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Phylogeny/Classification of the Families of Vascular Plants of North Central Texas

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Phylogeny/Classification of the Families of Vascular Plants of North Central Texas D APPENDIX ONE PHYLOGENY/CLASSIFICATION OF THE FAMILIES OF VASCULAR PLANTS OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS This phylogeny/classification is modified from those of Cronquist (1981, 1988), Lellinger (1985), and Hickman (1993). The synopses of subclasses are from Hickman (1993) and Woodland (1997). A classi- fication system including all families of vascular plants can be found in Mabberley (1987, 1997). Figure 36 (from Cronquist 1988) is a diagram of relationships of subclasses of flowering plants. FERNS AND SIMILAR PLANTS GYMNOSPERMS ANGIOSPERMS SPORE-BEARING “NAKED SEEDS,” “VESSEL SEEDS,” SEEDS NOT ENCLOSED IN AN OVARY; SEEDS ENCLOSEDINANOVARY; Divison LYCOPHYTA USUALLY WITH CONES FLOWERS PRESENT Order Lycopodiales Lycopodiaceae Divison GNETOPHYTA Divison MAGNOLIOPHYTA Order Selaginellales Order Ephedrales Selaginellaceae Ephedraceae Class DICOTYLEDONAE Order Isoetales (MAGNOLIOPSIDA) Isoetaceae Divison CONIFEROPHYTA SUBCLASS MAGNOLIIDAE Divison SPHENOPHYTA Order Coniferales Pistils generally simple; Cupressaceae Order Equisetales perianth parts and stamens Pinaceae Equisetaceae free, generally many, spiralled Order Magnoliales Divison POLYPODIOPHYTA Annonaceae Order Laurales SUBCLASS OPHIOGLOSSIDAE Lauraceae Ophioglossaceae Order Piperales SUBCLASS OSMUNDIDAE Saururaceae Osmundaceae Order Aristolochiales SUBCLASS SCHIZAEIDAE Aristolochiaceae Anemiaceae Order Nymphaeales Pteridaceae Nelumbonaceae SUBCLASS GLEICHENIIDAE Nymphaeaceae Polypodiaceae Cabombaceae SUBCLASS HYMENOPHYLLIDAE Ceratophyllaceae Dennstaedtiaceae Order Ranunculales Thelypteridaceae Ranunculaceae Aspleniaceae Berberidaceae Dryopteridaceae Menispermaceae Blechnaceae Order Papaverales SUBCLASS MARSILEIDAE Papaveraceae Marsiliaceae SUBCLASS SALVINIIDAE Azollaceae CONTINUED ➤ 1354 APPENDIX ONE/PHYLOGENY/CLASSIFICATION ANGIOSPERMS (DICOTS CONTINUED) SUBCLASS HAMAMELIDAE Order Malvales Order Cornales Mostly woody; flowers ± in Tiliaceae Cornaceae unisexual catkins, without Sterculiaceae Nyssaceae perianth, typically wind- Malvaceae Garryaceae pollinated Order Nepenthales Order Santalales Order Hamamelidales Sarraceniaceae Santalaceae Platanaceae Droseraceae Viscaceae Hamamelidaceae Order Violales Order Rafflesiales Order Urticales Cistaceae Rafflesiaceae Ulmaceae Violaceae Order Celastrales Cannabaceae Tamaricaceae Celastraceae Moraceae Passifloraceae Aquifoliaceae Urticaceae Cucurbitaceae Order Euphorbiales Order Juglandales Loasaceae Euphorbiaceae Juglandaceae Order Salicales Order Rhamnales Order Myricales Salicaceae Rhamnaceae Myricaceae Order Capparales Vitaceae Order Fagales Capparaceae Order Linales Fagaceae Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) Linaceae Betulaceae Order Ericales Order Polygalales SUBCLASS CARYOPHYLLIDAE Ericaceae Polygalaceae Mostly herbaceous; petals free Order Ebenales Krameriaceae (or absent and sepals petal- Sapotaceae Order Sapindales like, sometimes fused); Ebenaceae Sapindaceae placentas basal or free-central; Styracaceae Hippocastanaceae stamens developing from Order Primulales Aceraceae inner to outer—centrifugal Primulaceae Anacardiaceae Order Caryophyllales SUBCLASS ROSIDAE Simaroubaceae Phytolaccaceae Petals usually free; stamens Meliaceae Nyctaginaceae more than petals or opposite Rutaceae Aizoaceae them, developing from outer Zygophyllaceae Cactaceae to inner—centripetal; pistil com- Order Geraniales Chenopodiaceae pound or sometimes simple; Oxalidaceae Amaranthaceae placentas most often axile; Geraniaceae leaves compound or simple Portulacaceae Balsaminaceae Basellaceae Order Rosales Order Apiales Molluginaceae Hydrangeaceae Araliaceae Caryophyllaceae Grossulariaceae Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) Order Polygonales Crassulaceae SUBCLASS ASTERIDAE Saxifragaceae Polygonaceae Predominantly herbaceous; Rosaceae SUBCLASS DILLENIIDAE petals ± fused; stamens equal Order Fabales Petals ± free, sometimes fused in number to or fewer than Fabaceae petals and alternate them; pistil (if 0, sepals not petal-like); pistil Order Proteales compound, generally of 2 carpels usually compound; placentas Elaeagnaceae Order Gentianales generally parietal (or axile); Order Haloragales Loganiaceae stamens developing from Haloragaceae Gentianaceae inner to outer; leaves mostly Order Myrtales Apocynaceae simple Lythraceae Asclepiadaceae Order Theales Onagraceae Order Solanales Elatinaceae Melastomataceae Solanaceae Clusiaceae (Guttiferae) Convolvulaceae Cuscutaceae PHYLOGENY/CLASSIFICATION/APPENDIX ONE 1355 ANGIOSPERMS (MONOCOTS) Menyanthaceae Class MONOCOTYLEDONAE SUBCLASS LILIIDAE Polemoniaceae (LILIOPSIDA) Flowers ± showy, insect- Hydrophyllaceae pollinated; sepals and petals SUBCLASS ALISMATIDAE Order Lamiales generally similar; pistil Pistils simple; herbs, ± aquatic Boraginaceae compound Lamiaceae (Labiatae) Order Alismatales Order Liliales Verbenaceae Alismataceae Pontederiaceae Phrymaceae Order Hydrocharitales Lilaceae Order Callitrichales Hydrocharitaceae Iridaceae Callitrichaceae Order Najadales Agavaceae Order Plantaginales Potamogetonaceae Smilacaceae Plantaginaceae Zannichelliaceae Dioscoreaceae Order Scrophulariales SUBCLASS ARECIDAE Order Orchidales Buddlejaceae Inflorescence often of many Burmanniaceae Oleaceae small flowers, enfolded or sub- Orchidaceae Scrophulariaceae tended by prominent bract(s); Orobanchaceae pistil usually compound; palm- like to minute aquatics Acanthaceae Pedaliaceae Order Arecales Bignoniaceae Arecaceae (Palmae) Lentibulariaceae Order Arales Order Campanulales Acoraceae Sphenocleaceae Araceae Campanulaceae Lemnaceae Order Rubiales SUBCLASS COMMELINIDAE Rubiaceae Flowers small and subtended Order Dipsacales by chaffy bracts, or sepals and Caprifoliaceae petals unlike; generally wind- Valerianaceae pollinated; pistil compound) Dipsacaceae Order Commelinales Order Asterales Xyridaceae Asteraceae (Compositae) Commelinaceae Order Eriocaulales Eriocaulaceae Order Juncales Juncaceae Order Cyperales Cyperaceae Poaceae (Gramineae) Order Typhales Typhaceae SUBCLASS ZINGIBERIDAE Inflorescences often with showy colored bracts; sepals and petals unlike; flowers usually animal-pollinated; pistil compound Order Bromeliales Bromeliaceae Order Zingiberales Marantaceae 1356 APPENDIX ONE/PHYLOGENY/CLASSIFICATION 5. Rosidae 6. Asteridae 4. Dilleniidae 2. Hamamelidae 1. Magnoliidae 3. Caryophyllidae Magnoliopsida 5. Liliidae 4. Zingiberidae 3. Commelinidae 2. Arecidae 1. Alismatidae Liliopsida FIG.36/DIAGRAM OF RELATIONSHIPS OF SUBCLASSES OF FLOWERING PLANTS (FROM CRONQUIST 1988). D APPENDIX TWO SUBFAMILIAL AND TRIBAL PHYLOGENY/CLASSIFICATION OF NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS POACEAE (GRASS FAMILY) AS RECOGNIZED BY PETERSON AND WEBSTER (FORTHCOMING) Subfamily ARISTIDOIDEAE Subfamily PANICOIDEAE Koeleria Aristideae Andropogoneae Limnodea Aristida Andropogon Phalaris Bothriochloa Polypogon Subfamily BAMBUSOIDEAE Coelorachis Sphenopholis Bambuseae Dichanthium Trisetum Arundinaria Miscanthus Brachypodieae Phyllostachys Saccharum Brachypodium Subfamily CHLORIDOIDEAE Schizachyrium Bromeae Cynodonteae Sorghastrum Bromus Bouteloua Sorghum Diarrheneae Buchloe Stenotaphrum Diarrhena Chloris Tripsacum Meliceae Cynodon Zea Glyceria Eustachys Arundineae Melica Gymnopogon Arundo Poeae Hilaria Phragmites Aira Schedonnardus Centotheceae Alopecurus Spartina Chasmanthium Dactylis Willkommia Paniceae Desmazeria Danthonieae Axonopus Festuca Cortaderia Cenchrus Lolium Danthonia Digitaria Phleum Eragrostideae Echinochloa Poa Dactyloctenium Eriochloa Sclerochloa Distichlis Oplismenus Vulpia Eleusine Panicum Stipeae Eragrostis Paspalidium Nassella Erioneuron Paspalum Triticeae Leptochloa Pennisetum Aegilops Muhlenbergia Sacciolepis Elymus Sporobolus Setaria Hordeum Tridens Urochloa Pascopyrum Triplasis Secale Subfamily POOIDEAE Triticum Subfamily ORYZOIDEAE Aveneae Oryzeae Agrostis Leersia Avena Zizaniopsis Briza D APPENDIX THREE LIST OF TEXAS ENDEMICS OCCURRING IN NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS CONTRIBUTED BY BONNIE AMOS, PAULA HALL, AND KELLY MCCOY (AMOS ET AL. 1998) ANGELO STATE UNIVERSITY DICOTS Euphorbiaceae Chamaesyce angusta (Engelm.) Small D Croton alabamensis E.A. Sm. ex Chapm. Acanthaceae var texensis Ginzbarg Ruellia drummondiana (Nees) A. Gray Ditaxis aphoroides (Müll.Arg.) Pax Apiaceae Euphorbia roemeriana Scheele Daucosma laciniatum Engelm. & A. Gray Fabaceae Asclepiadaceae Astragalus crassicarpus Nutt. Asclepias linearis Scheele var. berlandieri Barneby Matelea edwardsensis Correll Astragalus nuttallianus DC. var. pleianthus (Shinners) Barneby Asteraceae Astragalus reflexus Torr. & A. Gray Chaptalia texana Greene Astragalus wrightii A. Gray Chrysopsis texana G.L. Nesom Dalea hallii A. Gray Cirsium engelmannii Rydb. D Dalea reverchonii (S.Watson) Shinners Palafoxia hookeriana Torr. & A. Gray Dalea tenuis (J.M. Coult.) Shinners Palafoxia reverchonii (Bush) Cory Desmanthus acuminatus Benth. Pectis angustifolia Torr. var. fastigiata Galactia canescens (Scheele) Benth. (A. Gray) D.J. Keil Galactia heterophylla A. Gray Senecio ampullaceus Hook. Lupinus texensis Hook. Silphium albiflorum A. Gray Pediomelum cyphocalyx (A. Gray) Rydb. Verbesina lindheimeri B.L. Rob. & Greenm. Pediomelum hypogaeum (Nutt. ex Torr. & A. Boraginaceae Gray) Rydb. var. scaposum (A. Gray) Mahler Cryptantha texana (A. DC.) Greene Pediomelum latestipulatum (Shinners) Mahler Onosmodium helleri Small var. appressum (Ockendon) Ghandi & L.E. Br. Brassicaceae Pediomelum latestipulatum (Shinners) Mahler var. latestipulatum Arabis petiolaris (A. Gray) A. Gray Tephrosia lindheimeri A. Gray Lesquerella densiflora (A. Gray) S.Watson Trifolium bejariense Moric. Lesquerella grandiflora (Hook.) S.Watson Lesquerella recurvata Fumariaceae
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