The Shaw Laureates (2004 – 2020)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Shaw Laureates (2004 – 2020) The Shaw Laureates (2004 – 2020) YEAR Astronomy Life Science and Medicine Mathematical Sciences YEAR Astronomy Life Science and Medicine Mathematical Sciences David C Jewitt (USA) Franz-Ulrich Hartl (Germany) Two prizes awarded: 2012 Maxim Kontsevich (France) Jane Luu (USA) Arthur L Horwich (USA) (1) Stanley N Cohen (USA) 2004 P James E Peebles (USA) Herbert W Boyer (USA) Shiing-Shen Chern (China) Jeffrey C Hall (USA) Yuet-Wai Kan (USA) Steven A Balbus (UK) 2013 Michael Rosbash (USA) David L Donoho (USA) (2) Richard Doll (UK) John F Hawley (USA) Michael W Young (USA) Daniel Eisenstein (USA) Geoffrey Marcy (USA) Kazutoshi Mori (Japan) 2005 Michael Berridge (UK) Andrew John Wiles (UK) 2014 Shaun Cole (UK) George Lusztig (USA) Michel Mayor (Switzerland) Peter Walter (USA) John A Peacock (UK) Saul Perlmutter (USA) David Mumford (USA) Bonnie L Bassler (USA) Gerd Faltings (Germany) 2006 Adam Riess (USA) Xiaodong Wang (USA) 2015 William J Borucki (USA) Wentsun Wu (China) E Peter Greenberg (USA) Henryk Iwaniec (USA) Brian Schmidt (Australia) Ronald W P Drever (UK) Robert Langlands (USA) Adrian P Bird (UK) 2007 Peter Goldreich (USA) Robert Lefkowitz (USA) 2016 Kip S Thorne (USA) Nigel J Hitchin (UK) Richard Taylor (UK) Huda Y Zoghbi (USA) Rainer Weiss (USA) Ian Wilmut (UK) Vladimir Arnold (Russia) Ian R Gibbons (USA) János Kollár (USA) 2008 Reinhard Genzel (Germany) Keith H S Campbell (UK) 2017 Simon D M White (Germany) Ludwig Faddeev (Russia) Ronald D Vale (USA) Claire Voisin (France) Shinya Yamanaka (Japan) Douglas L Coleman (USA) Simon K Donaldson (UK) 2009 Frank H Shu (USA) Jean-Loup Puget (France) Mary-Claire King (USA) Luis A Caffarelli (USA) Jeffrey M Friedman (USA) Clifford H Taubes (USA) 2018 Charles L Bennett (USA) 2010 Lyman A Page Jr (USA) David Julius (USA) Jean Bourgain (USA) 2019 Edward C Stone (USA) Maria Jasin (USA) Michel Talagrand (France) David N Spergel (USA) Jules A Hoffmann (France) Demetrios Christodoulou Gero Miesenböck (UK) Enrico Costa (Italy) Alexander Beilinson (USA) 2011 Ruslan M Medzhitov (USA) (Switzerland) 2020 Roger D Blandford (USA) Peter Hegemann (Germany) Gerald J Fishman (USA) David Kazhdan (Israel) Bruce A Beutler (USA) Richard S Hamilton (USA) Georg Nagel (Germany) Note: Award may not be shared equally. For details, please refer to Announcement and Citation on the Shaw Prize website (www.shawprize.org) 19/19 Countries mentioned above refer to the sites of the work places of the Laureates at the time of the award..
Recommended publications
  • A MATHEMATICIAN's SURVIVAL GUIDE 1. an Algebra Teacher I
    A MATHEMATICIAN’S SURVIVAL GUIDE PETER G. CASAZZA 1. An Algebra Teacher I could Understand Emmy award-winning journalist and bestselling author Cokie Roberts once said: As long as algebra is taught in school, there will be prayer in school. 1.1. An Object of Pride. Mathematician’s relationship with the general public most closely resembles “bipolar” disorder - at the same time they admire us and hate us. Almost everyone has had at least one bad experience with mathematics during some part of their education. Get into any taxi and tell the driver you are a mathematician and the response is predictable. First, there is silence while the driver relives his greatest nightmare - taking algebra. Next, you will hear the immortal words: “I was never any good at mathematics.” My response is: “I was never any good at being a taxi driver so I went into mathematics.” You can learn a lot from taxi drivers if you just don’t tell them you are a mathematician. Why get started on the wrong foot? The mathematician David Mumford put it: “I am accustomed, as a professional mathematician, to living in a sort of vacuum, surrounded by people who declare with an odd sort of pride that they are mathematically illiterate.” 1.2. A Balancing Act. The other most common response we get from the public is: “I can’t even balance my checkbook.” This reflects the fact that the public thinks that mathematics is basically just adding numbers. They have no idea what we really do. Because of the textbooks they studied, they think that all needed mathematics has already been discovered.
    [Show full text]
  • Arxiv:1807.04136V2 [Math.AG] 25 Jul 2018
    HITCHIN CONNECTION ON THE VEECH CURVE SHEHRYAR SIKANDER Abstract. We give an expression for the pull back of the Hitchin connection from the moduli space of genus two curves to a ten-fold covering of a Teichm¨ullercurve discovered by Veech. We then give an expression, in terms of iterated integrals, for the monodromy representation of this connection. As a corollary we obtain quantum representations of infinitely many pseudo-Anosov elements in the genus two mapping class group. Contents 1. Introduction 2 1.1. Acknowledgements 6 2. Moduli spaces of vector bundles and Hitchin connection in genus two 6 2.1. The Heisenberg group 8 2.2. The Hitchin connection 10 2.2.1. Riemann surfaces with theta structure 11 2.2.2. Projectively flat connections 12 3. Teichm¨ullercurves and pseudo-Anosov mapping classes 16 3.1. Hitchin connection and Hyperlogarithms on the Veech curve 20 4. Generators of the (orbifold) fundamental group 25 4.1. Computing Monodromy 26 References 31 arXiv:1807.04136v2 [math.AG] 25 Jul 2018 This is author's thesis supported in part by the center of excellence grant 'Center for Quantum Geometry of Moduli Spaces' from the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF95). 1 HITCHIN CONNECTION ON THE VEECH CURVE 2 1. Introduction Let Sg be a closed connected and oriented surface of genus g ¥ 2, and consider its mapping class group Γg of orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms up to isotopy. More precisely, ` ` Γg :“ Diffeo pSgq{Diffeo0 pSgq; (1) ` where Diffeo pSgq is the group of orientation-preserving diffeomorphisms of Sg, and ` Diffeo0 pSgq denotes the connected component of the identity.
    [Show full text]
  • 2012-13 Annual Report of Private Giving
    MAKING THE EXTRAORDINARY POSSIBLE 2012–13 ANNUAL REPORT OF PRIVATE GIVING 2 0 1 2–13 ANNUAL REPORT OF PRIVATE GIVING “Whether you’ve been a donor to UMaine for years or CONTENTS have just made your first gift, I thank you for your Letter from President Paul Ferguson 2 Fundraising Partners 4 thoughtfulness and invite you to join us in a journey Letter from Jeffery Mills and Eric Rolfson 4 that promises ‘Blue Skies ahead.’ ” President Paul W. Ferguson M A K I N G T H E Campaign Maine at a Glance 6 EXTRAORDINARY 2013 Endowments/Holdings 8 Ways of Giving 38 POSSIBLE Giving Societies 40 2013 Donors 42 BLUE SKIES AHEAD SINCE GRACE, JENNY AND I a common theme: making life better student access, it is donors like you arrived at UMaine just over two years for others — specifically for our who hold the real keys to the ago, we have truly enjoyed our students and the state we serve. While University of Maine’s future level interactions with many alumni and I’ve enjoyed many high points in my of excellence. friends who genuinely care about this personal and professional life, nothing remarkable university. Events like the surpasses the sense of reward and Unrestricted gifts that provide us the Stillwater Society dinner and the accomplishment that accompanies maximum flexibility to move forward Charles F. Allen Legacy Society assisting others to fulfill their are one of these keys. We also are luncheon have allowed us to meet and potential. counting on benefactors to champion thank hundreds of donors.
    [Show full text]
  • Twenty Female Mathematicians Hollis Williams
    Twenty Female Mathematicians Hollis Williams Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Alba Carballo González for support and encouragement. 1 Table of Contents Sofia Kovalevskaya ................................................................................................................................. 4 Emmy Noether ..................................................................................................................................... 16 Mary Cartwright ................................................................................................................................... 26 Julia Robinson ....................................................................................................................................... 36 Olga Ladyzhenskaya ............................................................................................................................. 46 Yvonne Choquet-Bruhat ....................................................................................................................... 56 Olga Oleinik .......................................................................................................................................... 67 Charlotte Fischer .................................................................................................................................. 77 Karen Uhlenbeck .................................................................................................................................. 87 Krystyna Kuperberg .............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Dark Matter and Dark Energy
    HTS Teologiese Studies/Theological Studies ISSN: (Online) 2072-8050, (Print) 0259-9422 Page 1 of 8 Original Research The building blocks of the universe Author: I review the state of knowledge of the composition of the universe for a non-specialist audience. 1,2 Anslyn J. John The universe is built up of four components. These are radiation, baryonic (ordinary) matter, Affiliation: dark matter and dark energy. In this article, a quick outline of the theory of Big Bang 1Department of Physics, nucleosynthesis is presented, and the origin of the elements is explained. Cosmology requires Faculty of Science, the presence of dark matter, which forms most of the mass of the universe, and dark energy, Stellenbosch University, which drives the acceleration of the expansion. The dark sector is motivated, and possible Stellenbosch, South Africa explanations are stated. 2National Institute for Contribution: As part of this special collection on building blocks, the building blocks of the Theoretical and Computational Sciences universe are discussed and unsolved problems and proposed solutions are highlighted. (NITheCS), South Africa Keywords: cosmology; nucleosynthesis; dark matter; dark energy; cosmological constant; Corresponding author: general relativity; galaxies; particle physics. Anslyn John, [email protected] Dates: Introduction Received: 10 May 2021 Cosmology is the scientific study of the origin and development of the universe on the largest Accepted: 12 July 2021 Published: 25 Aug. 2021 scales. Today, the standard model of cosmology is a cornerstone of physics and astronomy. This is attested to by the award of four Nobel Prizes for research in cosmology. These awards, in How to cite this article: chronological order, are: John, A.J., 2021, ‘The building blocks of the universe’, 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Orbital Resonances and GPU Acceleration of Binary Black Hole Inspiral Simulations
    Orbital resonances and GPU acceleration of binary black hole inspiral simulations by Adam Gabriel Marcel Lewis A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Physics University of Toronto c Copyright 2018 by Adam Gabriel Marcel Lewis Abstract Orbital resonances and GPU acceleration of binary black hole inspiral simulations Adam Gabriel Marcel Lewis Doctor of Philosophy Department of Physics University of Toronto 2018 Numerical relativity, the direct numerical integration of the Einstein field equations, is now a mature subfield of computational physics, playing a critical role in the generation of signal templates for comparison with data from ground-based gravitational wave de- tectors. The application of numerical relativity techniques to new problems is at present complicated by long wallclock times and intricate code. In this thesis we lay groundwork to improve this situation by presenting a GPU port of the numerical relativity code SpEC. Our port keeps code maintenance feasible by relying on various layers of automation, and achieves high performance across a variety of GPUs. We secondly introduce a C++ soft- ware package, TLoops, which allows numerical manipulation of tensors using single-line C++ source-code expressions resembling familiar tensor calculus notation. These expres- sions may be compiled and executed immediately, but also can be used to automatically generate equivalent GPU or low-level CPU code, which then executes in their place. The GPU code in particular achieves near-peak performance. Finally, we present simulations of eccentric binary black holes. We develop new methods to extract the fundamental fre- quencies of these systems.
    [Show full text]
  • From Channelrhodopsins to Optogenetics ACCESS
    Perspective OPEN From channelrhodopsins to optogenetics ACCESS From channelrhodopsins to optogenetics We did not expect that research on the and identified the role of Ca2þ influx in forming a single protein complex (Braun molecular mechanism of algal phototaxis flagellar beat frequency changes (Halldal, & Hegemann, 1999). or archaeal light-driven ion transport 1957, Schmidt & Eckert, 1976). Then Oleg In parallel, biophysicists had character- might interest readers of a medical Sineshchekov from Moscow State Uni- ized the precise nature of light-regulated journal when we conceived and per- versity recorded electrical light responses ion transport across cellular membranes. formed our experiments a decade ago. On from Haematococcus pluvialis, an alga Some of these studies started with the other hand, it did not escape our known for the production of the anti- investigations on animal rhodopsin and attention that channelrhodopsin is helping oxidant Astaxanthine (Litvin et al, 1978). even suggested rhodopsin-mediated an ever-increasing number of researchers Oleg used a suction pipette technique light-induced calcium entry with rhodop- to address their specific questions. For applied at the time by Dennis Baylor for sin itself as the carrier for calcium (Cone, example, the channelrhodopsin approach recording photocurrents from bovine 1972). Several decades later, we know is used to study the molecular events photoreceptor rods and cones. But Oleg’s that animal-type rhodopsins are G pro- during the induction of synaptic plasticity publication gave no hints about the type tein-coupled receptors indirectly modu- or to map long-range connections from of photoreceptor involved. Kenneth W. lating ion channel activity via signalling one side of the brain to the other, and to Foster however, a physicist at Mount molecules.
    [Show full text]
  • Comments on the 2011 Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences - - an Analysis of Collectively Formed Errors in Physics by C
    Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Physics and Space Science Volume 12 Issue 4 Version 1.0 June 2012 Type : Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896 Comments on the 2011 Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences - - An Analysis of Collectively Formed Errors in Physics By C. Y. Lo Applied and Pure Research Institute, Nashua, NH Abstract - The 2011 Shaw Prize in mathematical sciences is shared by Richard S. Hamilton and D. Christodoulou. However, the work of Christodoulou on general relativity is based on obscure errors that implicitly assumed essentially what is to be proved, and thus gives misleading results. The problem of Einstein’s equation was discovered by Gullstrand of the 1921 Nobel Committee. In 1955, Gullstrand is proven correct. The fundamental errors of Christodoulou were due to his failure to distinguish the difference between mathematics and physics. His subsequent errors in mathematics and physics were accepted since judgments were based not on scientific evidence as Galileo advocates, but on earlier incorrect speculations. Nevertheless, the Committee for the Nobel Prize in Physics was also misled as shown in their 1993 press release. Here, his errors are identified as related to accumulated mistakes in the field, and are illustrated with examples understandable at the undergraduate level. Another main problem is that many theorists failed to understand the principle of causality adequately. It is unprecedented to award a prize for mathematical errors. Keywords : Nobel Prize; general relativity; Einstein equation, Riemannian Space; the non- existence of dynamic solution; Galileo. GJSFR-A Classification : 04.20.-q, 04.20.Cv Comments on the 2011 Shaw Prize in Mathematical Sciences -- An Analysis of Collectively Formed Errors in Physics Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of : © 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • Opening Ceremony
    Opening ceremony Sir John Ball, President of the International Mathematical Union Your Majesty, Señor Ruiz Gallardón, Señora Cabrera, Señora Aguirre, Professor Manuel de León, Distinguished guests, Ladies and gentlemen, ¡Bienvenidos al ICM dos mil seis! Welcome to ICM 2006, the 25th International Congress of Mathematicians, and the first ICM to be held in Spain. We offer our heartfelt thanks to the Spanish nation, so rich in history and culture, for its invitation to Madrid. We greatly appreciate that His Majesty King Juan Carlos is honouring mathematics by His presence here today. While celebrating this feast of mathematics, with the many talking-points that it will provide, it is worth reflecting on the ways in which our community functions. Mathematics is a profession of high standards and integrity. We freely discuss our work with others without fear of it being stolen, and research is communicated openly prior to formal publication. Editorial procedures are fair and proper, and work gains its reputation through merit and not by how it is promoted. These are the norms operated by the vast majority of mathematicians. The exceptions are rare, and they are noticed. Mathematics has a strong record of service, freely given. We see this in the time and care spent in the refereeing of papers and other forms of peer review. We see it in the running of mathematical societies and journals, in the provision of free mathematical software and teaching resources, and in the various projects world-wide to improve electronic access to the mathematical literature, old and new. We see it in the nurturing of students beyond the call of duty.
    [Show full text]
  • Professor Peter Goldreich Member of the Board of Adjudicators Chairman of the Selection Committee for the Prize in Astronomy
    The Shaw Prize The Shaw Prize is an international award to honour individuals who are currently active in their respective fields and who have recently achieved distinguished and significant advances, who have made outstanding contributions in academic and scientific research or applications, or who in other domains have achieved excellence. The award is dedicated to furthering societal progress, enhancing quality of life, and enriching humanity’s spiritual civilization. Preference is to be given to individuals whose significant work was recently achieved and who are currently active in their respective fields. Founder's Biographical Note The Shaw Prize was established under the auspices of Mr Run Run Shaw. Mr Shaw, born in China in 1907, was a native of Ningbo County, Zhejiang Province. He joined his brother’s film company in China in the 1920s. During the 1950s he founded the film company Shaw Brothers (HK) Limited in Hong Kong. He was one of the founding members of Television Broadcasts Limited launched in Hong Kong in 1967. Mr Shaw also founded two charities, The Shaw Foundation Hong Kong and The Sir Run Run Shaw Charitable Trust, both dedicated to the promotion of education, scientific and technological research, medical and welfare services, and culture and the arts. ~ 1 ~ Message from the Chief Executive I warmly congratulate the six Shaw Laureates of 2014. Established in 2002 under the auspices of Mr Run Run Shaw, the Shaw Prize is a highly prestigious recognition of the role that scientists play in shaping the development of a modern world. Since the first award in 2004, 54 leading international scientists have been honoured for their ground-breaking discoveries which have expanded the frontiers of human knowledge and made significant contributions to humankind.
    [Show full text]
  • Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter
    Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter March 2016 Volume 5 • Number 1 worldscinet.com/appn Takaaki Kajita 2015 Physics Nobel Laureate published by Institute of Advanced Studies, Nanyang Technological University (IAS@NTU) and South East Asia Theoretical Physics Association (SEATPA) South East Asia Theoretical Physics Association Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter March 2016 • Volume 5 • Number 1 A publication of the IAS@NTU Singapore and SEATPA Asia Pacific Physics Newsletter publishes articles reporting frontier discoveries in EDITORIAL physics, research highlights, and news to facilitate interaction, collaboration and 3 cooperation among physicists in Asia Pacific physics community. PEOPLE Editor-in-Chief 4 “Observing the Distant Supernova” — Interview with Kok Khoo Phua Nobel Laureate Prof Brian Schmidt Associate Editor-in-Chief “Discovering the W and Z Bosons” — Interview with Swee Cheng Lim Nobel Laureate Prof Carlo Rubbia SEATPA Committee Christopher C Bernido Phil Chan Leong Chuan Kwek Choy Heng Lai Swee Cheng Lim Ren Bao Liu Hwee Boon Low Anh Ký Nguyên Choo Hiap Oh OPINION AND COMMENTARY Kok Khoo Phua 10 China’s Great Scientific Leap Forward: Completion of a Roh Suan Tung Preecha Yupapin planned ‘Great Collider’ would transform particle physics Hishamuddin Zainuddin Freddy Zen Editorial Team NEWS Sen Mu 12 CityU’s Institute for Advanced Study will Champion Bold New Han Sun Chi Xiong Research Initiatives Case made for 'Ninth Planet' Graphic Designers Chuan Ming Loo Erin Ong Cover Photo: "Takaaki Kajita 5171- 2015" by Bengt Nyman - Own work.
    [Show full text]
  • AFFINE HECKE ALGEBRAS and THEIR GRADED VERSION 0.1. Let
    JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY Volume 2, Number 3, July 1989 AFFINE HECKE ALGEBRAS AND THEIR GRADED VERSION GEORGE LUSZTIG Dedicated to Sir Michael Atiyah on his sixtieth birthday INTRODUCTION 0.1. Let Hvo be an affine Hecke algebra with parameter Vo E C* assumed to be of infinite order. (The basis elements ~ E Hvo corresponding to simple reflections s satisfy (~+ 1)(Ts - v~C(s») = 0, where c(s) EN depend on s and are subject only to c(s) = c(s') whenever s, Sf are conjugate in the affine Weyl group.) Such Hecke algebras appear naturally in the representation theory of semisimple p-adic groups, and understanding their representation theory is a question of considerable interest. Consider the "special case" where c(s) is independent of s and the coroots generate a direct summand. In this "special case," the question above has been studied in [I] and a classification of the simple modules was obtained. The approach of [1] was based on equivariant K-theory. This approach can be attempted in the general case (some indications are given in [5, 0.3]), but there appear to be some serious difficulties in carrying it out. 0.2. On the other hand, in [5] we introduced some algebras H,o' depending on a parameter roE C , which are graded analogues of Hvo . The graded algebras H '0 are in many respects simpler than Hvo' and in [5] the representation theory of H,o is studied using equivariant homology. Moreover, we can make the machinery of intersection cohomology work for us in the study of H '0 ' while in the K-theory context of Hvo it is not clear how to do this.
    [Show full text]