EASP GM 2014 Programme & Abstracts
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Pathogens, Personality, and Culture: Disease Prevalence Predicts Worldwide Variability in Sociosexuality, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology Copyright 2008 by the American Psychological Association 2008, Vol. 95, No. 1, 212–221 0022-3514/08/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.212 Pathogens, Personality, and Culture: Disease Prevalence Predicts Worldwide Variability in Sociosexuality, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience Mark Schaller and Damian R. Murray University of British Columbia Previous research has documented cross-cultural differences in personality traits, but the origins of those differences remain unknown. The authors investigate the possibility that these cultural differences can be traced, in part, to regional differences in the prevalence in infectious diseases. Three specific hypotheses are deduced, predicting negative relationships between disease prevalence and (a) unrestricted sociosex- uality, (b) extraversion, and (c) openness to experience. These hypotheses were tested empirically with methods that employed epidemiological atlases in conjunction with personality data collected from individuals in dozens of countries worldwide. Results were consistent with all three hypotheses: In regions that have historically suffered from high levels of infectious diseases, people report lower mean levels of sociosexuality, extraversion, and openness. Alternative explanations are addressed, and possible underlying mechanisms are discussed. Keywords: culture, disease prevalence, extraversion, openness to experience, sociosexuality People’s personalities differ, and some of that individual vari- For example, Schmitt (2005) and his collaborators in the Inter- ability is geographically clumped. But why is that so? How are we national Sexuality Description Project assessed worldwide vari- to understand the origins of regional differences in personality? A ability in chronic tendencies toward either a “restricted” or “unre- complete response to that question will surely require attention to stricted” sociosexual style. -
What Is the Cognitive Neuroscience of Art… and Why Should We Care? W
What Is the Cognitive Neuroscience of Art… and Why Should We Care? W. P. Seeley Bates College There has been considerable interest in recent years in whether, and if so to what degree, research in neuroscience can contribute to philosophical studies of mind, epistemology, language, and art. This interest has manifested itself in a range of research in the philosophy of music, dance, and visual art that draws on results from studies in neuropsychology and cognitive neuroscience.1 There has been a concurrent movement within empirical aesthet- ics that has produced a growing body of research in the cognitive neuroscience of art.2 However, there has been very little collaboration between philosophy and the neuroscience of art. This is in part due, to be frank, to a culture of mutual distrust. Philosophers of art AMERICAN SOCIETY have been generally skeptical about the utility of empirical results to their research and vocally dismissive of the value of what has come to be called neuroaesthetics. Our counter- for AESThetics parts in the behavioral sciences have been, in turn, skeptical about the utility of stubborn philosophical skepticism. Of course attitudes change…and who has the time to hold a An Association for Aesthetics, grudge? So in what follows I would like to draw attention to two questions requisite for Criticism and Theory of the Arts a rapprochement between philosophy of art and neuroscience. First, what is the cognitive neuroscience of art? And second, why should any of us (in philosophy at least) care? Volume 31 Number 2 Summer 2011 1 What Is the Cognitive Neuroscience of There are obvious answers to each of these questions. -
Naar Een Betere Verkeerscirculatie in De Nieuwmarktbuurt
WERKGROEP VERKEER naar een betere verkeerscirculatie in de nieuwmarktbuurt In de zomer van 2014 heeft de Werkgroep Verkeer van de Bewonersraad Nieuwmarkt-Groot Waterloo het initiatief genomen om een plan te ontwerpen ter verbetering van de verkeersomstandigheden in de ruime Nieuwmarktbuurt. Het plan is bestemd voor het bestuur van Amsterdam en het Stadsdeel Amsterdam en bestaat uit de volgende onderdelen: 1. een kaart met de afbakening van het aandachtsgebied; 2. de aanleidingen en drijfveren; 3. een inventarisatie van de belangrijkste problemen; 4. een inventarisatie van de gebruikte sluiproutes, met kaart; 5. de gestelde doelen; 6. aannames; 7. een aantal scenario’s waarmee de Werkgroep Verkeer de problemen wil oplossen, die al dan niet in combinatie met elkaar kunnen worden toegepast, eventueel samen met 8. een concreet scenario om luchtvervuiling terug te dringen in de gehele binnenstad; 9. conclusies en aanbevelingen; 10. bijlagen. De Werkgroep Verkeer handelt in opdracht van de Bewonersraad en staat onder voorzitterschap van Peter Paschenegger. De leden zijn: Nico Beuk, Ilco Braam, Ben van Duin, Cliff van Dijk, Mariken de Goede, Manu Hartsuyker, Guido Pouw, Evert van Voskuilen en Jet Willers. Veel dank is de Werkgroep Verkeer verschuldigd voor de hulp en adviezen van de ambtenaren Wies Daamen, Auke-Jan Drenth en Eefke van Lier. In deze notitie wordt verwezen naar het begrip ‘Buurtparkeren’. Met toestemming van de initiatief- groep Buurtparkeren.nu hebben wij de tekst van dit initiatief als bijlage opgenomen in deze notitie, ter verduidelijking van dit begrip. Voor verdere informatie hierover verwijzen wij naar www.buurtparkeren.nu. De Werkgroep Verkeer is ook de opsteller van een notitie over de problemen die het taxiverkeer in de buurt veroorzaakt (Taxistandplaatsen Nieuwmarkt, voorstellen tot verbetering, mei 2015). -
Stewart2019.Pdf
Political Change and Scottish Nationalism in Dundee 1973-2012 Thomas A W Stewart PhD Thesis University of Edinburgh 2019 Abstract Prior to the 2014 independence referendum, the Scottish National Party’s strongest bastions of support were in rural areas. The sole exception was Dundee, where it has consistently enjoyed levels of support well ahead of the national average, first replacing the Conservatives as the city’s second party in the 1970s before overcoming Labour to become its leading force in the 2000s. Through this period it achieved Westminster representation between 1974 and 1987, and again since 2005, and had won both of its Scottish Parliamentary seats by 2007. This performance has been completely unmatched in any of the country’s other cities. Using a mixture of archival research, oral history interviews, the local press and memoires, this thesis seeks to explain the party’s record of success in Dundee. It will assess the extent to which the character of the city itself, its economy, demography, geography, history, and local media landscape, made Dundee especially prone to Nationalist politics. It will then address the more fundamental importance of the interaction of local political forces that were independent of the city’s nature through an examination of the ability of party machines, key individuals and political strategies to shape the city’s electoral landscape. The local SNP and its main rival throughout the period, the Labour Party, will be analysed in particular detail. The thesis will also take time to delve into the histories of the Conservatives, Liberals and Radical Left within the city and their influence on the fortunes of the SNP. -
The Distancing-Embracing Model of the Enjoyment of Negative Emotions in Art Reception
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2017), Page 1 of 63 doi:10.1017/S0140525X17000309, e347 The Distancing-Embracing model of the enjoyment of negative emotions in art reception Winfried Menninghaus1 Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany [email protected] Valentin Wagner Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany [email protected] Julian Hanich Department of Arts, Culture and Media, University of Groningen, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands [email protected] Eugen Wassiliwizky Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, 60322 Frankfurt am Main, Germany [email protected] Thomas Jacobsen Experimental Psychology Unit, Helmut Schmidt University/University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, 22043 Hamburg, Germany [email protected] Stefan Koelsch University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway [email protected] Abstract: Why are negative emotions so central in art reception far beyond tragedy? Revisiting classical aesthetics in the light of recent psychological research, we present a novel model to explain this much discussed (apparent) paradox. We argue that negative emotions are an important resource for the arts in general, rather than a special license for exceptional art forms only. The underlying rationale is that negative emotions have been shown to be particularly powerful in securing attention, intense emotional involvement, and high memorability, and hence is precisely what artworks strive for. Two groups of processing mechanisms are identified that conjointly adopt the particular powers of negative emotions for art’s purposes. -
Europass Curriculum Vitae
Baldry Anna Costanza CV Curriculum Vitae Personal information First name(s) / Surname(s) Anna Costanza Baldry Address(es) V.le Ellittico,31, postal code 81100, Caserta, Italy c/o Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples Telephone(s) +390823274766 Mobile: +39 3466113795 Fax(es) +39 0823274792 E-mail [email protected], [email protected] Website www.sara-cesvis.org Nationality Italian/British Date of birth London (UK) - 16/05/ 1970 Gender Female Work experience Dates 2005 till present [current university/academic position] Occupation or position held Associate professor in Social/Forensic Psychology [granted in 2014 to full professor capacity] Main activities and Teaching and research victimology, methods in social sciences, forensic psychology responsibilities student supervision (PhDs, graduates, undergraduates) Name and address of Second University of Naples, Department of Psychology employer Type of business or sector Psychology/Criminology Dates 2001-2004 Occupation or position held Lecture in Social Psychology and Interview, Questionnaire Techniques, Community Psychology, Psychology and Law (part time) Main activities and Teaching and research responsibilities Name and address of Second University of Naples. employer Type of business or sector Psychology Dates 2002-2003 Occupation or position held Researcher at the National Research Institute of Statistics, ISTAT Main activities and Research in charge of the International Violence Against Women Survey, for the responsibilities National part Name -
Memory Bang for the Attentional Buck
Social Psychological and Personality Science 1(2) 182-189 More Memory Bang for the Attentional ª The Author(s) 2010 Reprints and permission: Buck: Self-Protection Goals Enhance sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1948550609359202 Encoding Efficiency for Potentially http://spps.sagepub.com Threatening Males D. Vaughn Becker1, Uriah S. Anderson1, Steven L. Neuberg1, Jon K. Maner2, Jenessa R. Shapiro3, Joshua M. Ackerman4, Mark Schaller5, and Douglas T. Kenrick1 Abstract When encountering individuals with a potential inclination to harm them, people face a dilemma: Staring at them provides useful information about their intentions but may also be perceived by them as intrusive and challenging—thereby increasing the likelihood of the very threat the people fear. One solution to this dilemma would be an enhanced ability to efficiently encode such individuals—to be able to remember them without spending any additional direct attention on them. In two experiments, the authors primed self-protective concerns in perceivers and assessed visual attention and recognition memory for a variety of faces. Consistent with hypotheses, self-protective participants (relative to control participants) exhibited enhanced encoding efficiency (i.e., greater memory not predicated on any enhancement of visual attention) for Black and Arab male faces— groups stereotyped as being potentially dangerous—but not for female or White male faces. Results suggest that encoding efficiency depends on the functional relevance of the social information people encounter. Keywords encoding, memory, visual attention, threat, evolutionary psychology If you spent an hour people watching in a large city, which of second line of research builds on the premise that there are fun- the many passersby would you later be able to identify? Com- damental, recurring problems that humans have long faced and mon sense suggests that the faces you looked at longer would that evolved motivational systems manage these challenges by be better remembered. -
Guidelines for Parents and Educators on Child Online Protection ${Field
ITUPublications International Telecommunication Union Development Sector Guidelines for parents and educators on Child Online Protection 2020 Guidelines for parents and educators on Child Online Protection 2020 Acknowledgements These guidelines have been developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and a working group of contributing authors from leading institutions active in the sector of information and communication technologies (ICT) as well as in child (online) protection issues and included the following organisations: ECPAT International, the Global Kids Online network, the International Disability Alliance, the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), the London School of Economics and Political Science, Internet matters, Parent Zone International and the UK Safer Internet Centres/SWGfL. The working group was chaired by Karl Hopwood (Insafe network of Safer Internet Centres (Insafe))1 and coordinated by Fanny Rotino (ITU). Invaluable contributions were also received by COFACE-Families Europe, the Australian eSafety Commissioner, the European Commission, the European Council, the e-Worldwide Group (e-WWG), ICMEC, Youth and Media/Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society at Harvard University as well as individual national governments and private sector stakeholders that share a common objective of making the Internet a better and safer place for children and young people. These guidelines would not have been possible without the time, enthusiasm and dedication of the contributing authors. ITU is grateful -
Processing Fluency and Aesthetic Pleasure: Is Beauty in the Perceiver’S Processing Experience?
Personality and Social Psychology Review Copyright © 2004 by 2004, Vol. 8, No. 4, 364–382 Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Processing Fluency and Aesthetic Pleasure: Is Beauty in the Perceiver’s Processing Experience? Rolf Reber Department of Psychosocial Science University of Bergen, Norway Norbert Schwarz Department of Psychology and Institute for Social Research University of Michigan Piotr Winkielman Department of Psychology University of California, San Diego We propose that aesthetic pleasure is a function of the perceiver’s processing dynam- ics: The more fluently perceivers can process an object, the more positive their aes- thetic response. We review variables known to influence aesthetic judgments, such as figural goodness, figure–ground contrast, stimulus repetition, symmetry, and pro- totypicality, and trace their effects to changes in processing fluency. Other variables that influence processing fluency, like visual or semantic priming, similarly increase judgments of aesthetic pleasure. Our proposal provides an integrative framework for the study of aesthetic pleasure and sheds light on the interplay between early prefer- ences versus cultural influences on taste, preferences for both prototypical and ab- stracted forms, and the relation between beauty and truth. In contrast to theories that trace aesthetic pleasure to objective stimulus features per se, we propose that beauty is grounded in the processing experiences of the perceiver, which are in part a func- tion of stimulus properties. What is beauty? What makes for a beautiful face, kiewicz, 1970). This objectivist view inspired many appealing painting, pleasing design, or charming scen- psychological attempts to identify the critical contrib- ery? This question has been debated for at least 2,500 utors to beauty. -
Individual, Family, Peer, and School Risk Factors for Teacher Victimization*
EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES: THEORY & PRACTICE eISSN: 2148-7561, ISSN: 2630-5984 Received: 10 October 2019 Revision received: 22 October 2019 Copyright © 2019 ESTP Accepted: 24 October 2019 www.estp.com.tr DOI 10.12738/estp.2019.4.001 ⬧ October 2019 ⬧ 19(4) ⬧ 1-13 Article Individual, Family, Peer, and School Risk Factors for Teacher Victimization* Anna Sorrentino David P. Farrington Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Institute of Criminology, Cambridge University, Caserta, Italy Cambridge, UK Abstract In recent years, bullying and cyberbullying against teachers by students have been recognized as problems affecting educators teaching in different grades. Few studies to date have addressed explanatory risk factors related to the perpetrators (students) rather than the victims (teachers) in a longitudinal design, in order to establish the possible causes of this antisocial behavior to better develop prevention and intervention programs to reduce teacher victimization. The main aim of the present study is to analyze the effect on teacher victimization of individual and interpersonal risk factors, including empathy, moral disengagement, peer and parent support, awareness of online risks, and school climate. A total of 251 Italian students (aged 11-19) participated in a longitudinal study. The results showed that, for girls, high moral disengagement, low awareness of online risks and poor school climate were risk factors for later teacher victimization. For boys, high moral disengagement and low awareness of online risks were also risk factors, in addiction to low parental support and high peer support. The findings are discussed along with possible applications for prevention and intervention. Keywords Teacher victimization • risk factors • ecological system theory • longitudinal study * This study was part of a wider research project on student risk factors for bullying, cyberbullying and teacher victimization carried out with the support, contribution, and supervision of Anna Costanza Baldry. -
Preferences Under Pressure
Eric Skoog Preferences Under Pressure Conflict, Threat Cues and Willingness to Compromise Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Zootissalen, EBC, Villavägen 9, Uppsala, Friday, 13 March 2020 at 10:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Associate Professor Thomas Zeitzoff (American University, School of Public Affairs). Abstract Skoog, E. 2020. Preferences Under Pressure. Conflict, Threat Cues and Willingness to Compromise. Report / Department of Peace and Conflict Research 121. 66 pp. Uppsala: Department of Peace and Conflict Research. ISBN 978-91-506-2805-0. Understanding how preferences are formed is a key question in the social sciences. The ability of agents to interact with each other is a prerequisite for well-functioning societies. Nevertheless, the process whereby the preferences of agents in conflict are formed have often been black boxed, and the literature on the effects of armed conflict on individuals reveals a great variation in terms of outcomes. Sometimes, individuals are willing to cooperate and interact even with former enemies, while sometimes, we see outright refusal to cooperate or interact at all. In this dissertation, I look at the role of threat in driving some of these divergent results. Armed conflict is rife with physical threats to life, limb and property, and there has been much research pointing to the impact of threat on preferences, attitudes and behavior. Research in the field of evolutionary psychology has revealed that threat is not a singular category, but a nuanced phenomenon, where different types of threat may lead to different responses. -
An Introduction to Threat-Heuristic Theory Marika Landau-Wells June 18, 2018 Version
Old Solutions to New Problems: An Introduction to Threat-Heuristic Theory Marika Landau-Wells June 18, 2018 version Abstract The world is a dangerous place. This adage underlies many of the justifications for government. At a more granular level, protecting citizens from potential dangers serves as the justification for many of the measures governments undertake in the domains of foreign and domestic policy. Despite the relevance of danger writ large as a motivating force for outcomes of interest, political science has not yet interrogated the domain of dangers as a coherent space within which to study political preferences, attitudes and behaviors. In this paper, I develop Threat-Heuristic Theory (THT), a new individual-level model of the psychological processes connecting the detection of danger to preferences for reducing that danger through political action. I provide an extensive review of the threat perception literature in biology and cognitive science on which the theory is built. I argue that THT’s model is general enough to apply across the space of dangers writ large and that its mechanisms are species-typical and so apply both to ordinary citizens and to political elites. I also present observational and experimental data from two original surveys to support: (1) THT’s core concept of threat classification; (2) the distinctiveness of threat classification from other relevant constructs, including disposition and political ideology; and (3) the existence of a set of issue areas where THT is likely to outperform existing theories linking threat perception to political behavior. I show that this set includes topics of current relevance, including immigration, fundamentalism, and climate change.