Archaeology Wales
CrugmmoreCrugmore Farm, Farm, Penparc Penparc Ceredigion
Archaeological Appraisal
By Adrian Hadley Report No. 1187
Archaeology Wales Limited, Rhos Helyg, Cwm Belan, Llanidloes, Powys, SY18 6QF Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440371 Email: [email protected] Archaeology Wales
Crugmore Farm, Penparc Ceredigion Archaeological Appraisal
Prepared For: Asbri Planning Ltd
Edited by: Mark Houliston Authorised by: Mark Houliston Signed: Signed:
Position: MD Position: MD
Date: 14/1/2014 Date: 14/1/2014
By Adrian Hadley
Report No: 1187
Date: January 2014
Archaeology Wales Limited, Rhos Helyg, Cwm Belan, Llanidloes, Powys, SY18 6QF Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440371 Email: [email protected] Contents
Summary 1 1 Introduction 1 2 Site Description 1 3 Methodology 2 4 Archaeological Data 2 4.1 Previous Archaeological Studies 2 4.2 The Historic Landscape 2 4.3 Scheduled Ancient Monuments 3 4.4 Listed Buildings 3 4.5 Non-Designated Heritage Assets 3 5 Map Regression 6 6 Aerial Photographs 7 7 Site Visit 7 8 Views 8 9 Conclusions 9 10 Sources Consulted / Identified for Study Area 9
Appendix A: Figures
1 Site location 2 Plan of the proposed development 3 Map of Listed Buildings 4 Map of Non-Designated Heritage Assets 5 Llangoedmor Tithe Map of 1848 6 Extract of the 1888-89 Ordnance Survey map 7 Extract of the 1953 Ordnance Survey map 8 Extract of the 1965-78 Ordnance Survey map 9 Extract of the 2012 Ordnance Survey map
Appendix B: Plates
1 View of Field A from the north-east boundary 2 View of Banc-y-Warren from Field A 3 View of Field B from the north-east boundary 4 View south-west across Field B 5 View of Field C from the north-east boundary 6 View north-north-west across Field D 7 View north-north-east across Field D 8 View of Field E from the north-east corner 9 View of Crugmore Farmhouse 10 The outbuildings at Crugmore Farm 11 The access track to the west of Crugmore Farm
APPENDIX C: Summary of the Historic Environment Record
APPENDIX D: Project Specification
Copyright Notice: Archaeology Wales Ltd., retain copyright of this report under the Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988, and have granted a licence to Asbri Planning Ltd to use and reproduce the material contained within. The Ordnance Survey has granted Archaeology Wales Ltd a Copyright Licence (No. AL 52163A0001) to reproduce map information; Copyright remains otherwise with the Ordnance Survey.
Summary
Archaeology Wales have been commissioned by Asbri Planning Ltd, on behalf of RGE Energy (UK) Limited, to carry out an archaeological appraisal for a solar photo-voltaic generation project at Crugmore Farm, Penparc, Ceredigion.
The proposed solar farm is situated within the Historic Landscape Characterisation Area of Llangoedmor and the Historic Environment Record indicates that the site lies within an area of archaeological significance. The Iron Age enclosure at Banc-y-Warren is located in the immediate vicinity of the proposed scheme. This site is also the probable location of the 12th century Battle of Crug Mawr.
The 19th century farmhouse and outbuildings at Crugmore Farm are located within 100m of the proposed development. There appear to be two additional historic buildings situated within 250m of the scheme; Cwrt farmhouse and Wellewen. There are no Listed Buildings within 500m of the proposed scheme.
No potential archaeological sites were identified within the scheme site from cartographic analysis or during the walk-over survey. However, cropmarks of potential linear features were noted on modern aerial photographs of the development area. Overall, the archaeological potential of the site is considered to be low to moderate.
In general the thick hedgerows and bands of woodland surrounding the development area largely obscure views of the farmland from the north, south and west. However, there is a view of the site from the higher ground to the east. Overall, the visible impact of the project upon the historic landscape is considered to be low to moderate.
1. Introduction
Archaeology Wales (AW) have been commissioned by Simon Williams of Asbri Planning Ltd to carry out an archaeological appraisal for a ground mounted solar photo-voltaic generation project at Crugmore Farm, Cardigan, Ceredigion (Figure 1). The planning application number for the project is A130807.
An archaeological appraisal was recommended by Dyfed Archaeological Trust – Heritage Management (DAT-HM) in their capacity as archaeological advisors to Ceredigion County Council (CCC). A specification for the appraisal (Appendix D) has been produced by AW and approved by DAT – HM on behalf of CCC.
The appraisal is intended to identify the extent and character of the known and potential archaeological resource and provide a provisional assessment of the impact of the proposed development on surrounding historic sites. The work does not comprise a full assessment of the impact of the scheme upon the known and potential heritage resource, nor does it consider the importance of heritage assets in a local, regional or national context.
2. Site Description
The application site is located on farmland to the south of Crugmore Farm. The proposed solar farm is centred at NGR SN 2040 4710. The development site lies over 500m to the south and north of the villages of Penparc and Llangoedmor, respectively. Cardigan is situated approximately 2.5km to the west of Crugmore Farm.
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The site is located within pasture fields, the boundaries of which are defined by established hedgerows and belts of deciduous woodland. The proposed scheme lies within a shallow valley. The land within the scheme area falls away to the south-west; the fields to the east and south of Crugmore Farm are located at approximately 100m and 70m above Ordnance Datum (OD) respectively.
The solid geology for this general area consists of mudstone and sandstone of the Nantmel Mudstones Formation. The drift geological deposits comprise boulder clay as well as silt, sands and gravels (Devensian Glacial Deposits).
The scheme area for the project will comprise approximately 30 acres (about 12.5 hectares) of agricultural land. The extent of the site to which the proposal relates is indicated on Figure 2. The development area consists of five fields, which have been divided into separate survey areas (Fields A-E) for the purposes of this report.
3. Methodology
The methodology for this appraisal is set out within the Project Specification (Appendix D refers). This work consists of the following key elements:
• Consulting and interrogating the Historic Environment Record (HER) within a 2km search area of the proposed development. Consulting other readily available sources of information, such as the National Monuments Record, Ordnance Survey maps, tithe maps and aerial photographs.
• Evaluating the impact and visual effect of the proposed scheme upon known and potential heritage assets.
• A site visit to assess the presence/absence and condition of historic assets and their potential, and also to assess views and settings.
The production of an illustrated report (this document) and the deposition of the site archive..
Archaeology Wales is a Registered Organisation with the Institute for Archaeologists (IfA). This work corresponds to the relevant Standards and Guidelines of the IfA.
4. Archaeological Data
4.1 Previous Archaeological Studies
No previous archaeological studies within the development site are recorded on the HER. Within the 2km search area, archaeological work has been undertaken on a group of round barrows at Pant-Y-Butler (Murphy & Wilson, 2011). The burial mounds are located some 700m to the south-east of the proposed solar farm.
4.2 The Historic Landscape
The proposed scheme is situated within the Historic Landscape Characterisation Area of Llangoedmor (HL 005). This is an area characterise by dispersed farmsteads set in a landscape of medium-sized and fairly regularly shaped fields. The agricultural land is
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predominantly pastoral. Crugmore Farm is a typical example of this settlement form and field pattern.
There are six additional Historic Landscape Characterisation Areas recorded within the study area. These include Croes y Llan (HL221) and Pentwood Marsh (HL230); both landscape areas area over 1km to the south and south-west of the development site. The urban historic landscape of Cardigan (HL225) is situated over 1km to the west of Crugmore Farm. The historic landscapes classified as Ferwig (HL218) and Felinwynt (HL080) are located to the north-west of the proposed solar farm; the A487 marks the boundaries for both areas within the environs of the scheme. The dispersed linear development along the road from Cardigan to Aberaeron (A487) is separately classified as an historic landscape (HL081): the A487 runs 300-400m to the north and north-west of the proposed solar farm development.
4.3 Scheduled Ancient Monuments
There are no Scheduled Ancient Monuments within a 2km radius of the proposed development.
4.4 Listed Buildings
There are six listed buildings and nine listed structures within the search area (Figure 3). These comprise the parish church, three mansions and associated structures, the old school and schoolhouse at Llangoedmor as well as two milestones.
The Church of St Cynllo (PRN 5305) is located within Llangoedmor village, some 1.6km south-west of Crugmore Farm. The parish church, which was extensively rebuilt 1830-32, is listed as Grade II*. The churchyard gates and piers are Grade II listed (PRN 57599).
Within Llangoedmor there are four 18th or 19th century mansion houses; Plas Treforgan, Llwyn-grawys, Plas Llangoedmor and Cilbronnau. The latter is not listed as this residence appears to have been rebuilt. The 19th century mansion house Plas Treforgan (PRN 6525) is listed as Grade II*. The outbuildings (PRN 57624) and walled garden (PRN 57625) are Grade II. The mansion Llwyn-grawys (PRN 57619) is Grade II listed. The 18th century country residence Plas Llangoedmor (PRN 6603) is listed as Grade II*. The outbuildings (PRN 57601 & 57602), walled garden (PRN 57603) and gate piers (PRN 57604) are Grade II. The mansions and surrounding gardens are all located over 500m south-east and south-west of the proposed solar farm.
There are two additional listed buildings within Llangoedmor village; the former School (PRN 15607) and School House (PRN 57600). The Grade II listed buildings are located some 1.6km south-south-east of Crugmore Farm.
Two Grade II listed milestones are recorded within the study area. The milestones are located within Llangoedmor, along the B4570 (PRN 57605) and Penparc, along the A487 (PRN 57641); these being approximately 1.5km south and north-east of Crugmore Farm, respectively.
4.5 Non-Designated Heritage Assets
4.5.1 Introduction
There are 65 sites listed on the HER within a 2km radius of the proposed development. The archaeological and heritage sites are briefly described below according to period. Each feature has been referenced by a Primary Record Number (PRN) allocated by Dyfed
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Archaeological Trust. The HER sites are shown on Figures 3 & 4 and summarised in Appendix C.
4.5.2 Mesolithic (circa 10,000 – circa 4400 BC)
The HER records include a small worked flint, discovered some 500m north-north-west of Crugmore Farm and about 700m north of the proposed solar farm (PRN 9622). The artefact is potentially a Mesolithic microlith although this interpretation is uncertain.
4.5.3 Neolithic (circa 4400 – circa 2300 BC)
The HER notes that flints tools were reputedly found within the fields to the west of Penparc village (PRN 7767). The find spot is some 700m north of the development area, where a Mesolithic flint was reputedly discovered, as noted above.
There is documentary evidence for a chambered tomb (PRN 5212) about 1km to the east of Penparc. This is noted in Meyrick’s History of Cardiganshire (1810).
4.5.4 Bronze Age (circa 2300 – circa 700 BC)
Four burial mounds dating to this era have been identified within the eastern scheme area (Pant-y-Butler). There are two round barrows (PRN 52652) located on a slight ridge, approximately 1km south-east of Crugmore Farm (some 700m from the proposed development). The largest round barrow (PRN 55928) had an earthen mound about 0.75m high and measured some 36-45m in diameter. The burial to the south-west (PRN 55929) was covered by a stone cairn, some 10-15m in diameter and less than 0.2m high. Two further Bronze Age barrows were discovered in the locality during 2010; with earthen mounds measuring approximately 30m (PRN 100636) and 12m (PRN 100637) in diameter. The latter group are positioned about 600m to the south-east of the proposed development.
There is documentary evidence for additional Bronze Age sites within the study area. These include five burial cists discovered in 1695 about 1km to the east of Penparc (PRN 12291 & 12292). Two further round barrows are documented at Penparc (PRN 8061 & 55944) and there is place-name evidence for burial mounds at Crugefa (PRN 5831), Crug-du-Isaf (PRN 12147) and Crug-mawr (PRN 5837). Aside from the latter place-name, none of the potential sites listed above are located within 500m of the proposed development site. The Crug-mawr place-name, meaning ‘great knoll’, almost certainly refers to the natural hillock Banc-y- Warren, located to the north-west of Crugmore Farm.
There is a standing stone (PRN:8068) situated within a field at Llangoedmore. This is probably a cattle rubbing-stone rather than a prehistoric monument. The stone is located some 800m south of the proposed solar farm.
4.5.5 Iron Age (circa 700 BC – AD 43) & Roman (AD 43 – circa AD 410)
The known Iron Age sites comprise a promontory fort and two enclosures. The promontory fort (PRN 5215) is recorded to the north-west of Penparc, about 1.1km from the proposed development. There is a D-shaped enclosure (PRN 35729) approximately 1.5km to the south- east of the scheme site. This monument is also situated in a defensive position, on the edge of a steep slope. The defended enclosure at Banc-y-Warren (PRN 5218) is some 300m north of the proposed solar farm.
Four additional enclosures are recorded within the study area. These monuments are of Iron Age or Roman date, and may have been continually occupied throughout both periods. The
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enclosures at Llwyn Llwyd (PRN 9820) and Brongwyn-mawr (PRN 52059) are situated some 1.4km north of the proposed development site. The enclosure at Glanllynnan (PRN 8365) is located over 1.2km from Crugmore Farm. There is another enclosure within Penparc village, discovered during aerial reconnaissance in 2003 (PRN 52060). The latter is positioned some 700m north of the scheme site.
Another enclosure is listed on the HER database (PRN 35728) within the eastern scheme area; however, the concentric ditches identified from aerial photographs have subsequently been proved to be geological features. Further cropmarks are reported at Cwmarch (PRN 5835): this undated monument is positioned some 500m north-east of the development site.
4.5.6 Early Medieval (circa AD 410 – AD 1086)
The parish church of Llangoedmor (PRN 50143) dates from 1830-32. The HER notes that the Church of St Cynllo is described as ‘portionary’ in the Taxatio of 1291; this potentially indicates a pre-Conquest date for the foundation.
4.5.7 Medieval (1086 – 1536)
In about 1135 the Welsh successfully recaptured Cardigan from Anglo-Norman control (PRN 8066). The Battle of Crug Mawr was held to the east of the town, potentially at the site of the dome-shaped hill, known as Banc-y-Warren. The place-name ‘Crug-mawr’, meaning ‘great knoll’, seemingly refers to this hillock, located a few hundred metres to the north-west of Crugmore Farm. It is uncertain if the Welsh forces made use of the ditches surrounding the Iron Age enclosure. The modern place-name (PRN 5218) may indicate that the defences were still extant in the medieval period: the earthen banks of the enclosure may have been used for a rabbit warren.
Two holy wells are reported within the study area. These are located at Ffynnon Cedny (PRN 5833) and Ffynnon Gynllo (PRN 8067), to the west of Penparc and north of Llangoedmor, respectively. The wells are located over 500m from the proposed development.
4.5.8 Post-medieval (1536 – 1899)
The country houses within Llangoedmore parish (Plas Treforgan, Llwyn-grawys, Plas Llangoedmor and Cilbronnau) are noted above. These buildings are all listed apart from the latter residence; Cilbronnau is nonetheless recorded on the HER database (PRN 15614) as a mansion constructed around 1900. Only the service wing remains of the original building. The gate lodge is also unaltered (PRN 15609). The remaining mansions and houses on the HER records include Pencraig (PRN 20918), Alma Grange (PRN 15606) and the Rectory (PRN 15608) as well as the Grade II listed School (PRN 15607) and School House (PRN 57600) discussed above. Crugmawr (Crugmore Farm) is also noted as an historic building on the HER (PRN 21279). There are also historic farm buildings at Felin Gynllo (HER:15540) and Ael Y Bryn (PRN 48194), situated some 1.25km south-west and west-south-west of Crugmore Farm.
Two chapels are recorded within the study area. The chapel at Penparc, Capel Pen-y-parc (PRN 15598), is located some 850m north of Crugmore Farm. Another chapel is reported within the western scheme area; Capel-Bach (PRN 15528) is over 1.5km from the development area.
There is evidence for corn mills at Felin Ganol (PRN 15522) and New Mill (PRN 15529). A fulling mill is recorded at Felin-ban (PRN 15526). These buildings are located over 1.5km west and north-west of Crugmore Farm.
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Two former blacksmiths are recorded within the study area. These are located within Penparc (PRN 15597) and Llangoedmor (PRN 15610), some 800m north-east and 1.7km south of Crugmore Farm, respectively.
The post-medieval structures recorded within this landscape include the Grade II listed milestones in Llangoedmor village (PRN 57605) and Penparc (PRN 57641), noted above. There is also place-name evidence for a bridge, crossing the Nant Rhyd-y-fuwch, near the B4570 in Llangoedmor. There are two 19th century sand or gravel pits included in the HER records, situated to the north of Penparc (PRN 15593 & 15596). Both quarries are located over 1km from the proposed development.
There are two wells noted in the HER records. The place-name evidence suggests these are long-established features. The wells are located at Penffynnon (PRN 15594) and Pant-y-dwr (PRN 15595), to the east and north-west of Penparc, respectively. Both wells are located over 1km from the proposed scheme.
5. Map Regression
5.1 Llangoedmor Parish Tithe Map 1848 (Fig.5)
The modern field pattern is comparatively unchanged from the mid 19th century tithe map. The farmhouse is described on this map as ‘Crigmawr’, with no outbuildings shown to the south. Field A appears to be approximately the same size as the current enclosure. Although the woodland belt separating Fields A and B is not illustrated on the tithe map. Field B is shown as subdivided; the western quarter of the present area is marked as a separate enclosure. Fields C and D are depicted as a single enclosure. Field E is also shown as subdivided and the northern boundary is on a slightly different alignment to the present hedgerow.
5.2 1st edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch map 1888-1889 (Fig.6)
This is the earliest accurately surveyed map of the area. The field pattern shown on the 1st OS edition is similar to the tithe survey. On this map Field A is depicted as rough pasture, as is the strip of land dividing Fields A and B. In addition, there appears to be a stream cutting across the south-east corner of Field B. The extent and form of Fields C and D are noted as unaltered, however, Field E is more clearly shown as subdivided by a belt of woodland. There is also a watercourse running south-west across on the top part of Field E. On this edition, outbuildings are clearly marked to the south of ‘Crug-mawr’ farmhouse.
nd 5.3 2 edition Ordnance Survey 25 inch map 1905-1906
No significant changes to the 1st edition are evident on this survey.
5.4 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 map 1953 (Fig.7)
No significant changes are noted on the National Grid survey at 1:10,560.
5.5 Ordnance Survey 1:10,560 map 1963
No significant changes are evident on the revised 1:10,560 edition.
5.6 Ordnance Survey 1:2,500 map 1965-1978 (Fig. 8)
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Field A is noted as unchanged on this map. However, the ditch truncating the south-east corner of Field B is not illustrated on this survey; presumably a new channel had been cut for this watercourse. Similarly, the north-east boundary of Field B is not depicted, and had perhaps been removed. Fields C and D are still shown as a single enclosure. Field E is also marked as a single enclosure; the belt of trees dividing this field is no longer evident. In addition, a channel appears to have been cut for the watercourse crossing Field E. On the same survey, additional outbuildings are illustrated to the south of Crugmore Farm and a new compound built to the east of farmhouse. The latter is now situated along the western boundary of Field E. It is noted that Crugmore Cottage and Crugmore Farm (Bungalow) had been built to the north of the farm.
5.7 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 map 1984-1993
No significant changes are evident on this edition.
5.8 Ordnance Survey 1:10,000 map 2012 (Fig.9)
There are a few modifications to the scheme site on the current OS map. These include the sheep pens built within the southern half of Field E. What appears to be a horse-riding circuit is noted in the northern part of the same enclosure. New farm tracks are also shown on this edition. These extend across and divide the original enclosure that now forms Fields C and D. The most significant change shown on the current map is the construction of two large artificial lakes; located to the east of Field B, and to the south of Fields C, D and E.
6. Aerial Photographs
The examined photographs for this site were limited to the Royal Air Force (RAF) vertical aerial photographs and the current aerial photographs available on the internet (Google Maps, Google Earth, Bing). Both sets of images show the survey area under pasture in much the same layout as is visible today. No features of archaeological or historical interest were identified within the area of the proposed solar farm on the RAF photographs.
Potential cropmarks of linear features were noted on some of the current aerial images. These features are only evident within Field A, and appear to be post-medieval or modern in date.
7. Site Visit (Plates 1 – 11)
A site visit was undertaken on 12th January 2014. Conditions were dry but slightly overcast. The survey area consisted of five fields totalling approximately 30 acres (about 12.5 hectares). The survey areas (Fields A-E) are separately discussed below. At the time of the site visit all of the fields were waterlogged following a prolonged period of rain over the past few weeks.
Field boundaries were examined as part of the site visit, although it should be noted that these do not form part of the application area, which is generally located in smaller areas within the field boundaries. For the avoidance of doubt, there is no intention to alter any of the hedge lines or water courses that form part of these boundaries as part of the development.
Field A was under pasture. The land falls away to the south-west. There is a large machine- excavated pond in the south-west corner of this enclosure. The boundary to the west and north-west comprise a raised earth bank with trees and hedgerow shrubs and a stream running
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in a south-west direction. The south-east boundary is defined by a wooded area some 20 metres wide, demarcated by a wire fence. There is a stream running west-south-west within this band of deciduous woodland. The north-east side of this field is defined by dumps of crushed demolition rubble. There is an access track running north-west from this field towards the A487.
Field B comprised rough pasture, consisting of gorse and grass. This field is fairly undulating, overall sloping gently to the south-west. There is a large machine-excavated pond in the south-west corner of this enclosure. The field is bounded to north-west by the band of trees adjacent to Field A, and partly demarcated by a drain and a wire fence. The south-east boundary, opposite, is defined by another band of deciduous woodland and a stream running approximately west-south-west. There is an earthen bank with trees and hedgerow shrubs along the western side of this field. The north-east boundary is demarcated by a track, a hedge and a raised pond.
Field C was under pasture. This field is comparatively flat, with the land falling away slightly to the north-west. The field is bounded by hedges to the south-east and south-west, and tracks to the north-east and north-west.
Field D was under pasture, although largely covered by ‘green waste’. This field was comparatively flat. The enclosure is demarcated by hedges to the north and east. There is an earthen bank and hedgerow on the south-east side of the field. The south-west boundary is also marked by a hedge.
Field E was under pasture. There are sheep pens in the southern half of the enclosure. The land is undulating, but generally slopes westwards. The field boundaries to the north, south and east consist of hedgerows with raised earth banks. The western boundary is defined by a hedgerow and a fenced vehicle compound (adjacent to the north-west corner of this enclosure).
No archaeological features were observed within Fields A-E during the site survey.
8. Views
There are no recorded Scheduled Ancient Monuments within the study area, and no Listed Buildings within 500m of the proposed solar farm. Hence, there is no clear view of a Scheduled Ancient Monument or Listed Building from the development site.
The Iron Age enclosure at Banc-y-Warren (PRN 5218) is the most significant archaeological monument recorded in the immediate vicinity of the proposed scheme. This site is also the probable location of the 12th century Battle of Crug Mawr (PRN 8066). The top of this conical mound is recorded as 146m OD, which is approximately 45-75m higher than the development area. The development area is nonetheless heavily screened by woodland and high hedgerows, so the proposed solar farm is unlikely to be seen from the base of Banc-y- Warren, despite the proximity of this feature to Crugmore Farm.
Other significant monuments reported within the study area include the group of Bronze Age burial mounds at Pant-y-Butler. These are positioned near a slight ridge, approximately 700m south-east of development area. Whilst the proposed solar farm can be overlooked from this ridge of high land, there is no view to or from these prehistoric monuments. Similarly, there is generally no view of the scheme area from Penparc village, and hence no view from the Iron Age or Roman monuments located in the vicinity of the village. In general the thick
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hedgerows and bands of woodland surrounding the development area largely obscure views of the farmland from the north, south and west.
There are two potential historic buildings within 500m of the scheme; Cwrt farmhouse and Wellewen. Neither building is included within the HER records, but the farmhouses are both shown on the 1848 tithe map. Cwrt and Wellewen farmhouses are located some 400m south- east and 700m south of Crugmore Farm, respectively. Both are situated within 250m of the proposed solar farm. Cwrt is positioned on the higher ground to the east of Crugmore Farm, at about 100m OD, and overlooks the intended location of solar panels. Wellewen is situated further down the valley, at about 80m OD, at the same or lower elevation than the development area.
The historic buildings on the HER include Crugmore Farm (PRN 21279). Like Cwrt and Wellewen, noted above, this farmhouse is shown on the 1848 tithe map. Although the property has been remodelled and extended, the façade appears unaltered; the present building most probably dates from the late 18th or 19th century (Plate 9). During the site survey, 19th century outbuildings (Plate 10) were also noted to the south-east of the farmhouse. The historic buildings at Crugmore Farm are located within 100m of the proposed development. The view of the fields from the farmhouse is blocked by 20th century agricultural sheds; hence, the visual impact of the development upon these historic buildings may be considered to be negligible.
No wind turbines or solar farms were noted within the surrounding landscape during the site visit.
Overall, the visible impact of the project upon the historic landscape may be considered to be low to moderate.
A separate Landscape and Visual Impact Assessment has been undertaken in relation to this planning application. It includes an assessment on the impact on the buildings mentioned above, the results of which are consistent with the conclusions of this historic environment appraisal.
9. Conclusions
The archaeological monuments reported within the study area include a group of Bronze Age burial mounds located some 500m south-east of the development area. There is also a high concentration of Iron Age and Roman sites within the surrounding landscape; these monuments largely comprise defended enclosures. The topography of the development site suggests there is a low to moderate potential for archaeological remains within the development area.
No potential archaeological sites were identified from cartographic analysis or during the site survey. However, potential cropmarks of linear features were noted on modern aerial photographs of the development area. These features appear to be post-medieval or modern in date.
There are no Listed Buildings reported within 500m of the proposed solar farm. However, the 19th century farmhouse and outbuildings at Crugmore Farm are located within 100m of the proposed development. In addition, there appear to be two historic buildings situated within 250m of the scheme; these being Cwrt and Wellewen farmhouses. The former is located on slightly higher ground to the south-east of Crugmore Farm, and partly overlooks the scheme area.
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The proposed solar farm is situated within the Historic Landscape Characterisation Area of Llangoedmor. In general the thick hedgerows and bands of woodland surrounding the development area largely obscure views of the farmland from the north, south and west. However, there is a view of the site from the higher ground to the east. Overall, the visible impact of the project upon the historic landscape may be considered to be low to moderate.
10. Sources
Published
Cadw, CCW & ICOMOS UK 1998 Register of Landscapes of Historic Interest in Wales
Unpublished
Cook, N. 2008. Prehistoric funerary and ritual sites in Ceredigion. Ceredigion 15:4, 1-34
Murphy, F.A. & Wilson, H. 2011. Excavation of a Bronze Age Round Barrow at Pant-Y- Butler, Llangoedmor, Ceredigion, 2010. Dyfed Archaeological Trust, Report No. 2011/16
Maps
Sayce, M 1808-1848 Llangoedmore Parish Tithe Map Ordnance Survey 1888-9 1st edition 25 inch map (1:2,500), Cardiganshire Ordnance Survey 1891 1st edition 6 inch map (1:10,560), Cardiganshire Ordnance Survey 1905-6 2nd edition 25 inch map (1:2,500), Cardiganshire Ordnance Survey 1906 2nd edition 6 inch map (1:10,560), Cardiganshire Ordnance Survey 1953 1:10,560 map, Cardiganshire Ordnance Survey 1963 1:10,560 map, Pembrokeshire Ordnance Survey 1965-78 1:2,500 map Ordnance Survey 1984-93 1:10,000 map Ordnance Survey 2012 1:10,000 map
Aerial Photographs (Film)
RAF 1946 106G/UK/1424, 4020 RAF 1946 106G/UK/1424, 4021 RAF 1946 106G/UK/1424, 4022 RAF 1946 106G/UK/1424, 4023
Aerial Photographs (Digital Imagery)
Bing Maps (Nokia, Microsoft Corporation, Getmapping Plc) 2013 Google Earth (Getmapping Plc) 2013 Google Maps (Bluesky Infoterra Ltd & COWI A/S, Digital Globe, Getmapping Plc) 2013
Databases
Historic Environment Record (HER), held and maintained by Dyfed Archaeological Trust
Coflein, the online database for the National Monuments Record of Wales (NMRW), held and maintained by the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales
10 Archaeology Wales APPENDIX A: Figures 0 500m
Fig 1: Map showing location of assessment area 0.95 acres
E
5.42 acres A 2.47 acres 0.06 acres D 8.10 acres C 0.07 acres 0.02 acres
13.64 acres B
Red line indicates applications site boundary and land take site boundary. Area of land take in total is 30.73 acres. Licence owned by landowner Mr Marc Davies, Crugmor Farm.
Red line indicates applications site boundary and land take site boundary. Area of land take in total is 30.73 acres. PLANNING ISSUE
Fig 2 Reuben Evans ARCHITECTBSc BArch telephone: 01446 761154 mobile: 07890 185884 email: [email protected] 0 1km Fig 3: Plan showing locations of all listed buildings within a 2km radius of assessment area Fig 4: Plan showing locations of 0 1km all HER sites within a 2km radius of assessment area Fig 5: assessment area marked on 1840s Tithe map of Llangoedmor parish 0 100m Fig 6: 1888-9 OS map showing assessment area 0 100m Fig 7: 1953 OS map showing assessment area 0 100m Fig 8: 1965-78 OS map showing assessment area 0 100m
Fig 9: 2012 OS map showing assessment area Archaeology Wales APPENDIX B: Plates Plate 1: View of Field A from north-east boundary. Looking south-west
Plate 2: View of Banc-y-Warren from Field A (north-east boundary). Looking north north west Plate 3: View of Field B from the north-east boundary. Looking south-west
Plate 4: View of Field B, showing machine excavated pond in southern corner of this area. Looking south-west Plate 5: View of Field C from the north-east boundary. Looking West South West
Plate 6: View of Field D, showing green waste partly covering the area. Banc-y-Warren is in the background. Looking North North West Plate 7: View of Field D, Looking North North East
Plate 8: View of Field E from the north-east corner of this area. Looking South-West Plate 9: Crugmore Farmhouse. Looking north north west
Plate 10: the 19th century outbuildings to the south east of Crugmore Farmhouse. Looking South Plate 11: The access track to the west of Crugmore Farm. Looking east south east Archaeology Wales APPENDIX C: HER Data PRN 100636 NAME PANT Y BUTLER TYPE Round barrow PERIOD Bronze Age NGR SN21384678 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 100637 NAME PANT Y BUTLER TYPE Round barrow PERIOD Bronze Age NGR SN21344674 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 10423 NAME ST CYNLLO DEDICATION TYPE Deleted PERIOD Unknown NGR SN199458 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor CONDITION
PRN 12147 NAME CRUG-DU-UCHAF;CRUG-DU-ISAF TYPE Round barrow PERIOD Bronze Age NGR SN207478 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig
PRN 12291 NAME PEN LLECH YR AST TYPE Round barrow, Ring barrow PERIOD Bronze Age NGR SN2248 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 12292 NAME FIVE BEDS TYPE Cist grave cemetery PERIOD Unknown, Bronze Age NGR SN2248 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 15522 NAME FELIN GANOL TYPE Mill PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN19934885 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig
PRN 15526 NAME FELIN-BAN TYPE Fulling mill PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN18444723 COMMUNITY Cardigan
PRN 15528 NAME CAPEL-BACH TYPE Chapel PERIOD Medieval, Post Medieval NGR SN18814758 COMMUNITY Cardigan
PRN 15529 NAME NEW MILL TYPE Corn mill PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN18774743 COMMUNITY Cardigan
PRN 15540 NAME FELIN GYNLLO TYPE Building PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN19984632 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 15542 NAME PONT RHYD FUWCH TYPE Bridge PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN19274608 COMMUNITY Cardigan
PRN 15593 NAME TYPE Quarry PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2198348249 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig
PRN 15594 NAME PEN-FFYNNON TYPE Well PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2169048185 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig
PRN 15595 NAME FFYNNON PANT-Y-DWR-ISAF TYPE Well PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2048348209 COMMUNITY Cardigan
PRN 15596 NAME TYPE Gravel pit PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN20894826 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig CONDITION Not Known
PRN 15597 NAME TYPE Blacksmiths workshop PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN21244798 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig
PRN 15598 NAME CAPEL PEN-Y-PARC TYPE Chapel PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN21194789 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig
PRN 15606 NAME ALMA GRANGE TYPE Grange PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN20944610 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 15607 NAME TYPE School PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2003845807 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 15608 NAME TYPE Rectory PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN20034565 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 15609 NAME TYPE Lodge PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN20744570 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 15610 NAME TYPE Blacksmiths workshop PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN20754569 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 15614 NAME CILBRONNAU TYPE Mansion PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN20544546 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 20918 NAME PENCRAIG TYPE Mansion PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN19724615 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 21279 NAME CRUGMAWR TYPE Mansion PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN20524723 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 35728 NAME PANT-Y-BUTLER TYPE Defended enclosure? PERIOD Iron Age?;Roman? NGR SN21534661
PRN 35729 NAME ALLT LLWYN-GRAWYS TYPE Defended enclosure PERIOD Iron Age NGR SN22204658 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 48194 NAME AEL Y BRYN TYPE Building PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN19504709 COMMUNITY Cardigan CONDITION Damaged
PRN 50143 NAME LLANGOEDMOR PARISH CHURCH;ST CYNLLO'S TYPE Churchyard PERIOD Early Medieval NGR SN19954580
PRN 52059 NAME BRONGWYN-MAWR TYPE Defended enclosure PERIOD Roman, Iron Age;Roman NGR SN20844862
PRN 52060 NAME PENPARC TYPE Defended enclosure PERIOD Iron Age;Roman NGR SN20654796 COMMUNITY Cardigan CONDITION
PRN 5212 NAME LLANGOEDMOR TYPE Chambered tomb PERIOD Neolithic NGR SN2248 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 5215 NAME CRUGLLWYN-LLWYD;CRUGLLWYN-CAMP TYPE Promontory fort PERIOD Iron Age NGR SN20204840 COMMUNITY
PRN 5218 NAME BANC Y WARREN TYPE Rabbit warren PERIOD Medieval, Post Medieval NGR SN20404750 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 52652 NAME PANT Y BUTLER TYPE Round barrow pair PERIOD Bronze Age NGR SN2145046700 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 5305 NAME LLANGOEDMOR PARISH CHURCH;ST CYNLLO'S TYPE Church PERIOD Medieval, Post Medieval NGR SN1994445802
PRN 55928 NAME PANT Y BUTLER TYPE Round barrow PERIOD Bronze Age NGR SN21464672 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 55929 NAME PANT Y BUTLER TYPE Round barrow (cairn) PERIOD Bronze Age NGR SN21424667 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 55944 NAME PENPARC TYPE Round barrow PERIOD Bronze Age NGR SN2067148093 COMMUNITY Cardigan
PRN 57599 NAME CHURCHYARD GATES AND GATEPIERS, LLANGOEDMOR TYPE Gates & gatepiers PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2001445805 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor CONDITION Not known
PRN 57600 NAME SCHOOL HOUSE, LLANGOEDMOR TYPE House PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2002745802 COMMUNITY
PRN 57601 NAME OUTBUILDING TO REAR OF PLAS LLANGOEDMOR, B4570 (S SIDE), LLANGOEDMOR TYPE Outbuilding PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN1970445965 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 57602 NAME PRIVY AT PLAS LLANGOEDMOR, B4570 (S SIDE), LLANGOEDMOR TYPE Privy PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN1970745956 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor CONDITION Not known
PRN 57603 NAME WALLED GARDEN AT PLAS LLANGOEDMOR, B4570 (S SIDE), LLANGOEDMOR TYPE Walls PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN1965845974 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor CONDITION Not known
PRN 57604 NAME GATEPIERS AND FLANKING RAILINGS TO DRIVEWAY AT PLAS LLANGOEDMOR, B4570 (S SIDE) TYPE Gate piers & railings PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN1959046023
PRN 57605 NAME MILESTONE TO W OF ENTRANCE TO CILBRONNAU, B4570 (S SIDE), CILBRONNAU TYPE Milestone PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2072545719 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor CONDITION Not
PRN 57619 NAME LLWYNGRAWYS, B4570 (N SIDE), PONT-RHYD- ARBERTH TYPE Flats, House PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2187046053 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor CONDITION Not known
PRN 57624 NAME OUTBUILDING RANGE ATTACHED TO NW OF TREFORGAN,B 4570 (N SIDE),TREFORGAN TYPE Outbuildings PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2012346082 COMMUNITY
PRN 57625 NAME WALLED GARDEN AT TREFORGAN, B4570 (N SIDE), TREFORGAN TYPE Walls PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2013546081
PRN 57641 NAME MILESTONE ON A487 AT PENPARC, PENPARC TYPE Milestone PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2184048203
PRN 5831 NAME CRUG EFA TYPE Round barrow PERIOD Bronze Age NGR SN202478 COMMUNITY Cardigan CONDITION Not applicable
PRN 5833 NAME FFYNNON CEDNY TYPE Holy well PERIOD Medieval NGR SN2035447867 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig CONDITION Not Known
PRN 5835 NAME CWMARCH TYPE Unknown, Cropmark PERIOD Unknown NGR SN212476 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig CONDITION Not known STATUS None recorded EVIDENCE Cropmark SUMMARY
PRN 5837 NAME CRUG-MAWR TYPE Round barrow PERIOD Bronze Age NGR SN20684725 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor CONDITION Not applicable STATUS None recorded EVIDENCE Placename evidence
PRN 6525 NAME TREFORGAN TYPE Dwelling PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN2011446062 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor CONDITION Intact
PRN 6603 NAME PLAS;LLANGOEDMAWR PLACE TYPE Country house PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN1969245957 COMMUNITY
PRN 7767 NAME LLAIN IFOR PENPARK TYPE Findspot PERIOD Neolithic NGR SN20504784 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig CONDITION Not
PRN 8061 NAME TWMPATH TYLWITH TEG TYPE Round barrow PERIOD Bronze Age NGR SN212479 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig
PRN 8066 NAME CRUG MAWR;BANC Y WARREN TYPE Battle site PERIOD Medieval NGR SN207472 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor
PRN 8067 NAME FFYNNON GYNLLO TYPE Holy well PERIOD Medieval NGR SN200463 COMMUNITY Llangoedmor PRN 8068 NAME GILFACH TYPE Standing stone, Rubbing stone PERIOD Bronze Age;post-medieval NGR SN20404591 COMMUNITY
PRN 8365 NAME GLANLLYNNAN TYPE Defended enclosure PERIOD Iron Age;Roman NGR SN19554801 COMMUNITY Cardigan
PRN 8653 NAME COEDMORE LODGE TYPE Dwelling PERIOD Post Medieval NGR SN19884526 COMMUNITY Cardigan CONDITION
PRN 9622 NAME LLAIN DEG TYPE Findspot PERIOD Mesolithic NGR SN205478 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig CONDITION Not known STATUS
PRN 9820 NAME LLWYN LLWYD TYPE Defended enclosure PERIOD Roman, Iron Age;Roman NGR SN20334867 COMMUNITY Y Ferwig Archaeology Wales APPENDIX D: Specification
Specification
For an Archaeological Appraisal:
Crugmore Farm, Penparc
Prepared for: Asbri Planning Ltd
Project No: 2149
29th November 2013
Archaeology Wales Limited Rhos Helyg, Cwm Belan, Llanidloes, Powys, SY18 6QF Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440319 Email: [email protected]
ARCHAEOLOGY WALES LTD, RHOS HELYG, CWM BELAN, LLANIDLOES, POWYS SY18 6QF 1
NON TECHNICAL SUMMARY
This Specification details the proposal for an Archaeological Appraisal associated with a ground mounted solar pv generation project at Crugmore Farm, Penparc. It has been prepared by Archaeology Wales Ltd for Asbri Planning Ltd.
1. Introduction
The proposed development comprises plans for the construction of a ground mounted solar pv generation project at Crugmore Farm, Penparc (Henceforth – the site). Information relating to the development has been supplied by Asbri Planning Ltd. The local planning authority is Ceredigion County Council (Henceforth – CCC) and the planning application number is A120564.
This Specification has been prepared by Chris E Smith, Project Manager at Archaeology Wales Ltd (Henceforth - AW) at the request of Simon Williams of Asbri Planning Ltd, Mulberry Drive, Cardiff CF23 8RS. It provides information on the methodology that will be employed by AW during an Archaeological Appraisal of the site.
The purpose of the proposed work is to provide CCC with the information they have requested in respect of the proposed development, the requirements for which are set out in Planning Policy WALES, March 2002, Section 6.5, and Welsh Office Circular 60/96. The work is to ensure that all standing and buried remains of potential archaeological interest are fully investigated and recorded if they are disturbed or revealed as a result of activities associated with the development.
Dyfed Archaeological Trust - Heritage Management (DAT-HM), in its capacity as archaeological adviser to CCC, has recommended that an Archaeological Appraisal is undertaken.
The Appraisal is not a full desk-based assessment of the potential historic environment resource, as defined by the Standard and Guidance of the IfA. Rather, it is a more rapid piece of primarily desk-based work involving readily available information to assess historic environment potential. This work will inform whether further assessment or evaluation will be required as part of the planning process.
All work will conform to the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Desk Based Assessment (IfA 2011) and be undertaken by suitably qualified staff to the highest professional standards.
2 Site description
The application site is located on 31 acres of land to the south of Crugmore Farm, near Penparc, Ceredigion (NGR SN 20592 47249). Crugmore farm lies to the south of the A487, approximately 2.5km to the north east of Cardigan and 4.7km from the coast.
The site is located within pasture fields, the boundaries of which are defined by established hedgerows with areas of woodland along local valley slopes. The land falls away westwards with the east end of the site located at approximately 100m
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above OD and the west end located at 80m above OD.
The site boundary is contained within Fig 1.
3 Site specific objectives
The key objective of the Archaeological Appraisal will be to provide a rapid and informed answer to the question of whether there is a historic environment dimension that needs to be considered as part of the planning process, and whether this requirement should be clarified through further assessment or investigation.
The appraisal will consider the potential of all aspects of the historic environment, as defined below, no matter what form or period, including the potential for palaeoenvironmental deposits.
4 The proposed archaeological work
The proposed archaeological work relates to the whole of the site, i.e. all of the application area, and will also consider the potential for historic assets outside this area within a search area of 2km, the significance of which may extend into the immediate application area.
The resulting report will provide information which is sufficiently detailed to protect historic environment interests and allow for informed decisions to be made in the on- going planning processes. This work will include the following key elements which should be carried out in the following order:
Consult and interrogate the Regional Historic Environment Record including the detailed further information files and other readily available sources of information, including the National Monuments Record and early O.S and Tithe maps, aerial photographs, etc. (Stage 1) A site visit to assess the presence/absence and condition of historic assets and their potential. (Stage 2) The production of an illustrated report and the deposition of the site archive (Stage 3)
5 Consult and interrogate the HER (Stage 1)
The report will consider the following aspects of the historic environment, which are given as a checklist. Comment on the potential significance of each significant aspect in relation to the proposed development will be provided. Where further consideration of an aspect is required, this will be clearly stated and reasons given.
Aspects Scheduled Ancient Monuments {SAMs} and their settings. Non-scheduled ancient monuments and their settings. Listed buildings and their settings. Non statutory Buildings of Local Importance, where this information is readily available and relevant to the proposed development. Registered Parks and Gardens and their essential settings.
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Registered Historic Landscapes Non-registered historic landscapes Buried archaeological potential Palaeoenvironmental potential Hedgerows and field patterns Ancient woodland Cumulative impacts, e.g. wind turbines in close proximity, which will require a separate study. Newly identified sites of historic importance Any Tir Gofal interests or requirements
[For some of these aspects the advice of Cadw, The RCAHMW or CCW may be required]
Searches Only readily available material will be consulted. It is assumed that all the relevant material is contained in the HER held by Dyfed Archaeological Trust. However, data held by other organisations will be consulted if appropriate. Advice will be sought from DAT- HM if such consultations are believed to be required.
6 The Site Visit (Stage 2)
A rapid walk-over survey will be undertaken to consider the condition of known assets and identify any previously unknown assets.
Previously unrecorded assets will be quickly recorded using photography with limited description. Where it is considered that more detailed recording is required this will be stated in the report and reasons given.
Drawings will comprise measured and sketch plans and elevations at appropriate scales as appropriate. Photographs will be taken in high-resolution digital photography with the camera set to take TIFF format images with a resolution greater than eight megapixels. Written records will be made as appropriate.
7 The production of an illustrated report and the deposition of the site archive (Stage 3)
The report, submitted to the planning authority, will consider the following:
The report will be fully representative of the information gained from Stages 1-2 above, even if there should be negative evidence. A concise non-technical summary of the appraisal results. The report will contain at least one plan showing the site’s location in respect to the local topography. The report will list all the sources consulted. Where necessary, the report will also contain suitably selected plans and sections of significant archaeological features. All plans and sections will be related to Ordnance Datum. Written descriptions of all archaeological features observed during the site visit will be included. A statement of the local and regional context of the historic assets identified will be included. Where appropriate, this will include consideration of the national Research Agenda.
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An assessment of the relative value or significance of each recognised historic asset. An impact appraisal of the proposed development on the potential archaeological resource will be presented for consideration.
Once completed, a copy of the report will be submitted to Asbri Planning Ltd, and to the LPA for the consideration of their archaeological advisers. A further copy of the report will be provided to the Dyfed Archaeological Trust for deposition within the Regional Historic Environment Record (HER). Digital copies will be provided in pdf format if required.
Where appropriate, a summary report on any new significant archaeological discovery should be submitted for publication to a national journal (e.g. Archaeology in Wales) no later than one year after the completion of the work.
The site archive A project archive will be prepared in accordance with the National Monuments Record (Wales) and the guidelines of the Institute for Archaeologists.
Although there may be a period during which client confidentiality should be maintained, AW will aim to deposit a copy of the report and the project archive in an appropriate repository not later than six months after completion of the work.
8 Monitoring
DAT-HM is the historic environment advisor to the Planning Authority and will monitor the work on their behalf to ensure compliance with planning requirements.
Any changes to the specification that AW may wish to make after approval will be communicated to the DAT-HM for the approval of the Planning Authority.
9 Resources and timetable
Standards The field evaluation will be undertaken by AW staff using current best practice.
All work will be undertaken to the standards and guidelines of the IfA.
Staff The project will be undertaken by suitably qualified AW staff. Overall management of the project will be by Chris E Smith.
Equipment The project will use existing AW equipment.
Timetable of archaeological works The work will be undertaken at the convenience of the client. No start date has yet been agreed.
Insurance
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AW is an affiliated member of the CBA, and holds Insurance through the CBA insurance service.
Health and safety All members of staff will adhere to the requirements of the Health & Safety at Work Act, 1974, and the Health and Safety Policy Statement of AW.
13/01/2014 Archaeology Wales
Archaeology Wales Limited Rhos Helyg, Cwm Belan , Llanidloes, Powys SY18 6QF Tel: +44 (0) 1686 440371 Email: [email protected] Company Directors: Mark Houliston MIFA & Jill Houliston Company Registered No. 7440770 (England & Wales). Registered off ce: Morgan Gri ths LLP, Cross Chambers, 9 High Street, Newtown, Powys, SY16 2NY