Antiquarisches Wissen Im Werden. Eine Konstellation Um Leibniz Im Frühen 18

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Antiquarisches Wissen Im Werden. Eine Konstellation Um Leibniz Im Frühen 18 1 Antiquarisches Wissen im Werden. Eine Konstellation um Leibniz im frühen 18. Jahrhundert Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Erfurt vorgelegt von Robert Ferdinand Heindl aus München Erfurt 2018 2 URN Nummer urn:nbn:de:gbv:547-202000323 Gutachten Erstes Gutachten: Prof. Dr. Martin Mulsow (Universität Erfurt) Zweites Gutachten: Prof. Dr. Helmut Zedelmaier (Martin-Luther-Universität Halle- Wittenberg) Datum der Promotion: 7.11.2018 Dank Zuvorderst ein herzliches Dankeschön an Prof. Dr. Martin Mulsow für seine Großzügigkeit, sein Verständnis und die Unterstützung, die er für diese Arbeit aufgebracht hat. Darüber hinaus möchte ich auch Herrn Prof. Dr. Helmut Zedelmaier meinen Dank dafür aussprechen, dass er die Zweitbetreuung der vorliegenden Dissertation übernommen hat. Meine Eltern haben das Projekt der Doktorarbeit mit allen ideellen, aber auch fnanziellen Mitteln gefördert – vielen Dank Euch dafür. Zu guter Letzt möchte ich meiner Frau Marion danken für ihre unablässige Energie, ihren Zuspruch und die Hilfestellung in formalen Belangen, mit der sie zum Abschluss dieser Arbeit beigetragen hat. 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1. Einleitung........................................................................................................................................5 1.1 Konstellationsforschung ........................................................................................................5 1.1.1 Konstellationsforschung als philosophiegeschichtliche Methode..........................5 1.1.2 Konstellationsforschung und die historische Anthropologie von Wissen..........11 1.1.3 Antiquarische Themenkomplexe als Denkräume...................................................15 1.2. Theoretische Problemlagen des Denkraums zu sprachwissenschaftlichen Fragen innerhalb der biblischen Frühgeschichte .........................................................................17 1.2.1 Antiquarianismus, Biblischer Antiquarianismus und skeptizistische Krise.......17 1.2.2 Sprachwissenschaft des 17. Jahrhundert im alttestamentarischen Kontext........23 1.3 Die Konstellation um Leibniz, Cuper und La Croze .......................................................27 1.3.1. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz – Biographie und Überlieferungslage.......................27 1.3.2 Gisbert Cuper – Biographie und Überlieferungslage.............................................29 1.3.3 Mathurin Veyssière de la Croze – Biographie und Überlieferungslage..............30 1.3.4 Praktische Motivationslagen: Gemeinsame antiquarische und sprachwissenschaftliche Interessen und Gelehrtennetzwerke der untersuchten Konstellation.........................................................................................32 1.3.5 Praktische Motivationslagen: Die Regeln einer vertrauensbasierten Kommunikation innerhalb der antiquarischen Themenkomplexe.......................38 2. Antiquarischer Themenkomplex 1 von 1708-1710: Persepolis und das Rätsel der Keilschrift.................................................................................43 2.1 Die keilförmigen Schriftzeichen von Persepolis ..............................................................43 2.2 Architektur und Gründungsgeschichte von Persepolis ..................................................56 2.3 Neue Bilder der Ruinen von Cornelis de Bruijn...............................................................64 2.4 Eine Inschrift aus Palmyra in palmyrenisch-aramäischer und griechischer Schrift....73 2.5 Inschriften aus Palmyra und Naksh-i-Rustam..................................................................79 2.6 Zusammenhänge zwischen den Schriftzeichen aus Persepolis, Naksh-i-Rustam und Palmyra............................................................................................................................89 2.7 Die Entstehung der alphabetischen Schrift im biblischen Kontext..............................101 3. Antiquarischer Themenkomplex 2 von 1708-1710: Sibirische Grabfunde und altchinesische Schriftzeichen ....................................................112 3.1 Der hieroglyphische Charakter altchinesischer Schriftzeichen....................................113 3.2 Witsens chinesischer Spiegel aus Sibirien........................................................................125 3.3 Interpretationen der Inschrift auf dem Spiegel...............................................................139 3.4 Witsens Noord een Oost Tartarye, Elefantenknochen und die Sintfut .....................156 3.5 Die Kelto-Skythische Ursprache als Ursprung der Sprache..........................................165 4. Fazit.............................................................................................................................................173 4.1 Argumentation Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz ....................................................................174 4.2 Argumentation Gisbert Cuper ..........................................................................................179 4.3 Argumentation Mathurin Veyssière de la Croze............................................................182 4.4 Die drei Standpunkte im Kontext der Frühaufklärung um 1700..................................184 4 4.5 Topographien der Gelehrtenrepublik – die Konstellationsforschung und neuere digitale Ansätze in den Geisteswissenschaften..................................................190 5. Quellen-, Literatur- und Abbildungsverzeichnis.................................................................195 5.1 Ungedruckte Quellen...................................................................................................195 5.2 Gedruckte Quellen........................................................................................................196 5.3 Monografen...................................................................................................................204 5.4 Sammelbände.................................................................................................................214 5.5 Beiträge aus Sammelbänden und Zeitschriftenartikel.............................................219 5.6 Vorträge, Lexikoneinträge und Webseiten................................................................228 5.7 Abbildungsverzeichnis.................................................................................................230 5 1. Einleitung Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt frühneuzeitliche Briefwechsel der drei Gelehrten Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Gisbert Cuper und Mathurin Veyssière de la Croze in den Jahren zwischen 1708 und 1711. Die drei Gelehrten korrespondierten in diesen Jahren besonders intensiv zu verschiedenen antiquarischen Debatten, die im Rahmen von – zumeist – sprachwissenschaftlichen Fragen in der Zeit um 1700 diskutiert wurden. Um diese inhaltlichen Debatten möglichst adäquat darstellen zu können, soll in dieser Arbeit die Konstellationsforschung1 angewandt werden. Dabei werden als heuristisches Instrument antiquarische Themenkomplexe ins Spiel gebracht, welche es ermöglichen sollen, das in den Briefwechseln zirkulierende, antiquarische ,,Wissen im Werden“ greifbar zu machen. Zu diesem Zweck soll zuerst die Entstehung der Konstellationsforschung kurz beschrieben werden, bevor die antiquarischen Themenkomplexe methodisch genauer erläutert werden, denn in ihnen überschneiden sich die theoretischen Problemlagen eines hinter den Debatten stehenden Denkraums von sprachwissenschaftlichen Fragen im Kontext der biblischen Frühgeschichte um 1700 mit praktischen Motivationslagen, bestehend aus gemeinsamen antiquarischen Interessen der drei Protagonisten der Konstellation und einer vertrauensbasierten Kommunikation in gelehrten Briefwechseln um 1700. 1.1 Konstellationsforschung 1.1.1 Konstellationsforschung als philosophiegeschichtliche Methode Um das methodische Vorgehen, welches in dieser Arbeit angewandt wird, genauer zu erläutern, soll als erstes ein kurzer Abriss über Entstehung und Entwicklung der Konstellationsforschung gegeben werden. Diese entstand als Suche nach verlorenen Teilstücken im Sinne einer Werkgeschichte. Ursprünglich wurde die Konstellationsforschung im Feld der Philosophiegeschichte, genauer gesagt, von dem 1 Henrich, Dieter: Konstellationen. Probleme und Debatten am Ursprung der idealistischen Philosophie 1789-1795, Stuttgart 1991. Henrich, Dieter: Konstellationsforschung zur klassischen deutschen Philosophie. Motiv – Ergebnis – Probleme – Perspektiven – Begriffsbildung in: Mulsow; Stamm (Hgg.): Konstellationsforschung, Frankfurt a. Main 2005, S. 15-31. Henrich, Dieter. Werke im Werden – Über die Genesis philosophischer Einsichten, München 2011. 6 Philosophiehistoriker Dieter Henrich, aus der Beschäftigung mit dem deutschen Idealismus heraus, entwickelt, um den missing link zwischen Kants und Hegels Philosophie auszuleuchten. Wie Henrich schildert, entstand die Konstellationsforschung aus seiner Verblüffung darüber, dass Hegel zur selben Zeit, als Kant noch an einigen seiner Hauptwerke arbeitete, schon dabei war, sein eigenes philosophisches System zu entwerfen, wobei er einerseits kantische Motive entfaltete, andererseits gegen diesen anschrieb in einem Stil, der den kantischen Schriften bereits fern lag. Henrich fragte sich also in der Folge, wie in so kurzer Zeit eine Wandlung des philosophischen Stils und Programms zu Stande gekommen war und schloss im Weiteren daraus, dass Hegel philosophischen Argumentationen ausgesetzt gewesen sein musste, die in der Forschung
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