, chemistry and mathematics, to pursue a project in frontier life sciences in a top international life science research lab.

Highest quality fundamental science often yields the most unexpected results as can be seen in many stories on the HFSPO website. This shows the wisdom of those Presidents and Prime Ministers 30 years ago who adopted the mission of HFSP to “promote, through international cooperation basic research focused on the elucidation of the sophisticated and complex mechanisms of living organisms and to make the fullest possible utilization of the research results for the benefit of all humankind.” The value of high quality basic research is perfectly exemplified by the most recent Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine, to Tasuku Honjo of Japan and James Allison of the USA. Honjo and Allison set cancer treatment on the path of today’s revolution of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation. At the time he was initiating his work that led to the Nobel Prize, Dr Honjo was a member of the Review Committee for the HFSP Fellowships and 10 of his PhD students went on to receive HFSP Fellowship support. In turn, James Allison has hosted a number of HFSP Fellows in his lab too over the years. HFSPO is the major fully international funder in the life sciences. Thirty years of commitment by the world’s leading scientific research countries is greatly appreciated by the world’s life scientists and demonstrates their commitment to high quality interdisciplinary research through international collaboration.

16 — INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION — 17 Chapter 1 Fellowship Program Fellowship Program

The aims of the fellowship program 20 Selection of HFSP Fellowships awarded in March 2019 21 Fellowship Review Committee 24 Awardees Lists: 26 List of Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships awarded in March 2019 (initiated in FY2019) 26 Example of Frontier Fellowship Awards initiated in FY 2018 36 1.1 INTRODUCTION

Long-Term Fellowships (LTF) Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships HFSP offers are for applicants with a PhD (CDF) are for applicants with in a biological discipline who a PhD from outside the life two types of will broaden their expertise by sciences (e.g. in physics, proposing a project in the life chemistry, mathematics, postdoctoral sciences which is significantly engineering or computer different from their previous PhD sciences) who want to apply fellowships or postdoctoral work. their knowledge to a biological problem.

All HFSP Fellowships are for three years and provide an annual living allowance as well as a research and travel allowance. In addition, child, parental leave and relocation allowances are provided where appropriate.

All HFSP Fellowships must be taken up in a laboratory in a different country to their PhD. Applicants from a country that is not a member of HFSPO, must hold their fellowship in a HFSPO member country.

HFSP Fellowships are flexible. For example, awardees can defer the third year of their fellowship for up to two years and can also use the third year in a different country or in their home country. At the end of the fellowship, the awardees can request a 6-month no-cost extension to spend any remaining funds in their host lab. At HFSPO we believe that such flexibility is crucial for allowing fellows to make the most of their postdoctoral training.

In 2018, HFSPO received 661 applications from 54 countries. In March 2019, 89 Fellowships were awarded – 79 Long-Term and 10 Cross- Disciplinary Fellowships. These fellowships will be taken up in 15 different host countries.

20 — CHAPTER 1 1.2 SELECTION OF HFSP FELLOWSHIPS AWARDED IN MARCH 2019

The competition was dominated by applicants from non-member countries (166 applications in total), indicating that HFSPO is well-known beyond the member countries, (Figure 1.1 and Table 1.1) followed by candidates from Europe, India, France and Germany. In total there were 661 applications submitted for the most recent fellowship competition, out of which 580 were reviewed.

Figure 1.1 Nationality of fellowship applicants in 2019

166 Other* 21 Canada 92 Europe 16 Korea 90 India 14 United Kingdom 48 France 3 Australia 38 Germany 3 New Zealand 32 Japan 2 Switzerland 31 United States of America 1 Singapore 23 Italy

*Other: dual nationalities and non-HFSPO countries (Algeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, Taiwan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Venezuela, Vietnam)

In March 2019, HFSPO announced the next cohort of HFSP Fellowship awards. There were applications from 54 countries, and fellowships were awarded to scientists of 25 different nationalities (see Table 1.1). In the category for the Long-Term Fellowships, 79 young researchers were awarded the precious funding and 10 new awards will support Cross-Disciplinary Fellows.

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 21 Table 1.1 Nationalities of Long-Term (LTF) and Cross-Disciplinary (CDF) Fellowship applicants and awardees for FY 2019

CDF Nationality LTF applicants LTF awardees applicants CDF awardees Total awardees

Australia 3

Canada 20 6 1 6

Europe 85 16 7 1 17

France 44 5 4 5

Germany 34 7 4 7

India 76 3 14 1 4

Italy 21 5 2 5

Japan 29 3 3 2 5

Korea 15 5 1 5

New Zealand 2 1 1 1

Norway

Singapore 1

Switzerland 2 2 2

United Kingdom 13 4 1 1 5

United States of 30 4 1 4 America

Other* 141 21 25 2 23

TOTAL 514 79 66 10 89

*Other: dual nationalities and non-HFSPO countries (Algeria, Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Nigeria, Pakistan, Russia, Taiwan, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Venezuela, Vietnam)

22 — CHAPTER 1 HFSP fellows chose host labs in a wide range of countries. Since 1990, HFSP fellows have been hosted in 23 countries. This year 27 host countries were proposed and awards were recommended in 15 countries with 39% of fellows going to laboratories in the USA (Figure 1.2).

Figure 1.2 Host country of Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowship applicants and awardees in FY 2019

APPLICATIONS

245 United States of America 11 Belgium 55 United Kingdom 10 Italy 43 France 9 Israel 41 Germany 8 Denmark 40 Switzerland 7 Spain 26 Canada 5 Japan 20 Australia 5 Portugal 13 Austria 4 Singapore 13 Sweden 13 Other 12 Netherlands

AWARDS

35 United States of America 1 Australia 15 Switzerland 1 Denmark 10 Germany 1 Israel 9 United Kingdom 1 Japan 6 France 1 Luxembourg 3 Canada 1 Netherlands 2 Austria 1 Portugal 2 Singapore

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 23 1.3 THE 2019 FELLOWSHIP REVIEW COMMITTEE

CHAIR Peter KOOPMAN, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

AUSTRALIA Michelle DUNSTONE, Monash University, Melbourne Peter KOOPMAN, The University of Queensland, Brisbane

CANADA Anja GEITMANN, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue Tania WATTS, University of Toronto

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Kirstine BERG-SORENSEN, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark Cayetano GONZALEZ, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain Roland KANAAR, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Angela NIETO, Instituto de Neurociencias, CSIC-UMH, San Juan de Alicante, Spain Vera VAN NOORT, KU Leuven, Belgium Peter KOOPMAN FRANCE Chair of the Fellowship Daniel RIVELINE, IGBMC, Strasbourg Pierre SENS, Institut Curie, Paris Review Committee

GERMANY Patrik KRIEGER, Ruhr-University Bochum Robert RUSSELL, University of Heidelberg

24 — CHAPTER 1 INDIA Nagasuma CHANDRA, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore Saman HABIB, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow Shubha TOLE, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai

JAPAN Shin ISHII, Kyoto University

SINGAPORE Walter HUNZIKER, National University of Singapore Shyam PRABHAKAR, Genome Institute of Singapore

SWITZERLAND Konrad BASLER, University of Zurich Niko GELDNER, University of Lausanne Marcos GONZALEZ-GAITAN, University of Geneva Thomas NEVIAN, University of Bern

UNITED KINGDOM Adam EYRE-WALKER, University of Sussex, Brighton

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Marina PICCIOTTO, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven Joseph PUGLISI, Stanford University

DELEGATE FROM THE COUNCIL OF SCIENTISTS Thomas DANIEL, University of Washington, Seattle, USA

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 25 1.4 AWARDEES LISTS

1.3.1 Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships awarded in March 2019 (to begin in FY 2019)

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY FELLOWSHIPS (NATIONALITY OF AWARDEES IN BRACKETS)

How do populations of identical cells break symmetry? A novel data- driven approach using gastruloids CHEESEMAN Bevan (New Zealand) University of Cambridge, UK

The microscale biophysics of toxin dispersion during harmful algal blooms DHAR Jayabrata (India) University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Deep-tissue voltage imaging in the intact mouse brain HONTANI Yusaku (Japan) Cornell University, Ithaca, USA

Design and assembly of hierarchical hybrid hydrogels from natural materials LAFLEUR René (The Netherlands) University of Melbourne, Australia

Modelling aging from the genome to the organ: a multiscale approach LAGGER Cyril (Switzerland) University of Liverpool, UK

Structure and dynamics of intraflagellar transport systems NIEVERGELT Adrian (Switzerland) MPI for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany

Identifying cell-cell interaction principles that shape spatiotemporal biofilm development OHMURA Takuya (Japan) Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany

26 — CHAPTER 1 Understanding synaptic diversity using quantitative single-molecule localization microscopy SUN Chao (China) MPI for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

Cellular resolution neuronal activation and recording in freely moving flies and fish VO Doan Tat Thang (Vietnam) University of Freiburg, Germany

Applying surface chemistry techniques to study electron-transfer in conductive proteins and biofilms WOOD Mary (UK) EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

LONG-TERM FELLOWSHIPS (NATIONALITY OF AWARDEES IN BRACKETS)

The role of neuro-immunological memory in response to enteric infections AHRENDS Tomasz (Poland) Rockefeller University, New York, USA

The role of tanycytes in temperature and metabolic regulation AMBROZIAK Wojciech (Poland) University of Heidelberg, Germany

Investigating the role of muscles in morphological plasticity of sea anemone Nematostella vectensis ANZO Marie (Japan) EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany

Cell-cell contacts in tissue patterning and evolution BARONE Vanessa (Italy) UC San Diego, La Jolla, USA

Exploring the role of the tumor vasculature in brain metastasis BEJARANO Leire (Spain) University of Lausanne, Switzerland

Synaptic basis of temporal learning BENDER Franziska (Germany) Institut Pasteur, Paris, France

Defining how activation of skin and lymph node sensory neurons controls immunity BEN-SHAANAN Tamar (Israel) UC San Francisco, USA

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 27 Epigenetic normalization through engineering of S-adenosyl methionine metabolism BOON Ruben (Belgium) MGH Boston, USA

Generating a global view of cell lineage trees during early mouse embryo development BOWLING Sarah (UK) Boston Children’s Hospital, USA

Dissecting the role of metabolism in cancer genomic instability BURGOS BARRAGAN Guillermo (Spain) Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA

28 — CHAPTER 1 Prochlorococcus cyanophage: lysogenic potential and development of a genetic system CAPOVILLA Giovanna (Italy) MIT, Cambridge, USA

Structural and functional characterization of P-Rex 1/2 in cell signaling and cancer CHAKER-MARGOT Malik (Canada/France) University of Basel, Switzerland

Astroglial bioenergetic control of positive and negative reinforcement COVELO Ana (Spain) University of Bordeaux, France

Elucidating the effects of phenazines on the composition and biogeography of the soil microbiome DAR Daniel (Israel) Caltech, Pasadena, USA

Saturating mutagenesis of the mitochondrial genome in search for critical cis-regulatory elements DAVIDI Dan (Israel/Austria) Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA

Elucidation of Trypanosoma brucei dynamics and biophysical properties in the host adipose tissue DE NIZ Mariana (Mexico) Instituto de Medicina Molecular Joao Lobo Antunes, Lisbon, Portugal

Thalamic modulation of cortico-hippocampal connectivity and memory consolidation during sleep DEL RIO BERMUDEZ Carlos (Spain) University of Bern, Switzerland

28 — CHAPTER 1 Expanding the regulatory role of human KRAB-zinc finger proteins by profiling their RNA interactome ERNST Christina (Germany) EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

Investigating the role of diatom-bacteria interactions in accessing the critical micronutrient iron FRISCHKORN Kyle (USA) Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France

Manipulation of insect vector behaviour by the plant microbiome GEISSMANN Quentin (France) University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Neuromodulatory networks controlling mosquito attraction to humans GIRALDO SANCHEZ Diego (Colombia) Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA

The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying thermodetection by vagal sensory neurons GIZOWSKI Claire (Canada) UC San Francisco, USA

The role of MusD transposable elements in the 3D regulation of the mammalian genome GLASER Juliane (France) MPI for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany

Principles and mechanisms of intergroup contests: understanding social evolution GREEN Patrick (USA) University of Exeter, Penryn, UK

Regulating mammalian mitochondrial homeostasis GUNA Alina-Ioana (Canada/Romania) UC San Francisco, USA

A forward systems biology approach to investigate the origins and fitness effects of de novo proteins HALLIN Johan (Sweden) Institut de Biologie Intégrative et des Systèmes, Québec, Canada

Mechanisms underlying distortions in the neural code induced by sensorineural hearing loss HUANG Chengjie (Canada) University College London, UK

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 29 Investigating the role of transposable elements in 3D genome organisation in vivo JANSZ Natasha (Australia/UK) Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany

Dissecting functional long non-coding RNAs and their working mechanisms JEONG Dae-Eun (Korea) Stanford University, USA

Bacteria versus phage: exploring new strategies in an ancient arms race JONES Stephanie (Canada) MIT, Cambridge, USA

Mechanistic investigation into the driving forces of sensorimotor learning in the visual cortex JORDAN Rebecca (UK) FMI Basel, Switzerland

Explaining evolutionary divergences in epithelial morphogenesis through cell biological innovations KALE Girish (India) University of Heidelberg, Germany

Mechanistic and structural studies of the RNA m6A writer machinery KAZLAUSKIENE Migle (Lithuania) University of Zurich, Switzerland

Unraveling an interdependency between metabolic cluster for the homeostasis of cellular ATP and Pi KIM Geundon (Korea) University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Dissecting the role of intestinal lymphatics in bacteria-derived metabolite transport and signaling KIM Jaeryung (Korea) University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Spatio-molecular dissection of the tumor microenvironment KLUGHAMMER Johanna (Germany) Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, USA

Microenvironmental, epigenomic and clonal dynamics during breast cancer evolution KOTLER Eran (Israel) Stanford University, USA

30 — CHAPTER 1 Systematic identification and functional dissection of non-coding variants in human adaptation KRAGESTEEN Bjoert Katrinardottir (Denmark/Faroe Islands) Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

Evolutionary genetics of stomata-related climate change-adaptation through space and time LANG Patricia (Germany) Stanford University, USA

Mechanisms of electron transport chain supercomplex assembly during ER and nutrient stress LATORRE-MURO Pedro (Spain) Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA

Evolution of functional organization of the eukaryotic genome LEE Junmo (Korea) Gregor Mendel Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Vienna, Austria

Functional characterization of host-microbiome interactions in a tissue-engineered mini-gut LI Hsin-Jung (Taiwan) EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

The molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the sense of balance in Drosophila melanogaster LI Kai (China) UC San Francisco, USA

Genome-wide search for essential noncoding elements using Cpf1 tiling deletion screen LISCOVITCH-BRAUER Noa (Israel) New York Genome Center, USA

Deciphering the coding strategies underlying the selection of active and passive fear responses MARTIN FERNANDEZ Mario (Spain) University of Bordeaux, France

Reconstituting and deciphering the TCR signaling apparatus by DNA nanotechnology MASUBUCHI Takeya (Japan) UC San Diego, USA

Investigating collinear bursts of HoxD genes transcription through live imaging of gastruloid body MAYRAN Alexandre (France/Switzerland) EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 31 Exploring the human fetal microbiome and its role in immune system development MISHRA Archita (India) A*STAR, Singapore

Microbiome manipulation by the host: lessons from early-divergent plant immunity MONTE Isabel (Spain) University of Zurich, Switzerland

The neuronal and genetic regulation of sleep and arousal in zebrafish NICHOLS Annika (Australia/Sweden) University of Basel, Switzerland

A lizards’ tail: the genomics of island adaption NOVOSOLOV Maria (Israel/Russia) University of Copenhagen, Denmark

Neuronal circuit mechanisms mediating the interplay between action selection and internal states ODSTRCIL Iris (Argentina) FMI Basel, Switzerland

Revealing the neural underpinning of learning and decision-making with recurrent neural networks ORLANDI GOMEZ Javier (Spain) RIKEN, Saitama, Japan

Encoding and retrieving positional identity during limb homeostasis and regeneration OTSUKI Leo (UK) Vienna Biocenter, Austria

Mechanical regulation of epithelial cell turnover by Piezo1: proliferation, migration and death PARDO-PASTOR Carlos (Spain) King’s College London, UK

Identification of zygotic genome activation regulators through thermal proteome profiling PERINO Matteo (Italy) EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany

Imaging actomyosin dynamics and in vivo probing of tissue mechanics in mammalian gastruloids PFISTER Katherine (USA) Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille, France

32 — CHAPTER 1 Decoding the rules of root system plasticity PLATRE Matthieu (France) Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, USA

Cross-talk between cell shape and state during fate transitions in embryonic stem cells PÖNISCH Wolfram (Germany) University of Cambridge, UK

Cellular crowd dynamics and control in lymphoid organs POSTAT Jérémy (France) McGill University, Montréal, Canada

Computational de novo design of translational motor proteins PRAETORIUS Florian (Germany) University of Washington, Seattle, USA

Investigating the roles of dormant telomeric origins in response to replication stress PRIEGO MORENO Sara (Spain) Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, USA

Vesicle trafficking: from archaea to eukaryotes PULSCHEN André (Brazil) University College London, UK

An integrated organoid-engineering approach to study human brain development SANTORELLI Marco (Italy) University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA

Survival strategy of anaerobes in human microbiome using radical enzyme-assisted peptide metabolites SUGIYAMA Ryosuke (Japan) National University of Singapore

Circuit mechanisms for visual stability TREMBLAY Robin (Canada) Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland

A new reversible lesion technique for studying the primate brain in naturalistic environments TREMBLAY Sebastien (Canada) University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA

Role of functional connectivity dynamic changes to cognitive control- mood interplay VAGHI Matilde (Italy) Stanford University, USA

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 33 Unraveling regulation of mutagenesis by DNA damage and antibiotic stress responses in single cells VINCENT Maxence (France) University of Oxford, UK

Mechanisms controlling development of aggression VINOGRAD Amit (Israel) Caltech, Pasadena, USA

The neuronal mechanisms of concept formation in social memory VISWANATHAN Pooja (India) Rockefeller University, New York, USA

The coevolution of transposable elements and zinc finger proteins across the vertebrate phylogeny WELLS Jonathan (UK) Cornell University, Ithaca, USA

Tracking mRNA exchange by extracellular vesicles: from delivery to on-site translation WILBERTZ Johannes (Germany) University of Strasbourg, France

Manipulation of linear plasmids in vivo for enhanced homologous recombination WILLIS Julian (UK/Ireland) Harvard University, Cambridge, USA

34 — CHAPTER 1 Elucidating the functional asymmetry of echolocation and communication systems in odontocete brains WRIGHT Alexandra (USA) University of St. Andrews, UK

Designing a new class of protein ligands to control cell surface receptor signaling YANG Aerin (Korea) Stanford University, USA

Single-cell DNA methylation dynamics of stem cell differentiation across intestinal crypts YEUNG Jake (Canada) Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Unwrapping myelin plasticity in health and disease YEUNG WONG Maggie Sui Yan (Sweden) UC San Francisco, USA

Investigating heterochromatin dynamics underlying early development and reprogramming ZHANG Jingchao (China) University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 35 1.5 FRONTIER FELLOWSHIP AWARD INITIATED IN FY 2018

Protein liquid-liquid phase separation as a mechanism of peroxisome matrix membrane transport

Isabel de Oliveira Lima Bacellar Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal, Canada

Proteins in the cell can undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), forming liquid droplets - the so-called “non-membranous organelles”. The Michnick group has shown that protein liquid droplets generate work to drive membrane invagination in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. I propose an entirely new role for protein liquid droplets in membrane biology: protein transmembrane transport. My studies will focus on exploring

© Seckin Sinan Isik Sinan © Seckin a molecular-level mechanism of protein import from the cytosol to the peroxisome lumen, a mysterious process that occurs without the need of proteins being unfolded. Although this process is crucial to peroxisome biogenesis, its mechanisms remain unknown, due to lack of evidence of detectible transmembrane channels in these organelles. The Michnick group has evidence that two of the proteins involved in peroxisome protein translocation (Pex5 and Pex13) have both transmembrane domains and sequences that favour LLPS. My hypothesis is that these proteins form liquid droplets inside the peroxisome membrane (i.e. between the lipid bilayer leaflets), which would act as a conduit for transmembrane protein transport. After being recognized by a C-terminal peroxisome- targeting sequence, the cargo proteins could then dissolve in the droplet and emerge on the other side of the membrane. My studies will employ the budding yeast S. cerevisiae and will mainly use genetic manipulation with super-resolution and electron micrographic methods to characterize liquid droplets. Further spectroscopic and biophysical methods (e.g. fluorescence recovery after photobleaching, FRAP) will be used to assess protein dynamics inside the droplets and transmembrane protein transport. 36 — CHAPTER 1 Protein liquid-liquid phase separation as a mechanism of peroxisome matrix membrane transport

FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM — 37 Chapter 2 Career Development Award The aims of the CDA 40 Selection of Career Development Awards awarded in March 2019 41 The CDA Review Committee 43 Awardees lists: 44 List of Career Development Awards awarded in March 2019 (initiated in FY2019) 44 Example of Frontier Career Development Awards initiated in FY 2018 46 2.1 AIMS OF THE CDA

The goal of the Career Development Award (CDA) program is to help former HFSP fellows establish and operate their first independent laboratory. The three-year award provides 300 000 USD in support during a critical period of early career development, supplementing the investments of the host institution. CDA holders can use the award flexibly to achieve the best outcomes for their particular research. Typically, the funds are used to cover the costs of research associated with the awardee’s laboratory (e.g., salaries of students and postdocs, equipment and reagents, conferences, etc). In general, the host institutions are expected to contribute additional resources to support the awardees and their independent research program.

Applicants for the CDA are expected to propose an original and innovative frontier research project that holds promise for the development of new approaches to solve problems in the life sciences and with the potential to advance the field of research significantly.

Since its establishment, similar programs have been introduced in many of the countries that support HFSPO. In 2018, the Board of Trustees therefore decided to terminate the CDA program and to focus its resources on frontier, collaborative, interdisciplinary research (Program Grants and Young Investigator Grants) and on career-enhancing fellowships for postdocs (HFSP Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships). Thus, there will be no call for applications from 2019 onwards.

40 — CHAPTER 2 2.2 SELECTION OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARDS FROM MARCH 2019

In 2019, out of the 55 submitted applications, a total of 15 were selected for funding and the awardees laboratories are located in Australia, China, France, Germany, Israel, Italy and Japan (the complete list of awards is available in section 2.3).

Table 2.1 The number of applicants, awardees and the success rates for the HFSP Career Development Award since 2003

Award year Number of applications Number of awards Success rate (%) Female awardees (%) 2003 22 8 37 0 2004 41 17 42 29 2005 47 18 38 11 2006 51 29 57 21 2007 48 24 50 25 2008 57 20 35 25 2009 49 24 49 8 2010 47 16 34 13 2011 40 9 23 11 2012 55 8 15 25 2013 66 8 12 13 2014 62 13 21 31 2015 63 8 13 25 2016 57 8 14 25 2017 61 10 16 30 2018 57 11 19 27 2019 55 15 27 27 TOTAL 878 246 28 20

HFSP has seeded new faculty in many different countries since the inception of this program (see Figure 2.1 and 2.2)

CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARD — 41 Figure 2.1 Host countries for Career Development Awards from 2003-2019

37 France 12 Argentina, Australia, India (4 each) 37 Israel 8 Switzerland 36 Germany 6 United Kingdom 27 Japan 6 Austria, Sweden (3 Each) 22 Canada 6 Brazil, Czech Republic, Finland, 18 Spain, USA (9 each) Greece, Hungary, Taiwan (1 Each) 15 Belgium, China, Italy (5 each) 4 Denmark, Korea (2 Each) 12 Netherlands

Figure 2.2 Nationalities of the applicants for the Career Development Awards from 2003 – 2019

35 Germany 14 Canada 33 France 16 Austria, Belgium, India, 32 Israel Switzerland (4 Each) 28 Japan 10 Argentina, Denmark, Korea, 25 Brazil, Czech Republic, Finland, Portugal, Sweden (2 Each) Hungary, Poland, Taiwan, 11 Netherlands 19 Dual Nationalities (1 Each) 10 Spain 12 Australia, Greece, 9 Italy Israel/USA, United Kingdom 6 Usa (3 Each) 5 China

42 — CHAPTER 2 2.3 THE 2019 CDA REVIEW COMMITTEE

CHAIR Declan BATES, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Luciano DI CROCE, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona, Spain

FRANCE Bruno GOUD, Curie Institute, Paris

GERMANY Anne-Claude GAVIN, EMBL, Heidelberg

ITALY Diego DI BERNARDO, Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli Declan BATES Chair of the CDA Review JAPAN Committee Gohta GOSHIMA, Nagoya University

KOREA Joo-Yeon YOO, POSTECH, Pohang

UK Declan BATES, University of Warwick, Coventry

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Federica BRANDIZZI, Michigan State University, East Lansing Adrienne FAIRHALL, University of Washington, Seattle Joshua SHAEVITZ, Princeton University

DELEGATE FROM THE COUNCIL OF SCIENTISTS Vincent EIJSINK, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway

CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARD — 43 2.4 AWARDEES LISTS

Career Development Awards awarded in March 2019 (nationalities of awardees in brackets; host countries of LTF in bold)

Probing the molecular mechanism of SNARE-complex disassembly by NSF BAO Huan (China; USA) University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China

T-lymphocyte exhaustion in the 3D tumor microenvironment BAVA Felice Alessio (Italy; USA) Curie Institute, Orsay, France

Protein surfactants - a general principle for cellular organization? CUYLEN-HAERING Sara (Germany; Austria) EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany

Elucidating the biological impact of precise genome editing in hematopoietic stem cells DI MICCO Raffaella (Italy;USA ) San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy

Spatial representation and sensory processing in cortical areas and hippocampus during navigation FOURNIER Julien (France; Germany) Université de la Sorbonne, Paris, France

The gut microbiota diversity and its physiological significance GEVA-ZATORSKY Naama (Israel; USA) Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

Understanding the structural basis regulating spindle size and architecture GIBEAUX Romain (France; USA) CNRS / University of Rennes, France

44 — CHAPTER 2 Exploiting exosome biology to design polyvalent targeting strategies for in situ cell programming KOJIMA Ryosuke (Japan; Switzerland) The University of Tokyo, Japan

Neuronal processing of social information in freely behaving animals LI Ying (China; USA) Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China

Neural mechanisms of vocal production control in echolocating bats LUO Jinhong (China; USA) Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China

Molecular mechanisms for protein synthesis dependent, long-term memory MIKUNI Takayasu (Japan; USA) Niigata University Brain Research Institute, Japan

Chasing entelechy: cell interactions and collective behaviours underlying organ growth regulation ROSELLO DIEZ Alberto (Spain; USA) Monash University, Clayton, Australia

Coordination of mitochondria biogenesis and cell growth SCHMOLLER Kurt (Austria; USA) Helmholtz Zentrum, Munich, Germany

Revealing the functional roles of cell-specific DNA methylation following implantation STELZER Yonatan (Israel; USA) Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

A molecular approach to brain sexual dimorphism: cell types and circuits in the medial amygdala ZEISEL Amit (Israel; Sweden) Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARD — 45 2.5 FRONTIER CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARD INITIATED IN FY 2018

Towards a quantitative understanding of the mechanistic coupling of X-inactivation and pluripotency

46 — CHAPTER 2 Edda Schulz

Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany

During embryonic development a series of gene expression programs are executed in a tightly controlled, quantitative manner. A multitude of developmental processes must progress in a highly coordinated fashion governed by complex gene-regulatory networks. To elucidate

the regulatory principles that allow the coordinated execution of © David Aussenhofer multiple developmental processes this project investigates the interplay between X-chromosome inactivation and cellular differentiation. The interaction occurs during early embryogenesis of mammals and can be recapitulated in female mouse embryonic stem cells in cell culture. X-inactivation is initiated by up-regulation of the long non-coding RNA Xist, which will mediate gene silencing of the entire chromosome in cis. Xist up-regulation is thought to be triggered by down-regulation of pluripotency factors that repress Xist in undifferentiated cells.

X-inactivation will also feed back into the differentiation process, suggesting a more complex interplay between these two events. Several experimental and theoretical approaches to elucidate the structure and function of the underlying regulatory network are combined. CRISPR-based screens will be performed to identify key regulators that mediate these interactions and perform quantitative perturbation experiments of the identified factors. These data sets allow to discriminate between alternative topologies of the underlying regulatory network and to develop a quantitative predictive mathematical model. The project tries to increase a quantitative understanding of a complex regulatory network that governs early mammalian development.

CAREER DEVELOPMENT AWARD — 47 Chapter 3 Research Grant Program Selection of HFSP Research Grants awarded in March 2019 50 The 2019 HFSP Grant Review Committee 52 Awardees Lists: 54 Research Grants awarded in March 2019 (initiated in FY 2019) 54 Example of Frontier Research Grants initiated in FY 2018 66 3.1 SELECTION OF HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS AWARDED IN MARCH 2019

HFSP Research Grants support innovative basic research into fundamental biological problems with emphasis placed on novel and interdisciplinary approaches that involve scientific exchanges across national and disciplinary boundaries.

Research projects that are funded are at the frontiers of knowledge and entail risk. HFSP Research Grants are interdisciplinary and participation of scientists from disciplines outside the traditional life sciences such as biophysics, chemistry, computational biology, computer science, engineering, mathematics, nanoscience or physics is strong, as biological research has become increasingly quantitative. These interdisciplinary collaborations have opened up new approaches for understanding the complex structures and regulatory networks that characterize living organisms, their evolution and interactions.

There are two types of Research Grants, the Young Investigator Grants and the Program Grants. Both are constituted of international, and preferably intercontinental, teams of two to four scientists having their laboratories in different countries.

In summary for this year, from the 814 letters of intent submitted in March 2018, the HFSPO Board of Trustees approved 34 awards of which 9 went to Young Investigator teams and 25 to teams for Program Grants.

The breakdown of the two-step review process for the HFSP Research Grants is shown in the table below.

50 — CHAPTER 3 Table 3.1 Number of applications and awards approved for the 2019 HFSP Research Grants

Program Young TOTAL Grants Investigators

Number of eligible letters of intent 654 160 814

Number of full applications 61 23 84

Number of grants awarded 25 9 34

% of awarded grants, based on letters of intent 3.8 5.6 4.2

% of awarded grants, based on full applications 41 39.1 40.5

Number of members per team, mean (range) 3.2 (2-5) 2.9 (2-4) 3.1 (2-5)

Average size of award per year, kUSD 352 339 349

Cumulative total per year, mUSD 8.8 3.05 11.85

Figure 3.1 Countries in which awardees are working

PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATORS

JP SG CH DE EU FR IT UK USA 2 1 3 5 6 3 3 2 9

CO-APPLICANTS

Non AU JP KR CH DE EU FR UK CA USA MSP 2 4 2 2 6 4 4 9 2 23 10

IN NZ IT 1 1 1 EU: Belgium 1, Czech Republic 1, Denmark 1, Finland 1, The Netherlands 4, Sweden 2. Non MSP: Argentina 1, China (Hong Kong) 1, Israel 5, Mexico 2, Taiwan 1.

HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS — 51 3.2 THE 2019 HFSP GRANT REVIEW COMMITTEE

CHAIR Vic ARCUS, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand

SENIOR MEMBERS Ray DUNN, ASTAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore Diane LIDKE, University of New Mexico Albuquerque, USA

AUSTRALIA Elizabeth HARTLAND, Monash University, Clayton Michael T. RYAN, Monash University, Melbourne/Clayton

CANADA Belinda S.W. CHANG, University of Toronto Penney GILBERT, University of Toronto

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Marja-Leena LINNE, Tampere University, Finland Vladana VUKOJEVIC, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

FRANCE Valentina EMILIANI, Vision Institute, UMR 8250 CNRS, Vic ARCUS University Paris Descartes Chair of the Research GERMANY Grant Review Committee Friedrich C. SIMMEL, Technical University Munich, Garching

INDIA Upinder BHALLA, NCBS - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore Gautam MENON, The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai

52 — CHAPTER 3 ITALY Mathew DIAMOND, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste

JAPAN Tomomi SHIMOGORI, RIKEN – BSI, Wako

KOREA Tae-Young ROH, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)

NORWAY Nathalie REUTER, University of Bergen

SWITZERLAND Brigitte GALLIOT, University of Geneva Kentaro SHIMIZU, University of Zurich

UNITED KINGDOM Peter SWAIN, University of Edinburgh

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Cliff BRANGWYNNE, Princeton University Raghu PARTHASARATHY, The University of Oregon, Eugene Massimo VERGASSOLA, University California San Diego, La Jolla

DELEGATE FROM THE COUNCIL OF SCIENTISTS Théodor LANDIS, University Hospital and Medical Faculty of Geneva, Switzerland

HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS — 53 3.3 AWARDEES LISTS

Research Grants awarded in March 2019 (to be initiated in FY 2019)

PROGRAM GRANTS

The repeatability of the genetic mechanisms underlying behavioral evolution

Dept. of Molecular Biosciences ANDERSEN Northwestern University USA Erik Evanston

BROWN MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences UK Andre Imperial College London

School of Biological Sciences HODGINS AUSTRALIA Monash University Kathryn (CANADA) Clayton

Studying sea urchin dermal photoreception to unravel principles of decentralized spherical vision

Dept. of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms ARNONE Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn ITALY Maria Ina Napoli

LA CAMERA Dept. of Neurobiology and Behavior USA Giancarlo Stony Brook University (ITALY)

Dept. of Evolutionary Morphology (FB1) LUETER Museum fuer Naturkunde GERMANY Carsten Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin

NILSSON Lund Vision Group, Dept. of Biology SWEDEN Dan-Eric Lund University

54 — CHAPTER 3 nFlare: an innovative light approach to study and modulate neuronal activity in vitro and in vivo

Dept. of Neurobiology- Neuron Physiology and Technology Lab BALLERINI International School for Advanced Studies SISSA-ISAS ITALY Laura Trieste

FRUK Dept. of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology UK Ljiljana University of Cambridge (CROATIA)

TIAN Dept. of Chemistry USA Bozhi The University of Chicago (CHINA)

An integrative approach to decipher flowering time dynamics under drought stress

CONTI Dept. of Biosciences ITALY Lucio Università degli studi di Milano

Dept. of Agricultural and Environmental Biology IZAWA Lab of Plant Breeding and Genetics JAPAN Takeshi The University of Tokyo

JUENGER Dept. of Integrative Biology USA Thomas University of Texas at Austin

Regrowing the brain: evolution and mechanisms of seasonal reversible size changes in a mammal

Dept. of Migration and Immunoecology DECHMANN GERMANY Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Dina (SWITZERLAND) Radolfzell

DAVALOS Dept. of Ecology and Evolution USA Liliana SUNY Stony Brook (COLOMBIA)

NIELAND Dept. of Health Science and Technology DENMARK John Aalborg University (THE NETHERLANDS)

HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS — 55 Navigating the waters – A neural systems approach to spatial cognition in fish

ENGELMANN Dept. of Active Sensing GERMANY Jacob Bielefeld University

BURT DE PERERA Dept. of Zoology UK Theresa University of Oxford

Division of Biology / Mueller-lab MUELLER USA Kansas State University Thomas (GERMANY) Manhattan (Kansas)

Dept of Biomedical Engineering and Dept. of Life Sciences SEGEV Ben-Gurion University ISRAEL Ronen Beer-Sheva

In vitro reconstitution of synaptic plasticity: a minimalist approach

Dept. of Pharmacology HAYASHI Graduate School of Medicine JAPAN Yasunori Kyoto University

Dept. of Molecular Structural Biology LUCIC GERMANY Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Vladan (SERBIA) Martinsried

Division of Life Science ZHANG Hong Kong University of Science and Technology CHINA ( HONG KONG) Mingjie Kowloon

Phase separation of glycolytic machinery as a fundamental mechanism in energy metabolism

Dept. of Cell division HYMAN GERMANY Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics Anthony (UK) Dresden

Dept. of Cell Biology; Program in Cellular Neuroscience, COLÓN-RAMOS USA Neurodegeneration and Repair Daniel A. (PUERTO RICO) Yale School of Medicine, New Haven

56 — CHAPTER 3 Synthetic biocompounds to direct neuronal circuit assembly

JABAUDON Dept. of Basic Neuroscience SWITZERLAND Denis University of Geneva

LIM Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology USA Wendell University of California, San Francisco

Single-molecule protein sequencing

JOO Dept. of BioNanoScience - Kavli Institute of NanoScience THE NETHERLANDS Chirlmin Delft University of Technology (KOREA)

Dept. of Physics LEE Ewha Womans University KOREA Sang Wook Seoul

Tracking trade across symbiotic networks

Institute of Ecological Science KIERS Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit THE NETHERLANDS Toby Amsterdam

Dept. of Living Matter SHIMIZU THE NETHERLANDS AMOLF Institute Thomas (USA) Amsterdam

STONE Dept. of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering USA Howard A. Complex Fluids Group, Princeton University

Center for Ecological Research TOJU Kyoto University JAPAN Hirokazu Shiga

Do hydrocarbons induce membrane curvature in photosynthetic organisms?

School of Biological Sciences LEA-SMITH University of East Anglia UK David Norwich

ALLISON School of Biological Sciences NEW ZEALAND Jane University of Auckland

CES Dept. of Chemistry UK Oscar Imperial College London (SPAIN)

Instrument Division SHARP SWEDEN European Spallation Source ERIC Melissa (DENMARK) Lund

HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS — 57 Decoding the biomechanics of flight-tone based acoustic communication in mosquitoes

Dept. of Mechanical Engineering MITTAL Johns Hopkins University USA Rajat Baltimore

Dept. of Agriculture, Health and Environment GIBSON UK University of Greenwich, Old Royal Naval College Gabriella (USA) London

Unravelling an unusual biomineralization from nano to macro scale using advanced technologies

MOAZEN Dept. of Mechanical Engineering UK Mehran University College London

Dept. of Life Sciences ABZHANOV UK Imperial College London Arkhat (USA) Ascot

Dépt. Adaptations du Vivant HERREL FRANCE UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N Anthony (BELGIUM) Paris

VICKARYOUS Dept. of Biomedical Sciences CANADA Matthew University of Guelph

Imaging viral RNA genome assembly with high spatial and temporal resolutions inside infected cells

Dept. of Virology NAFFAKH Institut Pasteur FRANCE Nadia Paris

Dept. of Physics CISSE USA Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ibrahim (NIGER) Cambridge

Faculty of Biology and Astbury Centre for FONTANA UK Structural Molecular Biology Juan (SPAIN) University of Leeds

Imaging sensory processing and memory storage in the octopus brain

Institute of Neuroscience NIELL University of Oregon USA Cristopher M. Eugene

Dept. of Neurobiology, Silberman Institute of Life Sciences HOCHNER Hebrew University ISRAEL Binyamin Jerusalem

58 — CHAPTER 3 A spatiotemporal map of signalling processes controlling human stem cell renewal and differentiation

PERTZ Institute of Cell Biology SWITZERLAND Olivier University of Bern

CARAZO SALAS School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine UK Rafael Edgardo University of Bristol

Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering COHEN Drexel University USA Andrew Philadelphia

Elucidating the development of biological optical nanostructures

SHAWKEY Dept. of Evolution and Optics of Nanostructures BELGIUM Matthew Ghent University (USA)

Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology MANCEAU College de France FRANCE Marie Paris

School of Integrated Technology/ YEO Nano Convergence Systems Group KOREA Jong-Souk Yonsei University Incheon

Enhancing mitochondrial DNA fidelity to improve mammalian lifespan and healthspan

Research Group Stewart STEWART GERMANY Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing James (CANADA) Cologne

Dept. of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology LAVROV USA Iowa State University Dennis (RUSSIA) Ames

Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie MACKERETH FRANCE Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm U1212, CNRS UMR5320 Cameron (CANADA) Pessac

HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS — 59 Communication and the coordination of collective behavior across spatial scales in animal societies

STRANDBURG- Dept. of Biology PESHKIN GERMANY University of Konstanz Ariana

College of Science and Engineering HIRSCH James Cook University AUSTRALIA Ben Townsville

Dept. of Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior HOLEKAMP Michigan State University USA Kay East Lansing

MANSER Dept. of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies SWITZERLAND Marta University of Zurich

ROCH Dept. of Computer Science USA Marie San Diego State University

How complex behavior is encoded in the genome and wired in the brain

School of Biological Sciences STREELMAN Georgia Institute of Technology USA Jeffrey Todd Atlanta

Dept. Genes - Circuits - Behavior BAIER Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology GERMANY Herwig Martinsried

Regulation of membrane receptor function in the brain by lipid composition and dietary inputs

VATTULAINEN Dept. of Physics FINLAND Ilpo University of Helsinki

LEVENTAL Dept. of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology USA Ilya University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston

Dept. of Molecular Neurobiology SIMONS German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) GERMANY Mikael Munich

SMITH Dept. of Chemistry USA Adam University of Akron

60 — CHAPTER 3 Molecular approaches to study individually identified mechanosensory neurons of the leech

WEISBLAT Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology USA David University of California, Berkeley

FERNANDEZ Instituto de Fisiologia Celular-Neurociencias DE MIGUEL Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico MEXICO Francisco Ciudad de Mexico

Dept. of Life Science KUO National Taiwan University TAIWAN Dianhan Taipei

Institute FBMC SZCZUPAK University of Buenos Aires ARGENTINA Lidia Caba

3D atomic-scale movies of molecular machines in action

WEISS Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Dept. of Physiology USA Shimon University of California, Los Angeles

Dept. of Biochemistry BAKER University of Washington, Molecular Engineering & USA David Sciences Building Seattle

GULINATTI Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria ITALY Angelo Politecnico di Milano

SCHULER Dept. of Biochemistry SWITZERLAND Benjamin University of Zurich (AUSTRIA)

Spatiotemporal neurochemical dynamics of behavioral flexibility in the striatum

Neurobiology Research Unit WICKENS JAPAN Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Jeffery (NEW ZEALAND) Onna-Son, Kunigami

Dept. of Medical Neurobiology GOLDBERG IMRIC - The Faculty of Medicine ISRAEL Joshua The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

TIAN Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine/ Tian Lab USA Lin Universiy of California, Davis/School of Medicine

HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS — 61 YOUNG INVESTIGATOR GRANTS

Conversations between brain and vasculature: studying and mimicking their intertwined development

Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine CHEUNG Nanyang Technological University SINGAPORE Christine Singapore

Dept. of Developmental Biology LOH Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine USA Kyle Stanford University School of Medicine

From DNA to K-fibers: probing centromere function in the genesis of age-related oocyte aneuploidy

Dept. of Subcellular Structure and Cellular Dynamics FACHINETTI FRANCE Institut Curie Daniele (ITALY) Paris

MOGESSIE School of Biochemistry UK Binyam University of Bristol

Dept. of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics REDEMANN Center for Membrane & Cell Physiology USA Stefanie University of Virginia (GERMANY) Charlottesville

From synapses to networks. Understanding mechanisms of fear generalization across brain scales

Dept. of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering GREWE SWITZERLAND Institute of Neuroinformatics Benjamin F. (GERMANY) Swiss Federal Institue of Technology (ETH) Zurich

Dept. of Psychology ARRUDA-CARVALHO CANADA University of Toronto Scarborough Maithe (BRAZIL) Toronto

KHEIRBEK Dept. of Psychiatry USA Mazen University of California San Francisco

62 — CHAPTER 3 Exploration of the structure/function space of prebiotic to biological proteins

Dept. of Biochemistry HLOUCHOVA Faculty of Science, Charles University CZECH REPUBLIC Klara Prague

Dept. of Chemistry FRIED John Hopkins University USA Stephen Baltimore

FUJISHIMA Earth-Life Science Institute JAPAN Kosuke Tokyo Institute of Technology

Evolutionary changes in human hosts and their pathogens during first contact in the New World

Dept. of of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology HUERTA-SANCHEZ Brown University USA Emilia Providence

International Laboratory for Human Genome Research AVILA ARCOS National Autonomous University of Mexico MEXICO Maria Querétaro

Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI) JAY CNRS UMR8623, Université Paris-Sud / Paris-Saclay FRANCE Flora Orsay

From self-reproduction to evolution in the RNA world

Laboratoire de Biochimie NGHE ESPCI FRANCE Philippe Paris

HAYDEN Dept. of Biological Sciences USA Eric Boise State University

Dept. of Biochemistry Biophysics and Bioinformatics RAMESH National Center for Biological Sciences INDIA Arati Bangalore

Group Structure of Evolution SMERLAK GERMANY Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences Matteo (FRANCE) Leipzig

HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS — 63 The dynamics of information flow in a social network of mutually shading plants

Dept. of Computer Science PELEG USA BioFrontiers Institute Orit (ISRAEL) University of Colorado Boulder

Dept. of Collective Behaviour JORDAN GERMANY Max Planck Institute for Ornithology Alex (AUSTRALIA) University of Konstanz

MEROZ School of Plant Science and Food Security ISRAEL Yasmine Tel Aviv University

Creating a symphony from noise: stochastic and coordinated regulation of stem cells in embryogenesis

Lab. for Synthetic Embryology RIVRON MERLN Institute for Technology-Driven Regenerative Medicine, Hubrecht THE NETHERLANDS Nicolas Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, Maastricht (FRANCE) University

Dept. of Nonequilibrium physics of living matter KAWAGUCHI RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research JAPAN Kyogo Kobe

Imaging Platform SINGH USA Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Shantanu (INDIA) Harvard University, Cambridge

Paradoxical responses of immune systems at the tipping point

WANG Dept. of Bioengineering USA Bo Stanford University (CHINA)

French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Dry- ROSENTAL lands, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research ISRAEL Benyamin Ben Gurion University of the Negev. Midreshet Ben Gurion

64 — CHAPTER 3 HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS — 65 3.4 FRONTIER RESEARCH GRANTS INITIATED IN FY 2018

66 — CHAPTER 3 HFSP Young Investigator Grant: Detecting inequity in dendritic cells through bio- inspired synthetic T cells

Maartje BASTINGS, Ecole Polytechnique Federale Lausanne (EPFL) - SWITZERLAND Ralf JUNGMANN, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried - GERMANY Ian PARISH, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne – AUSTRALIA

During infection with bacteria or viruses, our immune system becomes activated to fight these foreign invaders and thereby prevent us from getting ill. Dendritic cells are an important immune cell type that control this process. When they sense the presence of infection, they trigger an immune response against any simultaneously captured bacterial or viral molecules by displaying the molecules on their surface for immune cells to recognise. However, they can also capture normal “self” molecules from our organs during infection, and it is unclear how they focus the immune response upon the foreign invaders without triggering an inappropriate response against “self” molecules that could inflict damage upon our organs. As we currently have only a limited ability to detect and visualise self and foreign molecules on the dendritic cell surface during an infection, our understanding of this process is incomplete. We propose a bio-engineering approach to address this problem. Nature has already designed a system for biological molecule detection on the dendritic cell surface: immune cells called T cells are exquisitely sensitive at recognising specific surface molecules on dendritic cells. We will leverage the key features of this interaction to develop novel staining materials that imitate the natural way that T cells recognize molecules on dendritic cells. Using an engineering technology based on DNA origami to control the size, shape, and function of small particles, a “synthetic T cell” staining reagent will be assembled on a DNA scaffold. By adding fluorescent signals and experimenting with a variety of engineering blueprints, we can increase the sensitivity and signal intensity of our particles. Combining these synthetic T-cells with state-of-the-art microscopy techniques that can image individual molecules, we will precisely pin-point the exact location of self and foreign molecules on the DC surface during infection to determine if their organisation helps to either inhibit or promote an immune response. Overall, this project will thus employ expertise from a range of different disciplines to dissect how the immune system discriminates between “self” and “foreign” molecules.

HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS — 67 HFSP Young Investigator Grant: Evolutionary puzzles: do microbes in the Atacama Desert harvest UV as an energy source?

Kevin FREEDMAN, University of California-Riverside - USA Armando AZUA-BUSTOS, Centro de Astrobiología CSIC-INTA, Madrid – SPAIN

Melanin is a unique molecule synthesized by all domains of life (bacteria, archaea, and eukarya), but it is most commonly known as a UV screening pigment in humans and other animals. However, surprisingly little is known about the secondary or tertiary roles of the molecule. The recent discovery that melanin-containing fungi located at the ruptured Chernobyl reactor display enhanced growth in the presence of gamma radiation, which is usually thought to be harmful, has hinted at the diverse functions of the molecule. A defining feature of melanin is the chemical and structural variability found across and within microbial species. This feature along with the ability to broadly absorb over the UV and visible spectrum has led to the hypothesis that microbial cells could have evolved to capture and utilize this energy. Low resource environments such as those found in deserts are the most probable habitats in which these adaptations could exist. The main objective of this proposal is to assemble a diverse team of scientists to apply new single cell and single molecule technology to studying divergent biology in one of the most extreme environments on the planet, the Atacama Desert. Here we test the hypothesis that melanin is a key player in producing biochemical energy in microorganisms that are exposed to high amounts of radiation in the UV range. As part of the project, our international team, consisting of engineers, biochemists and microbiologists, will carry out a comprehensive analysis of the microbes living in the Atacama Desert, one of earth’s most UV-irradiated regions. We will identify alternate functions of melanin using state-of-art technologies to 1) sort out and identify melanin producers; 2) sequence their DNA for melanin pathway analysis; 3) characterize how melanin is being synthesized; and 4) link melanin to the photochemical conversion of UV light. Since microbial communities and melanin represent mixed populations, technology is needed which can probe individual cells and molecules. Only once this is accomplished, can sub-populations within each group be thoroughly examined. The impact of understanding melanin not only extends the fundamental knowledge of a commonplace pigment, but can also prove useful for searching for life on other UV-irradiated environments such as those on other planets.

68 — CHAPTER 3 HFSP Young Investigator Grant: Remembering the future: interactions between sensation, memory, and behavior

Aman SALEEM, University College London - UK Gordon BERMAN, Emory University, Atlanta - USA Jakob MACKE, Technical University Darmstadt – GERMANY

Memory is typically treated as representing past experiences, including salient events and stimuli. A key purpose for the retention of these memories is to provide predictive information that guides the animal’s future behavior - where it will go and what it will do. However, the world is rarely static, and memory therefore requires continuous updating from sensory information. While sensation and memory have been well studied separately in tightly constrained tasks, little is known about how they interact to enable complex behaviors. This proposal aims to understand how these three processes – behavior, sensation, and memory – predict each other while animals freely move within an environment, and how these predictions are altered based on an animal’s experience and the predictability of its environment. We will test three general hypotheses about the interactions between sensation, memory and behavior: (1) Memory evolves from being learnt from (i.e. instructed by) sensation and behavior in a novel environment, to being predictive of (i.e. instructing) sensation and behavior in a familiar environment. (2) The direction of predictability between processes (i.e. which process instructs another) are dynamic and can be manipulated by changing the context of the environment. (3) The direction of predictability is dependent on the predictability of the environment, with memory instructing sensation and behavior for predictable features, but sensation instructing the other processes for unpredictable features. We will test these hypotheses in an environment with static (predictable) and mobile (unpredictable) features. We will combine long-term recordings from large populations of neurons in the visual cortex and the hippocampus of freely moving animals, high- resolution behavioral measurements, and statistical modeling of neural and behavioral dynamics. Our experiments will provide unprecedented measurements of the neural representations that underlie natural behavior. They will show how these animals, and potentially ourselves, use representations of the past to predict the future.

HFSP RESEARCH GRANTS — 69 Chapter 4 The science of HFSPO Highlights 72 HFSP Meetings 73 The 2019 HFSP Nakasone Award 77 The 2018 Review of HFSP Programs 78 New Awards in Frontier Science 79 Great minds at work: honours and prizes 83 4.1 HIGHLIGHTS

The 2018 HFSP Awardees Meeting took place at the Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning at the Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) in Toronto, Canada from 8-11 July. The meeting was attended by nearly 200 participants and we would like once again to thank our Canadian partners CIHR, NSERC, the University of Toronto and SickKids for their generous support.

The first joint meeting of the HFSPO Board and Council was organized to discuss peer review in the context of the San Francisco Declaration of Research Assessment (DORA).

HFSP helped to organize two workshops to further the development of the Global Biodata Coalition. The workshops were a collaboration with the Wellcome Trust and AMED and took place at Kings College, London (7-8 May 2018) and at AMED Headquarters, Tokyo (22-23 October 2018).

HFSP was reviewed for the 6th time by independent experts who confirmed the high impact level of the scientific outcomes.

Among the breakthrough discoveries from HFSP funded research were novel acoustic technology to listen in on red blood cells, implantable transistor devices to monitor ion fluxes and nanosensors for optical recording of neurological signals.

72 — CHAPTER 4 4.2 HFSP MEETINGS, SEMINARS AND TALKS

During the reporting period, HFSPO organized meetings to publicize the Organization’s vision and programs. These meetings were complemented by individual talks by the Secretary General and Scientific Directors in different countries during FY 2018.

FOCUS ASIA-PACIFIC: FRONTIER LIFE SCIENCE RESEARCH BY HFSP

In June 2018, we organized an HFSP branded workshop during the joint 24th IUBMB and 15th FAOBMB Congress in Seoul with the support of two former Korean members of the HFSPO Council of Scientists: Young- Joon Kim and Yunje Cho. The session featured presentations from HFSP awardees whose laboratories are located in Singapore, India, Japan and the Republic of Korea.

Library Hall in the COEX Main auditorium for the meeting Congress Center, Seoul in Seoul

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 73 THE 18TH HFSP AWARDEES MEETING IN TORONTO “Meeting other exceptional researchers. I made some lovely After Ottawa (2002) and Montreal (2011), grant and fellowship recipients contacts in terms of science but met for the third time in Canada for the 2018 HFSP Awardees Meeting also in friendship. I really did which took place from 8-11 July at the Peter Gilgan Centre for Research not know what to expect before and Learning at the Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) in Toronto. the meeting. I was intimidated to go as the HFSP community is so impressive but everyone was really nice and the atmosphere was very open and down to earth. The meeting was one of the best I have been to.”

“The meeting exceeded my expectations, it was a very valuable experience to meet (very accomplished) postdocs and profs from completely different fields to learn something new, see things from a different perspective and also a good lesson in communication to describe research in such a way that it is broadly appreciated.” City Hall Plaza Toronto, Canada

The Awardees Meeting was attended by 185 participants and HFSP awardees presented 25 talks and 28 three-minute ‘poster teaser’ talks which preceded the poster sessions. A total of 70 posters were on display during the three-day meeting. We are grateful to our Canadian partners CIHR, NSERC, the University of Toronto and SickKids for their generous support and help in organizing the meeting.

Invited lectures were given by the 2019 HFSP Nakasone Award winner Svante Pääbo on “A Neandertal perspective about human origins” and Pamela Silver, who talked about “Designing biology for health and sustainability”.

Andrea Pauli, 2015 HFSP Career Development Awardee, presenting her talk “Small proteins with big roles: bouncer enables sperm entry during fertilization in vertebrates.”

74 — CHAPTER 4 2014 grant awardees Julie Claycomb and Thomas Duchaine talking during the poster session.

Matilde Galli, 2017 HFSP Career Development Awardee, presenting her talk ‘‘Understanding endomitosis: a common road to polyploidy’’.

Katherine Siddle, 2016 HFSP Long- Term Fellow, presenting her poster.

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 75 BASIC RESEARCH: HOW BEST TO PEER REVIEW IN THE POST-DORA LANDSCAPE

A JOINT SEMINAR OF THE HFSPO BOARD OF TRUSTEES AND COUNCIL OF SCIENTISTS

HFSP’s mission to support basic research and the challenges of peer review in the post DORA era provided the backdrop for a unique seminar. For the first time members of the HFSPO Board of Trustees and Council of Scientists met for a joint seminar to discuss challenges for HFSP’s peer review of interdisciplinary frontier science proposals. The thread of the meeting evolved from concepts and measures of how research funders can best implement the San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (DORA) in peer review of basic scientific research applications. DORA exhorts funders to “… consider the value and impact of all research outputs …in addition to research HFSPO Board member Melanie publications, and consider a broad range of impact measures including Welham (BBSRC) presenting a talk at qualitative indicators of research impact, such as influence on policy the joint seminar. and practice.”

HFSP faces a particular challenge. Frontier life science research, which is the major remit of HFSP applications, now encompasses many research approaches and disciplines. The discussion evolved around the fact that there are special needs for assessing an application that includes more than one disparate discipline, with different scientific traditions and customs (e.g. order of authorship on publications or method of publication, biomedical versus physics paradigms). The seminar topic was introduced by Eric Archambault, CEO & Founder of Science Metrix, who presented a talk about “Resist, embrace or A captive audience during a break transform. What stance should at the Toronto Awardees Meeting. the humanities adopt in a rapidly growing measurement culture?”

76 — CHAPTER 4 4.3 THE 2019 HFSP NAKASONE AWARD

Michael Hall of the Biozentrum of the University of Basel in Switzerland is the recipient of the 2019 HFSP Nakasone Award for his discovery of the master regulator of cell growth, the target of rapamycin (TOR) kinase. The discovery of TOR allowed scientists to better understand cell growth and its importance in development, aging and disease.

Michael Hall’s discovery led to a fundamental change in scientists’ understanding and appreciation of cell growth. It is not a spontaneous process that just happens when conditions favor growth, but rather a highly regulated, plastic process controlled by TOR-dependent signaling pathways. As a central controller of cell growth, TOR plays a key role in development and aging, and is implicated in various disorders including cancer, cardiovascular disease, allograft rejection, obesity and diabetes. Rapamycin is used in the clinic in three of the above major therapeutic areas, and several new mammalian TOR (mTOR) inhibitors are currently being evaluated as anti-cancer drugs. Michael Hall, the 2019 HFSP Nakasone Award winner. Since the initial discovery, TOR-related research has expanded to include the basic research community, medical researchers and the pharmaceutical industry. Michael Hall is its founder and has remained a major leader in this highly competitive field for over 25 years. His recent work continues to focus on mechanisms of mTOR signaling, elucidating the roles of mTOR in metabolic tissues and tumors. The aim of the work on metabolic tissues is to understand how mTOR controls whole body growth and metabolism. The goal of the tumor research in mice and humans is to understand mechanisms of tumorigenesis and evasive resistance to targeted cancer therapies. In summary, Hall’s studies on TOR have spanned yeast to human to elucidate fundamentally and clinically important biology.

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 77 4.4 THE 2018 REVIEW OF HFSP PROGRAMS

In 2018, the 6th review of HFSP programs was completed. The analytical part was carried out by Montreal based evaluation agency Science Metrix under the supervision of a panel of independent experts whose members were: Dame Bridget Ogilvie (UK/Australia; panel chair), Mats Ulfendahl (Sweden), Nancy Ip (Hong Kong) and Jill Heemskerk (USA). The overall coordination was handled by Eric Westhof (France).

The review demonstrates that HFSP funds highly interdisciplinary research for which other funding opportunities appear to be limited. In interviews and questionnaires, reviewers and awardees emphasized that HFSP represented a rare funding opportunity to support research at the frontier of the life sciences that combines collaborative, international and interdisciplinary features. The bibliometric analysis also showed that HFSP was superior to most comparable funding projects in bringing together outstanding teams of researchers capable of generating truly interdisciplinary knowledge to advance our understanding of fundamental mechanisms in basic research.

The main conclusions are that: HFSP awards are highly recognized and a real mark of distinction; HFSP is successful in its strategy to enhance and synergize national science funding programs; the current policy of funding curiosity-driven, daring, interdisciplinary and international research, without any priority given to a scientific topic or area, has been particularly successful.

78 — CHAPTER 4 4.5 NEW AWARDS IN FRONTIER SCIENCE

The announcement of the HFSP awards initiated a great number of press releases from research institutions that host our awardees and feedback via social media channels was immediate.

All awards were published on our website and via corresponding press releases. It is rewarding to note that press releases published by host institutions about their scientists’ success in the 2018 competition remain frequent. They can be found at http://www.hfsp.org/hfsp-news-events/2018-hfsp-awards-news

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 79 Exemplary research projects that have produced very innovative results in 2018 are described below:

USING SOUND TO STRETCH

Mechanical properties of cells are important reporters of a cell’s condition, as they often change upon disease. HFSP fellow Raya Sorkin and colleagues have developed a new approach to measure mechanical properties of cells using acoustically exerted forces and the team succeeded in showing that red blood cells become more deformable when they uptake extracellular vesicles.

As mechanical changes in cells often occur upon disease, this innovative method can potentially be used in the clinic for diagnostic purposes.

In addition, changes in cell mechanics following uptake of vesicles may be pathologically Stretching cells using AFS: an artist’s impression. During an experiment, relevant, as in several disease states cells are sandwiched between the flow cell surface and a microsphere. the concentrations of extracellular The microspheres which are attached on top of cells are pushed towards vesicle are significantly elevated: the nodes of the acoustic pressure field, thereby pulling on the cells. in trauma patients, in the plasma Image credit: Marilia Gavri and Giulia Bergamaschi. of malaria-infected children, and in breast cancer patients. A patent Reference: Probing cellular mechanics with acoustic force spectroscopy. application for this approach was Sorkin R*, Bergamaschi G*, Kamsma D, Brand G, Dekel E, Ofir-Birin Y, Rudik recently filed by the researchers A, Gironella M, Ritort F, Regev-Rudzki N, Roos WH, Wuite GJL. Mol Biol Cell. and licensed to LUMICKS, a spin- 2018 Aug 8;29(16):2005-2011. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E18-03-0154. Epub 2018 Jun 21. off company from the research *authors contributed equally. group selling AFS technology.

80 — CHAPTER 4 FAST, FLEXIBLE IONIC TRANSISTORS FOR BIOELECTRONIC DEVICES

HFSP Cross-Disciplinary fellow George Spyropoulos and colleagues designed and developed novel material to build better bioelectronic devices. For the first time, the team was able to make a transistor that can communicate using ions, the body’s charge carriers, at speeds fast enough to perform complex computations required for neurophysiology. Combining soft and conformable devices for recording neural signals could significantly improve the ease and tolerability of EEG procedures for patients. In addition, these devices may be used to make implantable closed loop devices, such as those currently used to treat some forms of medically refractory epilepsy; devices could be smaller and easier to implant, and also provide more information. The results not only promise improved performance of ionic transistors but hold great potential for using these devices to benefit patient care in the future.

Image: IGT-based NAND and NOR gates conform to the surface of orchid petals (left). Scale bar, 1cm. Optical micrographs of NOR (upper right) and NAND (lower right) logic gates. Input (I1, I2) and output (O) configuration is indicated. Scale bar, 100 µm.

Reference: Internal ion-gated organic electrochemical transistor: A building block for integrated bioelectronics. Spyropoulos GD, Gelinas JN, Khodagholy D. Sci Adv. 2019;5(2):eaau7378. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aau7378.

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 81 SEMICONDUCTOR NANORODS AS SENSORS FOR OPTICAL RECORDING OF NEURONAL SIGNALS

HFSP Program Grant holders Joerg Enderlein, Dan Oron, Antoine Triller, Shimon Weiss and colleagues have developed semiconductor voltage nanosensors for optical recording of neuronal signals. These sensors operate via a unique nanoscale phenomena - the quantum confined Stark effect, whereby their emission color and intensity change upon the modulation of the neuron’s membrane potential. The team’s research takes steps towards visualizing how neurons communicate and how neuronal connections in our brain function. They developed unique voltage nanosensors that one day might allow us to study large neuronal circuits with billions of neural connections. Such capabilities Semiconductor-based nanosensors with large quantum confined Stark could eventually unravel how effect are being developed as neural voltage sensors.The nanosensors memories are stored in the brain, exhibited large voltage sensitivity, fast response, long-term stability, and and how neuronal connections sufficient brightness for single-particle detection, which, in the future, are formed or altered during the could open up a new field of super-resolution detection of neural activities process of learning. Moreover, using single nanosensors. Supplementary Cover art from ACS Photonics these unique nanosensors are so 2018 5 (12). Credits: Yung Kuo and Stephen Sasaki. sensitive, that they could record signals from an individual synapse, Reference: Characterizing the Quantum-Confined Stark Effect in hence monitoring molecular Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Nanorods for Single-Molecule changes during memorization and Electrophysiology. Yung Kuo, Jack Li, Xavier Michalet, Alexey Chizhik, Noga learning. Meir, Omri Bar-Elli, Emory Chan, Dan Oron, Joerg Enderlein, and Shimon Weiss, ACS Photonics 2018 5 (12), 4788-4800, doi: 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00617

82 — CHAPTER 4 4.6 GREAT MINDS AT WORK

Out of the hundreds of scientists HFSP funds each year, many are recognized for their brilliant research and receive highly prestigious prizes and awards. We cannot but list the most highly honored in 2018 below:

HFSP alumnus Tasuku Honjo awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine

HFSP alumnus Tasuku Honjo shared the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with James P. Allison for “their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation.” In 1990, Tasuku Honjo of Kyoto University was the principal investigator on an HFSP Research Grant, together with Tak W. Mak and Dennis Y. Loh, for research into the “regulation of DNA rearrangement and lymphocyte differentiation.” Dr. Honjo also hosted an HFSP postdoctoral fellow in his laboratory and 10 of his PhD students applied successfully for HFSP Fellowships as recently as 2017. HFSPO greatly appreciates the support of Tasuku Honjo who assisted as a mail reviewer (1998–2001) and most importantly was a member of the Review Committee for HFSP Fellowships in Molecular Biology in 1992 - 1993, and continued as the committee chair from 1994 - 1995. James P. Allison also has connections with HFSP as he has hosted several HFSP postdoctoral fellows in his laboratory. For HFSP this represents the 28th Nobel Prize in the 29 years of the Program.

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 83 HFSP awardees among the winners of the 2018 Canada Gairdner Awards

HFSP alumni Edward Boyden, Karl Deisseroth and Azim Surani were among the winners of the 2018 Canada Gairdner International Award laureates. Edward Boyden, recipient of HFSP Research Grants in 2010 and 2016, and Karl Deisseroth, the first winner fo the HFSP Nakasone Award in 2010, were rewarded by the Gairdner Foundation “for the discovery of light- gated ion channel mechanisms, and for the discovery of optogenetics, a technology that has revolutionized neuroscience.” Azim Surani, who was awarded HFSP Research Grants in 1994 and 2012, received his award “for the discovery of mammalian genomic imprinting that causes parent-of-origin specific gene expression and its consequences for development and disease.”

Former HFSP awardees receive prestigious science prizes

HFSP alumni C. David Allis and Michael Grunstein received the 2018 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award “for discoveries elucidating how gene expression is influenced by chemical modification of histones—the proteins that package DNA within chromosomes.” David Allis of the Rockefeller University in New York, USA was awarded HFSP Research Grants in 1997 and 2000 for projects titled “Regulation of histone acetylation in Drosophila” and “Coupling signaling to chromatin modifications” respectively. Michael Grunstein of the University of California, Los Angeles, USA received an HFSP Research Grant in 1996 to work on “Chromatin-mediated gene silencing.” Christine Petit of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France, was awarded the 2018 Kavli Prize in Neuroscience, together with A. James Hudspeth and Robert Fettiplace, “for their pioneering work on the molecular and neural mechanisms of hearing.” Christine Petit received an HFSP Research Grant in 1999 to research “brain development and neurological diseases: analysis of KAL-1, the gene implicated in X-linked Kallmann’s syndrome.” The 2016 HFSP Nakasone Award winners, Emmanuelle Charpentier of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology in Berlin, Germany and Jennifer Doudna of the University of California, Berkeley, USA, were honored with the 2018 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience, together with Virginijus Šikšnys, “for the invention of CRISPR-Cas9, a precise nanotool for editing DNA, causing a revolution in biology, agriculture, and medicine.”

84 — CHAPTER 4 4.7 HONOURS AND PRIZES

HFSP grantees awarded the Nobel Prize

Nobel Laureate HFSP Research Grant Nobel Prize

Christiane NÜSSLEIN-VOLHARD 1993 1995 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Rolf ZINKERNAGEL 1994 1996 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Stanley PRUSINER 1994 1997 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

John WALKER 1996 1997 (CHEMISTRY)

Steven CHU 1993 1997 (PHYSICS)

Paul NURSE 1994 2001 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Tim HUNT 1992/1997 2001 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

John SULSTON 1991 2002 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Peter AGRE 2000 2003 (CHEMISTRY)

Linda BUCK 1995 2004 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Avram HERSHKO 1998 2004 (CHEMISTRY)

Roger KORNBERG 1990/1993/1997/2000 2006 (CHEMISTRY)

Roger TSIEN 1995 2008 (CHEMISTRY)

Jack SZOSTAK 2001 2009 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Venkatraman RAMAKRISHNAN 2000/2009 2009 (CHEMISTRY)

Ada YONATH 2003 2009 (CHEMISTRY)

Jules HOFFMANN 1995 2011 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Ralph STEINMAN 1996/2006 2011 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Randy SCHEKMAN 1991/1995 2013 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Thomas SÜDHOF 1995 2013 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

James ROTHMAN 1990/1994/2005 2013 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Martin KARPLUS 2005 2013 (CHEMISTRY)

Michael LEVITT 2008 2013 (CHEMISTRY)

John O’KEEFE 1994 2014 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Stefan HELL 2010 2014 (CHEMISTRY)

Aziz SANCAR 1992 2015 (CHEMISTRY)

Jeffrey C. HALL 1991/2000 2017 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

Tasuku HONJO 1990 2018 (PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE)

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 85 The following section lists other recent 1 It should be noted that Research Grants were awarded up until 2001 awards and prizes to HFSP awardees when Program Grants and Young Investigator Grants were introduced. or alumni from 2018 or earlier that have The Short-Term Fellowship program was terminated in April 2010. come to our attention in FY 20181

Name Nationality Current affiliation HFSP award

BREAKTHROUGH PRIZE - Life Sciences

Joanne CHORY USA Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, RG 1992, 2000 La Jolla, USA

Kim NASMYTH UK University of Oxford, UK RG 1992, 1998

Peter WALTER Germany/ University of California, San Francisco, RG 1992 USA USA

EPPENDORF INTERNATIONAL AND SCIENCE - Prize for Neurobiology

Johannes KOHL Germany Harvard University, Cambridge, USA LT 2015

FENS EJN Award

Sylvia ARBER Switzerland Biozentrum, University of Basel, LT 1996 Switzerland

Prix L’Oréal et l’UNESCO pour les femmes et la science Janet ROSSANT Canada The Hospital for Sick Children, RG 2000 Toronto, Canada

Caroline DEAN United John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK LT 1997 Kingdom

86 — CHAPTER 4 Name Nationality Current affiliation HFSP award

GAIRDNER FOUNDATION - Canada Gairdner International Award

Edward BOYDEN USA MIT, Cambridge, USA PG 2010, 2016

Karl DEISSEROTH USA Stanford University, USA 2010 HFSP Nakasone Award

Azim SURANI UK University of Cambridge, UK RG 1994, PG 2012

GRETE LUNDBECK EUROPEAN BRAIN RESEARCH FOUNDATION - Brain Prize Bart DE STROOPER Belgium VIB, KU Leuven, Belgium RG 1996, ST 1994

GRUBER FOUNDATION - Gruber Neuroscience Prize

Okihide HIKOSAKA Japan National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, RG 1991 USA

Wolfram SCHULTZ Germany University of Cambridge, UK PG 2004

Ann M. GRAYBIEL USA MIT, Cambridge, USA RG 1990

INAMORI FOUNDATION - Kyoto Prize

Karl DEISSEROTH USA Stanford University, USA 2010 HFSP Nakasone Award

JAPAN ACADEMY - Imperial Prize and Japan Academy Prize

Chikashi TOYOSHIMA Japan The University of Tokyo, Japan PG 2001

KÖRBER FOUNDATION - European Science Prize

Svante PÄÄBO Sweden Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary 2018 HFSP Nakasone Award Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 87 Name Nationality Current affiliation HFSP award

LASKER FOUNDATION - Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award

C. David ALLIS USA The Rockefeller University, RG 1997, 2000 New York, USA

Michael GRUNSTEIN USA University of California, RG 1996 Los Angeles, USA

LOUIS-JEANTET - Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine

Antonio LANZAVECCHIA Italy Institute for Research in Biomedicine, PG 2007 Bellinzona, Switzerland

NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES - Richard Lounsbery Award

Yohanns BELLAÏCHE France Institut Curie, Paris, France PG 2007

NIH - NIH DIRECTORS’ NEW INNOVATOR AWARD

Darcy MOORE USA University of Wisconsin-Madison, LT 2011 USA

NIH - NIH Directors’ Pioneer Award Daniel A. COLÓN-RAMOS Puerto Rico/ Yale University School of Medicine, PG 2019 USA New Haven, USA

Viviana GRADINARU Romania California Institute of Technology, YI 2013 Pasadena, USA

Gabriel VICTORA Brazil/Italy The Rockefeller University, New York, PG 2015 USA

NIH - NIH Directors’ Transformative Research Award Anne BRUNET France Stanford University, USA LT 1998

Karl DEISSEROTH USA Stanford University, USA HFSP Nakasone Award 2010

Morgridge Institute for Research and Jan HUISKEN Germany University of Wisconsin, Madison, LT 2006, CDA 2010 USA

88 — CHAPTER 4 Name Nationality Current affiliation HFSP award

Roger KORNBERG USA Stanford University, USA RG 1990, 1993, 1997, 2000

Andrew MCMAHON UK University of Southern California, Los RG 1993, PG 2011 Angeles, USA

Norbert PERRIMON USA/France Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA RG 1996, 2000

Alice TING USA Stanford University, USA PG 2013

NORWEGIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND LETTERS - Kavli Prize in Nanoscience

Emmanuelle CHARPEN- France Max Planck Institute for Infection HFSP Nakasone Award 2016 TIER Biology, Berlin, Germany

Jennifer DOUDNA USA University of California Berkeley, USA HFSP Nakasone Award 2016

NORWEGIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE AND LETTERS - Kavli Prize in Neuroscience

Christine PETIT France Institut Pasteur, Paris, France RG 1999

THE SCIENCE OF HFSPO — 89 Chapter 5 Finance HFSPO Members’ funding 92 FY 2018-2019 Financial summary 93 Statement of financial position 101 5.1 HFSPO MEMBERS’ FUNDING

HFSPO is supported by voluntary contributions from 15 Members which are Australia, Canada, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the European Commission (denoted by Europe in figures and tables). HFSPO Members issue a Joint Communique at a Triennial Conference of HFSPO Members (formerly Intergovernmental Conference or IGC), indicating their intended contributions for a three-year budgetary period. The most recent agreement was signed in London in June 2016 for FY2017-2018 to FY2019-2020 where Members commended the leading role of Japan in supporting HFSPO for 30 years and committed the other HFSPO Members to greater burden-sharing. At the London meeting, representatives accepted a financial framework for their indicative contributions to HFSPO for the period of 2017- 2019 based on a 2% annual increase and recognised the urgent need to develop and implement new principles for calculating financial contributions in the long-term, taking into account quantitative and/ or qualitative indicators and the impact of currency issues for MSPs’ contributions and income to HFSPO.

92 — CHAPTER 5 5.2 FY 2018-2019 FINANCIAL SUMMARY

Table 5.1 below presents a summarised overview of income and expenditures for fiscal year 2018-2019 which extends from 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019. Income from contributions has reached 92% of the amount budgeted. With additional income from unspent funds returned to HFSPO, participation fees for the Awardees Meeting in Toronto (July 2018) and capital gains above expected levels in the budget, the total income reached 93% of the amount budgeted. Program expenditures for Research Grants reached 100% of the budget values whereas payments to Fellowship and CDA awardees are below budget because of shifts in the starting date of awards. More details are given below. Operational costs were 517 K USD below budget due to a favourable exchange rate EUR/USD for 300 K USD. Therefore, the net cash expenditure of HFSPO consolidated in USD at actual exchange rates amounted to 53.196 M USD, against 53.681 M USD cash income. The net income balance at year-end 2018-2019 was 0.485 M USD. Each item in this table is explained in detail in the text below.

FINANCE — 93 Table 5.1 Budget vs. Actual Fiscal Year 2018-2019 in thousands USD

From 1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019 FY18-19 FY18-19 Var. FY17-18 Contributions % Budget Actual Budget/Actual Actual

Contributions 57 489 52 629 4 860 92% 51 938

Other income 115 115 173

Interest 250 937 687 375% 1 999 and capital gains

Total Income 57 739 53 681 (4 058) 93% 54 110

Program FY18-19 FY18-19 Var. FY17-18 % activities Budget Actual Budget/Actual Actual

Program Grants 25 000 24 950 (50) 100% 24 550

Young 8 500 8 540 40 100% 8 450 Investigators

Long-Term 14 419 12 509 (1 910) 87% 11 704 Fellowships

Career Development 2 900 2 700 (200) 93% 2 500 Award

Total awards 50 819 48 699 (2 120) 96% 47 204

Scientific 850 568 (282) 431 activities

Total awards & 51 669 49 267 (2 401) 95% 47 635 program activities

Total HFSP 4 446 3 929 (517) 88% 3 735 Operation

Total Expenditure 56 114 53 196 (2 919) 95% 51 370

Net income 1 625 485 (1 140) 2 740 Balance

94 — CHAPTER 5 5.2.1 INCOME FROM MEMBER CONTRIBUTIONS FOR FY 2018-2019

Table 5.2 Contributions from HFSPO Members for FY 2018-2019 (1 April 2018 to 31 March 2019)

Joint Communique FY 2018-2019 Joint Communique FY 2018-2019 London, 2016 for FY Actual payment London, 2016 for FY Actual payment 2018-2019 in LC in LC 2018-2019 in USD in USD equivalent

Australia 788 000 USD 788 000 USD 788 000 USD 788 000 USD

Canada 2 038 677 CAD 2 038 677 CAD 1 568 213 USD 1 558 642 USD

European Commission 5 158 000 EUR 5 158 000 EUR 5 731 111 USD 6 355 172 USD

France* 2 415 000 EUR 2 345 000 EUR 2 683 333 USD 2 861 138 USD

Germany** 4 805 000 EUR 4 000 000 EUR 5 338 889 USD 4 562 000 USD

India *** 1 092 000 USD 0 USD 1 092 000 USD 0 USD

Italy *** 975 000 EUR 0 EUR 1 083 333 USD 0 USD

Japan 21 043 000 USD 20 961 351 USD 21 043 000 USD 20 961 351 USD

Korea 863 000 USD 863 000 USD 863 000 USD 863 000 USD

New Zealand 150 000 USD 150 000 USD 150 000 USD 150 000 USD

Norway 671 000 USD 671 000 USD 671 000 USD 671 000 USD

Singapore 563 000 USD 563 000 USD 563 000 USD 563 000 USD

Switzerland 957 000 CHF 920 000 CHF 957 000 USD 925 324 USD

UK 1 593 000 GBP 1 593 000 GBP 2 450 769 USD 2 258 171 USD

USA 10 964 000 USD 10 112 324 USD 10 964 000 USD 10 112 324 USD

55 946 649 USD 52 629 122 USD

94,10%

LC: local currency *: Outstanding contribution from Region Grand Est of 70 k EUR as of 31 March 2019, paid 7 May 2019 **: Outstanding contribution from the BMBF of Germany of 617 k EUR as of 31 March 2019, paid 2 April 2019 ***: Outstanding contribution, not paid as of 10 May 2019

FINANCE — 95 In FY 2018-2019, contributions received from HFSPO Members reached a total of 52.629 M USD and thus contributions anticipated by the Intergovernmental Conference held in London in June 2016 were matched. Only contributions from India and Italy have not been received as of 31 March 2019. Germany and Region Grand-Est of France also had outstanding contributions of 617 K EUR and 70 K EUR respectively as of 31 March 2019 but both have been received since. The second and fourth columns show the contributions in local currency (LC) agreed in the Joint Communique for FY 2018-2019 during the London meeting. To convert into USD, the following exchange rates were used: 1 USD = 0.90 EUR, 1.30 CAD, 1.00 CHF, 0.65 GBP. Actual payments during FY 2018-2019 are recorded in the third column in the agreed currencies, and amounts converted into USD, exchanged at the daily accounting rate, appear in the fifth column. HFSPO limits currency exchange as far as possible by using contributions in one currency for the payment of awardees in the same currency. Where there are insufficient funds in a given currency, this deficit is made up by exchanging USD into the required currency.

5.2.2. INCOME FROM OTHER SOURCES

• Other income Other income of 115 K USD is composed of reimbursements of unused funds from awardees (54 K USD), registration fees for participants at the Awardees Meeting (32 K USD) and exceptional one-time support from the University of Toronto (26 K USD) in support of the 18th HFSP Awardees Meeting in Toronto (July 2018).

• Interest and capital gains Financial income from asset management (interest and capital gain) comes close to 1.0 M USD before tax as compared to around 2.0 M USD in the previous year. This income has been gained from short-term investments from 3 to 7 months vs. 0.5 M USD for FY 2017-2018. The investment portfolio of HFSPO being mainly composed of capital products, financial income is generated by EMTN (European Medium Term Note) as they come to maturity. The portfolio is managed in accord with the prudential rules for financial investment approved by the Board of Trustees in March 2016. In FY 2018-2019 only one EMTN matured (with no interest). Five EMTN matured in FY 2017-2018, generating interest of 1.5 M USD.

Overdue contributions for FY 2017-2018 amounting to 2.1 M USD were partially received during FY 2018-2019: Italy settled its outstanding contribution of 1.1 M USD. India is the last member with an overdue payment.

96 — CHAPTER 5 5.2.3 EXPENDITURE OF PAYMENTS OF AWARDS AND SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES

Table 5.3 Payments of Awards and Scientific activities in thousands USD

FY2018-2019 FY 2018-2019 % of total FY 2017-2018 Program Var. Budget Payments payments Payments Program Grants 25 000 24 950 -50 50,64% 24 450 Young Investigator Grants 8 500 8 540 40 17,33% 8 550 Long-Term & Cross- 14 419 12 509 -1 910 25,39% 11 704 Disciplinary Fellowships Career Development Awards 2 900 2 700 -200 5,48% 2 500 Total Awards 50 819 48 699 -2 120 99% 47 204 Awardees meeting 313 116 -197 0,23% 86 Program meetings 400 427 27 0,87% 327 Nakasone award 42 18 -24 0,04% 10 Outreach activities 95 9 -86 0,02% 8 Scientific Activities 850 568 -282 1% 431 Total Awards 51 669 49 267 -2 402 100% 47 635 & Scientific activities

Payments per program as shown in Table 5.3 were as follows:

• Research Grants 33.490 M USD for Research Grants (24.950 M USD for Program Grants and 8.540 M USD for Young Investigator Grants) representing 67.9 % of total award payments. Program Grants and Young Investigators Grants paid in FY 2018-2019 were on budget.

• Fellowships 12.509 M USD for Long-Term and Cross-Disciplinary Fellows corresponding to 25.4 % of payments. Long-term Fellowships awards paid in FY 2018-2019 were 1.910 M USD below budget at 12.509 M USD. The date on which the fellowship actually starts and whether the recipient takes up the option to defer the third year of the Fellowships or not are relevant for the management of the Fellowship budget. These decisions can shift a significant portion of the total amount budgeted from one fiscal year to another without changing the total amount disbursed.

• Career Development Awards 2.700 M USD for CDA holders, the equivalent of 5.5 % of payments. The annual cost of Career Development Awards was 0.2 M USD below budget because of two deferrals to the following fiscal year.

FINANCE — 97 Table 5.4 shows total payments for all schemes to scientific institutions of HFSPO Members and non-members (non- members include Argentina, Brazil, Chile, China, Hong-Kong, Israel, Mexico, Pakistan, Russia, and South Africa).

Table 5.4 Geographical distribution of HFSP awards in FY 2018-2019 in thousands USD

Awards / Career Long-Term + Research Total % geographical Development Cross -Disciplinary Grants in K USD all awards area Awards Fellowships Australia - 172 1 028 1 200 2% Canada 200 162 1 512 1 874 4% EU 500 1 360 4 502 6 362 13% France 200 385 3 498 4 083 8% Germany 600 530 4 641 5 770 12% India 100 - 233 333 1% Italy - - 462 462 1% Japan 200 35 1 787 2 022 4% Korea - - 539 539 1% New Zealand - - 113 113 0% Singapore - 29 665 694 1% Switzerland - 2 245 1 584 3 830 8% UK 200 641 2 749 3 590 7% USA 100 6 699 8 404 15 203 31% Non Members 600 251 1 773 2 624 5% Total 2 700 12 509 33 490 48 699 100%

In terms of geographical distribution, 49% of the total amount of awards disbursed in FY 2018-2019 went to awardees in Europe, 35% to North America, 10% to awardees in Asia-Pacific and 5% to non HFSP members

• Scientific activities Approximately 0.568 M USD were paid for scientific activities including the Awardees Meeting, Program meetings, Nakasone Award and outreach activities. Total annual expenditure was 282 K USD below budget mainly due to lower expenses for the 18th Awardees meeting in July 2018, in Toronto.

Costs related to review committees for Research Grants, Fellowships and Career Development Awards, travel costs for members of the Council of Scientists and the Independent Scientific Review Committee are integrated into Program meeting expenditure, as per Table 5.5.

98 — CHAPTER 5 Table 5.5 Breakdown in Program meetings expenditure in thousands USD

FY 2018-2019 FY 2017-2018 Program meetings expenditure Var. Payments Payments

Alumni 0 1 -1

Council of Scientists 55 33 22

Review Committee Fellowships 115 109 6

Review Committee Grants 107 99 8

Review Committee CDA 45 36 9

Selection Committee 41 42 0

Independent Scientific Review 25 7 18

Other 38 1 37

Total 427 327 99

Travel and accommodation costs for all categories are included in the amounts above. For Review Committee panels, honoraria paid for the reviews are also included. Independent Scientific Review Committee costs totalled 25k USD, for travel and accommodation in Paris and Strasbourg. The costs of the analysis commissioned by this committee and performed by Science Metrix are included in Consultancy fees, in HFSPO Operational costs. Other expenditure was mainly composed of costs related to the participation fee for HFSP awardees to attend the 68th Nobel Laureate Meeting in Lindau in June 2018.

FINANCE — 99 5.2.4. EXPENDITURE FOR HFSPO OPERATIONAL COSTS

The HFSP Secretariat has 15 employees who manage and implement Program activities

Table 5.6 Breakdown of operational costs for the HFSP Secretariat in thousands USD

Table 6 HFSPO Operational FY 2018-2019 FY 2018-19 FY 2017-2018 Breakdown of operational costs for the HFSP Secretariat Actual Expenditure Budget Var. Actual

Payroll 1 963 1 798 -164 1 851

Social charges & taxes 1 070 1 030 -40 1 048

Other personal costs 24 21 -3 30

Admin. meetings 108 154 46 132

Staff travel 113 110 -2 79

Equipment 1 0 -1 0

Consultancy fee 344 291 -53 166

IT 353 162 -191 133

Telecommunication 11 8 -2 10

Communication & advertising 56 61 5 48

Building running costs & security 76 65 -11 61

Property taxes 31 29 -2 31

Utilities 21 20 -1 19

Insurance 8 7 0 6

Supplies 12 9 -3 9

Misceallenous 7 3 -4 6

Income tax 250 161 -89 106

Total HFSP Operation 4 446 3 928 -517 3 735

In FY 2018, operational expenditure reached 3.928 M USD representing 7.3% of total expenditure. It was 0.517 M USD below budget because of a volume effect of 247 K USD (lower expenditure) and an exchange rate impact of 270 K USD (exchange rate variation). The HFSP Secretariat is located in France and its operational costs occur mostly in EUR. Actual costs above are shown in USD at the annual average exchange rate EUR/USD of 0.86, whereas the budget was prepared on the basis of an exchange rate EUR/USD of 0.80. The increase in operational expenditure of 0.193 M USD compared to FY 2017-2018 is due to additional costs related to the analysis commissioned by the Independent Scientific Review Committee and performed by Science Metrix, at 104 K USD; and by additional consultancy fees in relation to GDPR compliance (23 K USD) and the design and launch of the new HFSP website (50 K USD). There were also small additional costs for administrative meetings mainly due to a second AGM held in Strasbourg in November 2018.

100 — CHAPTER 5 5.3 STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL POSITION

HFSPO’s financial position, that is the balance between its assets and its liabilities, is shown in Table 5.7. A positive position ensures that the payments to current awardees are guaranteed for the period of their award by HFSPO’s available resources.

Table 5.7 Assets and liabilities at actual rates in thousands USD

ASSETS FY 2018-19 LIABILITIES FY 2018-19

Program Grants 25 050

Current bank accounts 10 719 Young Investigators Grants 8 660

Saving accounts 2 685 Long-Term Fellowships 18 866

Long & short-term investments 50 900 Career Development Award 3 500

Total cash 64 303 Total committed funds 56 076

Outstanding contributions 4 030 Deferred income 2 840

Assets 3 593 Debts 486

Net income balance FY 2018/2019 485 Non-current provision 349

Net financial position (positive) 12 659

Total assets as of 31/03/2019 72 411 Total liabilities as of 31/03/19 72 411

FINANCE — 101 • Assets HFSPO assets include cash invested with various levels of liquidity in accounts and capital products (current accounts, short term deposits, and medium term notes) for a total of 64.303 M USD, outstanding contributions (HFSPO members with overdue contributions for FY 2018-2019: 2.2 M USD from India, 1.1 M USD from Italy, 0.7 M USD from Germany), assets including real estate property (office building is registered at its market value: 3.371 M USD) and the net income balance at year-end 2018-2019 for 0.485 M USD.

• Liabilities There are no long-term liabilities other than awards payable to current awardees beyond FY 2018-2019. These amount to 56.076 M USD. Short-term liabilities include deferred income (contributions from HFSPO Members for fiscal year 2019-2020 already received at year- end and financial support from the Wellcome Trust for 200 K GBP for the launch of the Global Biodata Coalition in FY 2019-2020) for 2.840 M USD, some current suppliers and fiscal debts for French social charges of 0.486 M USD, and another 0.349 M USD for termination benefits for a staff member to be paid in June 2019. At the end of fiscal year 2018-2019, HFSPO assets exceeded its liabilities by 12.659 M USD.

This is in line with the balance presented in the budget for 2018-2019 for 13.0 M USD during the AGM in July 2018 in Toronto.

102 — CHAPTER 5 FINANCE — 103 Appendix A1 Joint Communiqué of the Intergovernmental Conference 106 on the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization, London, 10 June 2016 A2 Summary of decisions of the Board of Trustees in FY 2018 114 A3 Council of Scientists 116 A4 Secretariat 117 A.1 Joint communiqué

Intergovernmental Conference of the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization London, 10 June 2016

Representatives of the Management Supporting Parties (MSPs) of Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Singapore, Switzerland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and of the European Union met at an Intergovernmental Conference (IGC) on 10 June 2016 in London (UK) to review the progress made and discuss the future of the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO).

1. MISSION AND ADDED VALUE OF THE HUMAN FRONTIER SCIENCE PROGRAM (HFSP)

a) Representatives recognise that the ever-growing complexity and diversity of science makes international collaboration more imperative than ever.

b) Independent reviews acknowledge that HFSPO has an impressive track record in stimulating world-class excellence in high-risk/high- impact science and career development which, because of HFSP’s particular niche (small-scale, bottom-up, high-risk, interdisciplinary, intercontinental), has significant added value.

c) Representatives recognize that as a result of the investment made up to now, HFSPO is uniquely positioned as a global cooperation in supporting frontier life-sciences research. Representatives acknowledge the role of Japan as the initiator of HFSPO, its largest contributor and the cornerstone of its hitherto success and sustainability.

106 — APPENDIX 2. CONTINUATION OF THE HUMAN FRONTIER SCIENCE PROGRAM a) Representatives renew their commitment to HFSPO. b) Representatives confirm the mission given to HFSPO to promote research into the complex mechanisms of living organisms for the benefit of humankind. c) Representatives confirm their aim to maintain the uniqueness of HFSPO in supporting innovative, frontier research in the life sciences, encouraging high risk research and promoting international collaboration in the spirit of science without borders. d) Representatives note the range of programs within the HFSPO portfolio (Annex 1) and request the Board of Trustees to continue to reflect upon and consider these to ensure they continue to serve HFSPO’s mission. e) Representatives acknowledge the need to ensure a sustained budget to maintain the attractiveness of HFSP, improve awarding capacity and be inclusive of fields as they emerge on the frontiers of the life sciences.

3. FINANCES

a) While representatives acknowledge and commend the leading role of Japan in supporting HFSPO for over 25 years, they also acknowledge that the time has come for greater burden-sharing to ensure that HFSP continues to make profound contributions in extending the frontiers.

b) Representatives accept a financial framework for their indicative contributions to HFSPO for the period 2017-2019 (Table A.1)

c) Representatives recognise the urgent need to move towards the development and application of new principles for calculating financial contributions in the long-term, taking into account quantitative and/ or qualitative indicators and the impact of currency issues for MSPs’ contributions and income to HFSPO.

d) Representatives encourage the Board of Trustees to seek additional resources from non MSP sources.

APPENDIX — 107 4. NEW MEMBERS a) Representatives are pleased to welcome Singapore which joined the Program in 2014. b) Representatives encourage the Board to promote membership in HFSPO and reconfirm its view that HFSPO is open to new members, which enable the Program to better fulfil its mission. New members are a source of scientific enrichment and an indicator of the health and excellence of the Organization.

Table A.1 Indicative Management Supporting Party Contributions 2017 – 2019 (in k local currencies)

MANAGEMENT SUPPORTING CURRENCY OF CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION CONTRIBUTION PARTY CONTRIBUTION FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019

JAPAN USD 21,043 21,043 21,043

AUSTRALIA USD 772 788 803

CANADA CAD 1,999 2,039 2,08

EUROPEAN UNION 2 Euro 5,057 5,158 5,261

FRANCE Euro 2,367 2,415 2,463

GERMANY Euro 4,71 4,805 4,901

INDIA USD 1,071 1,092 1,114

ITALY Euro 956 975 995

KOREA USD 846 863 880

NEW ZEALAND USD 147 150 153

NORWAY 3 USD 658 671 685

SINGAPORE USD 552 563 574

SWITZERLAND CHF 938 957 976

UNITED KINGDOM GBP 1,562 1,593 1,625

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA USD 10,749 10,964 11,183

1 As of 25 October 2016, the EU confirmed the figures above, following adoption of Horizon 2020 (the EU Framework Programme for Research and innovation 2014-2020). 2 As of 14 November 2016, Norway confirmed the figures above.

108 — APPENDIX NOTES

1. The contributions from 2017 are calculated by increasing the amount in the final year (2016) of the Brussels IGC agreement (2013) and increasing this by 2% yearly. 2. Using reference rates of 1 USD = 0.90 Euro, 1.3 CAD, 1 CHF and 0.65 GBP, this would provide HFSPO with totals of USD 55,261 , 55,947 and 56,644 in 2017, 2018 and 2019 respectively. The actual total amount will vary with changes in exchange rates of these currencies against the USD. 3. Japan’s proportional support will fall from 38% to 37% (dependent on exchange rate changes). 4. Financial contribution of Japan is subject to change, depending on exchange-rate fluctuations due to the yen based contributions.

APPENDIX — 109 Table A.2 Activities of HFSPO

The Board of Trustees of the International Human Frontier Science Program Organization have identified the following Programs for support for the period 2017-19.

RESEARCH GRANTS FELLOWSHIPS CAREER DEVELOPMENT Program Grants support Long-Term Fellowships. The AWARDS innovative 3 year research aim of the Fellowship program The CDA program was designed to projects involving extensive is to promote the international be a tool to facilitate repatriation collaboration amongst small (2 to exchange of talented early career of HFSP postdoctoral fellows 4 member) teams of independent scientists for research training in and help them set up their first scientists (group leaders), working the life sciences, with priority given independent laboratory at a in different countries and in to applicants who will broaden vulnerable career stage. The award different disciplines. They are their research skills by moving into can be held either in the fellow’s for investigator driven frontier a new area of study. Applicants home country, their spouse’s home research in the life sciences. for Long Term Fellowships have a country or in any HFSP member Ph.D. in a biological discipline. country. The value of the award Young Investigator Grants. is 300,000 USD over three years. The same general conditions apply Cross-Disciplinary Fellowships. The Career Development Award but these grants are reserved for Applicants for a Cross Disciplinary is under review by the Board of teams where all team members are Fellowship have a Ph.D. from Trustees. within 5 years of starting their first outside the life sciences (e.g. in independent position (and within physics, chemistry, mathematics, 10 years of receiving a PhD). engineering, computer sciences, etc.)

NAKASONE AWARD Based on current policies and The Nakasone Award is made to assumptions, the Board of scientists who have undertaken Trustees estimated that these frontier-moving research in contributions will be able to biology, encompassing conceptual, support 32 Research Grants, 75 experimental or technological Long Term Fellowships, and 8 breakthroughs. The Award Career development Awards. In recognises the vision of former 2016, the Board supported 32, 75 Prime Minister Nakasone of Japan and 8 awards respectively. in the creation of HFSP.

110 — APPENDIX Australia

Canada

European Union

France

Germany

India

Italy

Japan

New Zealand

Norway

Republic of Korea

Singapore

Switzerland

United Kingdom

United States of America

APPENDIX — 111

A.2 Summary of decisions of the Board of Trustees in FY 2018

1. Approval of the minutes of the 53rd Board meeting. Annual General 2. Approval of the contents of Annual Report FY 2017 for publication on the HFSP website, pending one modification and use of ISO codes Meeting, throughout. (54th Meeting), 3. Approval of the report of the Chair of the Council of Scientists. 4. Approval of the selection of the 2019 Nakasone Award winner (Prof. 11-12 July 2018 Michael Hall).

5. Approval of the Internal Audit Committee Report and agreement with the actions proposed by the Secretariat.

6. Approval of the appointment of Theresa Good to the Internal Audit Committee.

7. Acceptance of the report of the Contributions’ Formula Working group and its recommendations.

8. Approval of the Statutory Auditors’ report.

9. Approval of the Secretary-General’s Management Report.

10. Approval of the amended HFSPO Budget FY 2018

11. Approval of the Program Activity Plan FY 2018 with one amendment, that the CDA program is under review and that its continuation will be decided by the Board during 2018.

12. Approval of the Risk Register, subject to changes in format.

13. Approval of Bylaw Section C. Council of Scientists.

14. Approval of Bylaw Section L. Investment Advisory Committee, pending one editorial amendment.

15. Approval of the process for the Treasurer to confirm total funding available for annual awards.

16. Approval of the initial version of a HFSPO privacy policy, subject to one addition.

17. Election of Shigekazu Nagata as President of HFSPO with immediate effect.

114 — APPENDIX 1. Approval of the minutes of the 2018 Annual General meeting (54th Board meeting) subject to modifications. th 55 meeting 2. Acceptance of the report of the ISRC. of the Board 3. Decision to terminate the Career Development Award from 2020. 4. Approval of the recommendation to reappoint Tony Krizan and of Trustees, Francois Matisse to the IAC, to appoint HFSPO staff member Jennifer Sayol to the IAC and to amend the wording of the Bylaws, Section Strasbourg, F Internal Audit Committee to provide for five rather than three members.

5-6 November 2018 5. Decision to wait for a well-developed implementation model for Plan S (European Open Science Mandate) before deciding HFSPO policy on this.

6. Decision to authorise the Secretary-General to proceed with hosting a secretariat to the Coalition on a cost neutral, time limited basis (18-24 months), avoiding unreasonable legal responsibility falling on HFSPO.

7. Approval of the appointment of Prof. Yik Ying Teo to the Council of Scientists, representing Singapore.

7 December 2018 Decision on scenario preferences for voluntary contributions and feedback on Strategic Plan Decisions taken 2020-2022. 8 January 2019 Approval of appointment of Prof. Leonardo out of session by Chelazzi to the Council of Scientists.

10 January 2019 Decision to initiate procedure towards an electronic vote voluntary redundancy of staff member. (indicating deadline 25 January 2019 Approval of draft Strategic Plan 2020-2022 and Program Activity Plan 2019. for approval) 8 February 2019 Approval of short-list for recruitment of Director of Research Grants.

14 March 2019 Approval of terms and process for a voluntary separation.

15 March 2019 Election of Theresa Good as Vice-President.

25 March 2019 Approval of 2019 awards.

APPENDIX — 115 A.3 Council of Scientists

CHAIR Daniela RHODES, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

VICE-CHAIRS Anne-Claude GINGRAS, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, at Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada Hendrik STUNNENBERG, University of Nijmegen, Netherlands

AUSTRALIA Gabrielle BELZ, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne

CANADA Daniela RHODES, Nanyang Technological University, Anne-Claude GINGRAS, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Singapore Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto

EUROPEAN COMMISSION Hendrik STUNNENBERG, University of Nijmegen, REPUBLIC OF KOREA Netherlands under appointment

FRANCE NEW ZEALAND under appointment under appointment

GERMANY NORWAY Helmut GRUBMÜLLER, Max-Planck-Institut for Vincent EIJSINK, Norwegian University of Life Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen Sciences, Ås

INDIA SINGAPORE Vidita VAIDYA, Tata Institute of Fundamental Daniela RHODES, Nanyang Technological Research, Mumbai University

ITALY SWITZERLAND Fabrizio BENEDETTI, University of Turin Medical Theodor LANDIS, University of Geneva School (until January 2019) Leonardo CHELAZZI, University of Verona (from UNITED KINGDOM January 2019) Beverly GLOVER, University of Cambridge

JAPAN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Tadashi UEMURA, Kyoto University Thomas DANIEL, University of Washington

116 — APPENDIX A.4 Secretariat

EXECUTIVE OFFICE Warwick ANDERSON (Australia), Secretary General Hideki MIZUMA (Japan), Deputy Secretary General Jill HUSSER (UK), Assistant

SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS AND COMMUNICATIONS Guntram BAUER (Germany), Director Rosalyn HUIE (UK), Assistant

RESEARCH GRANTS Geoffrey RICHARDS (UK), Director Carole ASNAGHI (France), Assistant Armelle KOUKOUI (Benin), Assistant

FELLOWSHIPS Barbara PAULY (Germany), Director Marie-Claude PERDIGUES (France), Assistant Carine SCHMITT (France), Assistant

ADMINISTRATION AND FINANCE Isabelle HEIDT-COQUARD (France), Director Severine ETCHANCHU (France), Assistant Jennifer SAYOL (France), Assistant

IT SYSTEMS Xavier SCHNEIDER (France), Manager

ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER Akira ARAI (Japan)

VISITING SCIENTIFIC OFFICER Takeya ADACHI (Japan)

APPENDIX — 117

HFSPO

Registre des Associations de Strasbourg Volume 60 - Folio 99

The International Human Frontier Science Program Organization (HFSPO) 12 quai Saint Jean BP 10034 67080 Strasbourg CEDEX France Fax. +33 (0)3 88 32 88 97 e-mail: [email protected] website: www.hfsp.org Japanese website: https://www.amed.go.jp/program/list/03/01/010.html

PHOTO CREDITS

HFSPO thanks Jean-Marc de Balthasar (p. 10), Sandro Weltin (p. 13, 15), Liang Zhao (p. 24), Seckin Sinan Isik (p. 36), David Aussenhofer (p. 47), University of Waikato, New Zealand (P. 52), Kendall Townend (pp. 74, 75), Guntram Bauer (pp. 73, 74, 76) for supplementary photos in addition to the one provided by Declan Bates (p. 43).

Illustrations, including the cover page, are on the theme of fruits including pineapple, kiwi, strawberry, fig, orange, melon and peach, DNA, and abstracts figures. (© istock/getty images)

Conception: Voituriez & Obringer / agencevo.com of thefollowing organizations : HFSPO isgrateful for thesupport Acknowledgements National Science Foundation (NSF) National Institutes ofHealth(NIH) ofAmerica United States Medical Research Council (MRC) Research Council (BBSRC) Biotechnology andBiological Sciences United Kingdom and Innovation (SERI) State Secretariat for Education, Research Switzerland National Research Foundation ofSingapore (NRF) Singapore Research Council ofNorway (RCN) Norway Health Research Council ofNew Zealand (HRC) New Zealand ofScienceMinistry andICT Republic ofKorea and Technology (MEXT) ofEducation,Ministry Culture, Sports, Science ofEconomy,Ministry Trade andIndustry (METI) Japanese Agency for Medical Research andDevelopment (AMED) Japan ofEducation,Ministry University andResearch (CNR) Italy ofScience Ministry ofBiotechnology andTechnologyDepartment (DBT), India Federal ofEducation Ministry andResearch (BMBF) Germany Région Alsace Ministère del’Enseignement Supérieur etdelaRecherche (MESR) Strasbourg Eurométropole France Directorate-General for Research andInnovation (DGRESEARCH) European Commission Natural Sciences andEngineering Research Council (NSERC) Canadian Institute ofHealthResearch (CIHR) Canada National HealthandMedical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia

https://www.amed.go.jp/en/program/list/03/01/010.html Science Program (HFSPO) Organization The International HumanFrontier International The 67080 Strasbourg CEDEX - France 12 quaiSaint12 Jean - BP10034 Fax. +33 (0)3 883297 Web site: www.hfsp.org e-mail: [email protected] Japanese web site:

ANNUAL REPORT 2018