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Archives De Pierre Buser Fonds Pierre Buser (1921-2013) Centre d’Archives en Philosophie, Histoire et Édition des Sciences (UMS3610, CNRS-ENS Paris) Fonds Pierre Buser (1921-2013) Plan de l’inventaire : Informations liminaires I. Carrière (PB 1.1) II. Textes de Pierre Buser (PB 1.2-PB 4) III. Cours de Pierre Buser (PB 5.1-PB 5.3) IV. Journées d’études (PB 5.4-PB 6.8) V. Correspondance (PB 6.9-PB 7.5) VI. Documentation de travail (PB 7.6-PB 19.4) Index des noms cités dans l’inventaire CAPHÉS -2018 Page 1 Fonds Pierre Buser (1921-2013) Biographie : Notice issue du site de l’Académie des sciences Pierre Buser, né le 19 août 1921 est décédé le 29 décembre 2013. Il avait été élu correspondant de l'Académie le 4 février 1980, puis membre le 6 juin 1988 dans la section actuellement dénommée Biologie intégrative. Ancien élève de l'École normale supérieure, il était professeur émérite à l'Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie. Neurophysiologiste, il fut un des fondateurs, en France et dans le monde, de la physiologie intégrative moderne du système nerveux. Il appartenait à l'École de neurophysiologie du comportement qui poursuit ses investigations dans le champ de la psychophysiologie et des fonctions infiniment complexes du cerveau. Avec lui, c'est le maître de toute une génération de neurobiologistes qui [a disparu]. Pierre Buser a consacré ses travaux à la neurophysiologie et à la psychophysiologie. Il [a poursuivi] ses investigations dans le champ infiniment complexe des fonctions du cerveau. Les travaux de Pierre Buser se sont de façon permanente centrés autour des activités électrophysiologiques du cerveau, comme marqueurs de son activité, en liaison avec le comportement de l’animal. Dans les années lointaines, étudier le cerveau des mammifères lui avait paru trop complexe pour se prêter à l’analyse fine et il eut donc recours à des modèles simplifiés, à savoir le système visuel des vertébrés inférieurs (poissons et batraciens). Grâce à cette simplification, il a pu déceler la contribution des divers segments des neurones récepteurs de leur centre optique. Puis, Pierre Buser s'est orienté vers l’analyse fonctionnelle du cortex cérébral et s'est efforcé de porter ses investigations sur ses fonctions sensorielles. Dans une première période, il a appliqué à cette exploration les méthodes alors nouvelles d’investigation par microélectrodes intracellulaires. L’animal, bien entendu anesthésié, était exploré dans son cortex cérébral et Pierre Buser a pu, avec Albe- Fessard, réaliser les premières explorations intracellulaires dans les neurones du cortex moteur du chat. Bien vite ensuite, se sont déroulées des explorations du cortex du chat, dont le but était ambitieux, mais qui a réussi. Il semblait impensable que ses aires réceptrices sensorielles soient entièrement séparées par des zones ne recevant aucune information sensorielle. Une analyse longue et suivie a démontré que l’ensemble des aires corticales, celles en particulier classiquement dénommées associatives, bénéficiait d’une abondance de projections de tous les systèmes sensoriels. Ces recherches conduisirent Pierre Buser vers une autre problématique, celle de l’organisation de la locomotion chez le lapin et le chat, de ses commandes centrales et du rôle des zones centrales du cerveau. Un des points forts de ce travail fut de démontrer l’automatisme interne des mouvements réguliers de marche, les sensibilités des membres ne jouant qu’un rôle accessoire. Enfin, la période récente et finale de la carrière de Pierre Buser a été consacrée à des analyses effectuées, en collaboration avec Arlette Rougeul-Buser et son équipe, sur l’animal totalement éveillé, coopératif, libre de ses mouvements, en général soumis à une tâche motrice apprise et porteur de capteurs implantés à demeure en vue de suivre son activité cérébrale. Leur contribution majeure a concerné les événements électro-corticaux concomitants d’épisodes impliquant divers stades d’attention de l’animal. L’enregistrement des rythmes corticaux leur a en particulier permis de faire la différence entre deux situations psychologiquement distinctes, celle d’attente d’un événement à venir et celle d’une attention concentrée sur un objectif visible. Pierre Buser estime que cette recherche sur des animaux dépourvus de tout narcotique, en situation non-stressante avec un CAPHÉS -2018 Page 2 Fonds Pierre Buser (1921-2013) expérimentateur bien connu d’eux, devrait constituer un modèle de travail pour de futurs investigateurs des corrélations entre activité cérébrale et comportement. Tels sont les axes principaux de l'activité de recherche effectuée pendant trente années d’exercice, combinée bien entendu à des activités d’enseignement et de direction d’un laboratoire devenu dans les dernières années, l’Institut des neurosciences de l’université Pierre et Marie Curie. [Enfin], Pierre Buser a étendu ses domaines d’intérêt à l’histoire et à l’épistémologie des neurosciences dans leur aspect le plus complexe des sciences cognitives et de la philosophie de l’esprit. De rédacteur d’articles spécialisés de neurosciences, il s'implique maintenant dans des essais où il discute des fondements neurobiologiques de l’esprit, de la conscience et de l’inconscient. Description : Le fonds est constitué principalement des archives de travail des dernières années de la vie de Pierre Buser ; une grande majorité date des années 90 et 2000, quelques cours de mathématiques et d'acoustique musicale datent des années 70. Acquisition : Archives données par la fille de Pierre Buser au CAPHÉS en 2014. Documents en relation: Le Centre documentaire du CAPHÉS conserve également la bibliothèque de travail de Pierre Buser (ouvrages cotés « BUS »). Informations sur le classement : Le cadre de classement décidé par le CAPHÉS a respecté les dossiers constitués par Pierre Buser. Les titres forgés par Pierre Buser sont entourés de guillemets. Conditions de communication : Fonds ouvert à tous les chercheurs susceptibles d'être intéressés par l'œuvre de Pierre Buser. Conditions de reproduction : La reproduction et l'exploitation des documents sont possibles sur autorisation, et à condition de respecter l'obligation de citation. Importance matérielle : 19 boîtes Citer sous la forme : CAPHÉS, Fonds Buser, [cote] CAPHÉS -2018 Page 3 Fonds Pierre Buser (1921-2013) Cote : PB 1.1 Titre : Carrière Cote : PB 1.1.1 Titre : "Pierre Buser" Importance matérielle : 11 pièces Description : Tiré à part d'origine inconnue sur les titres et travaux de Pierre Buser. 11 exemplaires signés. Texte imprimé. Cote : PB 1.1.2 Titre : Mémoire de proposition pour le grade d'Officier dans l'ordre de la Légion d'Honneur Importance matérielle : 3 feuillets Description : Document rassemblant les titres et travaux de Pierre Buser. Cote : PB 1.2-PB 4 Titre : Textes de Pierre Buser : articles, manuscrits Cote : PB 1.2-PB 1.8 Titre : Conscience, cognition animale, psychologie cognitive, Théorie de l'esprit (TDE) Cote : PB 1.2 Titre : "Première esquisse concernant le ‘Développement du cerveau’, de l'animal à l'homme" Date : 1999 Importance matérielle : 34 feuillets Description : En avant-titre : "Singes-hommes" et "Houlgate 99". Cote : PB 1.3 Titre : Classeur "TDE/TOM/Ψisme" : [Théories de l'esprit/Theories of Mind, Psychologisme] Date : 2000-2008 Importance matérielle : 176 feuillets Description : Textes de Pierre Buser sur les théories de l'esprit et le psychologisme notamment un article ayant pour titre "Pour actualiser un vieux débat. Réhabiliter un certain psychologisme" ; analyses de livres écrits par Alain Bourdeau, Husserl, Heidegger, Hilary Putnam, Searle ; articles associés. Cote : PB 1.4.1 Titre : "Quelle valeur l'exploration du mental peut-elle donner aux modèles ? : contraintes et défis : modèles en neurosciences cognitives : un changement de paradigme : Qui est modèle de quoi ? Date : 26 octobre 2005 Importance matérielle : 4 feuillets Description : Texte dactylographié. Avant-titre : "Différences de paradigmes 26/10/05". CAPHÉS -2018 Page 4 Fonds Pierre Buser (1921-2013) Cote : PB 1.4.2 Titre : Pierre Buser, "Modèles en neurosciences cognitives : un changement de paradigme" Date : octobre 2005 Importance matérielle : 2 feuillets Description : Texte dactylographié et annoté. Cote : PB 1.5 Titre : "Hôtel Dieu 11/07" Date : Novembre 2007 Description : Texte et notes manuscrits écrits par Pierre Buser alors qu'il était à l'Hôpital. Cote : PB 1.5.1 Titre : Texte sur "Ontologie et esprit", spiritualité et matérialisme Importance matérielle : 33 feuillets Cote : PB 1.5.2 Titre : "Marquage, concomitance, causalité en neurosciences" Importance matérielle : 7 feuillets Cote : PB 1.5.3 Titre : "Mentalisation altérée, mentalisme altéré, altération mentale" Importance matérielle : 14 feuillets Cote : PB 1.5.4 Titre : "Marjorie Lorch, Ribot" Importance matérielle : 6 feuillets Cote : PB 1.6 Titre : Mind Facing Neurones Description : Texte de Pierre Buser et articles associés. Cote : PB 1.6.1-PB 1.6.3 Titre : "Mind Facing Neurones" Cote : PB 1.6.1 Titre : Pierre Buser "Mind Facing Neurons : philosophical questions from a neuroscientist at twilight" Date : juillet 2009 Importance matérielle : 29 feuillets Description : Dactylographié. Cote : PB 1.6.2 Titre : "Projet d'écriture fin 09/05" CAPHÉS -2018 Page 5 Fonds Pierre Buser (1921-2013) Date : septembre 2005-avril 2006 Importance matérielle : 3 feuillets Description : Liste de titres pour un ouvrage à écrire en collaboration avec Claude Debru. Cote : PB 1.6.3 Titre : Denis Buican "Dieu contre Darwin" Importance matérielle : 1 feuillet Description : Coupure de presse extraite du journal
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