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Supplemental Figure 1 A B C NSC EV NSC H3 WT NSC H3K27M 800 800 1500 ) ) Legend ) Scramble 600 600 x1000 x1000 x1000 ( ( ( 1000 t t t n n HRAS n 400 400 u u u o o o C C C 500 l l KRAS l 200 200 el el el C C C NRAS 0 0 0 0 48 96 144 0 48 96 144 0 48 96 144 Hours Hours Hours D *** E F 8 1.5 1.5 e *** l l *** ro ro t 6 t 1.0 siRNA1 siRNA2 1.0 siRNA1 siRNA2 Con Con o o t 4 * * t * * * * * * e * * * * * * e v i * * v i t 0.5 * * t 0.5 Fold Change 2 Fold Change Rela Rela Relative to EV Scrambl 0.0 0.0 0 Caspase Activity Fold Change H-RASK-RASN-RASH-RASK-RASN-RAS H-RASK-RASN-RASH-RASK-RASN-RAS KRAS KRAS KRAS HRAS NRAS HRAS NRAS HRAS NRAS Scramble Scramble Scramble Scramble Scramble NSC-EV NSC-H3 WT EV H3WT H3K27M G H I 800 Control Con WT H3 H3K27MEZH2 inb 1.5 l H3-WT Active RAS ro ) t 600 H3-K27M 1.0 siRNA1 siRNA2 Total RAS *** Con x1000 ( o EZH2 GSK343 t t * * * * * * H3K27me3 n e 400 u v i o t 0.5 *** H3K27M C Fold Change l W.C.L. el Rela p16 C 200 0.0 B-ACTIN H-RASK-RASN-RASH-RASK-RASN-RAS 0 Scramble NSC-H3 K27M 0 1 2 3 4 5 Days E C A 100 Cell Viability 100 25 50 75 Cell Viability 25 50 75 0 0 Fold Change MOCK MOCK Relative to Control Scramble * 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 MYC Scramble MYC MYC * PDGFRA Scramble siRNA PDGFRA MYC PDGFRA AURKA AURKA DIPG007siRNA2 PDGFRA NSC H3K27MsiRNA1and AURKA LAMTOR3 AURKA LAMTOR3 LAMTOR3 LIN28A LAMTOR3 LIN28A LIN28B LIN28A NSC-EV LIN28A MAP2K3 LIN28B LIN28B LIN28B MAP2K5 siRNA1 MAP2K3 MAP2K3 MAP3K2 MAP2K3 MAP3K7 MAP2K5 MAP2K5 MAPK7 MAP2K5 2 MAP3K2 siRNA1 siRNA2 MAP3K2 ZAK MAP3K7 MAP3K2 MAP3K7 MAPK7 MAP3K7 B MAPK7 Cell Viability 100 ZAK 25 50 75 siRNA2 MAPK7 0 ZAK ZAK MOCK D Scramble Fold Change * Relative to Control Fold Change MYC F 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 Relative to Control MYC 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 PDGFRA PDGFRA Scramble siRNA MYC AURKA Scramble siRNA MYC AURKA PDGFRA PDGFRA LAMTOR3 NSC siRNA1and AURKA LAMTOR3 AURKA LIN28A LAMTOR3 LIN28A NSC-H3K27M LAMTOR3 LIN28A LIN28B LIN28A DIPG007 LIN28B LIN28B MAP2K3 siRNA1 LIN28B siRNA1 MAP2K3 Supplemental Figure 2 Figure Supplemental MAP2K3 2 MAP2K3 MAP2K5 MAP2K5 MAP2K5 MAP2K5 siRNA1 MAP3K2 MAP3K2 MAP3K2 siRNA2 MAP3K2 siRNA2 MAP3K7 MAP3K7 MAP3K7 MAP3K7 MAPK7 MAPK7 siRNA2 MAPK7 MAPK7 ZAK ZAK ZAK ZAK Supplemental Figure 3 A ERK5 B ERK5 * * * 6 8 2 2 (TPM) og og L 6 L 4 ession r ession r 4 2 RNA Exp 2 RNA Seq Exp 0 GTEx DIPG brain Normal Brain Normal Brain 44 DIPG_Kool (n=12) DIPG_Paugh (n=37) H3.3 G34R/V C H3.1 K27M H3.3 K27M H3 WT H3F3A (H3.3) 48% HIST1H3B (H3.1) 10% MAPK7 2.1% PDGFRA 15% NF1 9% MAPK3 0% MAPK1 0.3% MAP2K1 0% MAP2K2 0% MAP2K5 0.3% MAP3K2 0.3% Genetic Alteration Missense Mutation (putative driver) Missense Mutation (unknown significance) Truncating Mutation (unknown significance) Amplification Deep Deletion Truncating Mutation No alterations Supplemental Figure 4 A LGG GBM RNA-Seq ERK5 Log2 RSEM expression 3 * * * B l 2 1 Fold Change Relative to Contro Cleaved Caspase 3/7 0 Dox Dox Dox Control Control Control DIPG-13p DIPG-IV SF8628 Supplemental Figure 5 A SF8628 B DIPG13p 100 100 1000 H3 WT C * H3 K27M 75 75 800 y y t t 600 * iabili iabili 50 50 V V % % 400 25 25 200 0 0 EC 50 Values (TG02 nM) -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 0 Log Drug (uM) Log Drug (uM) NSC BIX02189 3.16 uM BIX02189 2.30 uM GBM 001 XMD8-92 4.51 uM XMD8-92 2.51 uM DIPG 007 SU-DIPG13 SU-DIPG IV NSC H3 WT SU-pcGBM2 NSC H3 K27M ERK5-IN-1 512 nM ERK5-IN-1 500 nM CNMC-XD-760 TG02 70 nM TG02 80 nM D E F SF8628 DIPG13p SF8628 DIPG 13p DMSO control * * * * 105 105 100 104 104 ) (% t 103 103 en c 50 102 102 er P 0 0 Annexin PB VL1-A Annexin PB VL1-A Annexin PB VL1-A 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 0 10 10 10 10 0 10 10 10 10 0 ERK5-IN-1 PI GL1-A PI GL1-A 5 5 10 10 Con Con TG02 TG02 4 4 10 10 ERK5-IN-1 ERK5-IN-1 3 3 10 10 Viable Early apoptosis 102 102 Late apoptosis Necrosis 0 0 Annexin PB VL1-A Annexin PB VL1-A Annexin PB VL1-A G 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 DIPG13p Control 0 10 10 10 10 0 10 10 10 10 3 PI GL1-A PI GL1-A ) ERK5-IN-1 TG02 6 ^ 105 105 2 TG02 104 104 3 3 1 10 10 * * 2 * 102 10 Cell Count (x 10 0 * * * 0 0 Annexin PB VL1-A Annexin PB VL1-A Annexin PB VL1-A Annexin PB VL1-A 2 3 4 5 0 102 103 104 105 0 10 10 10 10 1 3 5 7 9 PI GL1-A PI GL1-A Day Supplemental Figure 6 siRNA con A B 8 ) ERK5 siRNA siRNA ConERK5 siRNAsiRNA ConERK5 siRNA * 6 pERK5 ERK5 4 B-ACTIN 2 SU-pcGBM2 CNMC-XD-760 Cell Count (x10^6 0 2 4 6 8 10 Days CNMC-XD-760 C siRNA con D 8 ) ERK5 siRNA * EV ERK5-HAERK5-HA T733E 6 HA * B-ACTIN 4 2 Cell Count (x10^6 0 2 4 6 8 10 Days SU-pcGBM2 E F G * * * * * * 600 3000 1500 Control * * TG02 U F ERK5-IN-1 ) TG02 1000 400 2000 R y ) ERK5-IN-1 rar t 200 1000 500 rbi A EC50 (nM 0 0 Cleaved Caspase 3/7 0 EC50 (nM ector ector ector ector ector ERK5 ERK5 ERK5 ERK5 ERK5 V V V V V T733E T733E T733E T733E T733E ERK5 ERK5 ERK5 ERK5 ERK5 Empty Empty Empty Empty Empty Supplemental Figure 7 MYC C * A 1.5 B 800 l 600 1.0 ) TG02 * EV MYC MYC S62D 400 0.5 MYC Fold Change 200 EC50 (nM Relative to Contro B-ACTIN 0.0 0 DOX DOX MYC ector TG02 TG02 ehicle ehicle V V V ERK5-IN-1 ERK5-IN-1 MYC S62D DIPG-IV SF8628 Empty D E F MYCN * 4000 1.5 l Control DOX ERK5-IN-1 TG02 * * * 3000 * 1.0 ERK5 pS731 pT733 ) ERK5-IN-1 2000 0.5 ERK5 1000 Fold Change Relative to Contro MYCN 0 0.0 EC50 (nM B-ACTIN DOX MYC ector TG02 ehicle V V ERK5-IN-1 MYC S62D Empty G H VehicleVehicleERK5-IN-1ERK5-IN-1TG02 TG02 H3.3 WT H3.3 K27M H3.3 WT H3.3 K27M pERK5 S731/T733 ERK5 Cleaved PARP ASP 214 B-ACTIN ERK5 - - + + Erk5 siRNA 1000 I H3.3 WT control siRNA 750 H3.3 WT Erk5 siRNA * * H3.3 K27M control siRNA 500 * H3.3 K27M Erk5 siRNA Cell Count 250 0 1 3 5 7 9 Days.