Download the Phonology of Portuguese Free Ebook

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Download the Phonology of Portuguese Free Ebook THE PHONOLOGY OF PORTUGUESE DOWNLOAD FREE BOOK Maria Helena Mateus, Ernesto D'Andrade | 172 pages | 05 Dec 2002 | Oxford University Press | 9780199256709 | English | Oxford, United Kingdom The Phonology of Portuguese Picus S. The dialects of Portugal are characterized by reducing vowels to a greater extent than others. The Phonology of Portuguese. Rev Letras de Hoje in Portuguese. Chapter 2 also deals with theoretical aspects such as feature geometry and underspecification. Phonological variation and change in Brazilian Portuguese: the case of the liquids PhD thesis. Dictating to the Mob Jurg R. Sehra E Madina. This restricted variation has prompted several authors to postulate a single rhotic phoneme. Geographic distribution of Portuguese Brazilian diaspora Portuguese diaspora Portuguese phonology Portuguese vocabulary. Access options available:. Tamar Ocampo. East Timorese Goan Macau. The spelling system of the vowels has single symbols. It follows from these observations that the vowels of BP can be described simply in the following way. Report this Document. In any event, the general paradigm is a useful guide for pronunciation The Phonology of Portuguese spelling. In traditional studies on dialectology, and for historical reasons, the dialects spoken in Galicia Spain have been grouped with the Galician-Portuguese dialects see Cintra, a. Throughout Brazil, deletion of the word-final rhotic is common, regardless of the "normal" pronunciation of the syllable-final allophone. The Creoles spoken in So Tom and in Cape Verde are national lan- guages and are the only ones The Phonology of Portuguese on an equal footing with Portuguese in these two countries. The Phonology of Japanese Laurence Labrune. Chapters 4 and 5 present the general characteristics of Portuguese nominal and verbal systems, the former considering inflectional and the latter derivational processes. It is "soft" i. Khalil De la Cruz. Alex Oc. Portuguese is a Romance language closely linked to Castilian and Catalan. The glides [j] and [w] are usually represented The Phonology of Portuguese i and u but they may also be denoted by e and o. Afonso II. Categories The Phonology of Portuguese Portuguese language Italic phonologies. Delgado-Martins on the phonetic study of prosodic facts andViana and A. Ortho- graphic transcriptions The Phonology of Portuguese enclosed in angles. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. At fast speech rates, Brazilian Portuguese is more stress-timedwhile in slow speech rates, it can be more syllable-timed. Mateus, María Helena, And Ernesto d'Andrade (2000), The Phonology of Portuguese Namespaces Article Talk. Chapter 2 describes the phonetic characteristics of consonants, vowels, and glides, and Chapter 3 looks at prosodic structure. For Brazilian Portuguese, in which there is more than one standard, the widely dif- fused dialect spoken in Rio de Janeiro carioca will be referred The Phonology of Portuguese. If the next word begins with a similar vowel, they merge with it in connected speech, producing a single vowel, possibly long crasis. The discussion of nasalization, phonological and morphological processes, syllable and stress presupposes such a theoretical framework. Neverthe- less, in very general terms, it can be said, that the unstressed vowels The Phonology of Portuguese more audible in Africa than in European Portuguese. Popular in Language. Institutional Login. When the Visigoths overthrew the Suebic rulers in the seventh century, some of the phonological characteristics that set Galician-Portuguese apart from Castilian had already formed. There are some exceptions to the rules above. The aim of this book is to describe the phonological system of Portuguese and to discuss its functioning in the light of recent phonological theories. In Chapters 4 and 5 we present the general characteristics of Portuguese morphologynominal and verbal systemsin the framework of lexical phon- ology. Because of the phonetic changes that often affect unstressed vowels, pure lexical stress is less common in Portuguese than in related languages, but there is still a significant number of examples of it:. Oxford World's Classics. Afonso II. Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul. The phonology of Portuguese. In several vernacular dialects most of Portugal, Brazil and Lusophone AfricaThe Phonology of Portuguese may be realized essentially as [e] in unstressed syllables. Archived from the original on Choose your country or region Close. Diphthongs are not considered independent phonemes in Portuguese, but knowing them can help with spelling and pronunciation. The Phonology of Japanese Laurence Labrune. Today, Portuguese is the national language of Portugal and Brazil. In European Portuguese there are two main groups of dialects: northern Portuguese and central-southern Portuguese. In the case a word doesn't follow this pattern, it takes an accent according to Portuguese's accentuation rules these rules might not be followed everytime when concerning personal names and non- integrated loanwords. Jump to Page. Rev Letras de Hoje in Portuguese. The most obvious differences between these two The Phonology of Portuguese are located in the unstressed vowel systemthe vowels are more audible in BP than in EP. But there is no commonly accepted transcription for Brazilian Portuguese phonology. Alternatively, such word-medial consonant clusters can easily be redistributed into different syllables when the coda-restriction rule is modified. In the standard varieties of EP and BP described here we seldom find, in word- initial position or between vowels, the typical alveolar trill that implies usually three vibrating movements Ladefoged, To purchase, visit your preferred ebook provider. Are Some Languages Better than Others? Hidden categories: CS1 Portuguese-language sources pt Harv and Sfn no-target errors CS1 errors: deprecated parameters All articles with unsourced statements Articles with unsourced statements from February Wikipedia articles needing clarification from November Wikipedia articles needing clarification from September Articles with unsourced statements from The Phonology of Portuguese Articles needing additional references from April All articles needing additional references Articles to be expanded from February All articles to be expanded Articles using small message boxes. Uploaded by Brian Henry. Brazilian Portugueseon the other hand, is of mixed characteristics, [2] and varies The Phonology of Portuguese to speech rate, dialect, and the gender of the speaker, but generally possessing a lighter reduction of unstressed vowels, less raising of pre-stress vowels, less devoicing and fewer deletions. Also, male speakers of Brazilian Portuguese speak faster than female speakers and speak in a more The Phonology of Portuguese manner. Flag for Inappropriate Content. The spelling system of the vowels has single symbols. Did you find this document useful? Portuguese is a Romance language closely linked The Phonology of Portuguese Castilian and Catalan. With regard to dialects, there are no striking differences between the dialects in either Portugal or Brazil. Further, readers are informed of a number of phonological phenomena in Portuguese such as feature dependence of coronal fricatives, vowel harmony in certain verb forms, and centralization as a general process of vowel reduction. Extremely full structural descriptions of the phonology of present-day Portu- guese are to be found in Barbosa for European and Cmara and for Brazilian Portuguese. It is pronounced by raising of the tongue body towards the velum as in pronouncing the English dark l. Even if the variation in dia- lects is not very great, the enormous variation in sociolects presents the Brazilian school with a formidable challenge. Emma Heath. In traditional studies on dialectology, and for historical reasons, the dialects spoken in Galicia Spain have been grouped with the Galician-Portuguese dialects see Cintra, a. Portuguese phonology The Phonology of Portuguese 6 examines stress, main, secondary, and echo, and Chapter 7 describes phonological processes that are not related to the morphological structure of the word, including the peculiar process of nazalization. It is "soft" i. The Lusiads—English translation. Report this Document. Examples that The Phonology of Portuguese in running text are given in italic and referred to in their orthographic form. Oxford University Press. Andrade February Three is a Crowd? The letter g placed before e and i represents a plosive only if it makes a string with u which does not need to be pronounced either guita [gt] string. Epenthesis at the end of a word does not normally occur in Portugal. Revista de Estudos da Linguagem in Portuguese. Khalil De la Cruz. Practically, for the main stress pattern, words that end with: "a s ", "e s ", "o s ", "em ens " and "am" are stressed in the penultimate syllable, and those that don't carry these endings are stressed in the last syllable. See 5. Extremely full structural descriptions of the phonology of present-day Portu- guese are to be found in Barbosa for European and Cmara and for Brazilian Portuguese. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Much more than documents. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Some isolated vowels meaning those that are neither nasal nor part of a diphthong tend to change quality in a fairly predictable way when they become
Recommended publications
  • Portuguese Languagelanguage Kitkit
    PortuguesePortuguese LanguageLanguage KitKit Expressions - Grammar - Online Resources - Culture languagecoursesuk.co.uk Introduction Whether you plan to embark on a new journey towards learning Portuguese or you just need a basic reference booklet for a trip abroad, the Cactus team has compiled some of the most help- ful Portuguese expressions, grammar rules, culture tips and recommendations. Portuguese is one the most significant languages in the world, and Portugal and Brazil are popular desti- nations for holidays and business trips. As such, Portuguese is appealing to an ever-growing number of Cactus language learners. Learning Portuguese will be a great way to discover the fascinating cultures and gastronomy of the lusophone world, and to improve your career pros- pects. Learning Portuguese is the beginning of an exciting adventure that is waiting for you! The Cactus Team 3. Essential Expressions Contact us 4. Grammar and Numbers Telephone (local rate) 5. Useful Verbs 0845 130 4775 8. Online Resources Telephone (int’l) 10. Take a Language Holiday +44 1273 830 960 11. Cultural Differences Monday-Thursday: 9am-7pm 12. Portugal & Brazil Culture Friday: 9am-5pm Recommendations 15. Start Learning Portuguese 2 Essential Expressions Hello Olá (olah) Goodbye Tchau (chaoh) Please Por favor Thank you Obrigado (obrigahdu) Yes Sim (simng) No Não (nowng) Excuse me/sorry Desculpe / perdão (des-cool-peh) My name is… O meu nome é… (oh meoh nomay ay) What is your name? Qual é o seu nome? (kwah-ooh eh seh-ooh noh-mee) Nice to meet you Muito prazer
    [Show full text]
  • P TRANSCRIPTION of the INTONATION of NORTHEASTERN
    TRANSCRIPTION OF THE INTONATION OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE by Meghan Dabkowski B.A., University of Pittsburgh, 2002 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Pittsburgh 2012 p UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH The Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences This thesis was presented by Meghan Dabkowski It was defended on April 9, 2012 and approved by Shelome Gooden, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics Alan Juffs, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics Committee Chair: Marta Ortega-Llebaria, Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics ii Copyright © by Meghan Dabkowski 2012 iii TRANSCRIPTION OF THE INTONATION OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE Meghan Dabkowski, M.A. University of Pittsburgh, 2012 Among dialects of Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth BP), the variety spoken in the Northeast region of Brazil is considered to display a distinctive use of intonation. In attempt to understand this characterization, this thesis presents an analysis of the intonational phonology of five main phrase types in Northeastern BP (henceforth NEBP): declarative statements, absolute questions, wh- questions, echo questions, and imperative statements. Contrastive focus, enumeration, and disjunction were also investigated. Participants were 5 female natives of the region currently residing in Pittsburgh, PA. Utterances were elicited using an intonation questionnaire designed to evoke everyday situations (Prieto and Roseano, 2010), which was adapted to BP by the author. This descriptive analysis is couched within Autosegmental Metrical theory, which posits a separate level of linear organization for the pitch track of an utterance, autonomous from the text, or segmental information, but associated with it via tonal alignment with metrically strong syllables and phrase edges.
    [Show full text]
  • First Hundred Words in Portuguese Ebook
    FIRST HUNDRED WORDS IN PORTUGUESE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Heather Amery,Stephen Cartwright | 32 pages | 01 Aug 2015 | Usborne Publishing Ltd | 9781474903684 | English | London, United Kingdom First Hundred Words in Portuguese PDF Book Portuguese uses a dot to separate thousands, eg. If you like this site and find it useful, you can support it by making a donation via PayPal or Patreon , or by contributing in other ways. You'll receive an invitation by email when the next registration period opens for new students. For instance, "immediately" in Portuguese is "imediatamente"; "automatically" in Portuguese is "automaticamente"; "basically" is "basicamente", and so on. Rafa x Go to top of the page. These words are very important because, in many cases, one word can be used in different situations, with different meanings. The second thing to think about is pronunciation. And yes, now, go to the streets and start asking people questions in Portuguese! European Portuguese. Portuguese Numbers. Anything to help us true beginners get our toe into the language is a huge help. Before you start learning Portuguese, you might have thought of how much Portuguese vocabulary you need. Register Now. Interrogatives are the question-words. Here we are using the word "time", but what we really mean is "this turn, i'm going by car". For more about these programs, see Technical help. Sound files should play on a computer, tablet or smartphone. Even if nobody understands you in case you are in a non-Portuguese speaking country , at least you are practising by saying it aloud! You don't need to know many of them.
    [Show full text]
  • Dialects of Spanish and Portuguese
    30 Dialects of Spanish and Portuguese JOHN M. LIPSKI 30.1 Basic Facts 30.1.1 Historical Development Spanish and Portuguese are closely related Ibero‐Romance languages whose origins can be traced to the expansion of the Latin‐speaking Roman Empire to the Iberian Peninsula; the divergence of Spanish and Portuguese began around the ninth century. Starting around 1500, both languages entered a period of global colonial expansion, giving rise to new vari- eties in the Americas and elsewhere. Sources for the development of Spanish and Portuguese include Lloyd (1987), Penny (2000, 2002), and Pharies (2007). Specific to Portuguese are fea- tures such as the retention of the seven‐vowel system of Vulgar Latin, elision of intervocalic /l/ and /n/ and the creation of nasal vowels and diphthongs, the creation of a “personal” infinitive (inflected for person and number), and retention of future subjunctive and pluper- fect indicative tenses. Spanish, essentially evolved from early Castilian and other western Ibero‐Romance dialects, is characterized by loss of Latin word‐initial /f‐/, the diphthongiza- tion of Latin tonic /ɛ/ and /ɔ/, palatalization of initial C + L clusters to /ʎ/, a complex series of changes to the sibilant consonants including devoicing and the shift of /ʃ/ to /x/, and many innovations in the pronominal system. 30.1.2 The Spanish Language Worldwide Reference grammars of Spanish include Bosque (1999a), Butt and Benjamin (2011), and Real Academia Española (2009–2011). The number of native or near‐native Spanish speakers in the world is estimated to be around 500 million. In Europe, Spanish is the official language of Spain, a quasi‐official language of Andorra and the main vernacular language of Gibraltar; it is also spoken in adjacent parts of Morocco and in Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony.
    [Show full text]
  • The Use of Third Person Accusative Pronouns in Spoken Brazilian Portuguese: an Analysis of Different Tv Genres
    THE USE OF THIRD PERSON ACCUSATIVE PRONOUNS IN SPOKEN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE: AN ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TV GENRES by Flávia Stocco Garcia A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of Linguistics University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2015 by Flávia Stocco Garcia ABSTRACT This thesis presents an analysis of third person accusative pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese. With the aim to analyze the variation between the use of standard (prescribed by normative grammar) and non-standard pronouns found in oral language, I gathered data from three kinds of TV show (news, non-scripted and soap-opera) in order to determine which form of pronoun is more common and if there is any linguistic and/or sociolinguistic factors that will influence on their usage. Based on data collected, I demonstrate that non-standard forms are favored in general and that the rules prescribed by normative grammar involving standard forms are only followed in specific contexts. Among all the variables considered for the analysis, the ones that showed to be significant were the kind of show, the context of the utterance, the socio-economic status of the speaker and verbs in the infinitive. Considering my results, I provide a discussion regarding to which extent the distribution of the 3rd-person pronouns on TV reflect their use by Brazilians and a brief discussion of other issues related to my findings conclude this work. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Verónica Loureiro-Rodríguez, for all her help during the completion of this work.
    [Show full text]
  • Following the Trail of the Snake: a Life History of Cobra Mansa “Cobrinha” Mestre of Capoeira
    ABSTRACT Title of Document: FOLLOWING THE TRAIL OF THE SNAKE: A LIFE HISTORY OF COBRA MANSA “COBRINHA” MESTRE OF CAPOEIRA Isabel Angulo, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008 Directed By: Dr. Jonathan Dueck Division of Musicology and Ethnomusicology, School of Music, University of Maryland Professor John Caughey American Studies Department, University of Maryland This dissertation is a cultural biography of Mestre Cobra Mansa, a mestre of the Afro-Brazilian martial art of capoeira angola. The intention of this work is to track Mestre Cobrinha’s life history and accomplishments from his beginning as an impoverished child in Rio to becoming a mestre of the tradition—its movements, music, history, ritual and philosophy. A highly skilled performer and researcher, he has become a cultural ambassador of the tradition in Brazil and abroad. Following the Trail of the Snake is an interdisciplinary work that integrates the research methods of ethnomusicology (oral history, interview, participant observation, musical and performance analysis and transcription) with a revised life history methodology to uncover the multiple cultures that inform the life of a mestre of capoeira. A reflexive auto-ethnography of the author opens a dialog between the experiences and developmental steps of both research partners’ lives. Written in the intersection of ethnomusicology, studies of capoeira, social studies and music education, the academic dissertation format is performed as a roda of capoeira aiming to be respectful of the original context of performance. The result is a provocative ethnographic narrative that includes visual texts from the performative aspects of the tradition (music and movement), aural transcriptions of Mestre Cobra Mansa’s storytelling and a myriad of writing techniques to accompany the reader in a multi-dimensional journey of multicultural understanding.
    [Show full text]
  • Portuguese (PORT) 1
    Portuguese (PORT) 1 PORTUGUESE (PORT) PORT 53: Intermediate Intensive Portuguese for Graduate Students 3 Credits PORT 1: Elementary Portuguese I Continued intensive study of Portuguese at the intermediate level: 4 Credits reading, writing, speaking, listening, cultural contexts. PORT 053 Intermediate Intensive Portuguese for Graduate Students (3)This is For beginners. Grammar, with reading and writing of simple Portuguese; the third in a series of three courses designed to give students an oral and aural work stressed. intermediate intensive knowledge of Portuguese. Continued intensive study of Portuguese at the intermediate level: reading, writing, speaking, Bachelor of Arts: 2nd Foreign/World Language (All) listening, and cultural contexts. Lessons are taught in an authentic PORT 2: Elementary Portuguese II cultural context. 4 Credits Prerequisite: PORT 052 or equivalent, and graduate standing Grammar, reading, and conversation continued; special emphasis on the PORT 123: Portuguese for Romance-language Speakers language, literature, and life of Brazil. 2-3 Credits Prerequisite: PORT 001 This course offers an introduction to Brazilian Portuguese for students Bachelor of Arts: 2nd Foreign/World Language (All) who already have a good grasp of grammar and vocabulary in Spanish, PORT 3: Intermediate Portuguese French, Italian, or Latin. This intensive course will address all four language skills (listening, speaking, reading, and writing) and provide 4 Credits an overall view of Portuguese, its basic linguistic structures, and vocabulary. Emphasis will be placed especially on the differences Grammar, reading, composition, and conversation. between Portuguese and Spanish. By building on students' prior knowledge of Romance languages, the class moves quickly to cover Prerequisite: PORT 002 the content of the three-semester basic language sequence in a single Bachelor of Arts: 2nd Foreign/World Language (All) semester.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.Portuguese-Japanese Language Contact in 16Th Century
    Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies ISSN: 0874-8438 [email protected] Universidade Nova de Lisboa Portugal Kono, Akira Portuguese-Japanese language contact in 16th Century Japan Bulletin of Portuguese - Japanese Studies, núm. 3, december, 2001, pp. 43 - 51 Universidade Nova de Lisboa Lisboa, Portugal Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=36100304 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative BPJS, 2001, 3, 43 - 51 PORTUGUESE-JAPANESE LANGUAGE CONTACT IN 16th CENTURY JAPAN Akira Kono Osaka University of Foreign Studies The aim of this paper is twofold. The first section of the paper outlines the three different stages of Portuguese-Japanese language contact. The second section will discuss the etymology of one of the loanwords which presumably entered Portuguese lexicon from Japanese in the first stage of Portuguese- Japanese language contact, namely, bonzo, which has traditionally provoked some controversy as to its etymon. As we will see in the discussion of the third stage of Portuguese-Japanese language contact, it is rather straightforward to settle the problem of etymon in recent borrowing. However, attention must be paid to diachronic studies of Sixteenth Century Japanese, in the first stage of Portuguese-Japanese language contact, in order to solve the problem of the etymology of Japanese loanwords. 1. Historically, there are three stages of Portuguese-Japanese language contact. The first stage occurred in Sixteenth Century Japan.
    [Show full text]
  • Hunsrik-Xraywe.!A!New!Way!In!Lexicography!Of!The!German! Language!Island!In!Southern!Brazil!
    Dialectologia.!Special-issue,-IV-(2013),!147+180.!! ISSN:!2013+2247! Received!4!June!2013.! Accepted!30!August!2013.! ! ! ! ! HUNSRIK-XRAYWE.!A!NEW!WAY!IN!LEXICOGRAPHY!OF!THE!GERMAN! LANGUAGE!ISLAND!IN!SOUTHERN!BRAZIL! Mateusz$MASELKO$ Austrian$Academy$of$Sciences,$Institute$of$Corpus$Linguistics$and$Text$Technology$ (ICLTT),$Research$Group$DINAMLEX$(Vienna,$Austria)$ [email protected]$ $ $ Abstract$$ Written$approaches$for$orally$traded$dialects$can$always$be$seen$controversial.$One$could$say$ that$there$are$as$many$forms$of$writing$a$dialect$as$there$are$speakers$of$that$dialect.$This$is$not$only$ true$ for$ the$ different$ dialectal$ varieties$ of$ German$ that$ exist$ in$ Europe,$ but$ also$ in$ dialect$ language$ islands$ on$ other$ continents$ such$ as$ the$ Riograndese$ Hunsrik$ in$ Brazil.$ For$ the$ standardization$ of$ a$ language$ variety$ there$ must$ be$ some$ determined,$ general$ norms$ regarding$ orthography$ and$ graphemics.!Equipe!Hunsrik$works$on$the$standardization,$expansion,$and$dissemination$of$the$German$ dialect$ variety$ spoken$ in$ Rio$ Grande$ do$ Sul$ (South$ Brazil).$ The$ main$ concerns$ of$ the$ project$ are$ the$ insertion$of$Riograndese$Hunsrik$as$official$community$language$of$Rio$Grande$do$Sul$that$is$also$taught$ at$school.$Therefore,$the$project$team$from$Santa$Maria$do$Herval$developed$a$writing$approach$that$is$ based$on$the$Portuguese$grapheme$inventory.$It$is$used$in$the$picture$dictionary! Meine!ëyerste!100! Hunsrik! wërter$ (2010).$ This$ article$ discusses$ the$ picture$ dictionary$
    [Show full text]
  • Towards an Outline of Central and Southern Portugal Potamonymy Para Um Perfil Da Potamonímia Do Centro E Do Sul De Portugal
    DOI: 10.14393/DL46-v15n2a2021-10 Towards an outline of central and southern Portugal potamonymy Para um perfil da potamonímia do centro e do sul de Portugal Carlos ROCHA* ABSTRACT: Within the set of river RESUMO: Em relação ao conjunto names of Portugal, those of the northwest onomástico formado pelos nomes dos rios usually stand out because of their (potamónimos) de Portugal, destacam-se archaism. However, rivers located to the normalmente os do noroeste pelo arcaísmo. south of the Mondego basin and the Contudo, os potamónimos localizados a sul Central System are no less interesting, as da bacia do Mondego e do Sistema Central they reveal great etymological não são menos interessantes, pois revelam heterogeneity, ranging from a few that fit grande heterogeneidade etimológica, into the pre-Latin substrates to several abrangendo desde um pequeno grupo names that underwent Arabization enquadrável nos substratos pré-latinos a um between the 8th and 13th centuries. reportório alterado pela arabização ocorrida Several items also stand out, which are na região entre os séculos VIII a XIII. more recent and result from the Sobressai ainda um largo número de nomes expansion of the Galician-Portuguese de criação mais recente, criados pela dialects to the south, in the context of the implantação a sul dos dialetos galego- medieval Christian conquest and portugueses, assim configurando um colonization. This article, which draws on processo de colonização linguística previous research (ROCHA, 2017), sets decorrente da conquista cristã medieval. O out an outline of the central and southern presente trabalho, baseado noutro anterior Portuguese potamonym by classifying (ROCHA, 2017), propõe definir um perfil da each item etymologically and ascribing potamonímia centro-meridional portuguesa them to the stratigraphy and the history por meio da classificação etimológica de of transmission of the current toponymy cada item e do seu enquadramento tanto na in the territory in point.
    [Show full text]
  • Bigorna – a Toolkit for Orthography Migration Challenges
    Bigorna – a toolkit for orthography migration challenges José João Almeida1, André Santos1, Alberto Simões2 1 Departamento de Informática, Universidade do Minho, Portugal 2 Escola Superior de Estudos Industriais e de Gestão, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract Languages are born, evolve and, eventually, die. During this evolution their spelling rules (and sometimes the syntactic and semantic ones) change, putting old documents out of use. In Portugal, a pair of political agreements with Brazil forced relevant changes on the way the Portuguese language is written. In this article we will detail these two Orthographic Agreements (one in the thirties and the other more recently, in the nineties), and the challenges present on the automatic migration of old documents spelling to their actual one. We will reveal Bigorna, a toolkit for the classification of language variants, their comparison and the conversion of texts in different language versions. These tools will be explained together with examples of migration issues. As Birgorna relies on a set of conversion rules we will also discuss how to infer conversion rules from a set of documents (texts with different ages). The document concludes with a brief evaluation on the conversion and classification tool results and their relevance in the current Portuguese language scenario. 1. Introduction impact. In this article we are interested into the latest, that can be summarized as: Languages evolve. This evolution can be natural and grad- ual, when speakers change habits during decades, or can be • 1931: This was the first orthographic agreement be- forced and drastic, when some kind of regulatory institu- tween Portugal and Brazil trying to approximate both tion defines some rules (or heuristics) on how the language languages.
    [Show full text]
  • Front Matter Template
    Copyright by Adrian Rodríguez Riccelli 2019 The Dissertation Committee for Adrian Rodríguez Riccelli certifies that this is the approved version of the following Dissertation: The Subject Domain in Cabo-Verdean Creole: Combining variationist sociolinguistics and formal approaches Committee: Sandro Sessarego, Supervisor Almeida Jacqueline Toribio Chiyo Nishida Lars Hinrichs Nicolas Quint The Subject Domain in Cabo-Verdean Creole: Combining variationist sociolinguistics and formal approaches by Adrian Rodríguez Riccelli Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin December 2019 Dedication Dedico esta tesis a mis padres Armando y Mónica, a mi hermano Marcel, a mis hermanas Andrea, Emilia, y Claire, a mis abuelos Mauricio y Santiago, a mis abuelas Eulalia y Nora, a mis tías Claudia, Daniela, y Sandra, a mi querida Linda Concepción, y al ‘Big Gray’. Acknowledgements Completing this dissertation would have been impossible without the support, advice, direction, patience, loyalty, love, and friendship of my family, advisors, colleagues, teachers, friends, and my partner. I am forever indebted and grateful to you all and cannot thank you enough for helping me to achieve this; I will never forget it. To begin with, I would like to thank the University of Texas Center for European Studies and Sally K. Dickson for their support with the Foreign Language Area Studies Fellowship, which came at a crucial early phase in the development of this project. I would also like to thank to the Graduate School and Dr.
    [Show full text]