DOCSLIB.ORG

The Use of Third Person Accusative Pronouns in Spoken Brazilian Portuguese: an Analysis of Different Tv Genres

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Use of Third Person Accusative Pronouns in Spoken Brazilian Portuguese: an Analysis of Different Tv Genres THE USE OF THIRD PERSON ACCUSATIVE PRONOUNS IN SPOKEN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE: AN ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TV GENRES by Flávia Stocco Garcia A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Manitoba in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of MASTER OF ARTS Department of Linguistics University of Manitoba Winnipeg Copyright © 2015 by Flávia Stocco Garcia ABSTRACT This thesis presents an analysis of third person accusative pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese. With the aim to analyze the variation between the use of standard (prescribed by normative grammar) and non-standard pronouns found in oral language, I gathered data from three kinds of TV show (news, non-scripted and soap-opera) in order to determine which form of pronoun is more common and if there is any linguistic and/or sociolinguistic factors that will influence on their usage. Based on data collected, I demonstrate that non-standard forms are favored in general and that the rules prescribed by normative grammar involving standard forms are only followed in specific contexts. Among all the variables considered for the analysis, the ones that showed to be significant were the kind of show, the context of the utterance, the socio-economic status of the speaker and verbs in the infinitive. Considering my results, I provide a discussion regarding to which extent the distribution of the 3rd-person pronouns on TV reflect their use by Brazilians and a brief discussion of other issues related to my findings conclude this work. 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Verónica Loureiro-Rodríguez, for all her help during the completion of this work. Her time, patience and insights were very much appreciated. I am also extremely grateful to Kevin Russell for the help and feedback he provided me during this project. This project would have been impossible without their continuous support and guidance. My sincere and deepest appreciation goes to my parents who are so far away but whose love, support and encouragement have always been so present and important in this journey. And my special thanks goes to my husband, my partner and best friend, who was always there to support me through the difficult and stressful times. I love you all very much! 3 TABLE OF 4 Abstract ______________________________________________________________ 2 Acknowledgements _____________________________________________________ 3 Table of contents _______________________________________________________ 4 List of tables ___________________________________________________________ 6 List of figures __________________________________________________________ 7 Abbreviations __________________________________________________________ 8 1. Introduction _________________________________________________________ 9 2. Context: Standardization in Brazilian Portuguese ___________________________ 14 2.1 What is a standardized language ___________________________________ 14 2.1.1 Education and Language Prescriptivism _______________________ 17 2.2 So, what happens in Brazil? ______________________________________ 19 2.2.1 Dialects and Dialectology in Brazil __________________________ 19 2.2.2 Standard Brazilian Portuguese ______________________________ 22 2.3 Brazilian vs. European Portuguese _________________________________ 24 2.4 Previous studies on Portuguese pronouns ___________________________ 25 2.4.1 Studies on third person pronouns ____________________________ 27 2.5 Summary _____________________________________________________ 30 3. Third person accusative pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese ____________________ 31 3.1 Personal pronouns in BP _________________________________________ 31 3.2 What are clitics? _______________________________________________ 34 3.3 Clitic placement in BP __________________________________________ 36 3.3.1 Proclitics ______________________________________________ 36 3.3.2 Enclitics _______________________________________________ 38 3.3.3 Endoclitics ______________________________________________ 40 3.3.4 Clitic placement in a verbal sequence _________________________ 41 3.3.5 Optional usage of clitics ___________________________________ 43 3.4 The nominative ele ‘he’ as direct object in Brazilian Portuguese __________ 44 3.4.1 Prescriptive usage ________________________________________ 44 3.4.2 Descriptive usage ________________________________________ 44 3.5 Summary _________________________________________________________ 48 4. Methodology _______________________________________________________ 51 4.1 Corpus _______________________________________________________ 51 4.2 Data Collection ________________________________________________ 55 4.3 Method ______________________________________________________ 57 4.3.1 Standards vs. non-standards: whole data ______________________ 59 4.3.2 Standards vs. non-standards: enclitics only ____________________ 60 4.3.3 Proclitics vs. enclitics: standards only ________________________ 60 4.4 Summary ____________________________________________________ 61 4 5. Descriptive Results __________________________________________________ 62 5.1 Standard pronouns found in the data _______________________________ 62 5.1.1 Proclitics ______________________________________________ 63 5.1.1.1 Mandatory uses ____________________________________ 64 5.1.1.2 Optional uses _____________________________________ 66 5.1.2 Enclitics _______________________________________________ 67 5.1.2.1 With verbs in the infinitive __________________________ 68 5.1.2.2 With verbs ending in a vocalic sound ___________________ 70 5.1.3 Endoclitics ______________________________________________ 72 5.2 Non-Standard pronouns found in the data ____________________________ 74 5.3 Standard vs. non-standard pronouns according to the kind of show ________ 75 5.3.1 News shows ____________________________________________ 76 5.3.2 Non-scripted shows _______________________________________ 79 5.3.3 Soap operas _____________________________________________ 83 5.4 Summary _____________________________________________________ 83 6. Statistical Results ____________________________________________________ 85 6.1 Kind of pronoun: standard vs. non-standard __________________________ 85 6.1.1 Whole data ______________________________________________ 85 6.1.2 Enclitics ________________________________________________ 90 6.2 Clitic placement: proclitic vs. enclitic _______________________________ 92 6.3 Summary _____________________________________________________ 92 7. Discussion __________________________________________________________ 94 8. Conclusion _________________________________________________________ 112 References ___________________________________________________________ 114 Appendix ____________________________________________________________ 118 5 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Personal Pronouns in BP _________________________________________ 33 Table 2. Third Person Personal Pronouns in BP _______________________________ 47 Table 3. Third Person Personal Pronouns in BP ______________________________ 49 Table 4. TV shows list and number of hours in each category ____________________ 55 Table 5. Variables extracted from data ______________________________________ 56 Table 6. Proclitics ______________________________________________________ 64 Table 7. Enclitics _______________________________________________________ 68 Table 8. Pronoun distribution according to the kind of show _____________________ 75 Table 9. Accusative pronouns in the news shows ______________________________ 76 Table 10. Accusative pronouns in the non-scripted shows _______________________ 79 Table 11. Accusative pronouns used by the hosts in each NS show _______________ 80 Table 12. Accusative pronouns in the soap-operas ____________________________ 83 6 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Regions and northern and southern dialect division ___________________ 20 Figure 2. Known dialects of Brazilian Portuguese ____________________________ 21 Figure 3. Variable importance for random forest 1 (standards vs. non-standards with the whole dataset) ________________________________________________________ 86 Figure 4. Inference tree 1 (standards vs. non-standards with the whole dataset) ______ 88 Figure 5. Variable importance for random forest 2 (standards vs. non-standards with enclitic structures) _____________________________________________________ 90 Figure 6. Inference tree 2 (standards vs. non-standards with enclitic structures) ______ 91 Figure 7. The vicious circle of linguistic discrimination _______________________ 108 Figure 8. Sign with sentence showing a non-standard form of first person plural accusative pronoun ____________________________________________________ 114 7 ABBREVIATIONS 1 first person 2 second person 3 third person ACC accusative COND conditional DAT dative F feminine FUT future GER gerund IMP imperative IMPF imperfect M masculine NEG negative NOM nominative PART participle PAST past PL plural PRES present REFL reflexive SG singular SUBJ subjunctive 8 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION The present study constitutes an analysis of third person accusative pronouns in spoken Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Considering the existence of a high variation involving the rules and usages of these pronouns, my purpose is to analyze the variation between the use of the standard (prescribed by normative grammar) and non-standard forms found in oral language. Oral Brazilian Portuguese often differs from the normative variety taught at schools and prescribed
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Redalyc.Ficção Televisual: a Produção 2012 Da Rede Globo De Televisão
    Interin E-ISSN: 1980-5276 [email protected] Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná Brasil Bastos Duarte, Elizabeth Ficção televisual: a produção 2012 da Rede Globo de televisão Interin, vol. 17, núm. 1, enero-junio, 2014, pp. 67-80 Universidade Tuiuti do Paraná Curitiba, Brasil Disponível em: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=504450750006 Como citar este artigo Número completo Sistema de Informação Científica Mais artigos Rede de Revistas Científicas da América Latina, Caribe , Espanha e Portugal Home da revista no Redalyc Projeto acadêmico sem fins lucrativos desenvolvido no âmbito da iniciativa Acesso Aberto 67 Ficção televisual: a produção 2012 da Rede Globo de televisão Elizabeth Bastos Duarte1 Resumo: O domínio absoluto da TV Globo no terreno da teledramaturgia parece estar sendo ameaçado: as três principais telenovelas da emissora – a das seis, a das sete ou a das nove – vêm obtendo baixos índices de audiência.É de se questionarem, portanto, as causas dessa queda brusca da audiência em novelas aparentemente tão diferentes, pois, certamente, elas não devem repousar sobre um único motivo. O trabalho, dando continuidade às reflexões apresentadas no ano de 2012, realiza, à luz de uma semiótica discursiva de inspiração europeia, um exame preliminar, mas detalhado de três telenovelas, com vistas a identificar razões de caráter mais amplo e extensivo, responsáveis pelo desinteresse dos telespectadores e a dimensionar as interferências de algumas das transformações em curso nesse contexto. Palavras-chave: Ficção televisual; Transformações; Estrutura narrativa. Abstract: The hegemony of Globo in the field of teledramaturgy seems to be threatened: the three leading Globo soap operas – at 6 p.m., 7 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Searching for the Origins of Uruguayan Fronterizo Dialects: Radical Code-Mixing As “Fluent Dysfluency”
    Searching for the origins of Uruguayan Fronterizo dialects: radical code-mixing as “fluent dysfluency” JOHN M. LIPSKI Abstract Spoken in northern Uruguay along the border with Brazil are intertwined Spanish-Portuguese dialects known to linguists as Fronterizo `border’ dialects, and to the speakers themselves as portuñol. Since until the second half of the 19th century northern Uruguay was populated principally by monolingual Portuguese speakers, it is usually assumed that Fronterizo arose when Spanish-speaking settlers arrived in large numbers. Left unexplained, however, is the genesis of morphosyntactically intertwined language, rather than, e.g. Spanish with many Portuguese borrowings or vice versa. The present study analyzes data from several communities along the Brazilian border (in Argentina, Bolivia, and Paraguay), where Portuguese is spoken frequently but dysfluently (with much involuntary mixing of Spanish) by Spanish speakers in their dealings with Brazilians. A componential analysis of mixed language from these communities is compared with Uruguayan Fronterizo data, and a high degree of quantitative structural similarity is demonstrated. The inclusion of sociohistorical data from late 19th century northern Uruguay complements the contemporary Spanish-Portuguese mixing examples, in support of the claim that Uruguayan Fronterizo was formed not in a situation of balanced bilingualism but rather as the result of the sort of fluid but dysfluent approximations to a second language found in contemporary border communities. 1. Introduction Among the languages of the world, mixed or intertwined languages are quite rare, and have provoked considerable debate among linguists. The most well- known cases, Michif, combining French and Cree (Bakker and Papen 1997; Bakker 1996), and Media Lengua, combining Spanish and Quechua (Muysken 1981, 1989, 1997), rather systematically juxtapose lexical items from a European language and functional items from a Native American language, in Journal of Portuguese Linguistics, 8-1 (2009), 3-44 ISSN 1645-4537 4 John M.
    [Show full text]
  • Transmídia Na Teleficção Brasileira: Produtos E Possibilidades
    Transmídia na teleficção brasileira: produtos e possibilidades Sílvia Góis Dantas Doutoranda em Ciências da Comunicação pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Comunicação da Universidade de São Paulo. Pesquisadora do Centro de Estudos de Telenovela (CETVN) da ECA-USP e do Observatório Ibero-Americano de Ficção Televisiva (Obitel). Bolsista Capes. E-mail: [email protected] Resumo: A resenha traça um panorama Abstract: The review provides an overview da obra Estratégias de transmidiação of the book Estratégias de transmidiação na ficção televisiva brasileira1, que se na ficção televisiva brasileira, which is the apresenta como resultado das pesquisas result of researches conducted in 2012 desenvolvidas em 2012 e 2013 pela equipe and 2013 by researchers from Brazilian de investigadores da rede Obitel-Brasil. No Obitel (Ibero-American Television Fiction presente texto, enfocamos alguns aspectos Observatory). In this paper, we focus on das diferentes abordagens trazidas pelos some aspects of the different approaches pesquisadores frente às estratégias de brought by the researchers about trans- transmidiação ligadas à produção teleficcio- mediation strategies in Brazilian television nal brasileira, destacamos também alguns fiction production; we also discuss some conceitos importantes para a compreensão concepts that are important to understand da produção televisiva no contexto da the television production in the context of convergência. convergence. Palavras-chave: transmidiação, ficção te- Keywords: transmediation; television fiction; 1. LOPES, Maria Im- levisiva, fãs, participação, convergência. fans; participation; convergence. macolata Vassallo de (org.). Estratégias de transmidia ção na ficção televisiva brasileira. Por- to Alegre: Sulina, 2013. O 1. APRESENTAÇÃO livro foi publicado com o apoio da Globo Uni- O volume três da Coleção Teledramaturgia, Estratégias de transmidiação na versidade.
    [Show full text]
  • P TRANSCRIPTION of the INTONATION of NORTHEASTERN
    TRANSCRIPTION OF THE INTONATION OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE by Meghan Dabkowski B.A., University of Pittsburgh, 2002 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts University of Pittsburgh 2012 p UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH The Kenneth P. Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences This thesis was presented by Meghan Dabkowski It was defended on April 9, 2012 and approved by Shelome Gooden, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics Alan Juffs, Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics Committee Chair: Marta Ortega-Llebaria, Assistant Professor, Department of Linguistics ii Copyright © by Meghan Dabkowski 2012 iii TRANSCRIPTION OF THE INTONATION OF NORTHEASTERN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE Meghan Dabkowski, M.A. University of Pittsburgh, 2012 Among dialects of Brazilian Portuguese (henceforth BP), the variety spoken in the Northeast region of Brazil is considered to display a distinctive use of intonation. In attempt to understand this characterization, this thesis presents an analysis of the intonational phonology of five main phrase types in Northeastern BP (henceforth NEBP): declarative statements, absolute questions, wh- questions, echo questions, and imperative statements. Contrastive focus, enumeration, and disjunction were also investigated. Participants were 5 female natives of the region currently residing in Pittsburgh, PA. Utterances were elicited using an intonation questionnaire designed to evoke everyday situations (Prieto and Roseano, 2010), which was adapted to BP by the author. This descriptive analysis is couched within Autosegmental Metrical theory, which posits a separate level of linear organization for the pitch track of an utterance, autonomous from the text, or segmental information, but associated with it via tonal alignment with metrically strong syllables and phrase edges.
    [Show full text]
  • Dialects of Spanish and Portuguese
    30 Dialects of Spanish and Portuguese JOHN M. LIPSKI 30.1 Basic Facts 30.1.1 Historical Development Spanish and Portuguese are closely related Ibero‐Romance languages whose origins can be traced to the expansion of the Latin‐speaking Roman Empire to the Iberian Peninsula; the divergence of Spanish and Portuguese began around the ninth century. Starting around 1500, both languages entered a period of global colonial expansion, giving rise to new vari- eties in the Americas and elsewhere. Sources for the development of Spanish and Portuguese include Lloyd (1987), Penny (2000, 2002), and Pharies (2007). Specific to Portuguese are fea- tures such as the retention of the seven‐vowel system of Vulgar Latin, elision of intervocalic /l/ and /n/ and the creation of nasal vowels and diphthongs, the creation of a “personal” infinitive (inflected for person and number), and retention of future subjunctive and pluper- fect indicative tenses. Spanish, essentially evolved from early Castilian and other western Ibero‐Romance dialects, is characterized by loss of Latin word‐initial /f‐/, the diphthongiza- tion of Latin tonic /ɛ/ and /ɔ/, palatalization of initial C + L clusters to /ʎ/, a complex series of changes to the sibilant consonants including devoicing and the shift of /ʃ/ to /x/, and many innovations in the pronominal system. 30.1.2 The Spanish Language Worldwide Reference grammars of Spanish include Bosque (1999a), Butt and Benjamin (2011), and Real Academia Española (2009–2011). The number of native or near‐native Spanish speakers in the world is estimated to be around 500 million. In Europe, Spanish is the official language of Spain, a quasi‐official language of Andorra and the main vernacular language of Gibraltar; it is also spoken in adjacent parts of Morocco and in Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony.
    [Show full text]
  • Translating Brazil: from Transnational Periodicals to Hemispheric Fictions, 1808-2010
    Translating Brazil: From Transnational Periodicals to Hemispheric Fictions, 1808-2010 By Krista Marie Brune A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literatures in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Natalia Brizuela, Co-chair Professor Candace Slater, Co-chair Professor Scott Saul Spring 2016 Abstract Translating Brazil: From Transnational Periodicals to Hemispheric Fictions, 1808-2010 by Krista Marie Brune Doctor of Philosophy in Hispanic Languages and Literatures University of California, Berkeley Professor Natalia Brizuela, Co-chair Professor Candace Slater, Co-chair This dissertation analyzes how travel and translation informed the construction of Brazil as modern in the 19th century, and how similar processes of transnational translation continue to shape the cultural visibility of the nation abroad in the contemporary moment. By reading journals, literary works, and cultural criticism, this study inserts Brazilian literature and culture into recent debates about translatability, world literature, and cosmopolitanism, while also underscoring the often-overlooked presence of Brazilians in the United States. The first half of the dissertation contends that Portuguese-language periodicals Correio Braziliense (London, 1808-1822), Revista Nitheroy (Paris, 1836), and O Novo Mundo (New York, 1870-1879) translated European and North American ideas of technology and education to a readership primarily in Brazil. The transnational circulation of these periodicals contributed to the self- fashioning of intellectuals who came to define the nation. To suggest parallels between Brazil and the United States in the late 19th century, the analysis of O Novo Mundo focuses on discourses of nation, modernity, and technological progress emerging in the hemispheric travels of scientists, intellectuals, and the Brazilian empire Dom Pedro II, and in the national displays at the 1876 Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia.
    [Show full text]
  • A Entoação Do Dialeto Caipira Do Médio Tietê: Reconhecimento, Características E Formação - Versão Corrigida
    UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS CLÁSSICAS E VERNÁCULAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FILOLOGIA E LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA ROSICLEIDE RODRIGUES GARCIA A entoação do dialeto caipira do Médio Tietê: reconhecimento, características e formação - versão corrigida - São Paulo 2015 II UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO FACULDADE DE FILOSOFIA, LETRAS E CIÊNCIAS HUMANAS DEPARTAMENTO DE LETRAS CLÁSSICAS E VERNÁCULAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM FILOLOGIA E LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA A entoação do dialeto caipira do Médio Tietê: reconhecimento, características e formação - versão corrigida - Rosicleide Rodrigues Garcia Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós- Graduação em Filologia e Língua Portuguesa do Departamento de Letras Clássicas e Vernáculas da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, para a obtenção do título de Doutora em Letras. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Waldemar Ferreira Netto De acordo São Paulo 2015 III Ficha catalográfica Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. Catalogação da Publicação Serviço da Biblioteca e Documentação Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Garcia, Rosicleide Rodrigues A entoação do dialeto caipira no Médio Tietê: reconhecimento, características e formação / Rosicleide Rodrigues Garcia; Orientador: Waldemar Ferreira Netto – São Paulo, 2015. 142f: I1 Tese (Doutorado) - Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. Departamento de Letras Clássicas e Vernáculas. Área de concentração: Filologia e Língua Portuguesa. 1. Entoação. 2. Prosódia. 3. Dialeto caipira do Médio Tietê. 4. Finalização plagal I.
    [Show full text]
  • A Computational Grammar for Portuguese
    A computational grammar for Portuguese Bruno Cuconato1 and Alexandre Rademaker1;2 1 FGV/EMAp 2 IBM Research Abstract. This work presents an ongoing effort towards a Portuguese grammar under the Grammatical Framework (GF) formalism. GF and the new grammar are briefly introduced, and then we employ the gram- mar to parse HPSG's Matrix MRS test suite. We will demonstrate the use of the grammar in the parsing of text and in natural language appli- cations. Keywords: grammatical framework · computational grammar · type theory · functional programming 1 Introduction Grammatical Framework (GF) is a programming language for grammar writing. It is a functional programming language, with syntax inspired by the Haskell programming language [2]; it draws from intuitionistic type theory for its type system [3]. GF's forte lies at multilingual processing. It applies to natural languages the distinction made for programming languages: that of abstract and concrete syntaxes. Separating them allows GF to specify a single abstract grammar for several concrete languages. Translation between two natural languages there- fore becomes parsing of concrete syntax to its abstract representation, and then further linearization to the target language. Writing a grammar for even a fragment of a natural language is a complex task. GF boasts a module system, so GF grammars can import other grammars for code reusing. GF grammars can thus be divided in resource and application grammars: while the former intend to provide useful linguistic constructs for downstream grammars in a suitable and stable application programming inter- face (API) (like software libraries do to programs [4]), the latter aim to apply these and other definitions to domain-specific applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Orthographies in Grammar Books
    Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 30 July 2018 doi:10.20944/preprints201807.0565.v1 Tomislav Stojanov, [email protected], [email protected] Institute of Croatian Language and Linguistic Republike Austrije 16, 10.000 Zagreb, Croatia Orthographies in Grammar Books – Antiquity and Humanism Summary This paper researches the as yet unstudied topic of orthographic content in antique, medieval, and Renaissance grammar books in European languages, as part of a wider research of the origin of orthographic standards in European languages. As a central place for teachings about language, grammar books contained orthographic instructions from the very beginning, and such practice continued also in later periods. Understanding the function, content, and orthographic forms in the past provides for a better description of the nature of the orthographic standard in the present. The evolution of grammatographic practice clearly shows the continuity of development of orthographic content from a constituent of grammar studies through the littera unit gradually to an independent unit, then into annexed orthographic sections, and later into separate orthographic manuals. 5 antique, 22 Latin, and 17 vernacular grammars were analyzed, describing 19 European languages. The research methodology is based on distinguishing orthographic content in the narrower sense (grapheme to meaning) from the broader sense (grapheme to phoneme). In this way, the function of orthographic description was established separately from the study of spelling. As for the traditional description of orthographic content in the broader sense in old grammar books, it is shown that orthographic content can also be studied within the grammatographic framework of a specific period, similar to the description of morphology or syntax.
    [Show full text]
  • Field-Testing Code-Switching Constraints: a Report on a Strategic Languages Project
    languages Article Field-Testing Code-Switching Constraints: A Report on a Strategic Languages Project John M. Lipski Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA; [email protected]; Tel.: +1-814-865-6583 Received: 28 November 2017; Accepted: 28 January 2019; Published: 1 February 2019 Abstract: The present article provides an overview of ongoing field-based research that deploys a variety of interactive experimental procedures in three strategically chosen bilingual contact environments, whose language dyads facilitate a partial separation of morphosyntactic factors in order to test the extent to which proposed grammatical constraints on intra-sentential code-switching are independent of language-specific factors. For purposes of illustration, the possibility of language switches between subject pronouns and verbs is compared for the three bilingual groups. The first scenario includes Ecuadoran Quichua and Media Lengua (entirely Quichua syntax and system morphology, all lexical roots replaced by Spanish items; both are null-subject languages). The second juxtaposes Spanish and the Afro-Colombian creole language Palenquero; the languages share highly cognate lexicons but differ substantially in grammatical structures (including null subjects in Spanish, only overt subjects in Palenquero). Spanish and Portuguese in north-eastern Argentina along the Brazilian border form the third focus: lexically and grammatically highly cognate languages that are nonetheless kept distinct by speakers (both null-subject languages, albeit with different usage patterns). Results from the three communities reveal a residual resistance against PRONOUN + VERB switches irrespective of the subject-verb configuration, thereby motivating the application of similar techniques to other proposed grammatical constraints.
    [Show full text]
  • Modelo Para Dissertação De Mestrado ESPM
    ESCOLA SUPERIOR DE PROPAGANDA E MARKETING – ESPM/SP PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM COMUNICAÇÃO E PRÁTICAS DE CONSUMO Aliana Barbosa Aires ESTRATÉGIAS DE RENOVAÇÃO DA TELENOVELA: A PRODUÇÃO DE UMA ESTÉTICA DA DIFERENÇA EM CORDEL ENCANTADO São Paulo 2013 ESTRATÉGIAS DE RENOVAÇÃO DA TELENOVELA: A PRODUÇÃO DE UMA ESTÉTICA DA DIFERENÇA EM CORDEL ENCANTADO Dissertação apresentada ao PPGCOM- ESPM como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Comunicação e Práticas de Consumo. Orientador(a): Tânia Márcia Cezar Hoff São Paulo 2013 16 Aliana Barbosa Aires ESTRATÉGIAS DE RENOVAÇÃO DA TELENOVELA: A PRODUÇÃO DE UMA ESTÉTICA DA DIFERENÇA EM CORDEL ENCANTADO Dissertação apresentada à ESPM como requisito parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Comunicação e Práticas de Consumo. Aprovado em 21 de março de 2013. BANCA EXAMINADORA ____________________________________________________________ Presidente: Professora Dra. Tânia Marcia Cezar Hoff. Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing - ESPM – SP. ____________________________________________________________ Membro: Professora Dra. Mônica Rebecca Ferrari. Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing - ESPM – SP. ____________________________________________________________ Membro: Professora Dra. Bárbara Heller. Universidade Paulista - UNIP - SP AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço em primeiro lugar, como não poderia deixar de ser, à pessoa que mais me incentivou a fazer este mestrado, minha querida mãe, que não poupou esforços para que eu realizasse este sonho. Ela é minha luz, minha amiga, minha protetora, e meu grande amor. Mãe, obrigada por ser tudo que és pra mim! Também agradeço a todos meus amigos, os de Teresina, os de Fortaleza, e os de São Paulo que, só pelo prazer de sua companhia constante, alegraram e motivaram meus dias de mestranda. Vocês foram peças fundamentais para que eu conseguisse chegar ao final desta batalha acadêmica.
    [Show full text]
  • Read Book Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar Workbook
    MODERN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE GRAMMAR WORKBOOK PDF, EPUB, EBOOK John Whitlam | 200 pages | 24 Jan 2011 | Taylor & Francis Ltd | 9780415566469 | English | London, United Kingdom Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar Workbook PDF Book That's right, Portuguese! A combination of reference grammar and practical usage manual, Modern Brazilian Portuguese Grammar is the ideal resource for learners of Brazilian Portuguese at all levels, from beginner to advanced. European Vocabulary Grammar Beginner Intermediate. Visit Assimil Portuguese. EasyPortuguese EasyPortuguese contains a number of simplified grammar and vocabulary lessons, along with cheat-sheets that help the users learn the most common phrases. Project Gutenberg Portuguese An extensive collection of public domain books in Portuguese, both fiction and non-fiction, including the works of Fernando Pessoa and the translations of a couple of classics originally written in other languages. Visit FSI Portuguese. All sounds of Portuguese are explained in a way which is accessible for English-speaking students. Middlethought rated it it was amazing Aug 05, The publisher of this book allows a portion of the content to be copied and pasted into external tools and documents. This grammar is very useful for advanced studies since it not only informs you of different options of word choice, but also tells you whether one is used in informal situations such as casual conversations verses more formal settings, and there are several useful references for using Brazilian Portuguese in Business. Visit EasyPortuguese. Combining a clear, practical and accessible style with a methodical and thorough treatment of the language, it equips learners with the essential skills needed to communicate confidently and effectively in Brazilian Portuguese in a broad range of situations.
    [Show full text]