Diplomat Exclusive by Fen Osler Hampson and I. William Zartman

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FROM THE uprisings: Middle East Political cartoons

Spring 11 | APR–jun

Diplomat EXCLUSIVE Talk power BY Fen Osler Hampson and I. William Zartman

Whither Canada Lawrence Cannon. Bob Rae. Paul Dewar. Eric Walton and Joe Foster. Colin Robertson. Alexander Moens and Alan Dowd. Andrés Rozental. Joseph K. Ingram and Hany Besada. Andrew Irvine.

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Volume 22, Number 2 PUBLISHER WEBMASTER Donna Jacobs Leslee McCabe ASSOCIATE DIPLOPORTAL WEB PUBLISHER PARTNERS Table of Neil Reynolds www .diploportal .com EDITOR Alastair Sweeny Jennifer Campbell Richard Evers CONTENTS ART DIRECTOR (Northern Blue Paul Cavanaugh Publishing) DIPLOMATICA| ADVERTISING PUBLISHER Verbatim: Provocative cartoons from the Middle East ...... 12 ADVISER EMERITUS Cu Van Ha Lezlee Cribb Opinion: Mohamed Harkat’s long goodbye ...... 15 cu@cuative .com 1-613- ADVERTISING Good deeds: Austrian musicians inspire Ottawans ...... 17 262-4908 INQUIRIES Diplomatic Agenda: Lithuania’s fight for freedom ...... 18 BOOKS EDITOR Contact Donna Jacobs George Fetherling donnajacobs@gmail . Questions Asked: India's envoy on his changing country ...... 20 CONTRIBUTING com .com Trade Winds: Views from Korea, Greece and Panama ...... 25 EDITOR SUBSCRIPTIONS Don Cayo Diplomat & International DISPATCHES| CULTURE EDITOR Canada is published America's diplomatic talk: an analysis Margo Roston four times a year . CONTRIBUTING Subscription rates: Fen Hampson and i . William Zartman’s new book WRITERS individual, one year The Global Power Of Talk: Negotiating America’s Interests ...... 28 Eleftherios $35 .70 . For Canadian Whither Canada’s foreign policy Anghelopoulos orders add 13 per cent Hany Besada HST . u .S . orders please Lawrence Cannon for the Conservatives ...... 38 Lawrence Cannon add $15 for postage . Bob Rae for the Liberals ...... 39 Ginte Damusis All other orders please Paul Dewar for the NDP ...... 40 Paul Dewar add $25 . Margaret Dickenson SUBMISSIONS Eric Walton and Joe Foster for the Greens ...... 41 Alan Dowd Diplomat & International Canada’s defence: We can’t ignore the Arctic ...... 42 Carlo Escobar Canada welcomes Canada-u .S . relations: Still friends and still partners ...... 43 Joe Foster submissions . Contact Fen Hampson Jennifer Campbell, Development: Why Canada can’t abandon its international role . . . 44 Chan ho Ha editor, Border security: Why Mexico must be part of the perimeter . . . . 47 James Hunter at editor@ Border security: Obama, Harper plus the terrorist risk from . . . . 48 Joseph K . Ingram diplomatonline .com or Andrew Irvine (613) 231-8476 . North Africa and the Middle East: A Nobel Prize for Canada? . . . 49 Alexander Moens DIPLOMAT & Laura Neilson INTERNATIONAL DELIGHTS| Bonikowsky CANADA Books: On Paris and diplomacy ...... 51 Scott Newark P .O Box 1173, Station B Bob Rae Ottawa, Ontario Canada History: Canada’s GGs: Lord Tweedsmuir and David Johnston . . . 55 Colin Robertson K1P 5R2 Parks: Parks Canada celebrates its 100th anniversary ...... 60 Andres Rozental Phone: (613) 422-5262 Etiquette: Learning the ins and outs of manners ...... 66 Teppo Tauriainen E-mail: info@ Eric Walton diplomatonline .com Entertaining: Get your day off to a tasty start ...... 68 Pieter Van den Weghe www.diplomatonline. Wine: Vintages that literally sparkle ...... 70 i . William Zartman com Residences: At home with the Netherlands’ envoys ...... 72 CONTRIBUTING Published by PHOTOGRAPHERS Sparrow House Envoy’s Album ...... 74 Ulle Baum Enterprises Inc . New arrivals in the diplomatic corps ...... 79 Larry Dickenson Zhang Dacheng DIPLOMATIC listings ...... 83 Sam Garcia Serge Gouin Lois Siegel destinations| Dany Veillette Sweden’s tourism treasures ...... 88 Dyanne Wilson Markéta Zebrakovska ALL RIGHTS RESERVED . The publisher assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material . Smatlanova No part of this magazine may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the Business publisher . The views expressed in the articles are those of the authors . © 2007 ISSN 1190-8343 Management Publication Mail # 40957514 . Return undeliverable Canadian copies to: Diplomat Magazine, Jessie Reynolds P .O . Box 1173, Station B, Ottawa, ON K1P 5R2 9 DIPLOMATICA|

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10 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN

MANULIFEdiplomatBACK.indd 1 11-03-10 6:05 PM EDITOR’S NOTE |DIPLOMATICA

the Canada-u .S . relationship while the CONTRIBUTORS North-South Institute offers its take on Canada’s role in international develop- Scott Newark ment . The Canadian Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute writes a prescription for Canada’s defence priorities, particularly vis-à-vis the North . Our books editor, author George Fetherling, takes us on a trip to Paris,

jennifer campbell offering a list of books on the subject of Paris’ frequent razings and resurrections . He also cracks the cover of books on di- On the power of talk plomacy, including one by Canadian diplomat Paul Heinbecker, who was Canada’s rmed conflict is on the rise again, man at the UN and also a foreign affairs Scott Newark is a former Alberta and this upswing comes at a time adviser to Prime Minister Brian Mulroney . crown prosecutor and executive officer Awhen the u .S . is preoccupied with We also have a history piece on John of the Canadian Police Association . He its own conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, Buchan, Canada’s 15th governor general has also served as Ontario’s special and with the consequences of a financial and an author in his own right . Buchan security adviser, director of operations meltdown that make it less inclined to was a Scot who married into nobility and for the Washington D .C .- based inves- intervene in world conflicts . Those obser- received the title — Lord Tweedsmuir tigative project on terrorism and as an vations come from University of Ottawa — from King George V at the same time adviser to the former federal public professor Fen Osler Hampson and his the monarch appointed Buchan as gov- safety minister . He is currently vice- John Hopkins University colleague, i . Wil- ernor general . In 1937, Buchan was the chair of the national security group liam Zartman . They are articulated in The founder of the Governor General’s Liter- and an executive member of BORDER- Global Power of Talk: Negotiating America’s ary Awards, which continue to this day . POL . He is a member of the FrontLine Interests, which will be published in Au- In Delights, Diplomat’s publisher, Security editorial board and a regular gust by Paradigm Publishers . Donna Jacobs, takes a lighthearted look contributor to iPolitics on criminal jus- It all adds up to a much greater need at etiquette after taking a course taught at tice and security issues . for “talk power” (the authors’ phrase) — Carleton University’s Norman Paterson both the kind that prevents conflict in the School of International Affairs by etiquette first place, and the kind that averts armed gurus Margaret Dickenson (also our food Laura Neilson Bonikowsky conflict when tensions escalate . Then columnist) and her husband Larry, himself there’s the kind of talk that takes place a retired ambassador . And in her regular after armed conflict . As the authors re- spot, Mrs . Dickenson cooks up an elegant mind us: Military force may win wars but breakfast or brunch dish . diplomacy ends them . In a piece exclusive Our wine writer, Pieter Van den Weghe to Diplomat, the authors discuss their new looks at bubbly while regular contributor book and we publish an excerpt from it . Laura Neilson Bonikowsky toasts Parks For our Dispatches section, we invited Canada’s 100th anniversary, and gives us a both politicians and analysts to give us history of the institution . their view of Canada’s place in the world For our travel feature, we turned to — where we currently sit and where we Swedish ambassador Teppo Tauriainen should be going on the foreign policy to bring us the best his country has to of- In her day job, Laura Neilson Boni- front . We asked five political parties to fer . You can ski, sleep in an ice hotel, or, in kowsky is the associate editor of The weigh in and four — the Conservatives, summer, have a romantic dinner on Stock- Canadian Encyclopedia . A self-professed Liberals, NDP and the Greens — re- holm’s waterfront . word nerd, she also writes on a free- sponded to our call . In addition, the Fraser lance basis, mostly about Canadian Institute’s thinkers give us their view on Jennifer Campbell is Diplomat's editor . history, and as often as possible about nature and the environment . This edition of Diplomat allowed her to indulge UP FRONT her passion for the outdoors with the Award-winning Ottawa illustrator Anthony Trem- history of our national parks, with maglia, whose work has appeared in Wired Magazine, which she feels a special connection, HOW Magazine and SmartMoney, produced our cover living as she does near the Rockies . illustration, an expanded version of which appears on Top of Laura’s list of parks is Jasper, page 28 . Mr . Tremmaglia, who worked with art direc- particularly the alpine meadow that tor Paul Cavanaugh, had a tall order — to use visuals offers the best view of Angel Glacier on to illustrate a verbal concept, namely the power of talk . Mount Edith Cavell . The climb to the Says Tremmaglia: “Speaking to the audience is the No . glacier, and the view that makes the 1 goal always .” The idea of the fist is iconic, he said . climb worthwhile, leave one breath- The olive branch softens it powerful grip . less, she says .

diplomat and international canada 11 DIPLOMATICA|verbatim

From the Middle East: Uprisings of the People

Political cartoons from Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Algeria, UAE — and London

hese cartoons, originally published in the Arab press in response to Tthe popular uprisings in Egypt and in the Arab world at large, address the causes and the consequences of the protests . Some portray the u S. . reaction and others illustrate the key role that social media played in facilitating the uprisings . This cartoon collection is a special project of the Washington, D .C .-based Middle East Media Research Institute (MEMRI), which monitors the media across the Looters steal goods with the letters for Middle East . “Egypt.” Al-Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), Jan. 31. MEMRI explores the region through its media (both print and television), web- sites, religious sermons and school books . MEMRI bridges the language gap which exists between the West and the Middle East, providing timely translations of Ara- bic, Farsi, Urdu, Pashtu, Dari, Hindi, and The pilots exchange news: “I’ve got a Turkish media, as well as original analysis fleeing president,” “I’ve got a king,” of political, ideological, intellectual, so- “Mine’s a crown prince.” Al-Safir (Leb- cial, cultural, and religious trends in the anon), Jan. 28 Middle East . MEMRI monitors and gathers extensive collections of Middle East cartoons that reflect media owners’ political stance and influence public opinion . Topics range from the Russian-Georgia conflict and Russia-u .S . relations to anti- terrorism car- “Internet in Egypt.” Al-Jarida (Kuwait), Feb. 1. toons and Iranian cartoons that deny the Holocaust occurred . http://www .memri . org/cartoon/en/category .htm

“The weapons of revolt in the third millennium.” Al-Imarat The U.S. — sailing in a tub labeled "the Third World" drag- Al-Yawm (UAE), Jan. 25. ging skulls representing Palestine, Afghanistan and Iraq — demands "freedoms first!" Al-Iqtisadiyya (Saudi Arabia), Jan. 21.

12 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN verbatim|DIPLOMATICA

America’s help can’t stop the revolution of rage.” Al-Binaa (Leba- non), Jan. 31.

Egypt – the first domino to follow Tunisia. Al-Arab (Qatar), Jan. 30.

Mohamed Bouazizi’s fruit cart pushes over Egypt calls for help. Akhbar Al-Khalij (Bah- Two presidents (Ben Ali and Mubarak) Ben Ali’s throne. Al-Quds Al-Arabi (Lon- rain), Jan. 31. down, 20 more to go. Al-Shurouq (Algeria), don), Jan. 18. Jan. 30.

Tunisia holds a sign calling to spread revolution to other countries. Al-Safir (Lebanon), Jan. 29.

Egypt laments the acts of vandalism, arson and looting. Al-Watan (Saudi Arabia), Jan. 31.

diplomat and international canada 13 DIPLOMATICA|verbatim

The army – Mubarak’s last hope. Al-Arab Al-Yawm Having turned its back on reform, the Arab world is on the (Jordan), Jan. 31. brink of the abyss. Al-Sharq Al-Awsat (London), Jan. 31.

Arab Leaders Turn a Deaf Ear to Protests, Al-Jarida (Kuwait), Jan. 31. Unemployment, corruption, poverty, violence, ignorance, backwardness and oppres- sion fuel unrest in the Arab street. Al-Arab (Qatar), Jan. 29.

Mubarak: “All these are the 1 percent who didn’t vote for me. Where are the other 99 percent?” Al-Watan (Qatar), Jan. 31.

Twitter topples presidents, Al-Qabas (Kuwait), Jan. 30.

Tunisia, Yemen, Lebanon, Pales- tine and Egypt burn within the Middle East building. Al-Riyadh (Saudi Arabia), Jan. 29.

“The Egyptian people says ‘No’ to Mubarak”. Al-Shu- rouq (Algeria), Jan. 29.

Desperate Arab world lights itself on fire. Al-Sharq Al-Awsat (London), Jan. 31.

14 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN DIATRiBE|DIPLOMATICA

Saying goodbye to Mohamed Harkat and friends

By Scott Newark

very time I see the name Mohamed Harkat, I am reminded of that great Ecountry-and-western song, How can I miss you when you won’t go away? This question occurred to me when I read that Mr . Harkat had been formally served with removal papers by Canada Border Services Agency — and that his publicly-funded lawyer had vowed to fight his removal from Canada pursuant to a judicially upheld security certificate . (This removal, he reminded us, would take years more .) The Harkat saga, readers may recall, began when Mr . Harkat arrived in Canada in 1995, using false documents, a phoney identity and a less-than-accurate or less- than-complete story and thereafter sought refugee status, which he was granted in 1997 . These facts, by themselves, security concerns aside, are such that he could have been determined to be inadmissible to Canada and ineligible for the refugee status he acquired . Mr . Harkat sought permanent resi- C itizen Ottawa Jean Levac, dency status in 2002, which was denied . Mohamed Harkat, left, and his lawyer, Matthew Webber, talk to the media after leaving the He was arrested in December 2002 pursu- Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) in Ottawa, January 21, 2011. ant to a specialized “security certificate” program authorized by the Immigra- admit that it clearly hasn’t worked out we have also unwittingly created a judicial tion and Refugee Protection Act on the that way . merry-go-round that is counter-produc- grounds that he posed a security risk to The Supreme Court has also been tive (to say the least) . Canada . Initially held in custody, he was crystal clear about the constitutional va- The track record of this special eviden- released on bail a few years ago while he lidity of Canada removing non-citizens tiary process in the Islamist security cases fights his removal from Canada . in defined circumstances . As Justice John is revealing: one confirmation about to Theoretically, a big step toward this Sopinka noted in the landmark Chiarelli be appealed (Harkat), two cases awaiting removal took place last December when ruling in 1992: “The most fundamental confirmation rulings (Mahjoub and Ja- Mr . Justice Noel upheld both the validity principle of immigration law is that non- ballah) and two cases dismissed (Charka- of the process and the continuing security citizens do not have an unqualified right oui and Almrei) . That being so, it may be grounds for removal . It was an appeal to enter or remain in the country .” worthwhile to consider whether other, less from that ruling which prompted one of The problem lies in the security cer- dramatic, measures might be better suited Mr . Harkat’s lawyers, Matthew Webber, to tificate process itself that allows the use to the ultimate goal, which is getting guys promise Canadians years more delay and of evidence against people that is not dis- like Mr . Harkat out of our country . continued billings . closed to them — which is fundamentally Providing false, misleading or incom- What’s going on here? Why is it that at odds with our long-held and important plete information upon seeking entry to the persons supposedly most unfit to legal traditions . The rationale for this ex- Canada is a basis to find a person to be in- remain in Canada seem to be able to ceptional procedure is to protect sources, admissible to Canada . Doing the same to drag the removal process out as long as methodologies and activities of our secu- acquire refugee status is grounds to have this? As Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin rity and intelligence agencies . The normal that status revoked . more than a little ironically noted in the rules of disclosure would reveal this infor- There is incontrovertible objective court’s 2007 ruling, which directed proce- mation to the “bad guys .” evidence, upheld by the courts and largely dural modifications while upholding the This special process prompts the chal- admitted by Mr . Harkat, that he did ex- constitutional validity of the system, the lenges, the embarrassing disclosures of actly this . There is also evidence that has security certificate process was designed unreliable or contradicted evidence and been disclosed to Mr . Harkat, which the to expedite the removal of such persons the serious allegations of institutional court has found credible, that directly from Canada . Even the most fervent misconduct in these cases . By creating and relates to whether he is inadmissible on government spin doctor would have to using this special evidentiary protection, security grounds .

diplomat and international canada 15 Ottawa 2009:Delta Ottawa 12/16/08 9:18 AM Page 4

Ottawa 2009:Delta Ottawa 12/16/08 9:18 AM Page 4 DIPLOMATICA|diatribe

The evidence that has been called and disclosed to Mr . Harkat also reveals that he was so unconcerned about his safety MORGANTE in his native Algeria that he was planning on moving back to Algeria to get a local MENSWEAR (second) wife . He has also been found to LIMITED have been deceptive and misleading in his various explanations and assertions throughout the process, which is another way of saying that his claims lack credibility or trustworthiness . These issues are relevant because the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act has provisions that permit the minister to seek the revocation of a refugee status granted as a result of false, incomplete, withheld or misleading information . The act also contemplates a pre-removal risk assessment where Mr . Harkat’s claims of fear of torture were he returned to Algeria, can be measured against the evidence, his custom made lack of credibility and the fact that Algeria is a signatory to the same UN Convention dress shirts available Against Torture as Canada . Let’s also review the absence of abuse 141 Sparks Street, of other deportees returned to Algeria and Ottawa, ON the rather noteworthy fact that EU member Italy just deported a convicted (not 613.234.2232 merely suspected) Islamist extremist sup- morgantemenswear.com porter named Mohamed Larbi to Algeria without a peep from the EU human rights tribunals . With all these facts in mind, the following actions might just help get the job done: • Assemble all disclosed evidence relevant to all grounds of inadmissibility, refugee status revocation and challenging the credibility of Mr . Harkat and his fear of abuse if removed . • Complete a “no rough stuff”’ agreement with Algeria . • Give priority to any pre-removal risk analysis for Mr . Harkat . • Bring application to vacate refugee status based on misrepresentation . While we’re at it, let’s bring the same Offering Exclusive proactive analysis and results-focused ap- - proach to the other four cases . Rates For Diplomats

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16 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN good deeds|DIPLOMATICA

Austrian virtuosi bring their music to children

nspired by a program that gave the world Gustavo Dudamel, the music Idirector of the Los Angeles Philhar- monic, the Austrian embassy hosted a special musical event for children in Feb- ruary at the University of Ottawa . The embassy’s cultural arm, known as the Austrian Cultural Forum, regularly invites Austrian musicians to perform in Ottawa, and other parts of Canada . This time around, cellist Friedrich Kleinhapl and pianist Andreas Woyke had been invited to perform but, then, Peter Storer, the forum’s director, had another idea . He knew Mr . Kleinhapl had participated in El Sistema, the Venezuelan program that teaches some of that country’s neediest kids to play musical instruments — the one that gave Maestro Dudamel his start . So, would Mr . Kleinhapl and Mr .

Woyke like to do a similar thing on a U ll e Ba u m smaller scale in Canada? Perhaps stage a The Austrian musicians — cellist Friedrich Kleinhapl and pianist Andreas Woyke (at back) — class for OrKidstra, an Ottawa program taught a master class to members of OrKidstra, a music group for “underserved children,” that invites children from less fortunate including Oceane Chibi, left, and Jahleena Chambers, both seven years old. households to learn to play music? The musicians enthusiastically agreed . says . “We do concerts on a regular basis Ms Fedeski says the diplomatic com- “It wasn’t quite a master class but but this was the first time we’ve brought munity has been “unbelievably support- rather an exchange,” Mr . Storer explains . Austrian artists together with kids . It was ive” to her cause . Former British High “The musicians played some pieces at really nice . Everyone was happy .” Commissioner Anthony Cary hosted a first and then the kids presented some of Tina Fedeski, founder of OrKidstra fundraiser for the group as did German what they’d learned in previous classes and executive director of its parent Ambassador Georg Witschel . Both raised and then they worked together . It was group, The Leading Note Foundation, considerable dollars to help the orchestra really nice because the kids were almost was thrilled with the afternoon . “It was a continue to offer programs for children . overwhelmed .” wonderful surprise,” she says . “The two She was also touched last summer when, Later that evening, when the Austrian musicians are world-class and the whole just hours after she’d presented her cre- musicians were putting on a concert in afternoon was very inspiring to the chil- dentials and therefore officially begun Tabaret Hall, some of the children at- dren . They were just enthralled .” her posting in Canada, Venezuelan am- tended . One of the program’s volunteer OrKidstra began three years ago to bassador Jhannett Maria Madriz Sotillo mentors even got the chance to serve as a encourage children from what she called attended their year-end concert . page-turner for the pianist . “underserved communities” and low- “She’s very supportive of the program “The concert was a full house and the income families . While some children in Venezuela,” Ms Fedeski says . “And I kids liked it so much they wrote letters do pay to attend, 85 percent attend at no just thought that was such a huge ges- to thank the two musicians,” Mr . Storer cost . ture .” D

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diplomat and international canada 17 DIPLOMATICA|diplomatic agenda

Democracies don't just appear. You nurture them

FIRST NAME: Ginte in this remark- in futility, but we continued to seek out LAST NAME: Damusis able peaceful allies, build networks and promote demo- Lithuanian CITIZENSHIP: transformation, cratic values against what often seemed but the support like insurmountable odds . PRESENTED CREDENTIALS AS Feb. 13, 2008 and leadership The Helsinki Final Act of 1975, a po- AMBASSADOR: of other coun- litically binding agreement adopted by Austria, previous postings: tries facilitated 35 countries to enhance security and OSCE, Vienna, New York (UN) the process cooperation in the region extending from of transition Vancouver to Vladivostok, inspired the and provided formation of Helsinki groups to monitor the expertise Soviet compliance with the agreement . In needed for 1976, a Lithuanian Helsinki Group was self-government to thrive . established in Vilnius . Our current foreign As democratic forces sweep the Arab minister, Audronius Azubalis, associated he recent death of poet laureate Jus- world today, Canadian political strategist himself with this group and was sum- tinas Marcinkevicius on Lithuanian Thomas S . Axworthy cautions that “de- marily kicked out of university by state TIndependence Day (Feb . 16) elicited mocracies don‘t just appear: they have to authorities for doing so . Today, ironically a public outpouring of emotion across be nurtured .” enough, he is the Lithuanian chairman-in- my country . During the several decades For Lithuania, the nurturing process office of the Organization for Security and of Soviet totalitarianism and censorship, began well before the end of the Cold War . Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) . Marcinkevicius rose above the banalities We had the advantage of experiencing The pioneering efforts of these Helsinki of socialist realism and defended cultural democratic governance during the inter- groups and their support networks in identity by subtly writing about the hu- war period, so the memory of that time the West ultimately inspired Lithuania man experience in a closed society . With survived and was passed to the next gen- to begin its campaign for international the emergence of Sajudis (Lithuania’s eration . But undeniably, the political and recognition at the Conference for Security reform movement) in the late 1980s, he practical support of the West had a strong and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), which became a prominent figure in this peace- influence as well . became the OSCE in 1995 . ful democratic reform movement . But he I was working abroad in a non-govern- Foreign ministers of the yet-unrecog- never wavered in cautioning the public mental organization whose mission was nized Baltic states held a press conference that freedom would not come easily, be- to promote human rights and fundamen- at the margins of the 1990 Copenhagen cause it required eternal vigilance, toler- tal freedoms in Lithuania . We published meeting of the conference on the human ance and responsibility . underground publications smuggled from dimension of the CSCE . There, Lithuania I remember being in Vilnius, March Lithuania in English translation, mobi- announced its request for observer status . 11, 1990, when independence was re-es- lized support for dissidents persecuted or We were fully aware such a request would tablished, and watching in awe as people imprisoned for their beliefs and dissemi- most likely be denied (as was the case), from the street tore down the hammer nated news about the situation in Lithu- because decisions were adopted by con- and sickle from the entrance to the former ania to governments, parliaments and the sensus . The three Baltic states of Estonia, Supreme Soviet building, which now press worldwide . Latvia and Lithuania, however, would houses the democratically elected Seimas Many governments supported these ef- become participating states a year later, (Parliament) . As the world cheered the forts politically, bringing up documented in 1991 . return of democracy, the newly elected cases of human rights violations during More than 20 years later, in 2011, as leaders of the Republic of Lithuania bilateral meetings and in international Lithuania chairs the OSCE, it now consists began their daily business of running a fora . At times it looked like an exercise of 56 states from Europe, Central Asia and country largely unrecognized by the rest of the world . A month later, Moscow would impose an economic blockade in an unsuccessful attempt to thwart full independence and prevent a domino-like fall of other communist regimes in the USSr . Never did I then imagine that just a year-and-a-half later, I would join the diplomatic service and represent Lithuania as a full-fledged member of the United Nations . Lithuanian Ambassador Ginte Damusis moderates a 1990 press conference in Copenhagen with No doubt democratic forces within Estonian Lennart Meri, centre, and Lithuanian Algirdas Saudargas, both foreign ministers of the Lithuania played the most important role yet-unrecognized countries.

18 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN diplomatic agenda|DIPLOMATICA

North America, and offers a forum for political negotiations and decision-making on a wide range of security-related concerns, including arms control, confidence- and security-building measures, human rights, national minorities, democratiza- tion, policing strategies, counter-terrorism and economic and environmental activities . Canada is an important partner for Lithuania in the OSCE as well as in other organizations that promote democracy . As Lithuania prepares to mark the 20th anniversary of the re-establishment of diplomatic relations with Canada, we can say that we’re sharing a great friendship built on common values — respect for the ideals of freedom, democracy, human rights and the rule of law . This friendship is particularly strong, not just because of the political and practical support from Canada during our early days of independence, but because we continue to believe and promote those ideals together in the Organization for Security and Co- operation in Europe, also the Community of Democracies (CoD), which Lithuania is currently chairing until July . Canada is leading a CoD working group on enabling civil society, which is an integral part of the CoD mission and both our countries’ foreign policy agendas . Canadian Senator Raynell Andreychuk led a Canadian delegation at a conference on building civil society in Belarus, which was held in Vilnius in early February . Meet Alice: Foreign Minister Lawrence Cannon an- One of Elmwood’s Inspiring Girls nounced $400,000 in new funds over the next two years for initiatives promoting “Alice has excelled at Elmwood— democracy, human rights and freedom in in her studies, as an athlete and Belarus . And $100,000 of those funds will as a role model. Once a quiet be used to support the work of Belsat, a girl, she’s grown into a confident television station operating from Poland young woman who inspires her that provides independent news program- classmates. With the skills she’s ming about Belarus for Belarusian citizens . learned here, she is ready to take Both our countries have condemned on the world. ” the conviction by Belarus of members of -Ms. Derbyshire, Grade 11 Teacher the political opposition, who participated in demonstrations that were brutally suppressed by Belarusian authorities last here is one thing that every single girl at Elmwood School has: potential. December in Minsk, following the flawed We see it in the classroom, on the field, in the halls and all around us. We presidential election . We are also urging T believe that every girl comes to us with untapped potential, and it is our job to Belarus to reverse its decision to close the help her discover it. Minsk office of the Organization for Secu- rity and Co-operation in Europe . Elmwood School Highlights: We hope to continue this good working • IB Programme at all levels ensures ease of mobility for diplomatic families relationship with Canada and keep de- • Outstanding graduate achievement and university placement mocracy central to our foreign policy . As a • Supportive atmosphere eases transition to new school and city • Inspiring, dedicated faculty country that directly benefited from dem- • Diverse, globally aware student body ocratic transition, Lithuania believes in • ESL instruction available from JK to Grade 12 sharing expertise and experience with For more information on the advantages of an those seeking to build a democratic soci- Inspiring girls ety . D Elmwood education, please visit elmwood.ca.

diplomat and international canada 19 DIPLOMATICA|QUESTIONS Asked

India: The rise of a ‘benevolent economic power‘

Indian High Commissioner Shashishekhar been dealing with . When India became Gavai came to Canada three years ago, just independent in 1947, 80 percent of the as the world was experiencing an economic country lived below the poverty line . So meltdown. While India’s growth did it was a huge problem . Over the years, slow, it never stopped. Indeed, its GDP we have addressed this issue and today growth for 2008 was 6.7 percent. The we have a situation where 27 percent of high commissioner, who joined India’s the population lives below the poverty foreign service in 1975 and has had line . That is progress; it is an achieve- postings in Hungary, Zimbabwe, ment . But at the same time, these are Indonesia, Germany and Houston, huge numbers . When you’re talking to name a few, sat down with about one billion people, that [percent- Diplomat’s editor, Jennifer Campbell, age] still translates to 300 million people for a talk about his country’s phe- living below the poverty line . nomenal growth and the distinc- Therefore, the government is very tion of being the world’s largest concerned about this issue . When you democracy — especially in what he talk about growth, we have the fastest- calls “a rough neighbourhood.” growing economy in the world . We grew at a rate of nine percent last year and Diplomat magazine: Can you dis- close to nine percent the year before . cuss your country as the world’s What we’ve seen since we opened up largest democracy? our economy in 1991 — prior to that it Shashishekhar Gavai: We have more was a highly regulated, highly controlled than a billion people — one-sixth of economy — is an increase in growth . We humanity . I think we have been for- had been growing at a rate of three or 3 .5 tunate always to have had leadership percent per year . Once we deregulated, which very firmly believed in democ- the economy moved at a much higher racy . Mahatma Gandhi, for example, rate, from 3 .5 percent to seven percent . In and several others . They all believed the past 19 years, many more people have that when India became free, it should be come out of poverty than in the previous a democracy, a secular democracy with years — there is a correlation between all its associated values — free press, growth and development and the eradica- freedom of religion, fundamental rights tion of poverty . Growth is very important of all citizens . So all these values came but we have to ensure that the benefits of with our freedom in 1947 . growth get to people in a bigger way so We adopted our constitution on Janu- many people are brought out of poverty at ary 26, 1950 . Our constitution, while it a faster pace . draws from major democratic constitu- tions all over the world, it is also uniquely DM: And does your government have ini- Indian as it recognizes the tremendous tiatives to do that? diversity that is India . India is easily SG: Several years ago, the government the most complex and the most diverse launched a national rural employment country in the world . There are so many guarantee where the government guar- languages, so many people . There are a antees 100 days of employment a year to couple of hundred languages — 22 are those without employment opportuni- listed in the constitution . ties . They work on infrastructure projects There are other countries that have funded by government . That helps to gone back and forth on democracy but improve their standard of living . This is India has, right from independence, one of the schemes the government has always been a democracy, despite all produced . our problems . DM: Do you see India as having a men- DM: Can you describe some of In- toring role as the only democracy in the dia’s most significant problems? region?

dyanne wi l s o n dyanne SG: Poverty is something we’ve SG: We don’t want to play big brother

20 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN QUESTIONS Asked|DIPLOMATICA U N ph o t Members of the Indian battalion of the United Nations organization mission in Congo (MONUC) patrol the Virunga market. As of January 2011, India was contributing 8,680 troops to UN missions — ranked the third country in the world, in order of contributions — while Canada (in 51st place) had 224 troops. or anything of the kind but I think our journalists and called for their immedi- Neither in the political sense, nor in the presence as the largest democracy in the ate cessation . It also welcomed President economic sense, is India a threat . This is world does have a stabilizing effect and Mubarak’s decision to step down and the rise of a power that is benevolent both it probably also is a role model, perhaps . the commitment given by the Supreme politically and economically . We have no But we don’t believe in exporting our Council of the Armed Forces to establish territorial ambitions . We are a status quo system . We’d like all people to enjoy the an open and democratic framework of power and we want an environment of benefits of freedom but it’s not something governance . Expressing its serious con- peace because that is very important for that can be imposed from the outside . It’s cern about developments in Libya, the sustaining our own economic focus . We for the people to decide for themselves . government deplored the use of force as want peace in the area . totally unacceptable . DM: Would you comment on the current DM: Please discuss India’s aspirations for demonstrations and revolutions sweep- DM: Can you talk about what you see as a permanent seat on the United Nations ing Northern Africa and the Middle East, India’s place in the world? Security Council . brought about by citizens calling for free- SG: While we’ve always been the world's SG: That is really an expression of how dom and true democratic governments? largest democracy, our rapid rise as an we see ourselves . Even looking at it SG: With regard to Egypt, the govern- economic power is a more recent thing . from a demographic point of view, you ment of India condemned the attacks on It has caught the attention of the world . cannot deny a seat to a country which

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diplomat and international canada 21 DIPLOMATICA|QUESTIONS Asked

has one-sixth of the world’s population . That is one aspect . The other aspect is the growing economic stature of India and the growing role it is playing on the international scene . We firmly believe that giving India a permanent seat on the Security Council is in the interests of the world .

DM: Are you hopeful that this might happen? SG: We were elected last year to one of the non-permanent seats . Whenever we’ve Offering Exclusive been on the Security Council, we’ve always been very active . We are in Africa . Rates For Diplomat- s Whenever we’re asked to make a contribution, we’re there . I really wouldn’t At Accu-Rate Corporation our For your personal want to say whether we are more quali- team of highly experienced currency consultation please call: fied than (other emerging economic traders and foreign banking partners Marie Boivin powers such as Brazil and China) but we allow us to negotiate currency prices Managing Director certainly think that India deserves a place lower than any other currency dealer 613-596-5505 ext. 101 as a permanent member and it’s long or commercial institution. [email protected] overdue . It will come . I have no doubt we’ll see something . It may take some time .

Accu-Rate Corporation World Exchange Plaza Accu-Rate Corporation DM: President Obama recently visited 2573 Carling Ave. 111 Albert St. India . What impact that will have in the Foreign Exchange & International Payment Services www.accu-rate.ca (613) 596-5505 (613) 238-8454 long term? SG: It was a continuation of a process we’ve had . We had President Clinton come to India . I think that was a turning Canadian Club of Ottawa point because we put behind us some of the old baggage . We had an historic visit by President (George W ). Bush and an Luncheon historic initiative taken by him to have a civil nuclear agreement — which opened Tuesday, April 12, 2011 the doors for other countries to have sim- Speaker: The Honourable Michael H. Wilson ilar agreements with India . Last year, we signed [an agreement] for the possibility Honorary Chair, Transforming Lives Campaign of one with Canada . Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Foundation President Obama’s visit was really a further step in the right direction of strengthening the relationship between Tuesday, May 3, 2011 these two great democracies . Of course, Speaker: Mark J. Carney there was also the political part of the visit, Governor of the Bank of Canada which created a more liberal environment for trade and strategic cooperation . And there was the business aspect — he had a large business delegation with him . It’s Wednesday, June 8, 2011 a further step that was already started by Speaker: Tim Hudak, MPP his predecessors . And, of course, before he came to India, our prime minister Leader of the Ontario PC Party [Manmohan Singh] went to the u .S . and that was important because it was the first state visit from any country in the Obama presidency . All luncheons take place at the Fairmont Chateau Laurier at noon, for a 12:15 start. DM: What are India’s trade ambitions? For more information, or to purchase a ticket, SG: Globally, our economy is driven by visit www.canadianclubottawa.ca domestic consumption . We are not as big a trading nation as Canada . About 18

22 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN QUESTIONS Asked|DIPLOMATICA

percent of our GDP is from trade . Other countries are much higher . We would like this figure to go up and that is part of our plan . We do realize we are deficient in raw materials, particularly oil and other commodities . We will be exporting things as India grows . Currently 75 percent of our oil is imported so there is a certain amount of importance given to imports . dreamstime DM: How do you respond to urgings, Mumbai skyline: Mumbai is the commercial centre of India, which has the world’s fastest- from the u .S . government and others, growing economy. Even during the global economic crisis, India’s gross domestic product that India reduce some of its tariffs and grew at a rate of 6.7 per cent. trade barriers? SG: I think the trend is toward that and reduced growth . Our banks were very that’s a good thing but it also means more in the years since we opened up our strong — no problem with the banking demand for supplies . economy, our barriers have been reduced sector . [Barrier removal] is happening but enormously . Obviously, not everything it will be done at a pace we’re comfort- DM: Since the Mumbai attacks, the u .S . can be done because another country able with . has described India’s push for security wants it . We have to look at our own in- Of course, inflation is a concern and we as a $10 billion defence market . How terests and the stability of our economic have to tackle that . Food [prices are] go- much of a priority has security become system . We’ve been very cautious . While ing up and that is a global problem but in for India? we have opened up, it’s being done in a India it hurts a lot because we have a lot of SG: On security, of course, there are two calibrated manner . We were affected by poverty . We are trying to see how we can aspects — one is the external, the other the economic downturn but we never solve these things . has to do with our huge border, part of had a recession . There was a slowdown . which is mountainous . We have a lot of We had grown at a rate of 9 .3 percent for DM: It’s all about managing growth . areas of instability in our neighbourhood . three successive years and in 2008, the SG: Yes, and also supply and demand . A We have a problem with Pakistan, obvi- worst year of the recession, India grew lot of people are coming out of poverty ously, and that concerns us . The fact that by 6 .7 percent . So we still had growth but and are therefore consuming more and Pakistan is a hub of extremism creates

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diplomat and international canada 23 DIPLOMATICA|QUESTIONS ASKED

internal problems and an environment and agreed to resume peace talks . Are of instability . As you know, the Mumbai you hopeful? terrorists came from Pakistan . We are SG: After Mumbai, there were questions concerned . We don’t want a repeat of at the very ground level, serious ques- Mumbai so we take internal security very tions about why India should bother hav- seriously . But terrorism and extremism ing a dialogue [and dialogue mechanism] are global issues so we are cooperat- with Pakistan . What is the purpose of ing with many countries because these the dialogue when terrorist attacks hap- groups are a threat to everyone . They’re pen? We had suspended this for a while not just targeting one country, and they’re but contacts weren’t cut off — just the targeting democracies particularly . formal structure was suspended . Recent We have plans for modernization of developments are cautious . Public opin- our armed forces — the air force, navy . As ion after Mumbai was very strong about you know, there is a problem with piracy . having discussions with Pakistan . Like Canada, we have ships in the Arabian Sea . The security of the sea lanes is very DM: So is this just another round that important for us because that’s how our oil won’t succeed? comes in . We have to strengthen our navy SG: It will all depend on what Pakistan and coast guard . Similarly, the air force . We is prepared to deliver, in concrete terms . have plans for modernization . We are look- Are there are terror camps and extrem- ing at some agreements . It’s a real issue for ist camps? These questions haven’t us because we live in a rough neighbour- been answered to our satisfaction . hood . We have these challenges and therefore we have to spend on defence . Still, the DM: Anything else you want to add? amount that we’ll spend, if you look at per SG: We are celebrating the year of India- capita spending, is very modest . Canada . This was decided by our prime ministers . For a calendar of events, you DM: You mentioned Pakistan — can you can visit our website . There are fashion talk about your relationship more specifi- shows, writers workshops, films, dance cally? Your foreign ministers met recently and music . (www .hciottawa .ca) D

24 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN TRADE WINDS|DIPLOMATICA

Korea and Canada: Speed flying into partnerships By Chan ho Ha

expansion of bilateral trade between our of that was contributed during the Asian two nations . Korea and Canada hold financial crisis of the late 1990s) . economic structures that are very comple- Over the years, we have learned that mentary . Korea imports the abundant people-to-people ties also fuel economic natural resources from Canada: coal, pulp, cooperation . When we look at the immi- aluminum etc ., as raw materials used for grant community in Canada, we see there manufacturing, while Canada imports are approximately 220,000 Koreans among Korean automobiles, mobile phones, and the population . Further, Korea provides electronics: a proven benefit for Canadian the second highest number of interna- consumers . tional students to Canada, around 27,000 Recently, we have witnessed invest- — second only to China . Some may be peed flying is a winter sport that is ments by Korean companies in Canada surprised to learn that 20,000 Canadians increasing in popularity . It requires soar upwards . Over the past few years, the currently reside in Korea with more than Sa combination of courage, paraglid- Korea National Oil Corp (KNOC), the Ko- 5,000 of them teaching English to Korean ing and skiing skills . It is a relatively new rea Gas Corp (KOGAS), the Korea Power students . In fact, the vast majority of Ko- sport that appeals to those looking for rean citizens view Canada as a peaceful adrenaline-fuelled excitement and winter and friendly nation . It appears the next fun . leading generation of Koreans will find Not surprisingly, paragliding equip- Canada even more approachable thanks ment used for speed flying requires in part to the contributions of the recruited advanced production technology that en- Canadian ESL teachers . ables instantaneous inflation of the small As a consequence of such positive con- parascending sail attached to the skier's ditions surrounding our two countries, back . What might be surprising is the ori- continued rapid expansion requires com- gin of such a product: Gin Gliders, a Ko- pletion of the Canada-Korea FTA . Com- rean company, currently leads the global mencing in 2005, the FTA negotiations are market for paragliding equipment and has yet to be concluded with a few issues still earned rave reviews from athletes world- outstanding . Hopefully Canadian busi- wide . Gin Gliders is a prime example of nesses will not encounter delays in enter- Korean innovation and expertise, and ac- ing the Korean market, especially now cording to German economist, Hermann that FTA talks have concluded between Simon, it is one of more than 25 Korean Korea and the United States, and the FTA companies that merit his acclaimed Hid- agreement with the European Union takes den Champions title . Hidden Champions effect July 2011 . The issue of reopening the are small but highly successful companies Korea market for Canadian beef has been that meet specified criteria according to referred to the World Trade Organizations Simon’s theory . These small-to-medium (WTO) disputes panel . Apart from the Korean businesses are earning attention WTO process, bilateral negotiations are internationally with very distinctive and going on with hopeful optimism that it specialized products . should produce results soon . Korea has many first-class companies I strongly encourage Canadian in- as well . It is known as the best shipbuild- vestors to consider the vast business ing country in the world and ranks in the opportunities available in Korea and to top five for mobile phones, semi-conduc- participate in the building of these excep- tors, and automobiles . With R&D spend- tional relationships . Like the historic trade ing at 3 .47 percent of GDP — first among winds that brought commerce to foreign OECD countries — Korea continually Gin gl iders inc lands, our diplomatic missions in Ottawa, invests in future innovation . For foreign Korea’s Gin Gliders is a global leader in the Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver can be paragliding equipment market. trade partners who are seeking a gateway seen as welcoming ports-of-call that offer to North East Asian markets, Korea is the support to Canadian businesses interested best place to start . and Electricity Corp (KEPCO), and Sam- in establishing themselves in Korea as Currently, the GDP of Canada ranks 9th sung, have actively invested in Canadian trading partners . Like speed flying, the and Korea 15th in the world respectively oil, gas, uranium, and renewable energy potential for increased trade and economic (IMF 2010) . Trade volume between the sectors . According to statistics from Korea, cooperation is exciting and exhilarating . two countries however, is merely one per- $7 .5 billion of investment were accumu- cent of the total trade volume of US$800 lated in the first half of 2010 . Meanwhile, Chan ho Ha is ambassador of the Repub- billion . These statistics are clear indicators Canadian companies have invested a total lic of Korea to Canada . Reach him at 613- that there is still much room for further sum of $4 billion in Korea, (although most 244-5010 or amb@koreanembassy .ca

diplomat and international canada 25 DIPLOMATICA|TRADE WINDS

Greece offers Canada ’a launch pad’ into Europe By Eleftherios Anghelopoulos

per from Canadian pulp . broader Middle East and the Gulf, Greek The Comprehensive Economic and companies have also established a strong Trade Agreement (CETA) between Can- presence, primarily in construction, oil ada and the European Union is also a extraction and banking . Cooperation feature of our trade relationship . The between Greek and Canadian firms can conclusion of negotiations, expected this profit from the advantage of this strategic year, will create new opportunities for Ca- launch pad for doing business in those nadian and European companies . We are regions . ready to provide assistance to all Cana- In Greece as well as in Canada, support dian companies sourcing Greek products is available from government organiza- and services or wishing to establish facili- tions for entrepreneurs who wish to ex- ties in Greece . plore these opportunities . ne of my top priorities as ambassa- The excellent business environment of On Jan . 1, the convention for the avoid- dor of Greece to Canada is to con- Canada has already attracted investments ance of double taxation between Canada Otribute to the enhancement of the by Greek companies in industrial and ICT and Greece came into effect, creating a ties between the two countries in the area sectors, as well as in high-quality con- uniform and stable tax regime . The con- of economic relations and cooperation . sumer goods in Quebec and Ontario . vention regulates the way income is taxed We are already reliable trade partners . In addition, well-known Canadian on both individuals and corporations aris- Canada’s imports from Greece rose in the firms operate franchises in food and ICT ing from activities in Canada and Greece . January-November 2010 period to more sectors in Greece and collaborate on re- Accordingly, each person is taxed only than $130 million, a 1 .7 percent increase once, in the country of his main activity . over the previous period . At the same The resulting stable tax regime and uni- time, Greek exports worldwide increased form competition conditions will widen by 7 .5 percent . the scope for economic relations between But what does Canada import from Greece and Canada . Greece? The most valuable exports to Meanwhile, the vibrant Greek com- Canada are not only food products but munity across Canada preserves the rich also industrial goods: chemicals, medi- culture and traditional customs of Greece cines, marble, textiles, rugs, aluminum and showcases them in many popular plates and cosmetics . Greece also provides events . Greece is also the chosen desti- bentonite and perlite, widely used by nation of 140,000 Canadians every year . Canadian industry to manufacture every- We welcome all Canadians who, taking thing from cars to insulation to cosmetics . advantage of direct summer flights con- Greece is Canada’s second largest supplier necting Montreal or Toronto and Athens, of bentonite and third largest supplier of visit Greece and experience the incredible perlite . search into advanced materials and their landscape, glorious sun, captivating his- But perhaps the best success story of commercialization . And these are just a tory and unreserved hospitality . Many our exports is in traditional Greek food few examples of the unlimited opportuni- other Canadians spend their honeymoon products, which initially were imported ties for mutually profitable cooperation . cruising the blue Aegean waters and dis- by the Greek-Canadian community and Thanks to a brand-new investment covering the beauty of the Greek Islands . are now part of many Canadians’ daily framework, large, strategic investment In the face of significant financial chal- diet . Among Canadian favourites are extra projects can now be realized in Greece in lenges, the Greek government undertook virgin olive oil, olives (Kalamata olives in a much shorter time, following a fast-track a sustained effort to overcome the crisis particular), cheeses (feta holds a promi- procedure . Areas of special interest for which also affects other European coun- nent position here), wines, fresh fish, investors are renewable energy (Greece’s tries and has already registered concrete canned peaches, dried figs and the famous goal is to have 40 percent of electricity and positive results and received the recogni- Greek thyme honey . 20 percent of total energy consumed com- tion and support of our partner countries . As ambassador, I will spare no effort to ing from renewable resources by 2020), Canada’s International Trade Minister Van ensure that Canadian consumers experi- ICT, high-end tourism such as cruises, eco- Loan expressed this country’s support to ence healthy, flavourful Greek cuisine tourism and wine tourism, agro-industry Athens in December 2010 . and that they taste authentic, high-quality and real estate . It is my firm belief that Greece will Greek products that reflect the features Greece can also be used as a launch come out of the challenge stronger, riding of the land and the sea from which they pad for Canadian companies . Greek the edge of the world’s competitive wave . come . companies have been very active in South- At the same time, people in Greece Eastern Europe, with almost 4,000 Greek Eleftherios Anghelopoulos is Greece’s enjoy Canadian beans in their traditional businesses present in the region . Greece ambassador to Canada . Reach him at bean soup, eat bread made with Canadian is already the No . 1 or leading foreign embassy@greekembassy .ca, or (613) 238- wheat and read magazines printed on pa- investor in South-Eastern Europe . In the 6271 .

26 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN TRADE WINDS|DIPLOMATICA

Panama and Canada grow closer: Count the flights

By Francisco Carlo Escobar

In addition to agricultural commodi- which corporate Canada should pay ties, there are also important exchanges in close attention . Panama is host to several agro-industrial equipment and agro-tech- unique economic zones such as the Co- nology, areas where Canadian expertise lon Free Trade Zone, Processing Zones, could support local producers . Panama-Pacifico and Ciudad del Saber . Other investment opportunities for These let businesses establish themselves Canadian companies may be found in quickly and enjoy a long list of benefits the tourism industry . The Panama Tour- while gaining access to the Latin Ameri- ism Authority has made considerable can market . The Colon Free Trade Zone, investments to promote Panama as a established in 1948, is the second largest family-vacation, eco-tourism and retire- duty-free zone after Hong Kong . It is used ment destination . This image of Panama by large export corporations as a distribu- anama and Canada began bilateral has been well-received, therefore creat- tion point to reach the Central and South relations 50 years ago, although ing many possibilities for hotel chains to American markets at lower costs . Pthey have never been as close as establish themselves as popular beach In the case of Panama and Canada, they are now, thanks to a comprehensive resorts, city hotels or eco-hotels . there are plenty of resources to aid busi- Free Trade Agreement (FTA) signed in Several charter airlines are taking ad- nesses in export development and trade . May 2010 . The agreement will facilitate vantage of this high-tourist demand by Examples include the Trade Facilitation trade and investment between the two servicing the market with direct flights Office in Canada, PROINVEX in Panama, markets and both countries will benefit from Montreal, Toronto and Vancouver and all the chambers of commerce . PRO- from the immediate removal of tariffs . INVEX is a new agency designed to at- Panama has a strong and stable econ- tract investments and promote exports . omy, largely based on the services sector . It serves as a one-stop-shop integrated The majority of GDP is derived from mari- information system that allows investors time and other service-related industries to access the resources the Panamanian which have developed around the Pan- government has available to guide foreign ama Canal and its strategic geographical direct investment to the country . It also position . This stability allowed the local promotes investments in strategic sec- economy to stand strong during the 2008 tors, as determined by the government’s global economic crisis . And, to build on its strategic plan 2009-2014, offers a concierge success, the government proposed a ref- service to investors in due diligence for erendum on the canal’s expansion which investing in the Republic of Panama, and was well received by the population . This coordinates the international commer- is a US$25 billion project which opens op- cialization and promotion of the exports portunities to specialized Canadian com- of national products . We urge companies panies in the construction industry . to Panama City . In Jan . 2011, Panama’s to use this tool if they have an interest in Meanwhile, the FTA will be mutu- COPA Airlines started offering four flights investing in Panama . ally beneficial for Panama and Canada . a week from Panama to Toronto . The ex- Many Canadian and Panamanian The first key sector which will experi- pansion of direct flights allows passengers businesses have begun to explore market ence these benefits is agriculture, where from Canada to reach the Latin American opportunities so that they are prepared products complement each other due to market and Latin American travellers to when the free-trade agreement takes ef- different climatic factors . On the Panama- have easier access to Canada without hav- fect, hopefully this spring nian side, there are bananas, pineapples, ing to stop over on u .S . soil . These businesses also continue to ex- oranges, plantains, mangos, papayas, The Panamanian government has press support for the FTA through partici- melon, watermelon and coffee, among worked to provide a business environ- pation in chambers of commerce activities others, all of which can compete with ment that is attractive to multinational and by organizing trade missions be- those already on the market in Canada . corporations . Many of these large firms tween Canada and Panama . The govern- For Canada, 83 percent of its agricul- have established regional headquarters ment feels confident positive results will tural products would receive immediate for the Latin American market out of emerge from these exchanges . market access, which is higher than the Panama . This is a sound business deci- The relationship between Panama and 65 percent offered to u .S .-made products . sion, given Panama’s strategic geographi- Canada has grown stronger with time . The FTA includes “zero-for-zero” im- cal position and the expansion of flights This is surely just the beginning of a long- mediate duty-free access for key Canada provided by COPA Airlines . Multinational lasting partnership . sectors including agri-food products such corporations are now able to reach their as dry shelled pulses, lentils, peas, beans, customers and business partners much Francisco Carlo Escobar is Panama’s frozen potatoes, pig tails, boneless turkey easier since they are now often just one ambassador to Canada . Reach him at meat, maple syrup, non-tropical fruits and flight away . f .escobar@embassyofpanama .ca or (613) some processed vegetables . There are other business options to 236-7177 .

diplomat and international canada 27 Di spatches|DIPLOMACY

Ready. Aim. Talk. Events of the past decade have shown that military force alone cannot deal with either the problem of failed states or the malaise that grows out of conflict. Neither can weak diplomacy. Two noted scholars say that it’s time to deploy the full force of talk.

A nth o ny T remma gl ia

28 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN DIPLOMACY|Di spatches

diplomat and international canada 29 Di spatches|DIPLOMACY

By Fen Osler Hampson and I. William Zartman

egotiation or Talk Power is getting something by giving something . In diplomacy, it involves the search for solutions that meet the foreign-policy goals of one country while giving enough to another to motivate it to keep its promises . It is a tool that can be used to advance a country’s interests, amplify its power and standing in the world and win back old friends who have lost hope in its leadership . It is a tool that can forge new alliances to deal with today’s new security threats . Talk power is not the refuge of the weak . On the contrary, it is the fine-honed instrumentN of the hard-headed and tough-minded who understand its uses, purpose, and limitations .

Military force may win wars; diplo- which is reinforced by continuing macy ends them . These days, the violence, murder, and mayhem in use of military force usually ends Iraq, Afghanistan, Central Africa, in a stalemate, and when it does Andean America and elsewhere in better than that, its result is not to the world . eliminate conflict but rather to cre- There are other developments ate a new conflict situation . We sow that also pose new challenges to the wind and reap the whirlwind . It political stability . A wave of democ- takes large doses of diplomatic talk racy and civil unrest is sweeping and negotiation to clean up after- though the Middle East and North wards . When violent confrontations Africa from Tunisia, to Egypt, and end in deadlock, this sometimes sets now Libya, Yemen, Morocco, Alge- the table for negotiation . Sometimes ria, Jordan, and Bahrain, toppling deadlock is necessary . Terrorists authoritarian regimes including and rebels need to feel it before they some key Western allies, but with abandon unrealistic goals and work long-term uncertain results for the to meet their opponents in the mid- U. S . A ir F o rce ph t region as a whole . Negotiations dle . But when force has done its job, within these societies, as well as the diplomat moves in to end violence and President John F. Kennedy presents the Air negotiations with key neighbours and return peoples’ lives to normalcy . It takes Force outstanding unit award to the 363rd allies, will be essential to ensure political tactical reconnaissance wing for its actions diplomatic talk and negotiation to put a stability and secure the pace of democratic during the Cuban Missile Crisis. house in shambles back to order . reform . Our book, The Global Power Of Talk: In many of the world’s conflicts over Negotiating America’s Interests, is a study of Today we are confronted by old and the past two decades, outside actors, in- the uses and purposes of negotiation and new security challenges . In addition to cluding the United States, held the ring for diplomacy in America’s power projection changes in the global security environ- negotiations, probed intentions, prodded capabilities in today’s world . We argue ment arising from the increasing threat of combatants to resolve their differences, that the power of negotiation, when used terrorism, widening fractures between and and played peacemaker when called wisely, can transform a difficult situation among cultures, and the growing threat upon . Recall the key role played by Presi- and further u .S . interests, as President of nuclear proliferation, there have been dent Clinton’s envoy Richard Holbrooke Kennedy showed in the Cuban missile changes in the perception of that environ- who knocked heads and brought warring crisis . When used badly or belatedly, prob- ment among the leading states of NATO Muslims, Croatians, and Serbians together lems can get a lot worse . and the European Union and many other at the peace table to end the murderous As we look to the many foreign policy societies . This perception includes new wars in Bosnia and Croatia . Emissaries and security challenges President Obama attitudes about the hierarchy of interests sent by Presidents Ronald Reagan and and his advisers confront today, our book linked to conflict arenas where these George H . W . Bush also helped negotiate explores the role that Talk Power can play challenges often arise . It also includes a peace settlements that ended decades of to advance America’s interests and pro- heightened overall sense of insecurity conflict in Southern Africa, Cambodia, and mote global security . and division in the international system, elsewhere, and others sent by President

30 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN DIPLOMACY|Di spatches

George W . Bush helped reduce conflicts BOOK EXCERPT in Sudan and Korea . The United Nations, constructive powers like Canada and Nor- way, and even non-official organizations Deploying the full have also been important peacemakers and negotiators, working alongside and sometimes directly with the United States . The bad news is that this enviable re- force of talk cord of peacemaking in the late 1980s and 1990s was sullied by several major lapses Often America, as it prepares for war, fails to communicate in u .S . diplomacy and in some regions skillfully, say authors Fen Osler Hampson and I. William Zartman established peace processes have been allowed to wilt . Our book explores the uses and limits of the power of negotiation and diplomacy in u .S . foreign policy at a critical — if not decisive — juncture in the nation’s history . America’s friends, allies, rivals, and adversaries will all be influenced in some measure by the choices that the United States makes to secure its own future . It matters whether — working with its partners and key security institutions such as NATO and the United Nations — the United States has the energy, purpose and constructive optimism to deal with its security challenges and to sustain its long- standing engagement in the search for a more peaceful and less threatening world . An alternative scenario in which u .S . policies come to be viewed as exacerbat- ing regional tensions and undercutting u .S . influence could trigger an opposing mood of isolation, retrenchment, and reduced focus on a narrower, defensive agenda that tolerates or ignores foreign conflicts in order to address direct threats . Rather than marching together, the world would fall apart . Events of the past decade have shown that military force alone cannot deal with the myriad problems of failed and ailing states in the international system or the malaise that grows out of

continued conflict in parts of the globe . A nth o ny T remma gl ia But the same is true for weak, confused, or ham-fisted diplomacy, which can also make problems worse and undermine e are living in a world that is there is a greatly diminished appetite in u .S . power and influence . becoming increasingly violent the United States, given its continuing se- The following excerpt from our book Wand conflict prone, and particu- curity commitments in Afghanistan and looks at the successful use of preventive larly on the domestic or intrastate level, Iraq and now its growing fiscal burdens, diplomacy or “Timely Talk” to thwart the where civil order is commonly expected to intervene with Gun Power to stop the onset of violence . to be found . According to the Center for outbreak or escalation of violence in dif- International Development and Conflict ferent corners of the world . Without u S. . Fen Osler Hampson is director of The Management at the University of Mary- leadership or willingness to intervene, Norman Paterson School of International land, which for many years has been others are unlikely to follow . Affairs, Carleton University . i . William tracking the outbreak of violent conflict, These harsh realities underscore the Zartman is Jacob Blaustein Professor of the steady decline in the number of active vital need to identify strategies that can Conflict Management and International conflicts around the globe immediately prevent the outbreak of violent conflict in Organization at The Paul Nitze School of following the end of the Cold War ap- the first place . Advanced International Studies at The pears now to be reversing itself with a This is not a new challenge . In the early Johns Hopkins University, Washington, resurgence of armed conflict and violence 1990s, in the aftermath of genocidal atroci- D .C . in many countries . At the same time, ties in Rwanda and the horrendous war in diplomat and international canada 31 Di spatches|DIPLOMACY epartment of D e f ence, MC 2 E dwin L. W rist o n D epartment

U.S. soldiers participate in a combat patch ceremony near Baghdad.

the Balkans, there was growing interest in Protection is mandated even when these and elsewhere where the international designing strategies aimed at preventing acts occur within the territory of sovereign community continues to demonstrate a the outbreak of violent conflict . As early states, redefining the concepts of sover- diminished appetite to intervene . The real- as 1991, actions mandated by the Security eignty and humanitarian intervention to ity is that politics all too often stands in the Council in Resolution 687, led by the u .S . focus more directly on the rights of threat- way of any kind of direct military inter- and Britain, imposed a highly intrusive ened individuals, rather than those of vention — the use of Gun Power — after and complex regime of monitoring to states . Unfortunately, despite some clear a conflict has escalated beyond the point prevent Iraq from producing weapons successes in strengthening this general of no return . of mass destruction . Thereafter, council Although Gun Power may be necessary members tended to use the “peace and se- to halt massive human rights violations curity” threat that flows of refugees could This is no airy theory. and genocide within a nation’s borders, pose to neighbouring countries to autho- there are other potential options that rize preventive action . Such arguments Think of it: Literally are available to prevent the outbreak of were advanced, notably, in the early stages violence and conflict in the first place . of the disintegration of the former Yugo- innumerable conflicts One such tool is the timely exercise of Talk slavia, Somalia, Haiti, East Timor, and the Power, or Timely Talk, which can play a overflow of refugees into Guinea from have been prevented vital role in forestalling the onset of civil neighbouring Liberia and Sierra Leone . war and regional conflict . This is no airy Where action was taken, Security Council by talking, as practised theory . Think of it: Literally innumerable decisions aimed at preventing even worse conflicts have been prevented by talking, outcomes . Yet, in general, prevention was in normal diplomacy. as practised in normal diplomacy . Plenty preached more often than it was practised . of potential conflict situations exist both Much of the discussion in more recent between and within states that in the ex- years has revolved around strengthening treme — in fact exceptional — cases give emerging norms associated with the “Re- prohibition and facilitating state compli- rise to violence . In most cases, normal sponsibility to Protect .” Although based ance, international and intrastate violence diplomacy and, internally, normal politics, on existing humanitarian principles, this has continued relatively unabated in can and indeed have handled disputes be- doctrine reiterates that individuals must many corners of the globe . There are on- fore they get out of hand . Talk works . be protected from mass killing, in particu- going conflicts in Darfur, Somalia, Iraq, The following positive and negative ex- lar genocide and crimes against humanity . Pakistan, Afghanistan, Colombia, Congo, amples show the breadth of the exercise of

32 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN DIPLOMACY|Di spatches

Talk Power in its “Timely Talk” variation . In the South Atlantic in 1980, Great Britain and Argentina entered a short but bloody war, costing 1,000 lives, over a group of islands far from Britain but not very close to Argentina either . The parties engaged in some talk, but not much and concentrated mainly in repeating their im- movable positions . In the western Mediterranean in July 2002, a conflict broke out over a tiny island a few hundred meters off the Moroccan mainland, where one could say, using the old rhyme,

The King of Morocco sent a dozen men. To march up the hill but not march down again. The King of Spain then sent two dozen more To march up the hill the Moroccans marched up before.

Since some Spanish enclaves are on U N ph o t Morocco’s Mediterranean coast and are United Nations peacekeepers protect Sadias Adam Imam, who’s collecting millet on a plot claimed by Morocco, the Perejiil/Leila rented by a community leader.able bird habitats at risk. (Toura) Island conflict threatened to escalate into a nasty and costly war . Tempers rose, nasty words were exchanged, and friends of both parties lined up behind them . Many countries, notably in Europe, were friends of both sides producing calls for talk and reason . Spain refused EU mediation, looking for support instead . Morocco declared that “dialogue was the best way to build the future relations between the two countries .” The u .S . was particularly active in urging the parties to meet, discuss and settle the affair, which they did after 10 tense days . Timely Talk led by the United States forestalled the onset of conflict . In Colombia, the Revolutionary Armed Forces (FARC) and the National Liberation Army (ELN) started out in the mid-1960s as leftist movements speaking for social groups excluded by the National Pact that ended La Violencia of the 1950s and early 1960s . Both gradually became hooked avy ph o t , MC 1 C armichae l Y epez U. S . N avy on the production and distribution of drugs and became impossibly difficult to U.S. soldiers consult with Iraqi soldiers in the Qadussya neighbourhood during an inner-city patrol with Iraqi soldiers in Mosul, Iraq. dislodge . The ensuing conflict has led to some 80,000 deaths . A third insurgency group, the M-19, of to its goal of social reform . At the same repeated violence by the drug lords, and more urban middle class and less ideo- time, a new Liberal government under the rise of right-wing militias . logical intellectuals also arose following an Virgilio Barco came to power under the The difference was produced by inter- electoral defeat in 1970 . It committed some slogan of “rehabilitation, normalization nal debate within the government and the spectacular terrorist acts in the 1980s, and reconciliation .” Negotiations began M-19, which led to a realization that vio- including the occupation of the Supreme in 1988, followed by a ceasefire, and then lence does not produce reforms and that Court, the Dominican embassy and a Bo- participation of the M-19 in elections in reforms are necessary to win dissidents gotá military base . But in the middle of the 1990 . The process was slow and bumpy, away from violence . Once both sides had decade, its leaders came to the realization but continued despite the refusal of the seen that their violence could damage that guerrilla violence was not the path other guerrilla movements to participate, the other but not eliminate it and that

diplomat and international canada 33 Di spatches|DIPLOMACY

the other side was open to talking, then discussions could begin . It took dogged commitment to overcome sabotage and keep on talking, but the results were better for both sides . Eritrea became independent from Ethi- opia in 1993 after a million casualties from three decades of war with a border that was delimited but not demarcated . Within five years, a vicious war broke out over two small disputed and worthless segments of territory that cost 100,000 lives . It took another two years to conclude a peace treaty . A decade later the parties were still not reconciled . The “last border dispute in Latin Amer- ica,” a continent torn by border disputes since independence in 1825, broke out in violence between Ecuador and Peru several dozen times in the 20th Century alone, despite an agreed protocol in 1942, an arbitration award in 1945, and the subsequent demarcation of over 95 percent of the border . However, aerial photography revealed new terrain features in the dense Amazon jungle and led to new clashes in General Roméo Dallaire served as force commander of the UN intervention in Rwanda in 1981 and 1995 . Both sides stuck to their 1993. He returned 13 months later, disillusioned and suicidal, after the international commu- legal arguments, which included Peru’s nity turned its back on the most devastating genocide of the post-Cold War era. claim that Ecuador had not even existed at the time the border was established . In the midst of such endless arguments and inconclusive military action, the four protocol guarantor countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile and the u .S .) proposed to look beyond legal sovereignty and brought the parties to an agreement based on demarcation in exchange for access, sovereignty in exchange for ownership, and above all cooperation to develop an isolated and inhospitable region shared by both countries . The Brasilia Agreement of October 1998 overcame past disagree- ments by establishing the basis for future, mutually beneficial, cooperation . The difference between the two cases began with the fact that the Andean countries learned from unnecessarily long experience whereas the neighbours in the Horn of Africa were entrapped by their heavy investment in war and could not see beyond it . Once Peru and Ecuador a ul M acGre go r could shift their attention from their past intractable differences, creative thinking on the part of the mediators opened up new political possibilities, and the parties talked their way into a pact of mutually beneficial cooperation along newly de- at C amera, MC p l P Co m b at fined lines, rather than staying in a rut Canadians patrol a road leading into Drvar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. In late 2002, some 1,450 of dysfunctional conflict over contested Canadians were stationed in the country as part of NATO's 12,000-strong stabilization force. border lines . Timely Talk allowed for creativity, and creativity led to satisfaction in new terms .

34 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN DIPLOMACY|Di spatches

When Robert Mugabe set the stage ing one’s Rolodex open and active . Then, ful Timely Talk, which both reassures the for the 2008 elections in Zimbabwe, his if unusual events occur, it is easy to use other party and insures avoidance of del- regime had already killed thousands of those open lines to forewarn and defuse . eterious effects . Both aspects matter: the his population (running from simple peas- India and Pakistan faced a mounting personal subjective reassurance and the ants to opposition and civic leaders) . His crisis in their extremely testy and suspi- objective provision of measures to make kleptocratic government had all but run cious relations in 2010 when the Indians sure that negative effects do not occur . the country into the ground with many built hydroelectric dams across Pakistan’s Countries working to overcome broken of its inhabitants living in destitute con- main water-supplying rivers; objectively and suspicious relations also often resort ditions and suffering from widespread this should not cause problems since to CSBMs — Confidence and Security- disease . When he lost the election by all water through power dams returns to Building Measures . Essentially, these are impartial counts, he called for a runoff, the stream and proceeds downhill . But measures to restore talking in various and when he had harassed his opponent, the appearance of “them damming our forms . They include hotlines, pre-notifi- Morgan Tsvangirai, and driven him out water” raised hackles . The New York Times cation of military, and other activities that of the country, he killed off some more of commented, “The water dispute would may be taken as threatening, and forums his countrymen . He then lured Tsvangirai not be nearly as acute, experts said, if to discuss plans and activities . into an asymmetrical coalition, while con- India and Pakistan talked and shared data Another type of “CSBMs extended” tinuing to harass members of his opposi- on water . Instead, the distrust and antago- is engagement in joint projects . Nothing tion party . nism is [sic] such that bureaucrats have pulls parties together and forces them to The most devastating genocide of the hoarded information, and are secretly talk positively like an engagement to do post-Cold War era was the massacre of gunning to finish projects…in order to be things together . The very fact that such 800,000 Tutsi and moderate Hutus in the first to have an established fact on the activities might serve as a further platform Rwanda in 1994 . The return of Tutsis ex- ground .” for suspiciousness and miscomprehension iled in neighbouring Uganda began the Normally flowing communications forces the parties into making extra efforts civil war by the Rwanda Patriotic Front can prevent crises . But when they do not, to communicate carefully and talk out (RPF) in 1990 . Internationally mediated crisis times are especially important as possible problems . One cannot work side negotiations brought about the Arusha the moment when the parties involved by side in the same direction without talk- Agreement of 1993, setting up a new need to sit down and talk it out . The crisis ing out purposes and problems in order to political system with a coalition regime makes talk more difficult, because now the make the common project work . Again, it between the Hutu government, the Hutu parties find themselves entrapped in the is not simply working together that pre- opposition, and the RPF . But it excluded train of events and in the demonizing and vents conflict; it is through creating lasting the akazu Hutu extremists, who carried hysterical rhetoric that inevitably creates structures that benefit both sides and tie out the genocide the following year, and, the public atmosphere for a crisis . them together in interdependence . It is paradoxically, brought in the RPF as a Newspaper accounts, political cam- often said that France and Germany were result . paigns, and talk shows envenom the at- able to join in building a common Euro- These stories, chosen out of many, mosphere and undermine official attempts pean project because they had overcome underscore above all the importance of to return to calm . Government representa- their centuries-long animosity, but it is the keeping open lines of communication and tives are caught between their attempts to reverse that is true: France and Germany using them, particularly when touchy defuse and their need to be responsive to were able to overcome their historic hostil- situations begin to appear . Keeping lines public pressure and not to appear to back ity by engaging in a joint European project open is the job of “normal diplomacy .” An down . Officials are tempted to respond that forced them to overcome animosities ambassador’s prime role is to maintain in kind to the public provocations rather and collaborate . good relations between the home and than to diplomatic efforts . Therefore, not Thus, as the stories tell us, Timely Talk is the host country, and that means keep- merely talk is required but careful, skill- necessary and vital tool of diplomacy . D make your next event a masterpiece!

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diplomat and international canada 35 Di spatches|DIPLOMACY Talking the Talk: A glossary

Tough Talk expresses firm These kinds of talk are the major tools mal negotiations begin or when they are position, threats and sanc- of diplomacy . They are the “cutting” or stalled . It can also be used after a formal tions . It is talk that is usu- “moving” tools of negotiation, which political settlement is concluded to get ally backed by military push, coax or seduce parties from their buy-in from the public . firepower or America’s eco- entrenched positions . They are tools that Just as clear, effective, and timely com- nomic clout and muscle . have to be used as part of a long-term plan munication between workers is important of action to achieve a definable set of po- on any construction site, any diplomatic Straight Talk means telling things as they litical goals . But there are also other kinds venture requires the establishment of are, particularly in regard to real alterna- of negotiation tools of a procedural na- proper and effective channels of com- tives . Straight talk is sober and honest ture, which can be used bind, shape, and munications . Triple Talk is mediated discussion about what the present course fasten the parties to a negotiation process negotiation, where direct two-party talks bodes and what must be done to rectify a much like the welding iron or rivet gun . have become impossible for various rea- bad situation . And any negotiator, like the construction sons that the mediator must overcome . It worker, sometimes has to don protective includes shuttle diplomacy, for example, Sweet Talk contains a vast gear on an extremely hazardous work site . where the mediator becomes the tele- array of inducements, from phone creatively carrying messages be- reference to higher values Sticky Talk makes the negotiating encoun- tween the conflicting parties . (flattery), to promises of ter part of a process, and is often needed Some people are equipped to do the solid inducements (brib- to keep the conflicting parties at the job of heavy lifting in negotiations because they ery), to soothing words that ease feelings making peace and away from the alterna- are well endowed with reward or coercive of hurt and damaged pride . tive of making war . Like the welding iron power . That is to say, they can back up or rivet gun, Sticky Talk binds the parties Sweet Talk by offering positive induce- Happy Talk focuses on a to a series of talks and agreements that ments to the parties and when they resort better future, building cas- makes it difficult for them to break free to Tough Talk they are credible because tles on the horizon for the or walk away from the negotiating table they have the military or sanctioning ca- parties to share . It is the when the discussion gets tough and con- pacity to act . Others are better for Straight kind of talk that tries to get cessions become costly . Talk or Happy Talk roles because they are the parties to see the possibilities of build- extremely knowledgeable about the issues ing a better world for themselves and their Safe Talk is protective gear and/or have good relations with the par- constituents . which takes a negotiation ties, so when they speak the truth or paint out of the harsh glare of a a rosy picture of the future, they are cred- Small Talk focuses on the details of get- damaging media spotlight . ible interlocutors . Still others are better at ting to a better place — the proverbial Safe talk is critical when the playing a go-between, ferrying messages “who does what, when, where and how” secrecy of a private conversation is the key between the parties because they can be under a set of negotiated commitments, to building trust and getting agreement . It trusted to keep secrets, not distort the principles and formulas — where the is the operative part of “open covenants, message, or play fast with the truth . devil is said to reside and whose neglect secretly arrived at,” to paraphrase Wood- Most diplomatic undertakings require has led many good dreams to be drowned . row Wilson . Safe talk is useful where even more than one kind of negotiator or inter- being seen in the company of sworn ene- locutor . Team Talk is the process of bring- Right Talk is wordsmith- mies or recognizing their claims can blow ing different parties — sometimes even ing, editorial diplomacy, up a peace process, but it is also necessary rivals — together in a shared enterprise so choosing that special right in order to arrive at a balanced conclusion that they work effectively as a team and word to convey an idea where each move would be judged by it- do not undermine a negotiation by free- when apparent synonyms self if it were to be opened to the media’s lancing or talking at cross purposes . do not express quite the same thing . scrutiny every moment . Stop Talk is the threat of Trash Talk is a put down, Timely Talk is talk that takes place before bringing diplomacy to a halt, useful at times if used at the the parties have started to throw bricks at by turning off the power right moment in the right each other . It is talk that is directed at get- switch, and letting the par- way . Humiliating or deni- ting the parties to commit to a political as ties stew in their own juice . grating rivals is sometimes opposed to a violent solution to settle their a necessary tool of diplomacy — espe- differences . But it is also talk that seizes the This article is an excerpt from The Global cially if they misbehave or are way out of ripe moment in the conflict itself, or that Power of Talk: Negotiating America’s In- line — but Trash Talk is generally some- makes the moment ripe when necessary. terests by Fen Osler Hampson and i . thing to be saved sparingly for those rare William Zartman . It will be published in occasions when friendly negotiation is not Street Talk is a way to generate public August by Paradigm Publishers (Boulder an option . support for a peace process before for- and London) .

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partner, given our extensive economic Our participation in the Common- integration . Our prosperity therefore wealth and Francophonie reflects our depends on carefully managing that bilingual and multicultural character on partnership, as well as our shared border . the world scene . The declaration announced recently by We will continue to be active in defend- u .S . President Obama and Prime Minister ing peace and security around the world . Harper establishes a new long-term part- The Harper government has consistently nership between Canada and the United voiced concern over situations that vio- States that will accelerate the legitimate lated human rights, democracy and the flows of people and goods between both rule of law . We have been among the most countries while strengthening security vocal of nations on Iran’s concealment of and economic competitiveness . nuclear weapons, as well as its flagrant anada’s foreign policy reflects the Canada and the United States have a abuse of human rights . We will continue values that Canadians hold dear: remarkable history of cooperation at the to hold Iran to account . We have been vo- Cfreedom, democracy, human rights border that has greatly benefited both cal about the unacceptable threat posed by and the rule of law . These objectives focus countries — keeping our common borders North Korea . It is a danger to the security on protecting and promoting the pros- open to commerce and closed to criminal and stability of the entire region . We have perity and security of Canadians, while and terrorist elements . limited our engagement and are putting advancing Canada’s interests in a chang- Our economic prosperity, the solidity in place additional sanctions . Canada has ing world . Last year, we hosted a series of our democracy and the security of our stood strong against the Burmese regime of important and successful gatherings, citizens are also linked with those of our and imposed the toughest sanctions in the most notably the Winter Olympic and continental neighbours . In other parts of world against that regime . Paralympic Games in Vancouver, the G-8 the hemisphere, Canada aims to build a Finally, our Arctic foreign policy re- Summit in Muskoka and the G-20 Sum- safe and secure hemisphere, enhancing the flects our national interest, and most mit in Toronto . For the past five years, prosperity of citizens, while strengthening importantly our national character . Our Canada’s role in the world and its capac- and reinforcing support for democratic approach stresses sovereignty, with clearly ity to provide constructive leadership on governance . defined boundaries in the Arctic . We re- major issues has focused on reflecting the It is a fact that there cannot be pros- main focused on the economic and social interests of Canadians in a principled, yet perity without security or without the development for prosperity for the region pragmatic and action-oriented approach . freedoms and legal protections that result while protecting the Arctic environment In the coming years, we will continue to from democratic governance . That is through Canadian initiatives and key part- serve those interests with determination the guiding principle of our place in the nerships . We aim to continue engaging and long-term vision . world . Northerners to enable them to help shape Our first priority remains creating In the same way, democratic gov- policy on Arctic issues . greater economic opportunity for Canada, ernance cannot be consolidated when Our vision for Canada goes beyond a notably by focusing on emerging markets . there is persistent poverty and social list of engagements with countries, conti- As the economic recovery remains fragile, exclusion or when personal security nents and regions of the world . Advanc- Canadians know that their government is threatened by crime and violence . ing Canada’s leadership role in exercising will stay the course toward achieving In Afghanistan, Canada’s mission will and protecting our sovereignty, pursuing balanced and sustained growth . Our gov- shift in 2011 to a non-combat role, and will economic prosperity and continuing to ernment will continue to demonstrate the focus on training, development, diplo- invest in security and stability of regions, responsible leadership that has made our macy and humanitarian assistance . both near and far, will ensure that our country an example to follow amongst the This renewed engagement builds on foreign policy is an expression of Cana- G-20 countries . We will also continue to Canada’s significant experience and dian interests and values . Our role in the aggressively pursue commercial engage- investments in Afghanistan to date and world is principled, though not always ment in the world by showcasing Cana- supports Afghan-developed priorities . popular . It's clear that the last five years da’s advantage to China, India and Brazil . Canada’s ultimate objective remains the have allowed us to showcase Canada to We will continue to focus on air service same: to leave Afghanistan to Afghans, the world as a positive force on the right arrangements and investment promotion and to support them in building a country side of history . and protection . that is better governed, more stable and The United States remains Canada’s secure, and no longer a safe haven for ter- Lawrence Cannon is Canada’s minister most significant economic and security rorists . of foreign affairs .

38 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN WHITHER CANADA|Di spatches ‘As Liberals, we should be free traders and smart traders’ By Bob Rae

Declaration of Human Rights . We are view that the invasion was illegal and its natural internationalists . pragmatic concern that such an invasion We are a trading nation . Well over half can very quickly become an unpopular of our national income depends on trade occupation . outside our borders, most of it with the Canada did join an international effort u .S . But our interests are best served by in Afghanistan . Building sustainable de- strong multilateral agreements and the mocracies does not come out of the barrel rule of law . We depend on a range of of a foreign gun . Armies of occupation, agreements and instruments that connect however well intentioned, will not suc- us to the world . ceed . As Liberals, we should be free traders Canada has on many occasions chosen — and smart traders . This is certainly true a different path from the u .S . We are by t is only natural that our foreign policy when it comes to development . We must nature multilateral and international in should reflect both our interests and end punishing duties on exports from our outlook . Iour values . The debate as to whether Third World countries and end protection- The Air India bombing should have what we do in the world should be realis- ism against countries wanting to trade taught us that we are not immune from tic or idealistic is pretty empty . their way to prosperity . violence . The recent arrests in Toronto are We are more than 30 million people, As Jeffrey Sachs writes in The End of further confirmation . But neither means an advanced economy with sovereignty Poverty, anti-globalization movement that borders should be closed nor that we over vast lands on the northern half of leaders “have the right moral fervour and are in a “war” with those who claim to the North American continent . We're an ethical viewpoint, but the wrong diagno- be speaking for some twisted version of aboriginal country as well as a country of sis of the deeper problems . . .Too many militant Islam . immigrants and settlers . It is only natural protesters do not know that it is possible We have to be vigilant in defence of that the Inuit people of the far north want to combine faith in the power of trade our security, and we need efficient co-op- to connect with other polar communities . and markets with understanding of their eration between our intelligence services, Our sensitivity and understanding of limitations, as well . The movement is too the RCMP, and local police forces . But climate change issues, cultural and edu- pessimistic about the possibilities of capi- Canada also has a Charter of Rights and cational challenges and resource develop- talism with a human face, in which the re- Freedoms, and the constitution requires ment will inevitably reflect this part of the markable power of trade and investment that we remain vigilant in defence of due Canadian reality . can be harnessed while acknowledging process as much as we are vigilant in de- We value freedom and the rule of and addressing limitations through com- fence of freedom . law, for ourselves and for others . When pensatory collective actions ." As a country of immigrants, we must Canada became a federal country in 1867, This does not mean that Canada should do more to ensure we all talk, that we do our foreign policy was run by the British . abandon its agriculture and natural re- not allow differences to fester or extrem- Border disputes with the Americans, argu- source sectors to a theory . If the u .S . and ism to grow . ments about trade, our foreign obligations: Europe persist in extraordinary acts of The rules of the game have not These were handled for us by the British . subsidy to protect their farmers, we can changed . A century that gave us unprec- The federal cabinet that declared war in hardly do less . edented violence has now been succeeded 1914 was presided over by the governor Does this make us inconsistent? Only by a world of bewildering complexity . general but as young Canadian boys died to the extent that we are faced with incon- Simplistic thinking has no place in it . on the battlefields of Northern France, our sistency by our neighbours . Freer trade Edmund Burke rightly said that: "gov- identity came to the fore . will always be an important goal of public erning in the name of a theory" is a bad Canada joined the League of Nations policy, but it won't work if we lower our idea . So is invasion in the name of a in 1919 . We shared the hardships of the guard while others keep theirs well de- theory . Avoiding ideological enthusi- depression in the 1930s, and, like many fended . asm, doing less harm, saving more lives, others, were fooled into thinking that The most difficult question for Cana- reconciling differences, eliminating the reason would work its charm on Hitler . dians is how to respond to the threat of worst poverty, steadily constructing a We fought on the battlefields again and violence and the impact of terrorism . world order — this is the better way of assumed our place at the United Nations Jean Chretien's wise decision not to the future . after World War ii . support the invasion of Iraq was not taken We are a founder of NATO . A Cana- after reading a poll . It was taken because Bob Rae is the foreign affairs critic for the dian, John Humphreys, drafted the UN of the Canadian government’s principled Liberal Party of Canada .

diplomat and international canada 39 Di spatches|WHITHER CANADA NDP: Asserting a new Canadian consensus By Paul Dewar

ment with Colombia even though hun- poor, Canada is effectively backing away dreds of Colombian trade unionists have from its commitments . been murdered with impunity . We have The world’s poor depend on countries tagged along in a counter-insurgency war like ours to work with them in changing in Afghanistan, sacrificing Canadian blood their circumstances . The global financial and treasure with no clear strategy for crisis and dangerous climate change are peace . The government has dismissed a already worsening the living conditions role for peace-building in Afghanistan and around the globe . Now is the time for the Democratic Republic of the Congo . In Canadian leadership — before lives are the meantime, it blocks inquiries into why destroyed and the peace and stability of it handed detainees to Afghan security the global community deteriorates . forces knowing that torture was likely . It A New Democratic government would his is a difficult time to discuss Can- has abandoned any pretence to being a honour Canada’s commitments to pov- ada’s role in the world . Decades of fair and honest broker in the Middle East . erty eradication . We would set a concrete Tbudget cuts and political mistakes We have all but abandoned Africa . timeline to meet the goal of devoting 0 .7 culminated in the loss of our campaign It’s time for an overhaul of Canada’s percent of GNP to international aid . for a non-permanent seat on the United foreign policy . It’s time to re-assert a new Furthermore, we would reverse this Nations Security Council . But this is also Canadian consensus on peace, justice and government’s attacks on women’s lead- an important time to propose a new di- sustainable global development . New ership in development . We believe that rection for our foreign policy and regain approaches to the war in Afghanistan, focusing on women’s leadership in devel- Canada’s influence on the world stage . UN Millennium Development Goals and opment is the most effective way of meet- Historically we have much to be proud corporate social responsibility can become ing our aid objectives . of . But since the early 1990s, Canada’s the building blocks for a new Canadian We would also change the approach to influence has diminished . What remains consensus on foreign policy . the environment . Canadians want climate of our diplomatic muscle has been under- On Afghanistan, New Democrats re- change to be a real priority, not a “side- mined by Stephen Harper’s government . main committed to engaging in peace- show” as described by Mr . Harper . New Today, Canada’s foreign policy does not building . When we first advocated this Democrats will revitalize our environmen- stand for much . The government has em- position in 2006, it was met with vitriol . tal action plan which was adopted by the braced ideological positions for the sake Today, there’s near unanimity that we can- House of Commons — and killed by Mr . of partisan advantage at home, instead not expect a resolution by continuing the Harper’s unelected senators . of promoting our core values abroad . same counter-insurgency tactics . Another place Canada can yield imme- What concerns me is the effect of a policy Unfortunately, Conservatives and diate results is the area of corporate social transformation from a broad-base and Liberals supported three additional years responsibility (CSR) . The government progressive Canadian consensus to one of Canadian military deployment in missed an opportunity for action on this that stands against progress . Afghanistan while cutting Canadian aid file when Canadian civil society and the A generation ago, Canada was known to the country . Their approach shows a industry unanimously supported a series for its internationalism . We created the complete lack of imagination in dealing of tough and mandatory CSR rules . An modern concept of UN peacekeeping; we with Afghanistan . NDP government would act upon the rec- stood at the forefront of global efforts to A New Democrat government would ommendations of that national roundtable . promote human rights, such as the fight withdraw troops from combat while pro- Changing our foreign policy to one against South African apartheid . When posing an alternative approach that would built around respect for human rights, activists around the world wanted a gov- ensure Canada delivers on its commit- multilateralism and international law will ernmental partner to help create a treaty ments to improve the lives of Afghans and do wonders for Canada’s global stature . banning landmines, they came to Ottawa . prepare the ground for sustained peace . It’s time to focus on our role in peacekeep- A Canadian chaired the negotiations to As we approach the deadline for our ing, the depth of our global engagement, launch the International Criminal Court . Millennium Development Goals, the gov- the strength of the ideas we would take We are no longer seen as a strong moral ernment has decided to cap the foreign to the world stage, and the leadership we voice on key international issues . Today, assistance budget . That decision will ef- would offer . It’s time to discover our new we contribute few peacekeepers . Canada fectively reduce aid levels as of 2010 . At a Canadian consensus . is the only Western country to let one of time when other G8 countries with much our citizens languish in Guantanamo . The deeper economic problems are maintain- Paul Dewar is the NDP’s foreign affairs government endorsed a free-trade agree- ing their aid commitments to the world’s critic .

40 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN WHITHER CANADA|Di spatches For Greens, ‘fair trade’ accords, and a department of peace By Eric Walton and Joe Foster

believe that progress in building a safe The failed attempt to obtain an ex- and secure international community is as pected seat on the UN Security Council much an attitudinal challenge as an eco- was also an indicator of how much work nomic or security problem . still needs to be done . International issues should be ap- Trade and communications are univer- proached with the attitude that there is sal . Isolation is not an option . The GPC no sustainable solution without local supports “fair trade” accords . This means representation and participation . We putting sovereignty, human rights, labour believe that it is less costly, in human, en- standards and environmental protection vironmental and financial terms, to focus front and centre in any trade agreement . on preventing conflict and reducing risk Canada needs to re-assess, and renegoti- from natural disasters than to respond ate if necessary, all trade agreements with he Green Party of Canada sees after the fact to these crises . these objectives in mind . international affairs as a logical Canadian Greens assert that we can- Rebuilding Canada’s role as an active Tand necessary extension of the not take a leadership role on global UN peacekeeper is one of the mandates country’s domestic programs . Green issues without demonstrating, first at that we would give to a new department policies are founded on traditional Cana- home, the principles that evolve from of peace and security . The switch from dian values and those shared by Greens our traditional Canadian values . We need “defence” to “peace” will give direction worldwide . to regain our commitment to real par- to professionalizing peace rather than Respect and non-violence are at the liamentary democracy, to a professional war . An example of this refocusing of core of our policy approach . Respect and non-politicized public service, to talent and resources is the recent gradua- entails balancing the rights and responsi- human rights, to respect for our Charter tion in Ottawa of the first certified peace bilities of individuals with those of local of Rights and the rule of law . One re- negotiators who have been trained to act communities and of our nation, all within cent disappointment was the close vote as brokers in conflict zones . the framework of global community . in Parliament that almost succeeded in At the same time, international secu- Non-violence demands peaceful solu- passing legislation that would have held rity is essential for stability and progress . tions to endemic problems of poverty, Canadian corporations operating abroad Greens propose expanding our rapid re- threats to human rights and environmen- accountable with respect to labour prac- sponse humanitarian teams and promot- tal degradation in Canada and abroad . tices, human rights and environmental ing a similar UN Force with a mandate All Green Party policies are based on protection . for peacekeeping and environmental res- leaving a positive legacy for generations Foreign policy that builds trust, prog- toration in both international crisis situ- to follow . ress, stability and sustainability is needed ations and domestic catastrophes . While The Green Party of Canada (GPC) does to promote a stable environment for strongly supporting the concept of the not adhere to an ideology or a political Canadian business and labour to thrive . United Nations and its associated bodies, agenda that’s particularly right- or left- We will need to enhance our credibility we will work toward organizational re- wing . We address each issue based on the by strengthening democratic rights in form to make it more accountable, begin- rights of the individual and the common Canada with respect to freedom of ex- ning with the Security Council . good, designed for long-term prosperity pression, association, assembly, access to In summary, it is important to revital- and sustainability . information and effective parliamentary ize our image abroad if we are to prosper The foreign policy of the GPC recog- and representative government . as a country and influence the interna- nizes the need for an integrated, balanced We must also tackle chronic poverty tional community for mutual benefit . We approach, encompassing all components and growing inequality within Can- first need to put our own house in order of our international relations: peace, secu- ada . These are all essential ingredients in to ensure that our diplomats and their rity, conservation and prosperity . helping to stimulate innovation, competi- Canadian colleagues stationed overseas The GPC proposes an oversight min- tiveness, social cohesion and excellence . have the delegated authority and support istry to break down “bureaucratic si- Over the past few years, Canada has to carry out our vision for a safer, greener los” and encourage the departments of sadly lost its position as a respected in- and more prosperous world . foreign affairs and trade, international ternational advocate for human rights . cooperation, defence, environment and Advancement of our indigenous people’s Although neither is elected as an MP, immigration to work better together in inherent rights and the application of re- Eric Walton is the Green Party of Cana- order to design and implement the most cent UN Human Rights conventions has da’s international affairs critic, Joe Fos- effective international programs . Greens also had limited progress . ter is human rights critic .

diplomat and international canada 41 Di spatches|WHITHER CANADA

submarines to Canadian requirements has taken longer and cost more than expected ‘We do not live in but in underwater operation there is no margin for error . The Chicoutimi tragedy underlines why we put a premium on waters free of peril’ quality . The emphasis on preparation saved the ship and all but one of its crew . By Colin Robertson We learn from the experience . Through incremental improvements, including a platform for the most advanced heavy- Mari usque ad Mare might be the meet the requirements of alliance interop- weight torpedo available anywhere, we are only Latin phrase that Canadians erability, we design and buy collectively developing a world-class technical niche . Aunderstand . ‘From sea to sea’ is and then tailor to specific requirements, Eventually we should aim to make the our national motto and it’s inscribed into as we plan to do with the F-35 . The new submarines operable under our Arctic ice . our coat of arms . Someday, we’ll have strike fighter is the aircraft of choice for This technical challenge is a reminder to add another ‘to sea’ as the Northwest most of the alliance, including the u .S . of the often forgotten fourth arm of our Passage becomes a commercial sea route and the UK, as well as the Israelis, who armed services — research and develop- through our Arctic waters . live in a dangerous neighbourhood and ment . It is supported by our defence in- Ours is the longest coastline in the put a premium on defence . dustrial sector that, if not forgotten, is not world — enough to circle the equator six Smart procurement also means buying always appreciated in terms of innovation times . Always a sea-trading or seafaring second-hand . We bought our first ships, and its contribution to our economic pros- nation, we have become a nation of trad- the Niobe and the Rainbow, from the Brit- perity . ers, with a record number of discussions ish and we continue this tradition with Our defence industries employ more underway to further trading opportunities our four Victoria-class submarines . Sub- than 90,000 people . We export about half with, for example, the European Union, marines are the navy’s special forces, proof what we manufacture as part of sup- China and India . The Seven Seas are viding additional flexibility in conducting ply chain dynamics that date back to the global highways for 80 percent of world covert surveillance of our maritime ap- Second World War . The coming years will commerce (valued at over $12 .5 trillion) proaches . As we learned during the Battle see major procurement projects ranging but they are also inherently lawless . of the Atlantic, their lethalness permits from satellites to ships and we now need Fortunately, first the Royal Navy and them to dominate all aspects of maritime develop a coherent industrial defence now the u .S . Navy have protected and po- operations . A submarine at sea changes strategy to match our forces strategy . liced the international sea lanes, although the calculations in an entire theatre of op- The world is a dangerous place . Seri- u .S . budgetary pressures now mean that erations . In this decade, it is estimated that ous nations prepare accordingly and, as allies have to do more . more than one hundred new boats will we learned long ago, Canadians do not As long-time beneficiaries and advo- be added to navies’ orders of battle . Most live in a ‘fire-proof’ house or in waters cates of collective security, we need to will be diesel-electric submarines like the free of peril . remind ourselves that collective security Victoria class . means a contribution commensurate with Later this year, the Victoria and Windsor Colin Robertson is a former Canadian our vast real estate and waterfront . All will slip into our waters and begin patrol diplomat and vice-president of the Cana- of which underlines the requirement for to defend Canadian sovereignty and con- dian Defence and Foreign Affairs Insti- a strong Canadian Forces —Army, Air tribute to collective security . Adapting our tute . He is an honorary captain (Naval) . Force, and, in the wake of its centenary last year, our Navy . Sustaining capacity is vital to sovereignty and this means both people and arms . Comparatively, we do defence on the cheap, spending a little over one percent of our GDP . The Americans, by contrast, spend about five percent and the British about two percent . We take justifiable pride in the quality of our contribution and the Canada First Defence Strategy combines both long-term planning and commitment to sustaining our forces . Planning for the next campaign is always difficult because threats change and can come from unexpected places . It puts a premium on having a diversity of tools

to deal with different situations . Always Co rp o ra l D any V ei ll ette, C anadian F rces controversial, because of the price tag, is HMCS Toronto does a sovereignty patrol in Frobisher Bay off the coast of Baffin Island during the purchase of new kit . Increasingly, to Operation NANOOK 09.

42 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN WHITHER CANADA|Di spatches

regulatory cooperation council and the beyond the borders working group are Canada and u .S . need welcome additions to making the border more efficient . In some ways, the accord picks up where the doomed trilateral Se- each other as partners curity and Prosperity Partnership left off but does so in a more focused manner that allows Canada and the United States to for peace move ahead at their own speed . By Alexander Moens and Alan Dowd Flexible Friendship Thanks to a positive interpersonal dy- namic between Mr . Harper and Mr . Obama, the u .S . and Canada have found he world has weathered profound common ground on Afghanistan . economic challenges since the sum- Mr . Harper was right to heed Wash- Tmer of 2008, challenges that could ington’s insistent call not to withdraw Ca- have fractured, or at least stunted, the all- nadian Forces from Afghanistan in 2011, important partnership between Canada as this would have had a corrosive effect and the United States . Yet almost three on the NATO-led mission and hampered years later, the Canadian-American rela- efforts to bolster the Afghan government, tionship remains strong, and it remains stabilize the country and check the Tali- Canada’s most important economic, ban . political and security bond in foreign Likewise, Mr . Obama was right not to affairs . As new challenges emerge in push Ottawa too far . To be sure, the u S. . North America and beyond, the world is would have welcomed an extension of reminding Washington of how important Canada’s significant contribution to com- Canada is to the United States . bat operations . However, Canada already has deployed some 2,800 troops, lost 154 Border Barriers in battle, and spent billions fighting the Two-way trade is lower as a result of Taliban . Going forward, Canada’s commit- depressed American demand and the ment of 950 troops to the NATO training high Canadian dollar . This problem is mission will strengthen Afghanistan’s most acute for Canada, since its share of security forces and thus contribute to Af- trade with the United States accounts for ghanistan’s long-term stability . 65-to-70 percent of its total trade, and its The same mix of flexibility and under- trade with countries other than the United standing will serve Mr . Harper and Mr . States puts it in a trade-deficit position . Obama well in their dialogue over energy The chief obstacles to growing bilateral and the environment . trade, besides currency values and u S. . As the climate-change debate moder- demand, are relatively low productivity ates, Mr . Harper must resist the call by en-

gains in Canada, high costs of crossing the ist o ck vironmental groups to impose unilateral border, and protectionist policies in vari- regulations; Mr . Obama must resist those An aerial view of the car-packed Niagara ous sectors in both countries . Falls border crossing between Canada and who think exacting economic costs on this Two of these fall under what might the U.S. file are warranted; and both must appreci- be called “border-barrier issues .” After a ate the political realities of the other . shaky start, Prime Minister Harper and pand between our two countries — and Hopefully, Parliament and Congress President Obama have worked together eventually Mexico — in order to compete can recognize the benefits of selected in- to identify and tackle such issues . For ex- globally with large emerging economies centives and innovation rather than puni- ample, the two leaders negotiated a partial such as China and India, and with other tive measures . The rising price of crude remedy to the “Buy-American” language regional trading blocs . oil will do more for energy diversification included in the so-called stimulus legisla- Spill-over of this integrated manu- than arbitrary carbon dioxide caps . tion passed by Congress . facturing into new sectors will have a If Mr . Harper and Mr . Obama make They also recognized the negative ef- positive impact on the other obstacle to progress on border barriers, a move to fect security and regulatory measures can expanding bilateral trade: Canadian pro- coordinate energy policy would be a logi- have on trade . As key sectors begin to ductivity . cal next step, as the Canadian-American recover — the “domestic” auto sector, for The “beyond the border” accord an- oil, gas, and electricity sectors are the most instance — it is urgent to lower regulatory nounced in February 2011 contains several deeply integrated bilateral energy sectors and security barriers at the common bor- good ideas, including pushing certain in the world . There is an opportunity for der so that the long-developed integrated security checks outward to our common the energy sectors to grow in hydroelec- supply chain in manufacturing can grow perimeter and harmonizing biometrics tric, unconventional gas, conventional again . This mode of production must ex- and other identification data . Both the crude oil, and crude oil from the oil sands .

diplomat and international canada 43 Di spatches|WHITHER CANADA

Arctic Allies That brings us to the looming competition for energy resources in the Arctic . The Canada can't abandon Arctic may hold 1,670 trillion cubic feet of natural gas and 90 billion barrels of oil . Although Russian Prime Minister Vlad- its international role imir Putin recently expressed his desire “to keep the Arctic as a zone of peace and By Joseph K. Ingram and Hany Besada cooperation,” actions speak louder than words . In 2009, Moscow announced plans to build a string of military bases along Russia’s northern tier . In 2008, a Russian general revealed plans to train “troops that could be engaged in Arctic combat missions .” And in 2007, a team of Russians said “The Arctic is ours .” Russia’s outsized Arctic claims — made in a brazen military context — have led to a renewed recognition of the importance of Canada-u .S . security and energy ties . Together, the partners are mapping the continental shelf to ensure that the Arctic’s resources are justly distributed . This is a good sign . Canada and the u .S . should view their chunks of the Arctic as a shared resource and responsibility, similar to how both nations view the Great Lakes . Yet, in order to fend off Russian en- croachment, they need to invest in Arctic capabilities . Budgetary constraints have scuttled Canadian plans to do this . And the fact that the u .S . has only three polar C amera Frank Hu dec, C anadian F o rces Co m b at Sg t. icebreakers speaks volumes about Ameri- Sgt. Mike Friar, right, and Master Cpl. Stuart Russelle, of the Canadian Forces (CF) Disaster ca’s current Arctic capabilities . Russia, by Assistance Response Team, carry an earthquake-injured boy airlifted by helicopter in Garhi comparison, can deploy 20 icebreakers . Dopatta, Pakistan. Given Moscow’s actions, it’s only prudent for Canadians and Americans to think about the Arctic in a security con- evelopment matters for a number re-assert American leadership over inter- text . They’re not alone . NATO officials of reasons, not least the moral national development . It also indicated call the Arctic an area “of strategic interest Dimperative of inequality and in- to America’s allies — Canada included — to the alliance .” Denmark joined Canada justice . But recent events in North Africa that international development should be and the u .S . for Arctic military maneuvers and the Middle East emphasize that de- a central objective of foreign policy with last August . This followed Norwegian- velopment matters too because power is effective use of aid as a principal instru- led exercises in the Arctic and Denmark’s becoming more diffuse, less localized in ment . announcement that it’s creating an Arctic dominant political, social, and economic Clearly a defining lesson has emerged military command . elites . Dissatisfied populations can no lon- from the startling events in the region, at Taking a defensive posture need not ger be ignored and contained indefinitely . least for the u S. . administration and many undermine genuine efforts by all Arctic Not only have these events triggered of its European allies . We failed to foresee nations to find peaceful, negotiated solu- a potential paradigm shift in the nature that two of the West’s more stable and tions to dividing the Arctic’s resources and quality of governance in the two re- reliable allies were on the verge of revolu- equitably . In fact, such a united front gions, but they have prompted the u .S ., tion . This points to a failure of assistance could, paradoxically, keep the peace . As the world’s biggest international donor, to programs primarily geared to meeting Churchill once said of his Russian coun- re-examine how it conducts foreign policy security concerns and propping up unre- terparts, “There is nothing they admire so in developing countries, a move that will sponsive regimes . much as strength .” likely draw other donor nations along The result was an uprising led initially In the Arctic and beyond, Canada and with it . by mostly young, angry people frustrated the United States need each other — and u .S . Secretary of State Hillary Clinton by the absence of economic opportunities, the world needs them to work together to initiated the shift with the unprecedented political freedom and pervasive corrup- keep the peace and promote prosperity . meeting of the United States’ 300 ambas- tion . There was an absence of broad-based sadors in the first days of the Egyptian development in those two countries suf- Alexander Moens and Alan Dowd are senior “revolution .” Clinton’s “diplomacy and ficient to meet the growing expectations of fellows with the Fraser Institute. development review” signalled a will to their populations .

44 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN WHITHER CANADA|Di spatches

And it hasn’t stopped with Egypt and marginalized peoples (most of which to- Tunisia . The phenomena of social me- day live in middle-income countries)? Or, dia have empowered aggrieved people rather, should they focus on the poorest throughout the region, but have also countries with the lowest incomes, larg- triggered chaos . This type of unmanaged est income disparities, and the weakest transformation could threaten the imme- capacities? Second, which policy instru- diate interests of global stability, and of ments should be favoured in the targeted economic growth . It could also contribute country groupings — aid, trade, military to growing regional and global threats support — and in what proportions? And from extremism and weaken other gov- third, should the instruments be giving ernments in the region . equal importance to accelerated economic But the recent events do point to a way growth and to patterns of growth includ- forward for the West, of making effective ing support to social services, or to tar- economic and social development a cen- geted industrial or sector policies? tral objective of foreign policy and doing But whatever the modalities, Canada it through a more strategic use of official could take the lead in helping to draft development assistance (ODA), trade and this new approach to development coop- investment, security and defence support eration . This would certainly be consistent and international diplomacy — all key with its current development priorities, instruments of foreign policy . namely aid effectiveness, food security, To the extent that Canada has an inter- and promotion of democracy . Such an est in global stability, reduced threats to approach could demonstrate how foreign our national interests, and sustainable assistance — used strategically with trade global development, it needs to do like- and investment, security and defence sup- wise . port and skilled diplomacy — can serve as Statistics from the World Bank and the an effective tool of foreign policy . United Nations Development Programme Such a rethink, resulting in aid focused show that globally, the total number of primarily on the poorest and most un-

people living in abject poverty (less than U N ph o t equal countries, would enable Canada to US$1 .25 per day) has decreased by nearly Women in Burkina Faso prepare the ground reassert its commitment to Africa . Such 500 million to under 900 million in 2010 — by pounding it and terracing it to control efforts would also curb the prospects of down from 1 .3 billion in 2005 . A further erosion and to catch the water when the regional instability with possible global 300 million could be lifted out of poverty rains finally come. consequences while improving the lives of by 2015 . some of the globe’s poorest populations . These trends also show that only 25 As Liberia’s President Ellen Johnson- percent of the world’s poorest people have widened, and where the numbers Sirleaf has said with reference to ensur- live in low-income countries, down from of absolute poor continue to grow, and ing stability in fragile states: “…those 72 percent in 1990, a figure which then whose political institutions are relatively who argue that aid has failed, or that aid included China and India . Today the weak and undeveloped . Specifically, this was somehow the cause of sub-Saharan vast majority live in middle-income includes Africa, parts of south and central Africa’s collapse, have it wrong . Their countries — mainly in China and India — Asia, and the Middle East . In fact, World arguments are at least a decade out of which have strengthened their economies Bank studies suggest that Africa’s share date . They fail to see the transformational and reduced their total number of poor, of global poverty is expected to double changes that are underway and the sup- and countries which have now become by 2015 . porting role that foreign assistance has aid donors . They rely much more on trade We therefore need to urgently ‘rethink’ played .…Without this international sup- and commercial ties, as has Canada of late, Canada’s international development pol- port, Liberia would not have made nearly in their conduct of foreign policy . icy, including our policies on development as much progress and might even have The story is much the same for most of cooperation, aid allocation frameworks, plunged back into conflict .” Latin America, where our foreign policy and beyond-aid strategies . Wise words for Canada and its allies to has largely worked for us and for our Hopefully, the November 2011 meeting ponder as they grapple with the foreign South American partners, in its emphasis in Korea of the “high-level forum on aid policy implications of what has happened on trade and commercial flows . As is the and development effectiveness,” will pro- in North Africa and the Middle East and case with China and India, the need for vide an opportunity for Canada to play an what instruments of policy should be de- Canadian official development assistance important leadership role and build upon ployed, where, and in what combinations . to Latin America is declining, although its legacy as a world leader in interna- significant challenges remain . tional development . Joseph K . Ingram is president of The The threat to global stability and se- Should Canada choose to make inter- North-South Institute (NSI), an Ottawa- curity, (including Canada’s), from Latin national development a defining foreign based non-profit organization that American organized crime and drug car- policy challenge, it needs to address three researches international development tels, is arguably of a lesser order . The more fundamental issues . issues . Hany Besada is senior researcher significant threats are coming increasingly First, should Canada’s development ef- and head of the development coopera- from those countries where income gaps forts focus more on the poorest and most tion program at NSi .

diplomat and international canada 45 Di spatches|the border Let the ‘perimeter’ include Mexico By Andrés Rozental

n Sept . 21, 2001, just 10 days after a rather negative assessment of the se- the attacks by Al Qaeda on the curity situation at the Canadian border, OUnited States, Mexico’s Foreign saying that only 32 miles (51 .5 kilometres) Minister, Jorge Castañeda, and I, at the of its nearly 4,000-mile (6,437-kilometre) time a special envoy for then-president length can be considered “secure .” Going Vicente Fox, met at the Mexican Embassy even further, the GAO maintains “…(that) in Washington with John Manley, then although historically the United States has

Canada’s foreign minister, together with ist o ck focused attention and resources primarily our two ambassadors in Washington . The on the u .S . border with Mexico, the terror- meeting was arranged at Mexico’s request Even if Canada believes its border with the ist threat on the northern border is higher, U.S. is different from Mexico’s, pictured in order to discuss the aftermath of 9/11, given the large expanse of area with lim- here, Mexico thinks the two countries must the negative effects that it had produced work together. ited law-enforcement coverage .” on both our countries and to begin to In this context, the fact that Canada discuss ways in which both Canada and and the u .S . are negotiating a security and Mexico could cooperate with our com- don’t allow it, etc . Despite our efforts to trade deal that would establish a security mon neighbour to prevent our territories persuade the Canadians that the post-9/11 perimeter as a means to better secure being used by terrorists to threaten the scenario was an excellent opportunity for North America and stimulate trade should United States . One of the key objectives both of us to approach the u .S . with posi- be welcome news for all three countries, was to also find ways to ensure that the tive, constructive proposals to enhance the although any such agreement will be in- free flow of goods within North America sub-region’s security — and hence help complete and dysfunctional unless Mexico would continue in the event of any fu- our neighbour with its own homeland is included . If both nations (Canada and ture incident such as the one that led the security issues — Mr . Manley and his col- the u .S .) “…intend to pursue a perimeter United States to virtually close its land leagues remained unconvinced and the approach to security, working together borders with Canada and Mexico during meeting ended with a resounding Cana- within, at, and away from the borders in a the days immediately following 9/11 . dian “non” to any bilateral cooperation on way that supports economic competitive- At the meeting, Mr . Castañeda pro- a trilateral “smart border” agreement with ness, job creation and prosperity, and in posed that both governments consider the u .S ., or indeed to any joint approach a partnership to enhance security and ac- presenting the [George W .] Bush Admin- to the Bush Administration . celerate the legitimate flow of people and istration with a proposal to create a North This background is useful to remember goods… .” there is no reason why Mexico American security perimeter as a way of at a time when the Harper government should not be included in the negotiations . protecting all of North America against exis now seeking to negotiate a bilateral Without the third North American part- ternal threats and ensuring that our points security perimeter with the United States, ner, none of these objectives can succeed of entry from third countries, whether evidently after finally being convinced in covering the entire region’s security airports, seaports or land borders, could that all efforts to distinguish the u .S .- needs, nor the billions of dollars of trade function as a single sub-region within the Canadian border from the u .S .-Mexican among the three NAFTA economies, nor northern part of the hemisphere . In return, one have failed . (Canadians bristled at the will it lead to the much-desired “thinning” the Americans would ease up on controls statement by Homeland Security Secretary of the two land borders, or even facilitate at the two land borders, thereby reducing Janet Napolitano in March 2009 when she the movement of people within North congestion and increasing the flow of two- said, “One of the things that we need to be America . way trade . sensitive to is the very real feelings among It would make a lot more sense for Much to our surprise, the Canadian of- southern border states and in Mexico that the Harper government to insist to the ficials at the time rejected the notion out if things are being done on the Mexican United States that Mexico be brought on of hand . The reasons were similar to those border, they should also be done on the board and that all three NAFTA countries Mexico has heard from successive govern- Canadian border . We shouldn’t go light together negotiate a trilateral perimeter ments in Ottawa over the years: i .e . the on one and heavy on the other . This is one security deal . This would bring to fruition u .S .-Canada relationship is “special”; we NAFTA, one area, one continent, and there the proposal made by Mexico’s foreign don’t want to contaminate this “special” should be parity there .”) minister almost a decade ago and would relationship with difficult Mexican-u .S . is- Even if Canadians strongly insist that have a better chance at impacting the way sues such as migration, drugs, etc; we are their border with the United States is all three countries address the land border both members of NATO and NORAD and different from Mexico’s, our neighbour issues between us . hence have existing mechanisms in place doesn’t share this belief . Further proof of to cooperate militarily, while Mexico’s mil- this has recently come from the General Andrés Rozental was a career diplomat itary ties with Washington are non-exis- Accountability Office (GAO) of the u .S . in Mexico and is now a senior fellow at tent; Canadian sovereignty considerations Congress which just last month published the Brookings Institution .

46 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN the border|Di spatches Canada-u .S . border: Risk v . reward

Excerpted remarks from a joint meeting sure we act in a sovereign way that between Prime Minister Stephen Harper serves Canada’s interests . It is in and U.S. President Barack Obama on bor- Canada’s interests to work with our der problems and solutions, Washington partners in the United States to en- D.C., Feb. 4, 2011. sure that our borders are secure and ensure that we can trade and travel President Obama: First, we agreed across them as safely and as openly to a new vision for managing our as possible within the context of our shared responsibilities — not just at different laws . the border but “beyond the border .” That means working more closely to U.S. analysis finds border improve border security with better largely insecure screening, new technologies and information-sharing among law enforce- Excerpts from: Border Security:

ment, as well as identifying threats PM O Enhanced DHS [Department of early . Homeland Security] Oversight and It also means finding new ways to assessment of interagency coordination improve the free flow of goods and peo- Prime Minister Stephen Harper and U.S. Presi- is needed for the northern border. The U.S. ple . Because with over a billion dollars in dent Barack Obama met in February to discuss Government Accountability Office, released border issues. trade crossing the border every single day, its analysis in December, 2010. smarter border management is key to our competitiveness, our job creation, and my threat to Canada — to our trade, to our u .S . Border Patrol reported that [only] 32 goal of doubling u .S . exports . interests, to our values, to our common miles (51 5. kilometres) of the nearly 4,000 civilization . Canada has no friends among northern border miles (6,437 kilometres) in Prime Minister Harper: In an age of ex- America’s enemies, and America has no fiscal year 2010 had reached an acceptable panding opportunities but also of grave better friend than Canada . level of security and that there is a high dangers, we share fundamental interests The declaration President Obama and reliance on law enforcement support from and values just as we face common chal- I are issuing today commits our govern- outside the border zone . lenges and threats . ments to find new ways to exclude ter- The Department of Homeland Security Not only is the u S. . Canada’s major rorists and criminals who pose a threat to (DHS) has been challenged in its efforts export market, Canada is also America’s our peoples . It also commits us to finding to address the threat of illegal activity on largest export market — larger than ways to eliminate regulatory barriers to the northern border, where the extent of China, larger than Mexico, larger than cross-border trade and travel, because illegal activity is unknown, but the risk of Japan, larger than all the countries of the simpler rules lead to lower costs for busi- terrorist activity is high . European Union combined . Eight million ness and consumers, and ultimately to The United States and Canada share jobs in the United States are supported more jobs . the longest common non-militarized bor- by your trade with Canada . And Canada Shared information, joint planning, der between two countries, a land and is the largest, the most secure, the most compatible procedures and inspection maritime border from Washington State stable, and the friendliest supplier of that technology will all be key tools . They to Maine . most vital of all America’s purchases — make possible the effective risk manage- The terrain, which ranges from densely energy . ment that will allow us to accelerate legiti- forested lands on the west and east It is in both our interests to ensure that mate flows of people and goods between coasts to open plains in the middle of the our common border remains open and our countries while strengthening our country, is composed of both urban and efficient, but it is just as critical that it re- physical security and economic competi- sparsely populated lands with limited mains secure and in the hands of the vigi- tiveness . federal, state, and local law enforcement lant and the dedicated . Just as we must So we commit to expanding our man- presence along the border . continually work to ensure that inertia agement of the border to the concept of a Historically, the United States has fo- and bureaucratic sclerosis do not impair North American perimeter, not to replace cused attention and resources primarily the legitimate flow of people, goods and or eliminate the border but, where pos- on the u .S . border with Mexico, which services across our border, so, too, we sible, to streamline and decongest it . continues to experience significantly must up our game to counter those seek- This declaration is not about sover- higher levels of drug trafficking and il- ing new ways to harm us . eignty . We are sovereign countries who legal immigration than the u .S .-Canadian And I say “us” because as I have said have the capacity to act as we choose to border . before, a threat to the United States is a act . The question that faces us is to make However, DHS reports that the terror-

diplomat and international canada 47 Di spatches|the border

ist threat on the northern border is higher, were approximately 1 .3 percent of appre- that limited coordination [among u .S . given the large expanse of area with lim- hensions along the southwest border, and departments with border responsibilities] ited law enforcement coverage . pounds of illegal narcotics seized along contributed to border security vulner- There is also a great deal of trade and the northern border were about 1 .6 per- abilities . [Other reports’ detailed lack of] travel across this border, and while le- cent of pounds seized along the southwest coordination of drug law enforcement gal trade is predominant, DHS reports border . efforts and . . shortfalls in information networks of illicit criminal activity and We selected Border Patrol’s Blaine, sharing and operational coordination that smuggling of drugs, currency, people, and Spokane, Detroit, and Swanton sectors have led to competition, interference and weapons between the two countries . to visit as they comprise a mix of differ- operational inflexibility . DHS reported spending nearly $3 ences along the northern border regarding Customs and Border Protection also billion in its efforts to interdict and in- geography (western, central, and eastern does not have the ability to detect illegal vestigate illegal northern border activity border areas), threats (terrorism, drug activity across most of the northern bor- in fiscal year 2010, annually making ap- smuggling, and illegal migration), and der . . because most areas of the northern proximately 6,000 arrests and interdicting threat environment (air, marine, land) . border are remote and inaccessible by approximately 40,000 pounds (18,200 kilo- We conducted interviews with federal, traditional patrol methods . grams) of illegal drugs at and between the state, local, tribal, and Canadian officials The number of miles under control is northern border ports of entry . relevant to these Border Patrol sectors expected to increase as Border Patrol con- For example, DHS data show that in [during the December 2009-December tinues to put in place additional resources fiscal year 2009, apprehensions of inad- 2010 audit] . based on risk, threat potential, and opera- missible aliens along the northern border The 9/11 Commission had determined tional need . D

48 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN GOVERNING|Di spatches A Canadian Nobel? Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and beyond

By Andrew Irvine AP P h o t / A mr N a b i l

An Egyptian soldier, right, watches thousands gather at Tahrir Square, the focal point of the Egyptian uprising.

t would be a mistake to think that the sponsored the resolution that created the During the 21st Century, citizens hard part is over . In Egypt, a tyrant first UN peacekeeping force: the United around the world have a similar opportu- Ihas been replaced, not by an orderly Nations Emergency Force . The force nity to create new international institutions constitutional succession, but by a new helped diffuse animosities and resulted in capable of assisting emerging democratic military dictatorship . The country’s con- a peaceful resolution to the growing crisis . states during times of transition . stitution has been suspended and its A year later, in 1957, Pearson was awarded Democracy requires much more than parliament has been dissolved . Without the Nobel Peace Prize . just free and fair elections . Successful, continued pressure from Egypt’s citizens, long-term democracy requires the recog- there is little guarantee that free and fair nition of free-speech and free-association elections will be held in a timely way . rights for all of a country’s citizens . Even so, recent events in Tunisia, It requires the effective separation of Egypt, Libya and elsewhere present the church and state and, within civil govern- West with an important opportunity . ment, the effective separation of powers . During the 20th Century, Canada led It requires a wide range of legal and due- the world in inventing effective, interna- process rights, adherence to the rule of tional mechanisms for modern, wide-scale law, the end of wide-scale corruption, and peacekeeping . Lester Pearson, who would the existence of resilient, national institu- later become Canada’s 14th prime min- tions capable of instituting and defending ister, led Canada’s delegation to the UN all of the above . from 1946 to 1956 and was elected presi- Yet today, the United Nations no lon- dent of the seventh session of the general ger involves itself even in direct election assembly in 1952-1953 . monitoring, leaving such work to be done During the Suez Crisis of 1956, when by a variety of municipal bodies and non- British, French and Israeli armies entered Lester B. Pearson, Canada’s 14th prime minis- governmental organizations . Egyptian territory, Pearson proposed and ter, helped create the first peacekeeping force. In contrast, imagine what could be

diplomat and international canada 49 Di spatches|GOVERNING

achieved if, upon request by a transi- Measured transition towards full con- tioning nation, an international team of stitutional democracy may be a welcome experts was available to assist and advise third option, at least in some parts of the both newly formed and long-established Middle East, just as it was in parts of East- governments on everything from election ern Europe during the 1990s . preparation and police training to consti- Governments in countries with long- tutionalism and the rule of law, as well as standing western connections, such as to assist with election monitoring . Jordan and Bahrain, may see democratic Such teams could be composed of change as inevitable and so may be experts from many of the world’s democ- ready to begin the transition to full con- racies, including Canada, India, South stitutional democracy even before it is Africa, Indonesia, France, Denmark and demanded by their citizens . Other coun- Australia . Like peacekeepers, they could tries, such as Saudi Arabia, may believe remain in place for months or even years, that there is no immediate threat of revo- in an advisory capacity, if requested to do lution, but still want to establish gradual, so by a host nation or its citizens . long-term plans for educating their Unlike simple election monitoring citizens, for separating civil and religious which focuses on just one aspect of the law, and for re-inventing key government democratic process, such teams could as- institutions . sist political parties, independent media In yet other countries, including Egypt outlets, members of the judiciary and ordi- C amera, p l . Jax K ennedy Co m b at and Tunisia, incoming governments nary citizens alike as they prepare for life may be eager to develop made-at-home in a new democracy . institutions, but still welcome strength- Unlike military efforts to introduce a ened connections with the international Pax Americana, such a process would leave community . Even more authoritarian all key decisions in the hands of the host governments may remain skeptical about nation . Transitional teams would remain adopting western-style democratic institu- in place only so long as progress towards tions, but still realize that the best chance democracy was being made . for their nations’ long-term stability comes Recently, a number of key countries, by acting proactively and by engaging including Egypt, have taken an essential their citizens in informed discussions first step on the road to democracy . But the about democratic alternatives to current desire for democracy, as important as it is, government structures . is never by itself enough to ensure success . Regardless of a nation’s motives, it is Canada already has an enviable record important to remember that democracy of assisting emerging democracies . For is not just a western phenomenon . Of the more than 20 years, the International world’s four largest democracies, three lie Peace Operations Branch of the RCMP outside North America and Western Eu- has helped nations around the world as rope, and although Brazil has the world’s they have worked to establish, rebuild and largest Catholic population, India is over strengthen civilian police forces . 80 percent Hindu and Indonesia is over Projects such as the Elections and Reg- 80 percent Muslim . In each case, design- istration in Afghanistan Project, and the C amera Co m b at ing institutions that are capable of being International Mission for Monitoring Hai- At top, Sandra McCardell, Canada’s ambas- responsive to a country’s citizens while at tian Elections, which have been funded sador to Libya, talks with Canadians evacu- the same time respecting minority rights through the Canadian International De- ated from Libya at the Malta International has been an important undertaking . velopment Agency and Elections Canada, Airport. Below, some 46 Canadian and for- Just as for over half a century, UN have been of genuine assistance . eign nationals evacuated from Libya deplane peacekeeping has been the main mecha- Since 1990, the Canadian Bar Asso- in Malta. nism that has assisted in the creation of ciation has helped dozens of developing conditions for lasting peace, international countries as they have struggled with is- mechanisms, not dissimilar to those for democratic transition teams could assist sues relating to legal reform and capacity peacekeeping, but intended to assist tran- in the creation of conditions for lasting de- building . Other NGOs, including Lawyers sitional governments as they move toward mocracies throughout Africa, the Middle Rights Watch Canada, have focused their democracy, sharing with them the many East, the Far East and Latin America . attention on international violations of the lessons learned by similar nations in simi- Which political leader will be visionary rule of law, assisting lawyers and judges lar circumstances . enough to lead the way? in countries around the world who have As change begins to sweep through parts been subjected to government intimida- of Africa and the Middle East, governments Andrew Irvine is a professor of philoso- tion and other forms of repression . and ordinary citizens alike will no doubt phy at the University of British Colum- With such experience, Canada is in be looking for alternatives to the two tradi- bia, a Canadian Commonwealth Fellow, an ideal position to lead the global com- tional responses to a citizenry’s demand for a UBC Killam Fellow and a past vice- munity in establishing new international change: revolution and repression . chair of the UBC board of governors .

50 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN BOOKS|DELIGHTS

The razings and resurrections of Paris

george fetherling

ondon, New York and Paris have bookshops devoted entirely to the Lenormous number of books, old and new, about their respective cities . Many years ago, I came upon one in Paris by chance but was never able to locate it a second time . Of course, many things are difficult to find in that wonderful maze of a city — often because they have simply disappeared . Three especially important new works about Paris and the Parisians leave us with hints at why this should be the case . When we visualize Paris, we filter out the highrises, expressways and dreary suburbs . What we see in our mind’s eye is a vast flat expanse of glorious 19th- century architecture both domestic and official, dotted here and there with such signature statements as the Tour Eiffel or, from an earlier century of course, Notre- Dame . Graham Robb is a young writer on French subjects, the author of biographies of Honoré de Balzac, Victor Hugo and Arthur Rimbaud . In popular and critical terms, his most successful book was The Discovery of France, an erudite but highly personalised travel narrative that goes in search of the story of how the French nation-state came into being . His new one, Parisians: An Adventure History of Paris (Penguin Books Canada, $36), is not simply one that employs the same technique R a lf Rol etschek while narrowing the geographical focus . Graham Robb’s new book Parisians: An Adventure History of Paris, shows how the city has It’s one, rather, that uses the tools of both been razed and resurrected, in an endless cycle. the historian and the novelist to show how Paris, somewhat like any number of big seemed to have been written by highly argue with waiters, and the gallantry of North American cities, has been razed and educated people with serious political staring at beautiful strangers .” resurrected, in an endless cycle . opinions .” On subsequent visits, Parisians In long interlocking chapters (one of Mr . Robb first saw Paris during a friends showed him “places I was never them written in the form of a screenplay, week’s holiday from his studies in Brit- able to find again on my own and they another in imitation of a university exam) ain, stumbling on the humble cottage shared a certain Parisian art de vivre: sit- he revisits a number of individuals who “where Balzac had hidden from his credi- ting in traffic jams as a form of flânerie kept transforming Paris until it became tors to write La Comédie Humaine .” He [idle strolling], parking illegally as a de- what it is today . By no means the strang- found, as well, “medieval streets that had fence of personal liberty [ . . ] They taught est of these strange figures is Charles-Axel been paved with sand” and “graffiti that me the tricky etiquette of pretending to Guillamont who “died two hundred years

diplomat and international canada 51 DELIGHTS|BOOKS

ago . It is almost as long since he when they use the phrase “inside was mentioned in any history of the Beltway”) . Paris .” In an era when there were The French, as we know, enjoy only a few crude maps of Paris be- naming streets after the sort of per- cause most residents seldom if ever sonages who enjoy having streets left their own quartier, Guillamont named after them . (In one of her mapped not the surface streets but satirical short stories, the Canadian rather the tunnels, sewers and dry writer Mavis Gallant creates one riverbeds beneath them, revealing called “the charming Rue du Den- 2,000 years of the city’s history . tiste Fernand Ladrerie .”) Paris even The early Parisians’ reluctance has a street named after the man to venture far afield — or perhaps who became, in time, perhaps its the lack of necessity to do so — is a most despised resident . The street recurring message in the book . The is Boulevard Haussmann (Marcel author describes Marie Antoinette Proust lived and wrote at No . 102) . getting lost while trying to escape The man was Georges-Eugène the Revolutionary mob because Haussmann (1809−91), a bureau- none of her entourage knew the cratic martinet of an urban planner route . In fact, during the Revolution who did for Paris in the 1850s what many aristocrats making their final Robert Moses did for New York earthly journeys in the tumbrels in the 1950s: callously tore down discovered, after travelling only much of it and rebuilt it in his own two miles from the place of confine- egomaniacal self-image . ment, that once they climbed the M . Haussmann was a Paris-born wooden steps to the guillotine they “knew Marie Antoinette got lost while trying to es- Alsatian given to extremes of pomposity for the first time in their lives exactly cape a Revolutionary mob because no one in (he finally began calling himself Baron where they were, and how they had got her entourage knew the route. Haussmann) . He was also highly skilled there .” at receiving civil service promotions . The second of the significant new books centre could not be taxed as highly as the Napoleon III commissioned him to im- on the constant regeneration of Paris is others . So, in the 1780s, a so-called tax prove the physical city . Haussmann built The Invention of Paris: A History in Footsteps wall was erected well beyond the previ- new parks (while destroying others) and (Penguin, $37 .50) by Eric Hazan (“new” at ous demarcation line in order to increase modernised the water and sewage sys- least in this English translation by David revenues . The result was populist outrage tems . Until brought down by a financial Fernbach, for it was first published in that became another factor leading to the scandal, he also decimated whatever French in 2002) . M . Hazan takes a much French Revolution . Other growth-rings remained of medieval Paris with its nar- more political view of things than Mr . in the tree of Paris followed, especially in row winding streets and devastated large Robb does . He devotes much attention to the 1840s when new defensive walls were stable neighbourhoods with ever grander the periods of war and violent civil unrest completed (only to fall to development boulevards, struggling against history to that have punctuated Parisian history: the beginning in the 1920s) . make a city of straight lines and far less events of, for example, 1830, 1832, 1848 One could go on and on about this, visual diversity . (when revolution broke out all over west- but it is enough to say that the subject M . Hazan and Mr . Robb may not agree ern Europe) and, of course 1871 (the Paris seemed to snap shut in 1973, during the on a great deal . The former is a prominent Commune, which followed the Franco- presidency of Georges Pompidou, with figure on the far left; the latter seems a Prussian War) — and so on, down to the completion of the Boulevard Périphéri- moderate fellow . But they both find them- student revolt and general strike of 1968 . que (commonly called le Périph), which selves despising Baron Haussmann, as M . Hazan, more of a theorist than gave citizens a new topic for incessant nearly everyone seemed to do until just re- the literary Mr . Robb, tends to view the griping . As Mr . Robb puts it, “Paris was cently, according to a third important new story in terms of military and admin- surrounded by a continuous murmur, a book on Paris . Stephen Scobie is a well istrative history . Paris was a medieval whispering wall of tyres and tarmac, a known figure in Canadian literary circles city, surrounded with city walls to keep caterwauling of combustion engines .” and his book The Measure of Paris (Uni- out successive waves of barbarians, real The Périph was, in effect a super-duper versity of Alberta Press, $22 .95 paper) is and imagined . Once outgrown, the walls ring road, a gigantic metaphorical moat clearly from the hand of a poet and critic . were razed . Their outline, however, re- in which traffic congestion swirled round In fact, it sometimes breaks into verse . It is mained visible . In the 1670s, Louis XIV and round the city, as though caught in an the work of a geographical outsider who surrounded the city with a boulevard eddy . Numerous cities have fallen for the has come to know the place deeply over that followed the same path . This became ring road idea, despite the fact that ring the years, and who is generous with his a wall of a different kind, with wealth roads do little to alleviate traffic inside wide reading and shrewd personal obser- and government on the inside, others their boundaries . There’s the ring road in vation . On the subject of M . Haussmann on the outside . Barely a century later, it Addis Ababa, the ring road in Antwerp — he is worth quoting at some length . became apparent that the scheme had and so on, all the way down the alphabet Early on he writes: “Until recently, no backfired, because the people whom the to Washington, D .C . (where the ring road one much liked Haussmann . No matter wall excluded from the rich life of the is what American pundits are referring to that he created, almost single-handedly,

52 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN BOOKS|DELIGHTS

(Greystone Books, $22 .95 paper) by Deir- dre Kelly, late of the Globe and Mail, recalls eight successive trips to Paris that, taken together, led to her maturity . Buying a Piece of Paris by Ellie Nielsen (H .B . Fenn, $17 .99 paper) cheerfully details the realisation of the author’s dream to find, as the subtitle says, “the home of my dreams in the city of lights .” Harriet Welty Rochfort’s French Toast: A Memoir — An American in Paris Cel- ebrates the Maddening Mysteries of the French (H .B . Fenn, $16 .99 paper) is another instance of a book whose title leaves nothing more to be said . Most curious of all is Paris: Women & Bicycles, a large format book of contemporary photographs by Gil Garcetti (Raincoast Books, $25 paper) . The premise is simply this: women, young and old, on The French revolution: The Paris Commune storming the Tuileries Palace in 1792. bicycles — in Paris . I can’t explain why it’s so fascinating but it is . the ‘look’ of Paris — tree-lined boulevards, lish as the global lingua franca, for what star-shaped intersections, uniform five- he sees as the deterioration of French DIPLOMATS ON DIPLOMACY storey buildings with mansard attics — supremacy in literature, music and visual Paul Heinbecker, a former career diplomat that most twentieth-century visitors have art . He has now expanded his text without and one-time chief foreign policy adviser identified as the essence of the city . Hauss- altering his views very much . M . Compa- to Brian Mulroney, uses a point midway mann was cast, always, as the major vil- gnon, a French colleague, chirps in with through his book Getting Back in the Game: lain of ‘Paris perdu’ scenarios .” Mr . Scobie a counterpoint essay that says we’ve all A Foreign Policy Playbook for Canada (H .B . quotes a few of the more damning critics . heard these arguments many times before . Fenn, $34 .95) to make a most cogent The seminal intellectual journalist Walter Of course, there’s no reason to ig- summary of his ideas about the future of Benjamin thought Haussmann “the artist nore less serious writings about Paris . Canada’s foreign affairs . What we need to of demolition .” Another prominent com- Some are quite arresting . Paris Times Eight do, he says, is “first, get our own house in mentator warned readers to “never forget that he was one of the most obnoxious of recorded beings… .” Even some of the soi- disant baron’s own friends “were forced to admit that Haussmann was a brute — heavy of eye and tread, stiff, coarse, demanding, humourless, and vain .” But then Mr . Scobie goes on to say that more recently “there has been somewhat of a revisionist tendency, and a more positive view of Haussmann may be emerging [among people, writers especially, who] perceive a genuine vision in Haussmann’s reconstructions .” It may be simply that M . Haussmann replaced not only the medieval city itself but also the idea of the feu- dal city, dirty and disorganised, with one planned to accommodate and encourage modernity or at least be organised around the idea of efficiency . Whether that was good or bad is still open to debate . Other serious new works about Paris include And the Show Went On: Cultural Life in Nazi-Occupied Paris by Alan Rid- ing (Random House of Canada, $44 .99) and The Death of French Culture by Donald Morrison and Antoine Compagnon (John Wiley & Sons, $70) . The latter book grew out of an article in Time magazine by Mr . Morrison, blaming French government subsidies, not to mention the rise of Eng-

diplomat and international canada 53 DELIGHTS|BOOKS

Heinbecker $34.95 “Getting Back in the Game crystallizes Paul Heinbecker’s impressive experience analysis at the active centre of Canadian foreign policy for more than thirty years. His book is informed, fluent, often blunt, and both A comPelling vision For the neth Burke Chair of Rhetoric at a graduate realistic and optimistic about a Canada which can matter in the world, and FUtUre oF cAnAdiAn Foreign a United Nations that is ‘innovative, effective and important.’” Policy, From one oF cAnAdA’s —The Rt. Hon. Joe Clark, scholar, statesman, former Prime Minister Foremost diPlomAts school in Switzerland . Her book Inessential of Canada, and Secretary of State for External Affairs 1983–91 GettinG Back Has Canada lost its place in the world? Are we des- “Paul Heinbecker has served a variety of prime ministers and foreign tined for a future as a middle power, denied a seat at ministers as a thoughtful and clear-spoken analyst of Canadian foreign Solidarity: Rhetoric and Foreign Relations the “grown-ups” table? Some would argue yes— policy. In this, a veritable ‘playbook’ in Canadian foreign policy past G Gettin that decades of neglect and inattention have ren- and present, he shares his insight with the Canadian public, and we dered Canadian foreign policy inoffensive at best, will all benefit from his intelligent and provocative but always committed in the Game and ineffective at worst. (University of Pittsburgh Press, US$24 .95 rendering of the active role that Canada can play in the world.” Paul Heinbecker—former career diplomat, am- —Dr. Lloyd Axworthy, President of the University of Winnipeg; A Foreign Policy PlAybook bassador to Germany and Permanent Representative A veteran of a dozen international summits, former Canada’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1996–2000 to the un—strongly disagrees. He argues that while paper) applies Mr . Burke’s theories about career diplomat Paul Heinbecker has served in For cAnAdA the (mostly) golden days of Pearson may be long Ottawa as Chief Foreign Policy Advisor to Brian “This is an impressive and comprehensive review of Canada and its place in Back in the Game gone, Canada is more capable than ever and has glit- Mulroney, as point man for Canada’s Human Secu- the world: past, present, and future. It is a highly readable and sensible tering diplomatic prospects. rity agenda and as head of the Canadian climate Canadian foreign policy treatise well rooted in experience and wisdom.” In Getting Back in the Game, Heinbecker pres- language and its complexities to the study change delegation at Kyoto. He was posted abroad —John Manley, President and ceo, Canadian Council of Chief Executives; Canada’s ents his confident, optimistic vision for the future in Ankara, Bonn, Paris, Stockholm and Washington. Minister for Foreign Affairs 2000–02; and Deputy Prime Minister 2002–03 of Canadian foreign policy. Drawing on extensive, In 2000, Heinbecker was appointed Ambassador high-level experience, Heinbecker offers an insight- of diplomacy — particularly contempo- and Permanent Representative of Canada to the “Paul Heinbecker makes a very persuasive case for an active, ful, behind-the-scenes look at how we got to where we are, and how we can succeed in the 21st century. United Nations, where he represented Canada on ambitious foreign policy for Canada. Getting Back in the Game the un Security Council. At the un, he was a lead- Through a wide range of topics—the institutions should be required reading for all those who think Canada is ing opponent of the Iraq war and defender of the of foreign policy; the use of hard, soft and smart rary diplomacy in the non-Western world, too small to do anything worthwhile on the world stage.” International Criminal Court. Heinbecker is a Dis- power; Canada’s complex relationship with the —Louise Fréchette, Canadian Permanent Representative to the tinguished Fellow at the Centre for International United States; the rise of China and others; and the United Nations, 1992–94; Deputy Minister of National Defence (1995–98); Governance Innovation ( ) in Waterloo and continuing conundrum that is the United Na- cigi and un Deputy Secretary-General, 1998–2006. with special reference to militancy and the inaugural director of the Centre for Global tions—Heinbecker explores the questions and con- Relations at Wilfrid Laurier University. For more cerns that are on the minds of Canada’s leaders, information, visit www.heinbecker.ca. thinkers and citizens. He makes a strong case for www.keyporter.com Canada’s future, arguing that this country has never armed conflict . been better able to afford an effective foreign policy Jacket photo: Ken Davies / Masterfile and has seldom faced greater opportunities. Like Author photo: TK Jacket design: Martin Gould Mark Twain, Heinbecker believes that “it’s not the Each of these works is highly valuable Paul Heinbecker size of the dog in the fight that matters, but the size POLITICAL SCIENCE distributed in canada by h.b. fenn and company, ltd. Former cAn A diA n AmbA ssA dor to the Un of the fight in the dog.” printed and bound in canada in its own right, but they are not intended BackintheGame_mech.indd 1 8/11/10 8:17:17 PM to fill an obvious gap: that of teaching Author Paul Heinbecker educated people outside the foreign- policy world what it is that diplomats order; and second, determine which issues Short Introduction (part of the generally actually do . Once upon a time, the public’s we wish particularly to address — and excellent Short Introduction series from understanding of this matter derived from how . With some leadership, smarts, and Oxford University Press—$11 .95 paper) Hollywood films starring people such as ambition, we can accomplish a lot, as we looks at American and a few Australian Charles Boyer or Walter Pidgeon . Now have done in the past . Our problems are successes and failures in considerable it appears to come from WikiLeaks . One largely man-made; with the right policies detail, allowing readers to infer general must squint to see this change as an im- and leadership, they can be man-unmade . problems and principles from the specifics provement . We have the talent and the resources to he presents . (Editor’s note: Although H .B . Fenn has play the diplomatic game effectively, and Diane Davis, who teaches at the Uni- initiated bankruptcy proceedings, Paul no one is stopping us from doing so .” Well versity of Texas, is a disciple of Kenneth Heinbecker’s book is still available at said, but more easily said than done . Burke (1897−1993), the philosopher of bookstores and he will put out a paper- Joseph M . Siracusa is an American language (and all-round literary figure) back version with another publisher .) professor long resident in Australia who whose most famous books are A Gram- studies diplomacy,SW Col-Ad Diplomat.ai nuclear weapons 9/1/10 and 3:29:16 mar PM of Motives and A Rhetoric of Motives. George Fetherling is the author of Indo- the Cold War . His book Diplomacy: A Very Indeed, Prof . Davis also holds the Ken- china Now and Then (Dundurn Press) .

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54 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN BOOKS|DELIGHTS

Scottish ‘lad o’ pairts’ for governor general By James Hunter

aron Tweedsmuir of Elsfield served as governor general of BCanada from 1935 to 1940, during which time u S. . President Franklin Delano Roosevelt described him as the best Canada ever had . FDR was a man of wide reading but it is hard to imagine that he had a sufficiently detailed knowledge of Tweedmuir’s predecessors to arrive at an informed comparative view . His opinion was more likely influenced by the fact that the two men, meeting for the first time in 1936, hit it off immediately . They were both intelligent, widely read, highly personable and warm characters . Assuming we start counting from 1867, when the Dominion of Canada was founded, Lord Tweedsmuir was the 15th person to hold the position of governor general of Canada . (If we went back to the period of French ascendency, he was the 58th person to hold the vice-regal position first held by Samuel de Champlain in 1627 .) At first blush, Lord Tweedsmuir may appear to have been part of a long line of English aristocrats appointed to the governor generalship (broken only when Vincent Massey was appointed as the first native-born Canadian to hold the post in 1952) . In fact, Tweedsmuir was no aristocrat and he was no Englishman . He was born as plain John Buchan, a Scot of middle-class parentage whose father was a minister in the Free Church of Scotland, a breakaway Presbyterian sect . How did this humble son of the manse rise to be a governor general at a time when privilege held sway? There is no question that John Buchan was a very clever boy . He attended Hutcheson’s

Grammar School, an independent boys’ and archives canada l i b rary school in Glasgow, and Glasgow Univer- John Buchan sity . He went on to Brasenose College at Oxford, where he graduated with a first- of Thomas Nelson . As a young man, he example of plural voting) in the British class degree . He won many of the prizes served for three years in South Africa un- parliament at Westminster . that Oxford had to offer, though he failed der Lord Milner as a civil servant working During all of this, he was a tireless to win the most glittering prize of all: a fel- on the reconstruction of the country dur- writer of articles, speeches, history books lowship at All Souls College . ing and following the Boer War . During and novels . He wrote serious biographies In 1907, he made an advantageous mar- the First World War, he tried to enlist for of Sir Walter Scott, Oliver Cromwell, Lord riage to Susan Grosvenor, a distant cousin front-line service but he was deemed to Minto (a former governor general of Can- of the Duke of Wellington . This union be too old and too unhealthy . He obtained ada) and others, but he was most famous provided an entrée to a wider social circle . a desk job in London where he was direc- — and, indeed, internationally celebrated He qualified and practised for a time as tor of intelligence at the foreign office and — as a popular novelist, a writer of “penny a barrister at the Inns of Court in London . later rose to the rank of lieutenant colo- shockers” as he called them . He made a He was a businessman, and became a nel . He served as the elected member for great deal of money from these novels . partner in the illustrious publishing house the Scottish Universities (a now-defunct His most famous title was The 39 Steps,

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U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, fourth from left, front row, described Lord Tweedsmuir, third from left, front row, as the best governor general Canada ever had. The two men, meeting for the first time in 1936, hit it off immediately. Also seen is then-Prime Minister William Lyon MacKenzie King, seventh from left, front row. published in 1915 . Alfred Hitchcock made warmth towards them . His father’s parish Buchan’s candidacy and was delighted this novel into a movie in 1935 . Thus, when duties had taken the Buchan family for a when he accepted the job . Mackenzie King Buchan became governor general in 1935, while to the Gorbals, a depressed area of was less thrilled when the monarch, King he was at the height of his fame . Glasgow, so Buchan had been exposed to George V, insisted on giving Buchan a no- Buchan was a man of many parts or, poverty, and its attendant suffering, from ble title on the basis that no governor gen- as the Scots say: “a lad o’ pairts ”. His an early age . This may have accounted for eral of his was going to be a commoner . upward mobility was the result of his the empathy shown to all throughout his So that is how John Buchan became Lord focused intelligence, his singular drive, life, by no means common for someone Tweedsmuir . Buchan chose the title of his clear belief in values of decency and who later became an imperial grandee . Baron Tweedsmuir of Elsfield . Empire but above all, as Shakespeare said When Buchan was approached to be Tweedsmuir is a village in the Scottish of another Scot (Macbeth), his “vaulting governor general of Canada, he was hesi- borders, an area Buchan knew well and ambition .” This did not necessarily en- tant at first . He said he would have pre- loved . He lived for a while in Elsfield dear Buchan to everyone . Some may have ferred the governor generalship of South Manor . Elsfield is a village outside of agreed with Sir James Barrie’s dictum: Africa . He had been entranced by the Oxford . Buchan was proud of his Scottish “There are few more impressive sights in romance of Africa when he served there as roots, but following his time at Oxford, he the world than a Scotsman on the make .” a young man and had long wanted to re- affected the accent and air of an upper- To extend this jaundiced sentiment to turn . However, that job was not available, class Englishman — his noble title reflects Buchan would have been unfair . While he so Buchan accepted Canada . the dichotomy . Buchan feigned indiffer- was an undoubted careerist, he never lost The prime minister of Canada, William ence to his ennoblement . In reality, he the common touch . One of his strengths Lyon Mackenzie King, had (along with was delighted . Following his war work was his interest in ordinary people and his his predecessor, r . B . Bennett) supported in London, he had lobbied long, hard,

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shamelessly, but ultimately unsuccessfully, ernor general to travel north of the Arctic Literary award carries on for a knighthood . Circle . He explained in words that may Buchan's legacy John Buchan — or Lord Tweedsmuir now appear prophetic: “There is one card I as he will now be cited — was governor mean to play for all it is worth . The future EDITOR’S NOTE: Gov. Gen. David Johnston general in interesting times . He was the of Canada lies in the North .” gave this speech at Rideau Hall in only governor general to serve under It was Tweedsmuir who founded the November, prior to the presentation of the three monarchs: George V, Edward VIII Governor General’s Awards, for many Governor General’s Literary Awards. In it, and George Vi . He had to deal with the years Canada’s premier literary award . he pays tribute the awards’ founder, Lord abdication crisis of 1936 when Edward Winners have included Robertson Davies, Tweedsmuir. VIII abdicated so he could marry the Margaret Atwood and Mordecai Richler, American divorcee, Wallis Simpson . Since a man who was no fan of Tweedsmuir . It is a great pleasure for Sharon and me to the 1931 Statute of Westminster, Canada As an author himself, Tweedsmuir wrote welcome you to Rideau Hall. We are here had become independent of Britain in the prodigiously throughout his life: one tonight to celebrate literature and the matter of accepting the royal succession, source listed 34 novels and 46 works of people who have contributed to Canada’s and Tweedsmuir was central in discus- non-fiction in what it describes as a partial literary landscape. sions with Mackenzie King and the British list of his books . (Lady Tweedsmuir wrote My grandchildren call me Grandpa Book. prime minister, Stanley Baldwin, as to as well, under the name of Susan Buchan .) As you may suspect, the name does not Canada’s position on the abdication and He wrote a novel — Sick Heart River — come without just cause, as I am always the succession . based on his Canadian experiences, al- seen with a book. I try to tell them stories Tweedsmuir was heavily involved in though this book does not seem to figure that they have never heard before, but, of planning the 1939 watershed visit of the largely today in Can-lit courses taught course, there are always those stories I am King and Queen to Canada, the first such at high school and university . While in particularly fond of retelling. visit by a serving monarch . He was less Canada, he also somehow found time to I am not only a champion of literature, involved in the visit itself, since as the work on his monumental biography of the but I am also an enthusiastic reader. Books King’s representative in Canada, there Roman emperor, Augustus . are wonderful gateways to places seen only is, by definition, nothing for a governor Tweedsmuir was a complex man who in our imaginations. They introduce us to general to do while the King is here . By achieved much before his life was cut people, both fictional and real, and teach us contrast, Mackenzie King accompanied short in 1940 (he slipped and hit his head lessons that will stay with us for our entire the King and Queen everywhere, includ- in his bathroom at Rideau Hall) . Critics lives. ing the vital side trip to Washington say he spread himself too thin . He was I am reminded of the words of Réjean D C. . while Tweedsmuir remained in a man of conscience, with a belief in the Ducharme, translated by Barbara Bay: “A Ottawa . No doubt he would have twid- values of the English-speaking democra- book is a world, a complete world, with dled his thumbs except for the fact that cies and in the British Empire . His belief a beginning and an end. Every page is a Tweedsmuir was incapable of idleness . in Empire has been wittily characterized town. Every line a street. Every word a It was Tweedsmuir who signed Cana- by biographer Alan Sandison as “The house. My eyes rove through the street, da’s proclamation of war against Germany Church of Scotland on safari .” However, opening each door, entering each house.” on Sept . 11, 1939 . Tweedsmuir was a man of his times when I take every opportunity to introduce my FDR was the first serving president to such beliefs seemed quite conventional . grandchildren to worlds they have never pay an official visit to Canada when he Was Tweedsmuir Canada’s greatest seen before. And through them, I discover met Tweedsmuir in Nova Scotia in 1936 . governor general as FDR claimed? It is an old worlds with fresh eyes. Tweedsmuir was also the first official impossible question to answer . Generally, That is why I am so excited to be here representative of Canada to address the not a great deal is expected of governors with some of the very best novelists, non- Congress of the United States . It was a general; they face the same limitations as fiction writers, poets, illustrators, translators rare chance to speak publicly on issues of the constitutional monarchs they serve . and playwrights in Canada, and to honour personal interest . Any governor general Tweedsmuir himself described this chal- some of the best works of the past year. is sensitive to the limitations of what he lenge: “A governor general in an autono- And what a year it has been for can say or do — basically he has to stay mous Dominion walks inevitably on a Canadian literature — English and French out of politics, he cannot irritate his Ca- razor’s edge . His powers are like those books, plays and poetry of every genre, of nadian hosts and he cannot irritate the of a constitutional monarch, brittle if too every type and for all ages. The creators monarch . This was quite a challenge for a heavily pressed, substantial only when themselves are as diverse as the material, man such as Tweedsmuir, who was not a exercised discreetly in the background ”. yet they produce distinctly Canadian works. career diplomat . Although he largely met However, Tweedsmuir was equal to the I enjoy discovering new writers, doubly the challenge, he did once hit the jackpot challenge of doing his duty in difficult so when they are Canadian, because I can when he said in a speech: “A Canadian’s times . He achieved many firsts in Canada . identify more with the writer’s voice. I can first loyalty is not to the British Common- His sudden death while in office brought say that this author — like me, like you, like wealth of Nations but to Canada and to an outpouring of grief and a sense of loss everyone across the country — is helping to Canada’s King .” This statement seemed to in both Canada and in Britain . And that define our country’s identity, which can only offend everyone at the time, but it was an is perhaps the most sincere testament to happen if we choose to pay attention. uncharacteristic lapse . Lord Tweedsmuir’s achievements as gov- In my installation speech, I spoke of Tweedsmuir travelled extensively in ernor general . a smart and caring nation. Robertson Canada . While in Quebec, he delivered 17 Davies once wrote: “A nation without a speeches in French . He was the first gov- James Hunter is a Toronto writer . literature is not a nation.” I would also

diplomat and international canada 57 DELIGHTS|BOOKS MCl D any V ei ll ette, R idea u H a Gov. Gen. David Johnston, third from left, front row, presented the 74th edition of Governor General’s Literary Awards. They are Canada’s oldest and most prestigious awards for English- and French-language Canadian literature.

add that a nation that ignores its literature VENEZ APPRENDRE ET RÉUSSIR À MIEUX and languages, that neglects to teach and VOUS NOURRIR ET À ÊTRE encourage children to read and write, is not PHYSIQUEMENT ACTIF a nation either, or if it is a nation, it is one DANS LE PLAISIR ! without a soul and an inspiration. Perte de poids • Mise en forme • Tabagisme Lose weight • Get in shape • Quit smoking Literacy is a vital part of our education system and an important part of everyday life, as it forms the basis for all other learn- CLUB MED-ADO ing. Through reading, we learn how English Mon plus bel été en santé ! and French have evolved over time, and we learn how to write ourselves. It is only Camps d’été pour les jeunes de 12 -13 ans et 14-16 ans through reading and writing that we can Du lundi au vendredi de 8h00 à 18h00 truly appreciate our languages. By opening Semaine du 27 juin, 4 et 11 juillet, 1er et 8 aout 2011 a book, by supporting quality education, Inclus déjeuner, diner et souper we not only foster a love of the printed Activité physique variés au menu à tous les jours. word, we create a lifelong commitment to language. Emphase sur l’auto-responsabilité et la motivation intrinsèque. In seven short years, the country Une panoplie d’activités diverses éducatives et amusantes! will mark the 150th anniversary of Confederation. That is 150 years of Ce camp est supervisé par une professionnelle de la santé, Canadian achievements, 150 years of Diane Oligny M.Sc. Kinésiologue, hautement qualifié en accompagnement Canadian literature. It is therefore only fit- de changement de mode de vie et technique motivationnelle et professeur ting that one of the oldest offices in Canada à l’université d’Ottawa en science de la santé. celebrates literary contributions. Inscrivez votre adolescent pour une expérience inoubliable Lord Tweedsmuir, a former governor qui marquera à jamais sa qualité de vie. general and prolific author, once said: “Let us remember that great literature is one Faites-vite, les places sont limitées ! and indivisible.” He created these awards in Clinique Kin-hin, 666 de Duberger à Gatineau 1936 with the idea that Canada, as a united www.kin-hin.com 613 794-3734 [email protected] and then still-fledgling nation, could begin to forge its own identity and vision, sepa-

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rate from other Commonwealth countries. We listened and we created. I am just reading a biography of Lord Tweedsmuir (a.k.a. John Buchan, author of The 39 Steps) by Janet Adam Smith. It is a great read and my wife has made an office in a small room used by him with all his The hilTon lac-leamy The ultimate Five-Star hotel in Greater Gatineau-Ottawa!

books just down the hall. It’s the best room in this big house. I am delighted to congratulate this year’s laureates of the Governor General’s Literary Awards. Tonight, you join a long list of notable Canadians. You also carry the responsibility of inspiring those who have a desire to tell a story and a hope of being published. They are the ones who dream of being where you are sitting right now. Hopefully, their writing will join yours in influencing where we go as a nation. CELEbrAtE YOUr NAtIONAL DAY Because there is no greater authority on ourselves than our stories. At thE hILtON LAC-LEAMY Stories sustain us and bind us together. They show us where we are going and • Complimentary banquet facilities where we have been. They are records of able to accommodate 50 to 1,500 guests our imagination and of our grammatical evolution. They entertain us, move us, • Customized menus available change us and challenge us. They capture our attention before we are even able to • Multilingual personnel read and they never let us go. Stories — in the form of a book, a play, or a poem — • Free outdoor monitored Diplomat parking give us the means with which to look at ourselves and ask why — or, perhaps more • Minutes from downtown Ottawa importantly — why not. In this age of new technology and new ways of sharing ideas, the question is not only how our stories will evolve, but also how we will share our Canadian identity To enquire about our facilities, with the world. You have brought us closer please contact our Account Executive to answering this question. and Protocol Specialist, I congratulate you and thank you for Maryse Morin, at 819 790.6487 giving us stories, worlds in which to [email protected] immerse ourselves, and for allowing us a glimpse into the future of our Canadian CASINO-DU-LAC-LEAMY.COM identity. D

diplomat and international canada 59 DELIGHTS|canadiana

A nation’s heritage: 100 years of Parks Canada

By Laura Neilson Bonikowsky parks canada parks

Banff National Park, Canada’s first, was established Nov. 25, 1885 as the Banff Hot Springs Reserve.

his year, Parks Canada is celebrating Canada’s first national park was Banff was not a matter of public concern, and it 100 years of protecting Canadian in the Rocky Mountains, established on established Canada as a world leader in Twilderness and history . Indeed, Nov . 25, 1885, as the Banff Hot Springs conservation . Canada’s national parks system is an Reserve . On May 19, 1911, the federal A century later, the Dominion Parks integral part of our identity . The parks government created the Dominion Parks Branch had become Parks Canada (with represent the country’s unity and diver- Branch, the world’s first national park the passing of the Canadian Parks Agency sity, geography and heritage and they are service, to preserve and protect special Act on Dec . 3, 1998) . Today, Canadians as much a part of the Canadian psyche as natural sites . It was a ground-breaking are privileged to have no fewer than 42 hockey and the maple leaf . initiative at a time when the environment national parks and park reserves, 167 na-

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The Laggan-Field road construction in Banff in 1925 was a challenge. tional historic sites, four national marine of nationally significant people such as conservation areas and marine parks . And Terry Fox and William Neilson Hall, and several more protected areas are planned cultural sites as well, places such as Nan for the near future . From Kluane in the Sdins, Sahoyúé-§ehdacho (pronounced Yukon, Pacific Rim in British Columbia, SAW-you-eh-DAH-cho), Batoche, York across the Rockies and Prairies, around Factory, Kejimkujik, and the sites of the the Great Lakes and through Quebec and War of the 1812 . Ensuring a balance be- the Maritimes to L’Anse aux Meadows in tween fragile wilderness and heritage Newfoundland and Auyuittuq in Nuna- areas, their economic potential, and the vut, the parks showcase Canada’s natural people who wish to enjoy them, requires beauty and its human heritage . careful management . The foremost mandate of Parks Can- If one were to go back to where it ada, according to the Canadian Parks Act, all started, Banff National Park, which is “to protect the nationally significant stretches 240 kilometres along the eastern examples of Canada’s natural and cultural slope of the Continental Divide, one might heritage in national parks, national his- question how well the parks service has toric sites, national marine conservation met its mandate . The town of Banff today areas and related heritage areas in view of is full up . The 6,641 square-kilometre park their special role in the lives of Canadians is the most popular of Canada’s national and the fabric of the nation .” parks, visited by more than 4 .5 million The first priority is to maintain “eco- visitors each year . Banff draws a global au- logical integrity,” a guiding principle dience, year-round . People come by train, established in 1979 . It refers to the way plane, bus and carload to view and photo- ecosystems maintain their integrity when graph the scenic vistas, to ski, hike, camp, they are healthy; Parks Canada’s objective to dine in the fine restaurants, take in the is to allow people to enjoy the parks with- nightlife and shop . In fact, in the crowded parks canada parks out damaging them . heart of downtown Banff, visitors may feel This guide applies to the memory Riding alongside Lake Louise in 1960. more like they are at a theme-based shop-

diplomat and international canada 61 DELIGHTS|canadiana parks canada parks The Cabot Trail in Cape Breton Highlands National Park, Nova Scotia. parks canada parks canada parks Ottawa’s crown jewel: The Rideau Canal Gwaii Haanas National Marine Conservation Area Reserve and Haida Heritage Site in British Columbia.

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ping mall than in a protected wilderness area . Banff, as the oldest park, may be considered something of a test case for the parks mandate . The area’s development, controversial because of its fragile environment, has been determined by the railway, tourism and the federal government . The establishment of the Banff Hot Springs Reserve ushered in an age of parks tourism . Wealthy tourists from around the world came to take in the hot springs, arriving by Canadian Pa- cific Railway trains and staying in lavish railway-owned hotels in the town of Banff . The town was founded in 1883 near a proposed site for a CPR tunnel and was originally called “Siding 29 ”. It was relocated in 1886 to its current more picturesque location to accommodate the infrastructure required for the national park the government envisioned . It was renamed by Donald Smith, Lord Strathcona, for his hometown in Scotland . At the time the reserve was established, few Canadians could afford to visit it . When Henry Ford introduced the automobile, Banff and the other parks canada parks Kootenay National Park, 1923 suddenly became accessible to a broader audience, but still mainly to people with money . After the Second World War, the Banff’s tourism . Stringent development To visit any of our national parks today changing economy brought “autotourists” regulations were enacted in the late 1980s is to visit the past, experience our amazing to the parks as automobiles became more for the Rocky Mountain parks and today natural heritage and see archaeological affordable . In the 1960s, with growing Jasper has a quiet charm . preservation at its best . The parks system awareness of environmental issues, many A comparison of Banff and Jasper il- is a model to other countries in the areas began to question the increased develop- lustrates the risks of development in a of protecting bio-diversity and restoring ment in Banff and high-use parks, calling wilderness environment, and an opportu- historical artifacts . As an example, Argen- for less intrusive infrastructure at the same nity realized to control such development . tina has turned to Parks Canada to learn time that visitors began demanding more In both, the town sites and Parks Canada the modern practices required to sustain secluded campsites . The parks service maintain strict control of development their parks system . This observation is response in the form of improved manage- and expansion, which sustains the equilib- made with considerable satisfaction by ment of natural resources may well have rium between economics and the environ- Environment Minister Peter Kent who saved Banff from being ruined by over- ment . Public education is important in the notes that on a trip to Argentina, before development . parks, as in all Parks Canada holdings, assuming the environment portfolio, he Certainly Jasper, on Banff’s northern as exposure to natural and heritage sites heard a park ranger generously praise the boundary, has benefited from the Banff ex- leads to better appreciation and participa- Canadian parks system to a tour group . perience . Jasper National Park, established tion in protecting these special places . Canada’s new minister of the environ- in 1907, is, at 10,878 square kilometres, al- ment, appointed in January this year, has most twice the size of Banff, yet it receives long been an advocate for Canada’s parks less than half the traffic, with “only” two system, and has fond memories, having million visitors per year . It is more remote, once been a ski instructor in Banff and a saving grace as far as the wilderness is having hiked on the glaciers and enjoyed concerned, and development of the area the hot springs that started it all . Mr . Kent moved at a slower pace . The town of Jas- seems to genuinely care about the parks, per originated as a supply depot for trade enthusiastically noting that it is “exciting across the Athabasca Pass, and the Grand to have the opportunity to visit the newer Trunk Pacific and Great Northern rail- parks ”. Among all the celebrations and ways arrived during 1911-1912 . Tourism parks events he will attend during this in Jasper really only began in 1915 . The year of celebration, he is “most looking parks canada parks construction of an all-weather road to Ed- forward to visiting Gwaii Haanas [British monton in 1936 hastened Jasper’s growth, A rotary plough barrels through Rogers Columbia] and Nahanni [Northwest Terri- which has never reached the intensity of Pass, at Glacier National Park, in 1910. tories] .” He probably couldn’t have picked

diplomat and international canada 63 DELIGHTS|canadiana parks canada parks

Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site, British Columbia parks canada parks parks canada parks

Kluane's Kaskawulsh glacier in Kluane National Park, Yukon A fire automobile transporting a pump, hose and tools in 1916 in Banff. better exemplars of Parks Canada meeting Haida Nation . It encompasses the rich of Niagara Falls . The park overlaps two its mandate . ecology of the Pacific coast, and attests to major eco-zones, the Taiga Plains in the Gwaii Haanas National Marine Conser- more than 10,000 years of Haida culture . east and the Taiga Cordillera to the west . vation Area Reserve and Haida Heritage Nahanni National Park Reserve pro- The reserve was establish in 1976 and des- Sites is one of Parks Canada’s newest sites, tects part of the Mackenzie Mountains ignated as a world heritage site in 1978 . It established in June 2010, the first marine Natural Region, a key feature of which is is among the most rugged of our national conservation area created under the Can- the Naha Dehé (South Nahanni River), parks and not for tenderfoots . Clearly, Mr . ada National Marine Conservation Areas which begins as a benign boulder-strewn Kent is a man who enjoys the outdoors . Act . Gwaii Haanas, “Islands of Beauty” stream and grows in size and power as it The average outdoorsy or history-lov- in the Haida language, was established flows 580 kilometres until it rushes over ing Canadian will envy our environment jointly by the federal government and the Virginia Falls, which are twice the height ministers their experiences in the parks .

64 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN canadiana|DELIGHTS

Last year, Mr . Kent’s predecessor, Jim Hot springs and those restorative waters; they attracted Prentice, had the opportunity to witness historic prescience wealthy tourists from around the world. an archaeological expedition when a team By Laura Neilson Bonikowsky James B. Harkin, the first commis- from Parks Canada’s Western Arctic field sioner of the Dominion Parks Branch, unit and the underwater archaeology ser- “This was the greatest climax to a major proposed setting aside publicly vice discovered the wreckage of the HMS discovery that we had ever seen. Frank accessible wilderness areas across the Investigator, graves of three of the ship’s McCabe, Tom McCardell and myself just country. During his 25-year tenure, 13 crew and stone artifacts from a 2,300-year- stood in silence looking at this mysteri- national parks were added to the parks old aboriginal camp . The ship was lost in ous grotto where warm clear water system, Parliament passed legislation to the High Arctic in the 1850s during Robert bubbled from its depths.” limit industrial development within the McClure’s search for the missing Franklin — William McCardell on finding the hot parks, and national historic sites were expedition and the long-sought Northwest springs in what is now Banff National added to the parks service mandate. Passage . McClure and his crew, after being Park. The changed economy after the trapped in the ice at Mercy Bay for two Second World War put automobiles years, abandoned their ship . The Copper Who wouldn’t have stood in awed within reach of more Canadians, and silence in that secret place, watching parks met the public’s increasing mobil- the steam drifting from the surface of ity with new roads and guidebooks a large pool tucked against the base of promoting scenic drives. The 1960s a cliff? William McCardell had travelled brought increased global awareness west from Ontario in 1882 with a of environmental issues. To the parks, Canadian Pacific Railway construction the era brought demands for less crew. He, his brother Tom, and friend intrusive infrastructure, which resulted Frank McCabe had stumbled on the site in limits on the growth of townsites and after seeing a steam near the base of amenities like golf courses. Ecological Sulphur Mountain and rafting across integrity became a significant goal; the the Bow River to investigate. 1988 National Parks Act recognized They weren’t the first people to see the importance of preserving the envi- the springs, of course; the First Nations ronment and promoting sustainable canada parks people had long known of their recu- recreation. Environment Minister Peter Kent says perative powers. But after McCabe’s By the 1990s, Parks Canada was Canada’s parks system is a model for pro- discovery, the sacred site didn’t stay restoring historic sites nation-wide and tecting bio-diversity and restoring historical artifacts. secret for long. As word spread, several its Historic Sites and Monuments Board people realized the benefits of the added people of national significance, springs. But it wasn’t as a cure for such as Terry Fox, and events of cultural Inuit found the crew’s depots of supplies what ailed them — they saw a way to significance, such as the signing of First and for decades returned to salvage iron, make money, and lots of it. Sir William Nations treaties, to its commemoration copper and other material . The Investigator Van Horne, president of the CPR, program. The definition of culturally figures largely in Inuit oral history . The declared them worth a million dollars. significant has expanded to include the discovery was assisted by several Inuvi- That began a barrage of claims to the cultural landscape, making a broad spec- aluit, giving them an opportunity to re- springs, including McCabe’s. trum of history eligible for protection. discover their ancestors even as the parks Dominion Lands investigated and To begin the 21st Century, Parks team solved a 150-year old mystery . determined that there would be no Canada added the National Marine The pictures taken during the expedi- private ownership or development in Conservation Areas, which protect tion show marine archaeologists sharing the vicinity and on Nov. 25, 1885, passed coastlines and waterways as well as their discovery with Minister Prentice, an Order in Council to set aside an area natural and historic underwater areas, whose smile says “isn’t my job cool?” around the hot springs for public use. It including shipwrecks such as the HMS Given the year ahead as Canada cel- became known as the Banff Hot Springs Investigator. The ship was trapped in ebrates 100 years of Parks Canada inno- Reserve and was expanded two years Arctic ice in the 1850s searching for vation, Mr . Kent will undoubtedly have later to become Canada’s first national Franklin and the elusive Northwest many opportunities to express the same park. By the time the Dominion Parks Passage. Parks Canada’s Underwater sentiment . In fact, all those who live in Branch, the world’s first national parks Archaeology Service located it in July Canada will have the opportunity this service, was created in 1911, Canada 2010. year to find out what is cool and excit- had five national parks, all in the Rocky The scope of work done by Parks ing about its national parks and heritage Mountains with three along the CPR Canada in its first 100 years protects sites . Parks Canada will celebrate with line. the country’s natural environment and monthly themes, special events, a return The prescience of those early preserves our history and culture. When of the Parks Pass program for grade eight legislators is remarkable, considering we look at what has been accomplished, students and free entry to the parks on that environmental issues were not at we should, like William McCardell when special days . the forefront of public concern. Van he first saw the hot springs that started Horne was right. There was money in it all, feel a sense of awe. Laura Neilson Bonikowsky is a writer from Alberta . diplomat and international canada 65 DELIGHTS|good manners

Etiquette camp for adults By Donna Jacobs

onjure up every awkward social and diplomats . moment you’ve had — the messy Some of the work was theory — discus- Chors d’oeuvre, the dead-end con- sion and diagrams of where to seat people, versation, the room full of strangers, depending on the size and shape of the the dropped fork, the fish bone in your tables, and whether it’s a work or social mouth . The list of lapses in the social gathering . In the world of protocol, says world is long . Larry, there is nothing haphazard about So when two dozen people gathered at it . Most people know exactly where they Carleton University’s Norman Paterson should be seated . School of International Affairs last sum- After two hours of table-setting and mer for a one-day protocol and etiquette manners lessons, we were put to the test course, it wasn’t surprising that it was during a simple luncheon served upstairs . oversubscribed . There, the Dickensons watched their stu- Bryan Henderson, director of profes- dents, waiting to be sure no one started to sional training and development for the eat before everyone was served and before school, offers it yearly . And who better to the hostess took her first bite . teach it than Margaret and Larry Dicken- From dining with delicacy, the Dicken- son? sons focused on the even trickier cocktail Margaret, a graduate in foods and party or reception where people have to nutrition, is fresh from winning yet an- be charming and dextrous — often simul- other award for her cookbook Margaret’s taneously — all the while standing and Table: Easy Cooking & Inspiring Entertaining, moving about . voted best cookbook in the world in the A few basic reception rules: “Always, entertaining category for the last 12 years always, always” hold your drink glass at the Frankfurt Book Fair in Germany . in your left hand to allow you to shake Her first award-winning book was From people’s hands with your right . That way, the Ambassador’s Table . And her most re- you can also use your right hand to effort- cent project is hosting a six-episode show lessly reach the loose business cards in on Rogers Cable — also called Margaret’s your pocket . Table — on cooking, entertaining and Etiquette gurus Margaret and Larry Dick- How do you handle a drink, a plate decorating . enson (with a slippery hors-d’oeuvre), cutlery Larry is a retired career diplomat, and a napkin so your right hand is free whose postings to eight countries (from cultural etiquette advice: Don’t cross your for handshaking, retrieving your business the European Union to Egypt to the USSR) chopsticks on your plate, for example, as cards and eating? The Dickensons have included serving as Canada’s ambassador it’s considered bad luck . Instead, when not developed a one-hand-does-all trick . She to Kuwait and Indonesia . In his second using them, place them side-by-side next demonstrates which fingers do what job . career, post-retirement, he is both photog- to your plate, on the stand provided for We practise it tipsily with empty plates rapher for Margaret’s cookbooks (and her that purpose . In Muslim countries, don’t and wine glasses . column in this magazine) and co-teacher . cross your legs . You run the risk of point- Fortunately, fingers quickly acquire She has taught the course for a dozen ing your shoe at someone and exposing its dexterity . At her own elegant dinners and years, joined by Larry for the past six sole — an affront, as leather is considered parties, of course, Margaret would never years . Their “students” have included an unclean material . serve an hors d’oeuvre that’s bigger than staff at the Department of Foreign Affairs, However, much of the day was spent one bite, and never with a cucumber, CSIS, RCMP, the National Police College, on the details of good manners and good which can become soggy . Carleton University and the University of table manners, applicable anywhere, any- What if you’re offered an unwieldy Ottawa . time . hors d’oeuvre? Just say “No, thank you .” The course title tells it all: “Practical The desks were informally arranged in What happens if someone comes along certificate in international social protocol a large square for the students of suave . and wants to talk or shake your hand networking, cocktail and dining etiquette” Among them were an engineer who just as you are about consume a morsel . and, yes, Larry and Margaret present travels abroad, a foreign policy officer at “Don’t pop it back” — she unexpectedly graduates with certificates . the Department of Foreign Affairs, senior throws her head back and feigns a huge In the humorous, fast-paced and managers at Carleton University and Ca- gulp, much to her students’ amusement . anecdote-filled day, among other skills, we nadian and international undergraduate Instead, transfer it to the left hand or to a learned how to greet, seat and eat . and graduate students . Previous gradu- cocktail plate held in that hand . The Dickensons provide useful cross- ates have included industry executives After this lecture, you will never again

66 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN GOOD MANNERS|DELIGHTS

put your soiled plate and cutlery or wine glass on the buffet table . Be patient Social engagement: a few fast rules 3. World-wide, greetings are now often enough, she says, to find the right landing accompanied by the ritual exchange of place for the dirty dishes . 1. Introduce men to women, younger business cards. It is most polite to ask for So you’ve eaten gracefully and greeted people to older people, people of lesser a person’s card, to look at it and to talk everyone properly . Now it’s time for net- authority to those with greater social about it before you present yours (with working and real conversation . or political status. If you don’t know the writing facing the recipient.) The easy way to have a conversation is a person’s name or if you suffer acute If you have pockets, keep your own to find another solitary soul and approach temporary amnesia, use titles. If Peter cards loose in your right pocket (for your that person . It will quickly be obvious MacKay’s name has escaped, just say “the free right hand) and use the left pocket whether your zeal for a chat is returned . minister of defence.” to collect new cards. Women without The harder scenario is this: Everyone In other circumstances, just say: “I pockets but with purses can designate has divided into groups . Approaching a haven’t caught the name” or “Listen, do different pouches for incoming and out- group requires tact . Says Larry: “Turn on you two know each other?” The people going business cards. your radar .” will introduce themselves. If they’re laughing uproariously, they’re 4. The job of staff at functions: probably old friends . If they avoid eye 2. Kissing: There are three ways of doing “Your role is to make everybody happy,” contact, if they don’t open a spot in the the cheek kiss (or air kiss beside the says Larry. “That person over there is circle or give you a nod or, even more cheek). No matter whether it’s a one-kiss, bored. Do something about it. Mix and clearly, if they look away, they probably two-kiss or three-kiss country, start with match the person with somebody in the don’t want to be interrupted . Likewise, the other person's right cheek. crowd.” don’t approach people leaning in and Some European men may (unexpect- whispering . edly) reach for a woman’s hand and kiss Course offered Sept. 1. Register at www. Parties aren’t social marathons . Says it as a rather formal greeting. “Many carleton.ca/npsia-ptd/ Registration fee Larry: “You don’t need to meet everyone . women have the natural instinct to draw $350 plus HST before Aug. 8, $400 plus You need a few good conversations, not a their hand away,” says Margaret. “Try to HST thereafter. Contact Bryan Henderson whole lot of meaningless ones . remain relaxed.” at [email protected] for more information. Donna Jacobs is Diplomat's publisher

diplomat and international canada 67 DELIGHTS|ENTERTAINING

Creating a dazzling breakfast

equally successful results . However, one ulated sugar or dry gelatin dessert pow- great advantage of making homemade der (your choice of flavours) . Note: The waffles is that chopped fresh dill weed glasses may be frosted days in advance . may be whisked into the batter . The dill For the yogurt, I’ve discovered that offers a noticeable depth of flavour to this plain or vanilla, paired with berries and already memorable recipe . whole almonds (with their skins on) then With an intriguing principal recipe drizzled with liquid honey, works well . established, creating a complete “wow This quick and easy combination is a breakfast” is simply a matter of adding winner with both children and adults . To a couple of extra elements designed to heighten the wow, use a different serving Margaret Dickenson frame the star recipe into a full menu . container such as demi-tasse cups or mini Such a multi-course breakfast should flower pots . (In case of the latter, block the be reserved for those times when you are bottom hole with a bit of cake, muffin or f it’s the weekend, a holiday, a day off, eager to impress . This could be for a spe- whatever .) Add the yogurt, top with fresh you may very well be inspired to cre- cial occasion (e .g ., Family, Mother’s or Fa- blueberries, poke in a few whole almonds Iate something special for breakfast or ther’s Day, Easter, Christmas, New Year’s among the blueberries and finally drizzle brunch . We might all be inclined to think Day) or for overnight house guests . In our with glistening threads of liquid honey . first about eggs, sausages and grilled to- home, overnight guests have already been Creating a wow breakfast can really be matoes . But, let’s be honest, that’s pretty served a multi-course dinner the evening that easy . Now, from our table to yours: standard fare . My suggestions would be before and we have all gotten to bed late . “Bon Appétit”! Eggs Benedict, sweet or savoury crêpes Therefore, I recommend that most of or waffles . your time and effort be devoted to that (This is the third in a series of six highlighting To up the ante, instead of the English star recipe which would be the hub of themes from the cooking and lifestyle TV series muffin, opt to present your Eggs Benedict the meal, and take it easy on the other which she created and hosts, Margaret’s Table, in individual sautéed portobello mush- elements . If starting with nothing more on Rogers TV.) room caps comfortably snuggled in a original than orange juice and yogurt, warm nest of wilted and seasoned spinach you might choose a glass other than a Quick Irresistible Waffle Sandwiches with leaves tossed with garlic butter . To render juice glass (e .g ., wine, parfait, shot glass) Smoked Salmon the eggs unforgettable, top them with hol- and frost the rims by turning the glasses, landaise sauce and a generous rosette of one at a time, upside down into a shallow Makes 4 servings smoked salmon before garnishing with amount of egg white, allowing any excess capers and stems of fresh chives or dill . egg white to drain off before twisting the 4 regular type waffles ( or 1 traditional If crêpes are your preferrence, for each moistened rims into sugar crystals – gran- Belgian waffle)* serving prepare two thin crêpes (8 inches or 20 centimetres in diametre) and assemble them in a traditional “layered cake” fashion with a filling of various berries, sliced or diced fruit, whipped cream, nuts, etc . Dusted with icing sugar and served with maple syrup, this breakfast treat is dramatic, simple to prepare and oh-so- delicious . Speaking of drama, when it comes to waffles, you may be inspired to create something novel . In my on-going culinary challenge to be original, I came up with my irresistible waffle sandwich with smoked salmon . (Indeed, not all waffles need to be sweet .) For each individual serving, my trick is to arrange two pieces of waffle as a sandwich pair and to layer them with luscious folds of sliced smoked salmon, dollops of sour cream, touches of ginger mayonnaise and more . (Note, if us-

ing thick waffles such as Belgian waffles, D ickens o n Larry one waffle segment cut in half horizontally will do for each serving .) Homemade Waffle sandwiches with smoked salmon or commercial waffles may be used with

68 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN ENTERTAINING|DELIGHTS

2 tbsp (30 mL) Zesty Ginger Mayon- naise**, divided 1/2 cup (125 mL) thick sour cream or crème fraîche, divided 6 oz (175 g) smoked salmon, sliced 2 cups (500 mL) tender salad leaves (e .g ., mâche, arugula, spring mix) 1/3 cup (80 mL) vinaigrette, a mustard herb type

Garnish: 2 tsp (10 mL) capers, well drained fresh herbs (e .g ., chive stems, dill, etc .)

1 . Cut waffles in half and keep the halves together in matching pairs .*

2 . Drizzle a touch of Zesty Ginger Mayon- naise (1/2 tsp or 3 mL) over central area of one piece of waffle of each pair and add a dollop (1 1/2 tsp or 8 mL) of sour cream . Top with 1 oz (30 g) of smoked salmon and then with another dollop of sour cream before perching the remaining portion of waffle on top to close the sandwich .

3 . Crown each waffle sandwich with another dollop of sour cream and finally a rosette of the remaining smoked salmon .

4 . For each individual serving, secure one waffle sandwich in position on an individual dinner plate with a touch of zesty ginger mayonnaise and sour cream (to act as glue) . Add 1/2 cup (125 mL) of salad leaves to each plate .

5 . Drizzle salmon rosettes, salad and plates lightly with mustard herb vinaigrette . Garnish with capers and fresh herbs . Serve promptly .

* Note: If using a thick, round (diameter: 6 3/4 inches or 17 cm) traditional Belgian waffle with 4 segments, cut the waffle into its 4 segments and cut each segment horizontally in half to create 2 thin slices . Keep slices together as 4 matching pairs and proceed as outlined .

** To make 1/4 cup (60 mL) zesty ginger mayonnaise, whisk together 1/4 cup (60 mL) of mayonnaise, 1 tsp (5 mL) of peeled and grated fresh gingerroot and 1/4 tsp (1 mL) of granulated sugar .

Margaret Dickenson is the author of the international award winning cookbook, Margaret’s Table — Easy Cooking & Inspir- ing Entertaining . See www .margaretstable .ca .

diplomat and international canada 69 DELIGHTS|WINE

Don’t horde your bubbly

a non-Champagne wine bottle’s label with tirage . This blend of wine, sugar, yeast and the words “traditional method” . The key a clarifying agent sets off the second in- component of this technique is having the bottle fermentation . wine undergo a second fermentation in With the bottles stored horizontally the bottle . and sealed usually with a beer bottle style Traditional method winemakers begin crown cap, the fermentation creates alco- by producing a still wine which is usually hol, the bubble-creating carbon dioxide high in acid and moderate in alcohol . In and, eventually, dead yeast cells which Champagne, these wines are produced collect as a deposit on the side of the from Chardonnay, Pinot Noir and Pinot bottle . The longer the wine remains in con- Pieter Van den Weghe Meunier while makers in the rest of the tact with this deposit, also called lees, the world are free to employ whichever vari- greater the impact upon the flavour profile etals they wish . After blending wines (pos- of the wine with notes of yeast, bread and here are many styles of wine and sibly from different varietals, vineyards biscuit . Generally speaking, the longer a each offers its own particular array and even vintages), this wine is bottled wine remains in contact with its lees, the Tof pleasures . However, very few so along with a small amount of liqueur de higher the quality . easily provoke sensations of elegance and celebration more than sparkling wines . Interestingly, it is that association which is generally responsible for sparkling wine being left too often on the bench . Many wine drinkers feel a bottle of sparkling can only be opened if there is an occasion . They think of birthdays, the stroke of midnight on New Year’s Eve or the dressing room of the team who just won the Stanley Cup . Really, though, every moment and locale you decide to enjoy wine in is the proper time and place for opening a bottle of bubbly . Now, high-quality bubbly is made all over the world, but its roots and the origins of the best method for producing sparkling wines come from a very famous area in the northeast corner of France . In fact, Champagne is so renowned, it is the only appellation in France which is not required to have the words Ap- pelation Contrôlée on the label . Thanks to an impressive and, occasionally, cut- throat branding machine, Champagne is synonymous with class, pedigree and a nostalgic sense of authenticity . When we pop a bottle, we feel as though as we have cracked open the door on privilege . No matter what our station in life, and though you may pay a price for it, the beverage of kings, champions and hiphop moguls is attainable . That all said, awesome Champagne is just that: awesome . Few other wines can deliver such provocative delicious- ness and exuberant texture . Also, all wine producers owe a debt to Champagne for devising the best recipe for making sparkling wine . Once called méthode cham- penoise until banned by the EU in 1994, this method is now usually identified on

70 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN WINE|DELIGHTS

While these offer a good starting point for the exploration of Champagne, there are often interesting offerings of more obscure producers and wines through either Clas- Mark your sics or Vintages . calendars for Besides Champagne, Spanish Cava (such as Freixenet and Codorníu) offer fresh, tasty and reasonably priced spar- The Bollywood Ball klers . There are a few top shelf examples as well, but they rarely make it to North America . Though both France and Spain Elmwood's 22nd have invested in California’s sparkling Annual Gala wine production, my favourite Californian bubbly is produced by Schramsberg, an excellent family-run winery with a history Saturday, April 30, 2011 dating back to 1862 . Lastly, there can be no overlooking of the great sparkling wines This popular event sells out being produced in Canada . Henry of Pel- ham’s Cuvée Catharine Brut offers over- every year, so order your tickets 13th Street’s very elegant sparkling rosé of- whelming complexity and value for just today at www.elmwood.ca. fers great red fruit aromas and flavours. under $30, and 13th Street’s very elegant sparkling rosé offers great red fruit aromas and flavours . Wherever you start or end up with The next step, riddling or remuage, your sparkling wine explorations, start allows for the removal of the sediment it sooner than later . Waiting for the right from each bottle . Over a long period of moment only postpones the pleasures you time, each bottle will be gently twisted can receive . and turned a little bit more upside down . Eventually, with the bottle completely in- Pieter Van den Weghe is the sommelier at verted, all the sediment will be collected in Beckta dining & wine . the neck of the bottle . This basic procedure was invented by ‘Veuve’ Clicquot and her cellar manager in the early 1800s . Origi- say nally, the process of slowly inverting the bottles was done by hand and one bottle so long at a time . This painstaking and costly process is now greatly eased by modern to brow technology . Whole banks of gyropalettes, each holding several hundred bottles, are operated by hydraulics and controlled by furrows computers . These labour-saving measures have helped many wine-producing areas and around the world to make very high quality wines at reasonable prices . crows Finally, the neck of the bottle is frozen, and the solid plug of sediment is pushed feet out by the pressure in the bottle when the closure is removed . A bit of the sparkling wine is lost during this step, so the bottle is topped up with a mixture of wine and sugar solution . The amount of sugar, or dosage, will dictate the wine’s final level of dryness . Now sealed with the familiar ® cork and cage closure, these wines are ‘just for you’ usually aged in-house by the producer BOTOX for at least a few months before being re- David Jordan leased for sale . Medicine Professional Corporation Typically, the LCBO carries a stable of M.D., F.A.C.S., F.R.C.S.(C) familiar and consistent vintage and non- vintage Champagnes from Laurent-Per- 613-563-3800 rier, Louis Roederer and Veuve Clicquot . 301 O’Connor, Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1V6

diplomat and international canada 71 DELIGHTS|residences

The Netherlands: Mixing home and diplomacy By Jennifer Campbell WI L S O N DYANNE

Netherlands Ambassador Wim Geerts and his wife, Thea, figure they entertain at least twice a week. This is the smaller of two reception rooms, which opens into the large dining room.

s he offers a tour of his stately She’s young to be in university, a result high-tech millionaire, their home is among Rockcliffe Park home, Ambas- of skipping a grade in school . Suzanne, Rockcliffe's newer houses . Asador Wim Geerts offers a peek 15, is in Grade 10 at Ashbury College . The front entryway, a circular room, has inside his family life as well and admits And there’s Mrs . Geerts, an occupational a patterned granite floor and a striking that while his daughters usually beat him therapist by trade, who is completing chandelier of Dutch design . Here is where at video games, he has an edge with Rock her master’s in health administration at the Geerts greet the 600 guests who come Band, the music simulation competition . the University of Ottawa . Mr . Geerts? to their national day . The end-of-April There’s a reason, says his wife, Thea: He He’s studying too, it turns out . He’s been event used to be held in the Cartier Drill plays guitar . brushing up on his French at l’Alliance Hall but Mr . Geerts moved it to his home Mr . and Mrs . Geerts, who represent the Française . where a backyard tent helps accommodate Netherlands in Canada, still have children “I do a weekly session, one-on-one,” guests . at home, so while the ambassadorial home says Geerts, who blames his French rusti- “I like doing it at the residence because provides a setting for many official func- ness on a Washington posting . “It’s to get I think it’s more personal,” Mr . Geerts tions, it’s also a family home with two fluency and vocabulary . It makes your says . daughters and two dogs . brain work in a different way .” The main floor features a large living And the home also serves as a multi-cli- Entertaining is a big part of any diplo- room, with red walls and three big pho- ent study headquarters . Lisa, 17, is away mat’s home life, and this Netherlands post tographs by Dutch conceptual artist Jan at McGill, taking psychology and political is no different . Mr . Geerts figures they host Dibbets . Across the hall, there’s a smaller science, perhaps to become a diplomat like a function — lunch, dinner or cocktails reception room . Both areas are filled with her dad, but she gets home during school — at least twice a week and they have an Dutch crafts and furnishings, the smaller breaks and also every few weekends . excellent place for it . Once the digs of a one with a custom-made Dutch rug and

72 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN residences|DELIGHTS

a repeat of the entryway’s chandelier by Dutch designer Brand van Egmond, whose fixtures are available in Canada . Modern art and 19th-century Flemish pieces come together seamlessly in the home and every piece is Dutch, some from the ambassador’s personal collection and others owned by his government . The dining room features a line drawing of Queen Beatrix by Jeroen Henneman and a cheerful, Andy Warholesque painting by Kitty van der Meer that depicts tulips, the symbol of friendship between Canada and the Netherlands . On this day, both Twinkle, a golden lab who joined the family in Washington, and Sally the beagle, a Canadian acquisition, greet visitors politely . Sally was promised to the girls to sweeten the deal of coming to Ottawa nearly three years ago . “It’s called bribery,” the ambassador says with a laugh . “We got the dog before the furniture arrived,” Mrs . Geerts adds . The last two rooms on the main floor WI L S O N ph o t s DYANNE are a family room — the site of the Rock Wim and Thea Geerts in the grand foyer of their home; Sally the beagle stands watch Band championships — and the kitchen, over an interesting photo of a painting of the building where the prime minister’s office where their cook and housekeeper pre- is, and where Mr. Geerts used to work. pares meals . Although she doesn’t live with the family, this dual-talented lady can use a suite in the basement when par- Designer showroom & professional ties go too late . Upstairs, there are five workroom on premises Artful bedrooms and a study . interiors The home suits Mr . Geerts . “A residence is a good place to bring people together and I see one of my roles as being an honest broker, uniting people and ideas .” He also likes that the residence features Dutch art and design . “Unfortunately, I don’t have any Van Goghs here,” Mr . Geerts says, but notes there will be plenty at the National Gal- lery next summer, under the patronage of Queen Beatrix . And, of course, the Tulip Festival is just around the corner . It began after the royal family sent bulbs from their 1134 Bank Street homeland to Canada as a thank-you both (near Sunnyside) for their stay in Ottawa during the Second COMMITTED TO QUALITY 613.730.9090 World War, and for the sacrifice of Cana- INSPIRED BY DESIGN www.elitedraperies.ca dian troops who liberated their country . The festival and enduring friendship • Custom window coverings • Shutters • Blinds • Furniture between Canada and the Netherlands • Upholstery • Slipcovers • Bedcoverings • Hardware make Mr . Geerts’ job a pleasure, he says . “We’ve been here for two-and-a-half Elite's talented team of designers and technicians can years and it’ll be four or five in total,” he says . “But I’d love to add four or five take on any project of any scale — from expertly handcrafted more . It’s a great posting, a beautiful draperies to interior design to complete custom home country .” COMMITTEDrenovations. TO QUALITY Elite has the depth of experience and capabilities INSPIRED BY DESIGN Jennifer Campbell is Diplomat’s editor . to make your dream project a reality. Regular residences contributor Margo Roston will return in July .

diplomat and international canada 73 DELIGHTS|envoy’s album

1. 2.

5. 3.

4. 1. Liv Shaughnessy shows off a sculpture by artist Marit Helen Akslen at a Karsh-Masson Gallery exhi- bition presented, in part, by the Norwegian Embassy. The sculpture is made from 250 men's shirt col- lars. (Photo: Ulle Baum) 2. Sam Toma, left, and his wife, Yumiko Tsunakawa, second from right, hosted a reception for Ballet Jorgen Canada at their Orleans home. Japanese Ambassador Kaoru Ishikawa, right, and his wife, Masako Ishikawa, attended. (Photo: Frank Scheme) 3. The embassies of Norway, Sweden and Finland put on Rideau Hall’s Great Nordic Experience in January and Gov. Gen. David Johnston (centre, in navy) participated, along with Norwegian Ambassador Else Berit Eikeland (centre in white). (Photo: Ulle Baum) 4. Brunei High Commissioner Rakiah Lamit with Kenneth Macartney, director general of the South, Southeast Asia and Oceania Bureau at DFAIT, at her national day reception at the Chateau Laurier. (Photo: Sam Garcia) 5. Australian High Commissioner Justin Brown with Fen Hampson, director of the Norman Paterson School of International Affairs, at Australia’s national day reception at the National Arts Centre.

74 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN envoy’s album|DELIGHTS

4. 1. Greek Ambassador Eleftherios Anghelopoulos (centre) and his economic counsellor Pelagia Sousio- poulou, right, with Betti, Eleni and Samantha Bakopoulos, three Greek sisters who wrote the cookbook 3 Sisters Around the Greek Table. They attended a lunch at Aroma Meze restaurant, featuring Greek food. 2. Austrian Ambassador Werner Brandstetter and his wife, Leonie Marie Viennese Opera Ball. (Photo: Dyanne Wilson) 3. David Lee, representative of the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office, right, hosted Taiwan Night at the Chateau Laurier. Immigration Minister Jason Kenney presented a letter of greeting to Mr. Lee. 4. German diplomat Manfred Auster, and EU diplomat Maurizio Cellini attended the Jean Monnet Chair seminar at the University of Ottawa. (Photo: Ulle Baum) 5. The 5th annual Diplomatic Ski Day took place at Camp Fortune thanks to the Slovenian embassy, Ottawa Dip- lomatic Association, Parliament of Canada, Office of Protocol, National Capital Commission and spon- sors. Although the event involved hundreds of people and concentrated on downhill skiing, Czech Ambassador Karel Zebrakovsky took in a little cross-country that day. (Photo: Markéta Zebrakovska Smatlanova)

diplomat and international canada 75 DELIGHTS|envoy’s album

1. 2.

5. 3.

4. 1. U.S. Ambassador David Jacobson, left, attended the annual Politics and the Pen dinner, as did former environment Minister Jim Prentice and his wife, Karen. (Photo: Dyanne Wilson) 2. Lithuanian Ambassador Ginte Damusis hosted a national day reception at the National Arts Centre. Trade Min- ister Peter Van Loan attended. (Photo: Ulle Baum) 3. The Canadian Federation of University Women host weekly snowshoeing throughout the winter. Shown, from left, Sheryl Pacey, and, from Japan, Asako Takano, Mariko Sekiguchi, Shizue Iwase, and Masako Ishikawa. (Photo: Ulle Baum) 4. To mark Iran’s national day and the anniversary of the victory of the Islamic revolution, head of mission Kambiz Sheikh Hassani hosted a reception. He’s shown with his wife, Mahnaz. (Photo: Sam Garcia) 5. Estonians across Canada were able to vote in that country’s parliamentary election, thanks to its national ID-card system. Voters reported to the embassy to insert their card into a reader and then vote. Chargé d’Affaires Riho Kruuv demonstrates. (Photo: Ulle Baum)

76 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN envoy's album|DELIGHTS

1. 2.

5. Japanese Ambassador Kaoru Ishikawa hosted the Canada-Japan Literary Awards. From left, Mr. Ishikawa; recipients Masako Fukawa and Stanley Fukawa, and John Goldsmith, of the Canada Council for the Arts. (Photo: Patrick Doyle) 2. British High Commissioner Andrew Pocock, shown with Jennifer MacIntyre, of DFAIT, hosted a reception to mark the beginning of his tour in Canada. 3. Julie Pocock and Jamieson Weetman, deputy director for West and Central Africa (DFAIT), at the same event. 4. The Hungarian embassy presented a piano recital to mark the Hungarian presidency of the European Union. EU Ambassador Matthias Brinkmann, left, and Tamas Kiraly, then-Hungarian chargé d'affaires, attended. (Photo: Ulle Baum) 5. Mexican Ambassador Francisco Barrio Terrazas co-hosted a lunch with the regional office of Mexico’s tourism board, after UNESCO named traditional Mexican cuisine an “intangible cultural heritage of humanity.” 6. Guomei Yin, wife of Chinese Ambassador Junsai Zhang, hosted a fashion show on the 100th anniversary of International Women’s Day. Rui Wang, left, and Jiang Tuan wear traditional Chinese clothing. (Photo: Zhang Dacheng/Xinhua)

diplomat and international canada 77

New Arrivals|dignitaries

New heads of mission

Andrew Pocock years later, he returned to headquarters ing chief accountant for Guyana Airways High Commissioner for Britain when he worked in North American and Corporation . Later, he served as executive Oceanian affairs . For two years, between director of the social impact amelioration Mr . Pocock began his diplomatic career in 1988 and 1990, he studied at the Fletcher program and as a project manager for the 1981 . He was sent to Nigeria in 1983 and School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts poor rural communities support services returned to headquarters in 1986 as head University and then he returned to head- project . of the African department . quarters as second secretary . He was then In 2005, he joined the political sphere In 1988, he went to Washington as first sent to Sydney, Australia, where he served as minister of transport and hydraulics secretary, returning to London four years as consul for four years in the consulate and was named minister of housing and later . In 1994, he became deputy head of general, before again returning to North water one year later . In 2008, he served as the South Asia department and then spent American and Oceanian affairs . He re- ambassador to Brazil . a year as a counselor, on loan to the Royal turned to Australia as counselor before Mr . Nawbatt is married and has three College of Defence Studies . becoming ambassador in the Fiji Islands . children . In 1997, a new posting took him to Aus- After three more years at headquarters, tralia for three years before returning to he served as ambassador in Australia after László Pordány England . In 2003, he began his first ambas- which he became ambassador to Canada, Ambassador of Hungary sadorial posting as high commissioner to in late 2010 . Tanzania . From 2006 to 2009, he was high Mr . Zhang is married and has one commissioner to Zimbabwe . He spent a daughter . year as director for the African department before being sent to Canada . Harry Narine Nawbatt Mr . Pocock's wife, Julie, is also a dip- High Commissioner for Guyana lomat . Mr . Nawbatt completed a bachelor’s Junsai Zhang degree with a major in accounting at the Ambassador of China University of Guyana . His first job was as a teacher at a primary school in Guyana Mr . Zhang graduated from Beijing’s for- and then he moved on to become chief eign studies university and joined the accountant in the accountant general’s foreign service . His first foreign posting department at the ministry of finance . He came in 1979 when he became an attaché then became the principal auditor in the Mr . Pordány comes to diplomacy from the at the embassy in New Zealand . Four office of the auditor general before becom- field of education and also from politics . He

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diplomat and international canada 79 DIGNITARIES|NEW ARRIVALS

began his career as a high school teacher, Udomphol Ninnad soon moving to the university setting as an Ambassador of Thailand assistant professor at Szeged University in 1970, becoming a full professor at Szeged Teacher Training College in 1989 . Mr . Pordány was also an agent for change in Hungary, having participated in its bloodless revolution in the 1980s . He was a founding member of the Hungarian Democratic Forum, the party that won the country’s first elections in 1990 and was first chairman of its Szeged branch from 1989 to 1990 . From 1990 to 1994, he was ambassador to Australia and New Her first job, which she held for three Zealand and from 1999 to 2003, he was years, was as chief executive officer of the ambassador to South Africa with cross- Women’s Coalition of South Africa . She appointments to five other countries in then became co-director at MMI Consul- the region . tant, where she stayed until 2006 . Since Mr . Ninnad joined the ministry of foreign Mr . Pordány is married and has one 2005, she has owned Afro Boho Chique, affairs in 1977 and had his first posting, child, and one grandchild . He speaks Eng- a company that produces designer cloth- to the embassy in Brussels, in 1983 . He lish, German and some Russian . ing and school uniforms from recycled returned to headquarters in 1987 and rose materials . to the position of first secretary before Mohau Pheko Ms Pheko has served as an expert for being sent on posting to Korea in 1990 . High Commissioner for South Africa such organizations as the United Nations Three years later, he did a three-year stint Economic Commission for Africa (UN- in the department of East Asian affairs at Ms Pheko began her carrier in 1995 after ECA), the African Union, the European headquarters before becoming minister- extensive studies that included obtaining Parliament and Commission and the counselor in Argentina . He returned to bachelor’s degrees in both economics and World Trade Organization . headquarters in 2000, working in the office nursing in the u .S . and then a master’s She is single, has two daughters and of the permanent secretary . In 2003, he degree in international health from New speaks five languages, namely English, became bureau chief of policy and plan- York Medical College . Nyanja, Sesotho, Swahili and Zulu . ning in the same office and then director

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80 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN NEW ARRIVALS | DIGNITARIES

Non-heads of mission Kenya Poland of the Devawongse Varopakarn Institute Mohamednur Mohamed Jaroslaw Krzysztof Kurek Adan Minister-Counsellor and of Foreign Affairs before being named a First Counsellor Deputy Head of Mission minister at the embassy in Australia . His Enock Ndemo Aroni first ambassadorial posting came in 2007 Second Secretary Russia Sergey Strokov when he became ambassador in Peru . Argentina Egypt Libya Counsellor Mr . Ninnad is married to Yosrin Ninnad . Martin Leonardo Soto Mohmed Ahmed Salama Jamal.A.A. Dalala Second Secretary Ahmed First Secretary Senegal Philip Buxo Gerardo Ezequiel Attaché Meri Ali Meri Moctar Dieye Diallo Bompadre Ghana High commissioner for Trinidad and Tobago Counsellor First Secretary Minister Kwaasi Obeng-Koranteng Adel. B.Sh. Elzaiani Minister Second Secretary Thailand Brazil Nopakhun Luichant Renato Barros De Aguiar Hungary Madagascar First Secretary Leonardi Erzsebet Kovacs Michael Tantely Rarison Second Secretary Third Secretary and Consul Counsellor United Kingdom Paulo Eduardo Borda De Andrew Stewart Arnold C. Silos Iraq Mexico Assistant Naval Attaché First Secretary and Chargé Hamid Kareem Radam Gabriel Jimenez Romero d’Affaires Al-Zaidi Minister United States of America Andre Deponti Afonso Assistant Attaché Thomas, Frederick Allen Second Secretary Myanmar Attaché Israel Yee Mon Khine Daniel William Mylius Burkina Faso Yosef Tal Aviram Second Secretary Attaché Adele Yameogo Second Secretary Yushin Choi Lankoande Nepal Third Secretary and Vice- Attaché Italy Revati Raman Paudel consul Barthelemy Yameogo Roberto Scippa Second Secretary Jon Richard Fisher Minister-Counsellor Attaché Assistant Air Attaché Nigeria China Japan For four years previous to his arrival in Farida Mustafa Abdullahi Zambia Bin Zheng Akihiro Tohi Attaché Bernard Kangwa Canada, Mr . Buxo actually worked for a Third Secretary First Secretary Attaché Canadian company . He was director of the Aidi Yang Noriaki Sadamoto CARICOM region energy and infrastruc- First Secretary First Secretary ture division of SNC-Lavalin, a Canadian Costa Rica engineering and construction firm . In this Natalia Chaves Ballestero job, he worked closely with Canadian Counsellor

Commercial Corporation and Export Croatia Development Canada . Prior to joining Irena Cacic SNC-Lavalin, he was managing director Counsellor and Chargé d’Affaires of Snubbing Services Ltd ., a Mayaro-based company he acquired in 1998 . Cuba Early in his posting in Canada, he es- Yiromi Lamas Gonzalez tablished a consulate general in Toronto Attaché and his intention is to divide his time be- Czech Republic tween Ottawa and Toronto . Jaroslav Remes First Secretary

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diplomat and international canada 81 DELIGHTS|national days

Celebration time... A listing of the national and independence days marked by countries

April

4 Senegal Independence Day

17 Syria National Day

18 Zimbabwe Independence Day

26 Tanzania Union Day

27 Sierra Leone Republic Day

27 South Africa Freedom Day

27 Togo National Day

29 Israel National Day

30 Netherlands Birthday of Her Majesty Queen Beatrix

May

1 Marshall Islands National Day

3 Poland National Day

9 European Union Schuman Day

15 Paraguay Independence Day

17 Norway Constitution Day

20 Cameroon National Day

22 Yemen National Day

24 Eritrea Independence Day

25 Argentina May Revolution

25 Jordan National Day

26 Georgia Independence Day

28 Azerbaijan Republic Day

28 Ethiopia Downfall of the Dergue

June

1 Samoa Independence Day

2 Italy Anniversary of the Foundation of the Republic

4 Tonga Independence Day

5 Denmark Constitution Day

6 Sweden National Day

10 Portugal National Day

12 Philippines National Day

12 Russia National Day

13 United Kingdom Her Majesty the Queen’s Birthday

17 Iceland Proclamation of the Republic

18 O/of Eastern Caribbean States OECS Day

18 Seychelles Constitution Day

Official Celebration of the Birthday of His Royal Highness 23 Luxembourg Grand Duke Henri

25 Croatia National Day

25 Slovenia National Day

25 Mozambique Independence Day

26 Madagascar Independence Day

27 Djibouti National Day

29 Holy See National Day

30 Congo, Democratic Republic Independence Day

82 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN AFGHANISTAN AUSTRIA BENIN BURUNDI c ts Embassy of the Islamic Republic of His Ex . Werner Brandstetter His Ex . Honoré Ahimakin Mrs . Justine Semonde Afghanistan Embassy of the Republic of Austria Embassy of the Republic of Benin Chargé d'Affaires 240 Argyle Street 445 Wilbrod Street 58 Glebe Avenue Embassy of the Republic of Burundi Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1B9 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6M7 Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2C3 325 Dalhousie Street, Suite 815 TEL 563-4223 FAX 563-4962 TEL 789-1444 FAX 789-3431 TEL 233-4429 FAX 233-8952 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7G2 contact@afghanemb-canada .net www .austro .org ambaben@benin .ca TEL 789-0414 FAX 789-9537 www .afghanemb-canada .net ambabottawa@yahoo .ca AZERBAIJAN BOLIVIA www .ambabucanada .com

ALBANIA His Ex . Farid Shafiyev His Ex . Edgar Torrez Mosqueira con ta His Ex . Besnik Konci Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan Embassy of the Republic of Bolivia CAMEROON Embassy of the Republic of Albania 275 Slater Street, Suite 904-C 130 Albert Street, Suite 416 His Ex . Solomon Azoh-Mbi Anu’a- 130 Albert Street, Suite 302 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H9 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Gheyle Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 TEL 288-0497 FAX 230-8089 TEL 236-5730 FAX 236-8237 High Commission for the Republic TEL 236-4114 FAX 236-0804 info@emboliviacanada .com of Cameroon embassyofalbania@on .aibn .com BAHAMAS www .emboliviacanada .com 170 Clemow Avenue His Ex . Michael D . Smith Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2B4 ALGERIA Bahamas High Commission BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA TEL 236-1522 FAX 236-3885 His Ex . Smail Benamara 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 1313 Her Ex . Biljana Gutic-Bjelica cameroon@rogers .com Embassy of the People’s Democratic Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina www .hc-cameroon-ottawa .org Republic of Algeria TEL . 232-1724 FAX 232-0097 130 Albert Street, Suite 805 500 Wilbrod Street ottawa-mission@bahighco .com Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 CHILE Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N2 http://bahamas .com TEL 236-0028 FAX 236-1139 His Ex . Roberto Ibarra García TEL 789-8505 FAX 789-1406 embassyofbih@bellnet .ca Embassy of the Republic of Chile www .embassyalgeria .ca/eng .htm BANGLADESH www .bhembassy .ca 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 1413

His Ex . A .M . Yakub Ali Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 i c d i plomat ANGOLA High Commission for the People’s BRAZIL TEL 235-9940 FAX 235-1176 Embassy of the Republic of Angola Republic of Bangladesh Embassy of the Federative Republic echileca@chile .ca 189 Laurier Avenue East 340 Albert St ., Suite 1250 of Brazil www .chile .ca Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6P1 Ottawa, Ontario, K1R 7Y6 450 Wilbrod Street TEL 234-1152 FAX 234-1179 TEL 236-0138 FAX 567-3213 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6M8 CHINA info@embangola-can .org bangla@rogers .com TEL 237-1090 FAX 237-6144 His Ex . Junsai Zhang www .embangola-can .org www .bdhc .org mailbox@brasembottawa .org Embassy of the People’s Republic of China ARGENTINA BARBADOS BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 515 St . Patrick Street His Ex . Arturo Bothamley His Ex . Edward Evelyn Greaves Her Ex . Rakiah Haji Abdul Lamit Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5H3 Embassy of the Argentine Republic High Commission for Barbados High Commission for Brunei TEL . 789-3434 FAX 789-1911 81 Metcalfe Street 7th Floor 55 Metcalfe St ., Suite 470 Darussalam www .chinaembassycanada .org Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6K7 Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6L5 395 Laurier Avenue East TEL 236-2351 FAX 235-2659 TEL 236-9517 FAX 230-4362 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6R4 COLOMBIA embargentina@argentina-canada .net ottawa@foreign .gov .bb TEL 234-5656 FAX 234-4397 Her Ex . Clemencia Furero Ucros www .argentina-canada .net bhco@bellnet .ca Embassy of the Republic of Colombia BELARUS 360 Albert Street, Suite 1002 ARMENIA Embassy of the Republic of Belarus BULGARIA Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7X7 Mr . Arman Akopian 130 Albert Street, Suite 600 His Ex . Evgueni Stoytchev TEL 230-3760 FAX 230-4416 Chargé d’Affaires Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria embajada@embajadacolombia .ca Embassy of the Republic of Armenia TEL 233-9994 FAX 233-8500 325 Stewart Street www .embajadacolombia .ca 7 Delaware Avenue belamb@igs .net Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6K5 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0Z2 TEL 789-3215 FAX 789-3524 CONGO (ZAIRE) TEL 234-3710 FAX 234-3444 BELGIUM embgottawa@hotmail .com His Ex . Dominique Kilufya Kamfwa armcanadaembassy@mfa .com Hi Ex . Bruno van der Pluijm Embassy of the Democratic Republic www .armembassycanada .ca Embassy of Belgium BURKINA FASO of the Congo 360 Albert Street, Suite 820 Her Ex . Juliette Bonkoungou 18 Range Road AUSTRALIA Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7X7 Embassy of Burkina Faso Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J3 His Ex . Justin Hugh Brown TEL 236-7267 FAX 236-7882 48 Range Road TEL 230-6391 FAX 230-1945 Australian High Commission ottawa@diplobel .fed .be Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 50 O’Connor, Suite 710 www .diplomatie .be/ottawa TEL 238-4796 FAX 238-3812 COSTA RICA Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 burkina .faso@sympatico .ca His Ex . Luis Carlos Delgado Murillo TEL 236-0841 FAX 236-4376 www .ambaburkina-canada .org Embassy of the Republic of Costa Rica www .canada .embassy .gov .au 325 Dalhousie Street, Suite 407 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7G2 TEL . 562-2855 FAX 562-2582 embcrica@travel-net .com www .costaricaembassy .com

diplomat and international canada 83 c ts CÔTE D’IVOIRE ESTONIA GUINEA IRAN Embassy of the Republic of Mr . Riho Kruuv Embassy of the Republic of Guinea Mr . Kambiz Sheikh Hassani Côte d’Ivoire Chargé d’Affaires 483 Wilbrod Street Chargé d'Affaires 9 Marlborough Avenue Embassy of the Republic of Estonia Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N1 Embassy of the Islamic Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8E6 260 Dalhousie Street, Suite 210 TEL . 789-8444 FAX 789-7560 Republic of Iran TEL . 236-9919 FAX 563-8287 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7E4 ambassadedeguinee@bellnet .ca 245 Metcalfe Street acica@ambaci-ottawa .org TEL . 789-4222 FAX 789-9555 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2K2 www .ambaci-ottawa .org embassy .ottawa@mfa .ee GUYANA TEL . 235-4726 FAX 232-5712 www .estemb .ca His Ex . Harry Narine Nawbatt iranemb@salamiran .org con ta CROATIA High Commission for the Republic www .salamiran .org Embassy of the Republic of Croatia EUROPEAN UNION of Guyana 229 Chapel Street His Excellency Matthias Brinkmann 151 Slater Street, Suite 309 IRAQ Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7Y6 Delegation of the European Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 His Ex . Abdulrahman Mohammed TEL . 562-7820 FAX 562-7821 Commission to Canada TEL . 235-7249 FAX 235-1447 Al-Hussaini Croatia .emb@mvpei .hr 150 Metcalfe St . Suite 1900 Embassy of the Republic of Iraq www .croatiaemb .net Ottawa, ON K2P1P1 HAITI 215 McLeod Street TEL . 238-6464 FAX 238-5191 Ms . Marie Nathalie Menos-Gissel Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0Z8 CUBA delegation-canada@ec .europa .eu Chargé d’Affaires TEL . 236-9177 FAX 236-9641 Her Ex . Teresita de Jesús Vicente www .delcan .ec .europa .eu Embassy of the Republic of Haiti media@iraqembassy .ca Sotolongo 130 Albert Street, Suite 1500 www .iraqembassy .ca Embassy of the Republic of Cuba FINLAND Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 388 Main Street His Ex . Risto Ensio Piipponen TEL . 238-1628 FAX 238-2986 IRELAND Ottawa, Ontario K1S 1E3 Embassy of the Republic of Finland bohio@sympatico .ca His Ex . John Raymond Bassett TEL . 563-0141 FAX 563-0068 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 850 Embassy of Ireland cuba@embacuba .ca Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L5 HOLY SEE 130 Albert Street, Suite 1105 i c d i plomat www .embacuba .ca TEL . 288-2233 FAX 288-2244 His Ex . Pedro Lopez Quintana Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 embassy@finland .ca Apostolic Nunciature TEL . 233-6281 FAX 233-5835 CZECH REPUBLIC 724 Manor Avenue Ottawaembassy@dfa .ie His Ex. Karel Žebrakovský FRANCE Ottawa, Ontario K1M 0E3 www .embassyofireland .ca Embassy of the Czech Republic Embassy of France TEL . 746-4914 FAX 746-4786 251 Cooper Street 42 Sussex Drive ISRAEL Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0G2 Ottawa, Ontario K1M 2C9 HONDURAS Her Ex . Miriam Ziv TEL . 562-3875 FAX 562-3878 TEL . 789-1795 FAX 562-3735 Her Ex . Sofia Lastenia Cerrato Embassy of Israel ottawa@embassy .mzv .cz www .ambafrance-ca .org Rodriguez 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 1005 Embassy of the Republic of Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 DENMARK GABON Honduras TEL . 567-6450 FAX 567-9878 His Ex . Erik Vilstrup Lorenzen Embassy of the Gabonese Republic 151 Slater Street, Suite 805 info@ottawa .mfa .gov .il Royal Danish Embassy 4 Range Road, P .O . Box 368 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 www .embassyofIsreal .ca 47 Clarence Street, Suite 450 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J5 TEL . 233-8900 FAX 232-0193 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9K1 TEL . 232-5301 FAX 232-6916 ITALY TEL . 562-1811 FAX 562-1812 ambgabon@sprint .ca HUNGARY His Ex . Andrea Meloni ottamb@um .dk His Ex . László Pordány Embassy of the Italian Republic www .ambottawa .um .dk GERMANY Embassy of the Republic of 275 Slater Street, 21st Floor His Ex . Georg Witschel Hungary Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H9 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Embassy of the Federal Republic of 299 Waverley Street TEL . 232-2401 FAX 233-1484 His Ex . Jose Del Carmen Urena Germany Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0V9 ambital@italyincanada .com Embassy of the Dominican Republic 1 Waverley Street TEL . 230-2717 FAX 230-7560 www .italyincanada .com 130 Albert Street, Suite 418 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0T8 www .mfa .gov .hu/emb/ottawa Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 TEL . 232-1101 FAX 594-9330 mission .ott@kum .hu JAMAICA TEL . 569-9893 FAX 569-8673 info@otta .diplo .de Her Ex . Sheila Ivoline Sealy- www .drembassy .org http:/www .ottawa .diplo .de ICELAND Monteith Her Excellency Sigridur Anna 151 Slater Street, Suite 1000 ECUADOR GHANA Thordardottir Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5H3 His Excellency Franklin Chávez His Ex . Richard Benjamin Turkson Embassy of Iceland TEL . 233-9311 FAX 233-0611 Embassy of the Republic of Ecuador High Commission for the Republic 360 Albert Street, Suite 710 hc@jhcottawa .ca 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 316 of Ghana Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7X7 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 153 Gilmour Street TEL . 482-1944 FAX 482-1945 JAPAN TEL . 563-4286 FAX 235-5776 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0N8 icemb .ottawa@utn .stjr .is His Ex . Kaoru Ishikawa TEL . 236-0871 FAX 236-0874 WEB: www .iceland .org .ca Embassy of Japan EGYPT ghanacom@ghc-ca .com 255 Sussex Drive His Ex . Wael Ahmed Kamal Aboul www .ghc-ca .com INDIA Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9E6 Magd His Ex . Shashishekhar M . Gavai TEL . 241-8541 FAX 241-2232 Embassy of the Arab Republic of Egypt GREECE High Commission for the Republic infocul@embjapan .ca 454 Laurier Avenue East His Ex . Eleftherios Anghelopoulos of India www .ca .emb-japan .go .jp Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6R3 Embassy of the Hellenic Republic 10 Springfield Road TEL . 234-4931 FAX 234-4398 80 MacLaren Street, Suite 76 Ottawa, Ontario K1M 1C9 JORDAN egyptemb@sympatico .ca Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0K6 TEL . 744-3751 FAX 744-0913 His Ex . Basheer Fawwaz Zoubi www .mfa .gov .eg TEL . 238-6271 FAX 238-5676 hicomind@hciottawa .ca Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom embassy@greekembassy .ca www .hciottawa .ca of Jordan EL SALVADOR www .greekembassy .ca 100 Bronson Avenue, Suite 701 Embassy of the Republic of El Salvador INDONESIA Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6G8 209 Kent Street GUATEMALA Her Ex . Dienne H . Moehario TEL . 238-8090 FAX 232-3341 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1Z8 His Excellency Georges de La Roche Embassy of the Republic of TEL . 238-2939 FAX 238-6940 Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia KAZAKHSTAN embajada@elsalvador-ca .org Guatemala 55 Parkdale Avenue His Ex . Yerlan Abildayev 130 Albert Street, Suite 1010 Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 1E5 Embassy of the Republic of Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 TEL . 724-1100 FAX 724-1105 Kazakhstan TEL . 233-7237 FAX 233-0135 info@indonesia-ottawa .org 56 Hawthorne Avenue embassy1@embaguate-canada .com www .indonesia-ottawa .org Ottawa, ON K1S 0B1 www .embaguate-canada .com TEL 788-3704 FAX 788-3702

84 | EMBASSIES | HIGH COMMISSIONS ‑ | OTHER INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN KENYA MADAGASCAR NEW ZEALAND PERU c ts His Ex . Simon Wanyonyi Nabukwesi His . Ex . Simon Constant Horace His Ex . Andrew Needs His Ex . José Antonio Bellina High Commission for the Republic Embassy of the Republic of New Zealand High Commission Embassy of the Republic of Peru of Kenya Madagascar 99 Bank Street, Suite 727 130 Albert Street, Suite 1901 415 Laurier Avenue East 3 Raymond Street Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6G3 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6R4 Ottawa, Ontario K1R 1A3 TEL . 238-5991 FAX 238-5707 TEL . 238-1777 FAX 232-3062 TEL . 563-1773 FAX 233-6599 TEL: 567-0505 FAX 567-2882 info@nzhcottawa .org emperuca@bellnet .ca kenyahighcommission@rogers .com ambamadcanada@bellnet .ca www .nzembassy .com/canada www .kenyahighcommission .ca www .madagascar-embassy .ca PHILIPPINES

NIGER Embassy of the Republic of the con ta KOREA, REPUBLIC MALAYSIA Her Ex . Nana Aicha Foumakoye Philippines His Excellency Chan Ho Ha High Commission for Malaysia Embassy of the Republic of the 130 Albert Street, Suite 606 Embassy of the Republic of Korea 60 Boteler Street Niger Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 150 Boteler Street Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8Y7 38 Blackburn Avenue TEL . 233-1121 FAX 233-4165 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5A6 TEL . 241-5182 FAX 241-5214 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8A3 embassyofphilippines@rogers .com TEL . 244-5010 FAX 244-5034 malottawa@kln .gov .my TEL . 232-4291 FAX 230-9808 www .philippineembassy .ca www .emb-korea .ottawa .on .ca MALI NIGERIA POLAND KUWAIT His Ex . Mamadou Bandiougou Ex . Iyorwuese Hagher His Ex . Zenon Kosiniak-Kamysz His Ex . Ali Al-Sammak Diawara High Commission for the Federal Embassy of the Republic of Poland Embassy of the State of Kuwait Embassy of the Republic of Mali Republic of Nigeria 443 Daly Avenue 333 Sussex Drive 50 Goulburn Avenue 295 Metcalfe Street Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6H3 Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 1J9 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8C8 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1R9 TEL . 789-0468 FAX 789-1218 TEL . 780-9999 FAX 780-9905 TEL . 232-1501 FAX 232-7429 Tel . 236-0521 Fax 236-0529 Ottawa@polishembassy .ca ambassadedumali@rogers .com

LATVIA www .ambamalicanada .org NORWAY PORTUGAL i c d i plomat His Ex . Mar`gers Krams Her Ex . Else Berit Eikeland His Ex . Pedro Moitinho de Almeida Embassy of the Republic of Latvia MEXICO Royal Norwegian Embassy Embassy of Portugal 350 Sparks Street, Suite 1200 His Ex . Francisco Javier Barrio 150 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1300 645 Island Park Drive Ottawa, Ontario, K1R 7S8 Terrazas Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1 Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 0B8 TEL . 238-6014 FAX 238-7044 Embassy of the United Mexican TEL . 238-6571 FAX 238-2765 TEL . 729-0883 FAX 729-4236 embassy .canada@mfa .gov .lv States emb .ottawa@mfa .no embportugal@embportugal/ottawa .org www .ottawa .mfa .gov .lv 45 O’Connor Street, Suite 1000 www .emb-norway .ca Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1A4 ROMANIA LEBANON TEL . 233-8988 FAX 235-9123 O/OF EASTERN CARIBBEAN Her Ex . Elena Stefoi Embassy of Lebanon info@embamexcan .com STATES Embassy of Romania 640 Lyon Street www .embamexcan .com His Ex . Brendon Browne 655 Rideau Street Ottawa, Ontario K1S 3Z5 High Commission for the Countries Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6A3 TEL . 236-5825 FAX 232-1609 MONGOLIA of the Organization of Eastern TEL . 789-3709 FAX 789-4365 info@lebanonembassy .ca His Ex . His Ex . Zalaa Uul Caribbean States Romania@romanian-embassy .com www .lebanonembassy .ca Tundevdorj 130 Albert Street, Suite 700 http://ottawa .mae .ro Embassy of Mongolia Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 LESOTHO 151 Slater Street, Suite 503 TEL . 236-8952 FAX 236-3042 RUSSIA Her Ex . Mathabo Theresia Tsepa Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 echcc@oecs .org His Ex . Georgiy Mamedov High Commission for the Kingdom TEL . 569-3830 FAX 569-3916 www .oecs .org/ottawa Embassy of the Russian Federation of Lesotho mail@mongolembassy .org 285 Charlotte Street 130 Albert Street, Suite 1820 PAKISTAN Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8L5 Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 MOROCCO His Ex . Akbar Zeb TEL . 235-4341 FAX 236-6342 Tel: 234-0770 Fax: 234-5665 Her Ex . Nouzha Chekrouni High Commission for the Islamic info@rusembassy .ca Embassy of the Kingdom of Republic of Pakistan www .rusembassy .ca LIBYA Morocco 10 Range Road His Ex . Abdulrahman Abututa 38 Range Road Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J3 RWANDA Embassy of the Great Socialist Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 TEL . 238-7881 FAX 238-7296 Her Ex . Edda Mukabagwiza People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya TEL . 236-7391 FAX 236-6164 parepottawa@rogers .com High Commission for the Republic 81 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1000 of Rwanda Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6K7 MYANMAR PALESTINE 121 Sherwood Drive TEL . 230-0919 FAX 230-0683 Aung Ba Kyu Mr . Amin Abou-Hassira Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 3V1 info@libya-canada .org Charge d'Affaires Head of the General Delegation Phone: 569-5420/22/24 Embassy of the Union of Myanmar 45 Country Club Dr ., Fax : 569-5421/5423 LITHUANIA 85 Range Road, Suite 902 Ottawa, Ontario generalinfo@ambarwaottawa .ca Her Ex . Ginte Damusis Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J6 K1V 9W1 www .ambarwaottawa .ca Embassy of the Republic of TEL . 232-9990 FAX 232-6999 TEL: 736-0053 Lithuania meottawa@rogers .com FAX: 736-0535 SAUDI ARABIA 150 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1600 palestinegd@rogers .com His Ex . Osamah Bin Ahmad Al Ottawa, ON K2P 1P1 nepal Sanosi Ahmad TEL . 567-5458 FAX 567-5315 His Ex . Bhoj Raj Ghimire PANAMA Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia ginte damusis@lithuanianembassy. .ca Chargé d'Affaires His Ex . Francisco Carlo Escobar 201 Sussex Drive www .lithuanianembassy .ca Embassy of Nepal Embassy of the Republic of Panama Ottawa, ON K1N 1K6 408 Queen Street 130 Albert Street, Suite 300 Tel 237-4100 Fax 237-0567 MACEDONIA (REPUBLIC OF) Ottawa, ON K1R 5A7 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 His Ex . Ljuben Tevdovski TEL 680-5513 FAX 422-5149 TEL . 236-7177 FAX 236-5775 SENEGAL Embassy of the Republic embassyof panama@gmail .com His . Ex . Amadou Tidiane Wone of Macedonia NETHERLANDS Embassy of the Republic of Senegal 130 Albert Street, Suite 1006 His Ex . Wilhelmus j . P . Geerts PARAGUAY 57 Marlborough Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Embassy of the Kingdom of the His Ex . Manuel Schaerer Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8E8 TEL . 234-3882 FAX 233-1852 Netherlands Kanonnikoff TEL . 238-6392 FAX 238-2695 350 Albert Street, Suite 2020 Embassy of the Republic of Info@ambsencanada .org Ottawa, Ontario K1R 1A4 Paraguay TEL . 237-5030 FAX 237-6471 151 Slater Street, Suite 501 Ott-cdp@minbuza .nl Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 TEL . 567-1283 FAX 567-1679 consularsection@ embassyofparaguay .ca

diplomat and international canada | EMBASSIES | HIGH COMMISSIONS ‑ | OTHER INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES 85 85 diplomatic contacts 86 TEL . 235-4000 FAX 235-6880 Ottawa, OntarioK1N6K8 354 StewartStreet Embassy oftheRepublicSudan SUDAN www slhcit@rogers .com TEL . 233-8449 FAX 238-8448 Ottawa, OntarioK1P 1C1 333 Laurier Avenue West, Suite1204 of SriLanka Democratic SocialistRepublic High Commission for the Her Ex.ChitranganeeWagiswara SRI LANKA www embespca@mail .maees TEL . 747-2252 FAX 744-1224 Ottawa, OntarioK1M1P4 AvenueStanley 74 Embassy oftheKingdomSpain His Ex.Eudaldo Mirapeix SPAIN www rsafrica@southafrica-canada .ca TEL . 744-0330 FAX 741-1639 Ottawa, OntarioK1M1M8 15 SussexDrive South Africa of High Commission for theRepublic Her Ex.MohauPheko SOUTH AFRICA http://ottawa .veleposlanistvosi/ vot@gov TEL . 565-5781 FAX 565-5783 Ottawa, OntarioK1P 1P1 150 MetcalfeStreet, Suite2200 Embassy oftheRepublicSlovenia Ex .Tomaz Kunstelj SLOVENIA www emb .ottawa@mzv TEL . 749-4442 FAX 749-4989 Ottawa, OntarioK1M2A1 50 RideauTerrace Embassy oftheSlovakRepublic His Ex.MilanKollár SLOVAK REPUBLIC www generalinfo@serbianembassy TEL . 233-6289 FAX 233-7850 Ottawa, OntarioK1N8A2 Blackburn Avenue17 Embassy oftheRepublicSerbia His Ex.ZoranVeljic SERBIA .srilankahcottawaorg .embaspainca .southafrica-canadaca .mzv .serbianembassy .si | EMBASSIES | .sk/ottawa .sk .ca

HIGH COMMISSIONS ‑|

.ca ottawa@ttmissions .com TEL . 232-2418 FAX 232-4349 Ottawa, OntarioK1S2G6 200 First Avenue, Third Level of Trinidad andTobago High Commission for theRepublic His Ex.PhilipBuxo TRINIDAD ANDTOBAGO TEL . 238-5916 FAX 235-6425 Ottawa, OntarioK1N8J3 12 Rangeoad Embassy oftheTogolese Republic TOGO thaiott@magma .ca TEL . 722-4444 FAX 722-6624 Ottawa, OntarioK1Y 0A2 180 IslandParkDrive The RoyalThaiEmbassy His Ex.Udomphol THAILAND www tzottawa@synapse .ca TEL . 232-1509 FAX 232-5184 Ottawa, OntarioK1N8J4 50 Rangeoad Republic ofTanzania High Commission for theUnited His Ex. Alex Crescent Massinda TANZANIA publicaffairs@on .aibncom TEL . 231-5080 FAX 231-7112 Ottawa, OntarioK1P 1A4 45 O’ConnorStreet, Suite1960 David Tawei Lee,Representative TAIPEI Economic & Culturaloffice www TEL . 569-5556 FAX 569-3800 Ottawa, ONK2P 1J3 46 CartierStreet Embassy oftheSyrian Arab Republic SYRIA ott .vertretung@eda .adminch TEL . 235-1837 FAX 563-1394 Ottawa, OntarioK1N8E6 Marlborough Avenue5 Embassy ofSwitzerland His Ex.Werner Baumann SWITZERLAND www Sweden .ottawa@foreign .ministry TEL . 244-8200 FAX 241-2277 Ottawa, OntarioK1N98 377 DalhousieStreet Embassy ofSweden Tauriainen His ExcellencyTeppo Markus SWEDEN .tanzaniahighcommissionca .syrianembassy .swedishembassy

OTHER INTE RNATIONAL REPESENTATIVES Ninnad .ca .ca

.se www Fax: 613-230-1855 Tel: 613-232-0909 Ottawa, OntarioK1P 5G8 280 Albert Street, Suite401 UNHCR epresentative inCanada Ex .Abraham His UN Refugeeagency www TEL . 237-1530 FAX 237-7980 Ottawa, OntarioK1P 5K7 80 ElginStreet British HighCommission His Ex. Andrew Pocock UNITED KINGDOM uae-embassy reception@uae-embassy Consulate FAX: 565-1444 TEL . 565-7272 FAX 565-8007 Ottawa, OntarioK1N0A4 125 BotelerStreet Mutleq Al His Ex.Mohamed Abdulla M.Bin UNITED ARABEMIRATES www emb_ca@ukremb .ca Tel .230-2961Fax230-2400 Ottawa, Ontario,K2P 0J9 310 SomersetStreet, West, Embassy ofUkraine His .ExIhorOstash UKRAINE www uhc@ugandahighcommission .com TEL . 789-7797 FAX 789-8909 Ottawa, OntarioK1N8J2 231 Cobourg Street of Uganda High Commission for theR epublic His Ex.George Marino Abola UGANDA www turkishottawa@mfa .gov TEL . 789-4044 FAX 789-3442 Ottawa, OntarioK1N8L9v 197 Wurtemburg Street Embassy oftheRepublicTurkey His Ex.Rafet Akgünay TURKEY atottawa@comnet .ca TEL . 237-0330 FAX 237-7939 Ottawa, OntarioK1S3P8 515 O’ConnorStreet Embassy oftheRepublicTunisia His Ex.MouldiSakri TUNISIA .unhcr .britainincanadaorg .ukremb .ca .ugandahighcommissionca .turkishembassy Ghafli .ca .com .com .tr .com

| APR-MAY-JUNspring 2011| www visa@zimottawa .com info@zimottawa .com TEL . 421-2824 FAX 422-7403 Ottawa, OntarioK2P 0J9 332 SomersetStreet West Zimbabwe Embassy oftheRepublic Her Ex.Florence ZanoChideya ZIMBABWE TEL . 232-4400 FAX 232-4410 K1B 5H3 Ottawa, Ontario 151 SlaterSt.,Suite205 of Zambia High Commission for theRepublic His Ex.NeversMumba ZAMBIA www TEL . 729-6627 FAX 729-8915 Ottawa, OntarioK1S1V9 Chamberlain Avenue54 Embassy oftheRepublic Yemen His Ex.KhaledMahfoodh Bahah YEMEN TEL . 236-0772 FAX 236-2704 Ottawa, OntarioK1N6M8 470 Wilbrod Street Vietnam Embassy oftheSocialistRepublic His Ex.SyVuong HaLe VIETNAM www TEL . 235-5151 FAX 235-3205 Ottawa, OntarioK1N8J4 32 Rangeoad of Venezuela Embassy oftheBolivarianRepublic VENEZUELA TEL . 234-2727 FAX 233-4670 Ottawa, OntarioK1P 5G4 130 Albert Street, Suite1905 Uruguay Embassy oftheOrientalRepublic Frieri His ExcellencyElbioOscarRosselli URUGUAY www TEL . 238-5335 FAX 688-3088 Ottawa, OntarioK1N1G8 490 SussexDrive America Embassy oftheUnitedStates His Ex.DavidCaryJacobson UNITED STATES OFAMERICA .zimottawacom .yemenembassy .misionvenezuelaorg .usembassycanadagov .ca

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diplomat and international canada 87 DELIGHTS|destinations

An ambassadorial guide to Sweden's best surprises P er M a g n u s erss o

Stockholm, Sweden’s magical capital

By Teppo Tauriainen ture of highways, railways, waterways town charm . It is also an exciting city for and domestic flights, you will make your shopping thanks to the many Swedish way around the country with speed and designers who have made it to the top ease . The universal right to access both in the last decade . Whether it is clothing state and private land (“allemansrätt”) or furniture, decorative objects or useful allows you take a walk in any forest or household items, you will see distinctive a swim in most of the more than 100,000 designs that rarely make it to Canadian lakes as long as you do not intrude on the stores . Hundreds of restaurants and de- privacy of the owners of the land . Whether lightful cafés will please your taste buds you spend a few days or a month, a trip whether you prefer Swedish or interna- to Sweden will be rewarding and memo- tional cuisine . Swedish culinary innova- rable . tion and the international recognition of tretching more than 1,500 kilome- I am very pleased to introduce a few of Swedish chefs have made food a reason tres from its southern to northern the places I would recommend you experi- to travel to Sweden, and to Stockholm in Stips, with a mix of urbanized life ence on your visit to Sweden . particular . After all, Sweden just came in in the south and wilderness in the north second during the recent “world cham- and lovely varying scenery through four et me start with our capital, Stock- pionships” for chefs, Bocuse d’or 2011 in distinctive seasons, every visitor can be holm, which I have come to love, not Lyon . excited by Sweden . Lonly because of its natural beauty Don’t forget to sample a traditional If you love hiking, skiing or boating, but also because of its way of life . It is a bleak roe toast (known as löjrom) . A dis- cultural history, or shopping and culinary bustling cosmopolitan city with a vibrant tinguishing feature of today’s Swedish adventures, satisfaction is almost guaran- entertainment and cultural scene and cuisine is its combination of traditional in- teed . And, using our excellent infrastruc- a backdrop of coastal beauty and old- gredients with a modern and international

88 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN destinations|DELIGHTS Åke E :s o n Lindman

The Vasa Museum in Stockholm showcases the world’s only remaining 17th Century ship and relates the story of her sinking on her maiden voyage as well as the 1960s salvage and subsequent restoration of this artifact-rich warship. flair . In fact, if food is your hobby, you can can be rented at several locations in the ditional reason to visit Stockholm: Join plan your itinerary around one of the in- city centre), boarding one of the many one of the guided walking tours of the ternational restaurant guides — and cover sightseeing boats gives travellers wonder- Stockholm City Museum to follow in the most of Sweden’s top travel destinations . ful perspective, day or night . footsteps of Lisbeth Salander . Surrounded by the Baltic Sea and Lake Among the many shorefront restau- Mälaren, and spreading across 14 different rants and cafés, one of my own favourites aving been born near the Arctic islands, water predominates in Stockholm . is Mälarpaviljongen at Norrmälarstrand . Circle, I truly appreciate the wil- You can even do city fishing for salmon . It's a perfect place for a casual evening Hderness of the Sweden’s north . While the central parts of the city can eas- meal by the water of Lake Mälaren on a Even scarcely-populated areas are still ily be explored by foot and bike (which mild summer evening . Just a few minutes very accessible . And Sweden has her own away from the city is the Stockholm ar- climatic surprises . Thanks to the warm chipelago with more than 24,000 islands . Gulf Stream in the Atlantic Ocean, the cli- Take a short cruise aboard one of the white mate in the north — as well as in the rest boats that weave their way among these of Sweden — is much more pleasant than picturesque islands, stopping to drop off one would imagine by looking at a map . and pick up passengers along the way . In fact, all of Sweden is further north than History is ever-present in Stockholm, James Bay . which was founded more than 700 years A visit to the northern parts of the ago . The old town (“Gamla Stan”) with the country will give you a different image Royal Palace, its medieval buildings and of Sweden both when it comes to nature narrow lanes is the best-preserved medi- and people . There, reindeer are a com- eval city core of Northern Europe . Among mon sight, and restaurants serve fresh fish the city’s many excellent museums, the from the rivers and lakes . And, of course, Museum of Medieval Stockholm is unique among the wild berries are the famous for its fascinating displays . If you only cloudberries, popular for desserts . They have time to visit one museum, though, look like yellow raspberries and you can I would recommend the Vasa Museum . enjoy cloudberry jam right here in Canada It showcases the world’s only remaining in Ikea’s food section . 17th Century ship and relates the story of In the winter, whether you like down- her sinking on her maiden voyage as well hill or cross-country, the skiing is great . as the salvage in the early 1960s and the Åre, Sweden’s most popular skiing resort, B j örn Lind b er g restoration of this artefact-rich warship to is one of the stops on the Alpine World Cloudberries, which look like yellow rasp- her original condition . Cup circuit . And, for a once-in-a-lifetime berries, are popular in desserts such as the Fans of the Stieg Larsson Millennium experience, stay one night at the famous crème caramel seen here. trilogy books and films now have an ad- Ice Hotel in Jukkasjärvi near the northern

diplomat and international canada 89 DELIGHTS|destinations ar g as S H akan V The north of Sweden — in this case, the province of Hälsingland — is equally attractive in winter or in summer. S ti g H ammarstedt There's a ring wall around the city of Visby, which is located on the island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea and is one of the best preserved medieval cities in Scandinavia. gg H enrik T ry

Dining at Mälarpaviljongen in Stockholm.

90 spring 2011 | APR-MAY-JUN destinations|DELIGHTS

city of Kiruna . The hotel is re-built every year with ice from the Torne River . (No, you won’t be cold there, thanks to your warm clothes and bedding and your bedside cup of hot lingonberry juice and morning saunas ). If you are lucky, you might see the fluorescently vivid northern lights, which mostly appear in winter . The north of Sweden is equally attractive in the summer . Trekking in one of the many national parks is ideal for those who really want to witness the beauty and silence of nature unspoiled . The 24-hour daylight, with the midnight sun, adds an extra dimension to any stay in the north . In fact, some visitors stay up all night just to experience the variation of light between evening and morning . If you are a golfer, you can play 24/7 from early June to mid-July at Haparan- da’s bi-national golf course . At one of the holes, you tee-off in Sweden and putt in Finland, one hour later because of the time difference . Or maybe you want to make a stop-over in Harads and stay a night at the newly established Tree Hotel (“Trähotellet”) where you can sleep in cab- ins perched in a tree . Much further south P eter Grant is the region of Dalecarlia (“Dalarna”), For a once-in-a-lifetime experience, visitors can spend a night at the famous Ice Hotel in Jukkasjärvi near the northern city of Kiruna. which some Swedes would describe as the most authentic part of Sweden with its impressively scenic valleys, hills and panoramic views and its traditional red cottages with their white trim . TheThe animals animals n addition to Stockholm, Sweden’s two other major cities, Gothenburg and IMalmö, are also excellent and distinc- needneed you! you! tive entry points on your visit to Sweden . Malmö, in the very south, is our gateway to continental Europe via the 16-kilometre combined bridge-and-tunnel span to Copenhagen in Denmark . Malmö is the capital of the southernmost region, Skåne, which is quite different from many other parts of Sweden in terms of dialect, a way of life, architecture and landscape . The south eastern part of the region, Österlen, displays one of the most beautiful scen- eries in Sweden with rippling fields of Construction is almost complete on the new canary-yellow rapeseed grown for cook- Ottawa Humane Society, but we still need your help ing oils, and verdant meadows, orchards and sandy beaches on the Baltic, dotted by to reach our fundraising goal. Please give! small villages and a fair number of castles . Sweden’s second largest city, Gothen- Visit: www.breakingground.ca burg (“Göteborg”), on the west coast, is or call: Anna Silverman 613-725-3166 ext. 279 close to Borås the city where I grew up . Facing the sea to the west, Gothenburg, with its 500,000 inhabitants, is an attractive and welcoming city which I came to appreciate during my university years . Breaking Ground Ottawa Humane Society Gothenburg combines the advantages of a Building a Future for Ottawa’s Animals

diplomat and international canada 91 DELIGHTS|DESTINATIONS Kj e ll Hol mner Sailing around the island of Tjörn on the Swedish west coast offers charming vistas.

big city with the friendly atmosphere of a he beautiful island of Gotland, Swe- smaller city . Moreover, its proximity to the den’s biggest, is a very popular with sea has given the city its unique character TSwedes as well as international trav- both in terms of architecture and economy . ellers . The island, situated off the Swedish The best seafood and fish in Sweden will east coast, is a three-hour ferry ride south be served in Gothenburg . In particular, the of Stockholm . Thanks to its location in fresh shrimp caught and prepared in the the middle of the Baltic Sea, it has its own traditionally way of boiling in salted water micro-climate and a unique way of life on board the fishing vessels at sea, are a among ancient archeological remains and true delicacy . island culture . The medieval Hanseatic Gothenburg is also the hometown of city of Visby, the only one on the island, Volvo . You may wish to pick up your new almost every year records the highest Volvo at the factory and drive it for up to number of hours of sun in Sweden . Visby two months while you are in Sweden be- is an attractive small city surrounded by fore shipping it to Canada . a well-preserved medieval ring-wall . To North of Gothenburg, right up to the experience the beauty of nature and the Norwegian border, is another of Sweden’s sea, many visitors rent bikes and explore famous archipelagos . In summer, sailing Gotland on two wheels . and motor boats are almost more common than cars in this region . Along the entire hen asked to describe your coast line, old picturesque fishing villages country as a tourist destina- have become popular destinations for Wtion, you always run the risk of people who want to leave city life for the omitting many places of interest . I have weekend or in the summer . In contrast to deliberately chosen to mention only a the Stockholm archipelago, the islands in limited number of my personal favourites . Bohuslän are not covered by trees . Instead Sweden awaits your own discoveries . beautiful bare cliffs on Sweden’s west- Please see www visitsweden. se. . for more ern coast give the landscape its special information . character . Furthermore, the water on the Bohuslän coast is much saltier than in the Teppo Tauriainen is Sweden’s ambas- Baltic Sea at Stockholm, where the water is sador to Canada . Email sweden .ottawa@ brackish and less buoyant . foreign .ministry .se to reach him .

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