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6007813920402.Pdf ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴ ﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳ ﺎﺳﻮج ........... ..................................................................................................................17 ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﻣﺤﻤﺪﺗﻘﻲ ﻓﻴﻀﻲ1 ، زﻫﺮا ﺟﺎﺑﺮاﻻﻧﺼﺎر *2 ، وﺣﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﻧﻲ3 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ: 17/9/91 ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش: /7/5 92 ﭼﻜﻴﺪه: ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان زﻳﺮ ﺑﻨﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت از ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ، ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ و ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﺑﺎ وﺳﻌﺘﻲ در ﺣﺪود 1591593 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر در ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ي ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﺳﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس، ﻛﻬﻜﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ و ﺑﻮﻳ ﺮ اﺣﻤﺪ و اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻓﻠﻮر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج و ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻳﻦ ﻣ ﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ 929 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 417 ﺟﻨﺲ و 84 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪهي ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﻲ و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻻي ﺗﻨﻮع زﻳﺴﺘﻲ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي Fabaceae ، Asteraceae و Lamiaceae ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 135 ، 111 و 70 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻧ ﻮاده ﻫﺎ و ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي Centaurea ، Astragalus و Nepeta ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 53 ، 15 و 13 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ، ﻫﻤﻲ- ﻛﺮﻳﭙﺘﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ و ﺗﺮوﻓﻴﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ %84/44 و %06/28 ﺑﻴﺶ از 70 درﺻﺪ از ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص ﻣﻲ دﻫﻨﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻫﺎي ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ اﻛﺜﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي آن (49/68 درﺻﺪ) ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ - ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. واژه ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي: ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ، ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج -1 ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، اﻳﺮان * ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: Email: [email protected] 2 - ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎس ارﺷﺪ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ، ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻛﺸﺎورزي و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، اﺻﻔﻬﺎن، اﻳﺮان 3 - داﻧﺸﺠﻮي دﻛﺘﺮي، ﮔﺮوه ﺟﻨﮕﻠﺪاري و اﻗﺘﺼﺎد ﺟﻨﮕﻞ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان، ﻛﺮج، اﻳﺮان 18 ............................ .......................... ... ........ ....... ........... ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﺮان، ﺳﺎل ﺳﻮم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1392 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ: ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﻴﻚ و آﮔﺎﻫﻲ از ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺣﻔﻆ و ﻧﮕﻬﺪاري ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪه وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ و ﺣﺎل ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ آن ﻫﺎ، از ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﺻﻮل در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﺳﺖ و در ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﻫﺎي آﻳﻨﺪه ﻧﻘﺶ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﺪار و ﺑﻬﺮه ﺑﺮداري ﺻﺤﻴﺢ و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻲ از ﻣﻮﺛ ﺮي دارد. از دﻳﮕﺮ وﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎي ﻛﺸﻮر اﻳﺮان ﻛﻪ زﻳﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ (8 ). اﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻫﻤﻮاره ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﺴﺖ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺗﺎ اﻧﺪازه اي اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ، در ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﮔﺎم در ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ و ﻋﻤﺪه ﻳﻌﻨﻲ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ- ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ، اروﭘﺎ- ﺳﻴﺒﺮي، ﺻﺤﺮا- ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ، دﺳﺘﻴﺎﺑﻲ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﻴ ﻞ و ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن و ﺳﻮداﻧﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺎﻻي ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﻫﺎي روﻳﺸﻲ، ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﻳﺰي ﺑﺮاي اﺳﺘﻔﺎده- اﻳﺮان از ﻳﻚ ﺳﻮ و ﭘﻴﺶ ﻧﻴﺎز ﺑﻮدن اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻫﺎي اﻗﺘﺼﺎدي و اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ- ﺑﺮاي ا ﻧﺠﺎم ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﺑﻮم ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ از ﺳﻮي ﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻲ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ذﺧﺎﻳﺮ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ دﻳﮕﺮ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ در ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ( 19 ). ﻛﺸﻮر اﻳﺮان راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﺸﻮر اﻧﺠﺎم ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ دارا ﺑﻮدن ﺗﻨﻮع ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ، آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﺷﻮد. از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ Taya و ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ داراي ﻏﻨﺎي ﺑﺎﻻي ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ,. et al ( 2010) ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻠﻮر ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﻲ ﺑﻮده اﺳ ﺖ، ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي ﻛﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺳﺎﻟﻮك ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ؛ Saberi اﻳﺮان (ﺑﻴﺶ از 8000 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ) در ﺣﺪود دو ﺳﻮم ,.Moeen et al (2010) ﻛﻪ ﻓﻠﻮر ﺟﻨﮕﻞ ﭘﺴﺘﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻗﺎره اروﭘﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ(9 ). ﺷﻜﻞ ﭼﻬﭽﻬﻪ واﻗﻊ در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮﻗﻲ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺳﺎزش ﻫﺎي رﺿﻮي را ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ؛ ,.Pairanj et al اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ ﮔﻴﺎه ﺑﺎ ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ ﺑﻪ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻲ- (2011) ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ آﻳﺪ. ﻛﺮﺳﻨﻚ ﺷﻬﺮﻛﺮد ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ؛ ,.Taghipour et al ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ، ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ (2011) ﻛﻪ ﻓﻠﻮر ﺣﻮﺿﻪ آﺑﺨﻴﺰ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻐﻴﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄ ﻲ داده و ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﺮ روي اﻋﻼء و رودزرد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﺑﻴﻦ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻫﺎي ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن و ﻓﺮآﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎي اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ دارﻧﺪ( 24 ). ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﻳﻦ ﻛﻬﻜﻴﻠﻮﻳ ﻪ و ﺑﻮﻳﺮ اﺣﻤﺪ واﻗﻊ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ را ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ وﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮآورد ﻛﺮدﻧﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ,.Dolatkhahi et al (2011) ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎ و درك اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎي ﻏﻨﺎي ﻛﻪ ﻓﻠﻮر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ارژن- ﭘﺮﻳﺸﺎن واﻗﻊ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اي در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮادﻳﺎن ﻫﺎي ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻲ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس را ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻗﺮار دادﻧﺪ اﺷﺎره ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ اﺳﺖ(Raunkiaer .( 4 (1904) ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﺮد. ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج در ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪه ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﺳﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس، ﻛﻬﻜﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ و ﺑﻮﻳﺮاﺣﻤﺪ و روﻳﺸﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﺎك ﭘﺲ از ﺳﭙﺮي اﺻﻔﻬﺎن ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷ ﺪ. وﺟﻮد ﺷﺮاﻳﻄﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ اﺧﺘﻼف ﺷﺪن ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﺎﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺳﺎل ﺑﻪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﮔﺮوه ارﺗﻔﺎع زﻳﺎد، اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت، ﻛﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮدن ﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﻴﺖ، ﻛﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺖ، ﻫﻤﻲ ﻛﺮﻳﭙﺘﻮﻓﻴﺖ، و داﺷﺘﻦ ﺷﻴﺐ ﻫﺎي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ، ﺗﭙﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﻮرﻫﺎي ﭘﺮ ﻛﺮﻳﭙﺘﻮﻓﻴﺖ و ﺗﺮوﻓﻴﺖ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻋﺎرﺿﻪ، ﻳﺨﭽﺎل ﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ و ﻣﺮﻏﺰارﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴ ﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳ ﺎﺳﻮج ........... ..................................................................................................................19 ﻧﺴﺒﺖ زﻳﺎد ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﻲ در ﺣﺪود 1591593 ﻫﻜﺘﺎر، ﻗﺴﻤﺖ- داراي ﺗﻨﻮع ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. اﻧﺠﺎم ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺎﻳﻲ از ﺳﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻓﺎرس، ﻛﻬﻜﻴﻠﻮﻳﻪ و ﺑﻮﻳﺮ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻨ ﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎدﺷﺪه اﺣﻤﺪ و اﺻﻔﻬﺎن را در ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮد (ﺷﻜﻞ 1 ). در ﺑﻪ دﻟﻴﻞ ﻓﻠﻮر ﻣﺘﻨﻮع آن ﺿﺮوري ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ رﺳﺪ. واﻗﻊ اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮان از ﻗﻠﻪ دﻧﺎ ﺗﺎ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ در ﻫﻤﻴﻦ راﺳﺘﺎ، در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ وﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻓﻠﻮر، زﻫﺮه در ﺷﻤﺎل ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﮔﭽﺴﺎران ﻣ ﻌﺮﻓﻲ ﻛﺮد. ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻠﻨﺪﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ، ﻗﻠﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﻮه دﻧﺎ ( 4409 ﻣﺘﺮ) در ﻣﺮز ﺳﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﺒﺮده ﻗﺮارﮔﺮﻓﺖ. و ﭘﺴﺖ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ در رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ زﻫﺮه ( 550 ﻣﺘﺮ) در ﻧﺰدﻳﻜﻲ ﮔﭽﺴﺎران ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮاد و روش ﻫﺎ: ﻳﺎدﺷﺪه از ﻧﻈﺮ اﻗﻠﻴﻤﻲ داراي 5 اﻗﻠﻴﻢ اﺻﻠﻲ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ: ﺧﺸﻚ، ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب، ﻣﺪﻳﺘﺮاﻧﻪ اي، ﻣﺮﻃﻮب و ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج (اردﻛﺎن ﻗﺪﻳﻢ) ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ 13 اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﻣﻲ- ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ 51 ﺗﺎ 52 درﺟﻪ و 30 دﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻃﻮل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ؛ اﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻛﻠﻲ اﻗﻠﻴﻢ ﻫﺎي ﺧﺸﻚ ﺗﺮ داراي ﺷﺮﻗﻲ و 30 ﺗﺎ 31 درﺟﻪ ﻋﺮض ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ، ﺑﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ( ).6 ).6 ﺷﻜﻞ 1 - ﺗﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره اي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج و ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ آن در اﻳﺮان روش ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ: 11 و 14 ). ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﺼﺎوﻳﺮ در اﻳﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﻮاره اي و ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﭘﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌ ﻪ از روش و اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﻴﺪاﻧﻲ ﮔﺴﺘﺮده ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﭘﻴﻤﺎﻳﺶ زﻣﻴﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﺗﺮﻳﻦ روش ﻫﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در اﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ آوري و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از در ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺗﺎﻛﺴﻮﻧﻮﻣﻴﻚ اﺳﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ (9، ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻌﻲ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺮاﻧﻴﻜﺎ( 18 )، ﻓﻠﻮر 20 ............................ .......................... ... ........ ....... ........... ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﻲ اﻛﻮﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﺮان، ﺳﺎل ﺳﻮم، ﺷﻤﺎره ﭼﻬﺎرم، ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 1392 ﻋﺮاق( 23 )، ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺮان(1 )، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻓﻠﻮر رﻧﮕﻲ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ اﻳﺮان(7 )، ﮔﻮن ﻫﺎي اﻳﺮان ( 10 )و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ 417 ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻧﺎم ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن اﻳﺮان ( 12 ) ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه ﻫﻤﻲ ﻛﺮﻳﭙﺘﻮﻓﻴﺖ، 261 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺗﺮوﻓﻴﺖ، 98 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ژﺋﻮﻓﻴﺖ، 85 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﻴﺖ، ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ اﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ از ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي Zohary 64 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﺎﻣﻪ ﻓﻴﺖ، 3 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﻴﺪروﻓﻴﺖ و 2 2 (1973) ، ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻓﻠﻮرﻫﺎي ﻓﻠ ﺴﻄﻴﻦ( 26 )، ﻓﻠﻮر ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺑ ﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ درﺻﺪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ(3 ) و ﻓﻠﻮر اﻳﺮان(1 ) و ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﻫﺮﻳﻚ از ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج از ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪي ﻳﺎﺳﻮج، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻫﻤﻲ ﻛﺮﺑﭙﺘﻮﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ /84 44 44 Raunkiaer (1934) ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﺤﻞ ﻇﻬﻮر درﺻﺪ و ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن اﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ 22 /. درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي اوﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ، اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ درﺻﺪ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ را ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮد اﺧﺘﺼﺎص داده ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ: اﻧﺪ(ﺷﻜﻞ 2 ). ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎي ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ اﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ 929 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 417 ﺟﻨﺲ و 84 ( 638 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ) ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ- ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ ﺧ ﺎﻧﻮاده ﺷﺪ. در ﺟﺪول 1 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﻌﺪ از آن 119 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ- ﺷﺪه، ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ/ﺻﺤﺎرا- ﺳﻨﺪي، 77 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ- ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه در ﻫﺮ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ/اروﭘﺎ- ﺳﻴﺒﺮي، 48 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ، 25 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ از اﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ ﺻﺤﺎرا- ﺳﻨﺪي و 23 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ- ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ/ اروﭘﺎ ﺷﺶ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ي Fabaceae ، Asteraceae ، ﺳﻴﺒﺮي/ ﺻﺤﺎرا- ﺳﻨﺪي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. در ﺷ ﻜﻞ 3 3 Poaceae ، Brassicaceae ، Lamiaceae و درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ Apiaceae ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺑﺎ 135 ، 111 ، 70 ، 59 ، ﻧﺸﺎن داده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ 54 و 47 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ از 50 درﺻﺪ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ( /6 68 درﺻﺪ) ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج را ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ- ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ داده و 76 ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده دﻳﮕﺮ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ( 2/47 درﺻﺪ) ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد را در ﺑﺮ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ- ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ/ اروﭘﺎ ﺳﻴﺒﺮي/ ﺻﺤﺎرا- Centaurea ، Astragalus و Nepeta ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﺳﻨﺪي ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﺟﺪول 2 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ- ﺑﺎ 53 ، 15 و 13 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻓﺮاوان ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻨﺲ ﻫﺎي ﻫﺎي ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳﺴﺘﻲ و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ آن ﻫﺎ اراﺋﻪ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳ ﻲ ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺷﻜﻞ زﻳ ﻲﺴﺘ و ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓ ﺎﻴ ﻳﻲ ﻴﮔ ﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳ ﺎﺳﻮج ........... .................................................................................................................. 21 21 ﺸ ﻜﻞ -2 درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎي زﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج؛ He : ﻫﻤﻲ- ﺸ ﻜﻞ 3 - درﺻﺪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﻲ ﭘﺮاﻛﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻛﺮﻳﭙﺘﻮﻓﻴﺖ، Th : ﺗﺮوﻓﻴﺖ، Ge : ژﺋﻮﻓﻴﺖ، Ph : ﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﻴﺖ، Ch :ﻛﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻴﺖ، Hy : ﻳﺎﺳﻮج؛ IT : اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ- ﺗﻮراﻧﻲ؛ SS : ﺻﺤﺎرا - ﺳﻨﺪي، ES : ﻫﻴﺪروﻓﻴﺖ، Ep :اﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ اروﭘﺎ- ﺳﻴﺒﺮي، Cosm : ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﺟﺪول 1 - ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﻫﺎي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪه در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻳﺎﺳﻮج ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺪادﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﺟ ﻨﺲ ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻌﺪادﺟﻨﺲ ﻧﺎم ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده Asteraceae 56 135 Campanulaceae 2 3 Cupressaceae 1 1 Brassicaceae 42 59 Capparidaceae 2 3 Eleaegnaceae 1 1 Poaceae 35 54 Convolvulaceae 2 11 Ephedraceae 1 4 Apiaceae 27 47 Cucurbitaceae 2 2 Equisetaceae 1 1 Fabaceae 25 111 Fumariaceae 2 2 Fagaceae 1 1 Lamiaceae 21 70 Gentianaceae 2 2 Gutiferae 1 5 Boraginaceae 18 41 Malvaceae 2 4 Juglandaceae 1 1 Caryophyllaceae 17 35 Plumbaginaceae 2 11 Juncaceae 1 5 Rosaceae 11 35 Podophyllaceae
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