The First Global Turn: Chinese Contributions to Enlightenment World History
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Eastern and Western Look at the History of the Silk Road
Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN- 2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 9, 2020 EASTERN AND WESTERN LOOK AT THE HISTORY OF THE SILK ROAD Kobzeva Olga1, Siddikov Ravshan2, Doroshenko Tatyana3, Atadjanova Sayora4, Ktaybekov Salamat5 1Professor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected] 2Docent, Candidate of historical Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected] 3Docent, Candidate of Historical Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected] 4Docent, Candidate of Historical Sciences, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected] 5Lecturer at the History faculty, National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Uzbekistan. [email protected] Received: 17.03.2020 Revised: 02.04.2020 Accepted: 11.05.2020 Abstract This article discusses the eastern and western views of the Great Silk Road as well as the works of scientists who studied the Great Silk Road. The main direction goes to the historiography of the Great Silk Road of 19-21 centuries. Keywords: Great Silk Road, Silk, East, West, China, Historiography, Zhang Qian, Sogdians, Trade and etc. © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.09.17 INTRODUCTION another temple in Suzhou, sacrifices are offered so-called to the The historiography of the Great Silk Road has thousands of “Yellow Emperor”, who according to a legend, with the help of 12 articles, monographs, essays, and other kinds of investigations. -
The Silk Roads: an ICOMOS Thematic Study
The Silk Roads: an ICOMOS Thematic Study by Tim Williams on behalf of ICOMOS 2014 The Silk Roads An ICOMOS Thematic Study by Tim Williams on behalf of ICOMOS 2014 International Council of Monuments and Sites 11 rue du Séminaire de Conflans 94220 Charenton-le-Pont FRANCE ISBN 978-2-918086-12-3 © ICOMOS All rights reserved Contents STATES PARTIES COVERED BY THIS STUDY ......................................................................... X ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... XI 1 CONTEXT FOR THIS THEMATIC STUDY ........................................................................ 1 1.1 The purpose of the study ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background to this study ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Global Strategy ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 Cultural routes ................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.3 Serial transnational World Heritage nominations of the Silk Roads .................................................. 3 1.2.4 Ittingen expert meeting 2010 ........................................................................................................... 3 2 THE SILK ROADS: BACKGROUND, DEFINITIONS -
The Web That Has No Weaver
THE WEB THAT HAS NO WEAVER Understanding Chinese Medicine “The Web That Has No Weaver opens the great door of understanding to the profoundness of Chinese medicine.” —People’s Daily, Beijing, China “The Web That Has No Weaver with its manifold merits … is a successful introduction to Chinese medicine. We recommend it to our colleagues in China.” —Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China “Ted Kaptchuk’s book [has] something for practically everyone . Kaptchuk, himself an extraordinary combination of elements, is a thinker whose writing is more accessible than that of Joseph Needham or Manfred Porkert with no less scholarship. There is more here to think about, chew over, ponder or reflect upon than you are liable to find elsewhere. This may sound like a rave review: it is.” —Journal of Traditional Acupuncture “The Web That Has No Weaver is an encyclopedia of how to tell from the Eastern perspective ‘what is wrong.’” —Larry Dossey, author of Space, Time, and Medicine “Valuable as a compendium of traditional Chinese medical doctrine.” —Joseph Needham, author of Science and Civilization in China “The only approximation for authenticity is The Barefoot Doctor’s Manual, and this will take readers much further.” —The Kirkus Reviews “Kaptchuk has become a lyricist for the art of healing. And the more he tells us about traditional Chinese medicine, the more clearly we see the link between philosophy, art, and the physician’s craft.” —Houston Chronicle “Ted Kaptchuk’s book was inspirational in the development of my acupuncture practice and gave me a deep understanding of traditional Chinese medicine. -
Book Chinese Learning College Collection: Dream Pool Essays
Chinese Learning College Collection: Dream Pool Essays (Youth Edition)(Chinese Edition) \ PDF \ GIAIAMYFJS Ch inese Learning College Collection: Dream Pool Essays (Y outh Edition)(Ch inese Edition) By BEI SONG ) SHEN KUO paperback. Condition: New. Ship out in 2 business day, And Fast shipping, Free Tracking number will be provided after the shipment.Paperback. Pub Date: 2012 Pages: 279 Language: Chinese Publisher: Hubei Fine Arts Publishing House National College Collection: Dream Pool Essays (Youth Edition) Shen Kuo set various studies in one of the masterpiece. a book about 1086 to 1093. including three parts of writing. fill the conversation by writing. continued writing . a total of 609. Covering astronomy. calendar. weather. geology. geography. physics. chemistry. biology. agriculture. water conservancy. construction. medicine. history. literature. art. personnel. military. legal and many other areas. Such information has important reference value for studying the Northern Song Dynasty social. political. technological. economic aspects. Xu Lang written in this book excerpt wonderful. and with reference to the results of other collation. be the translation of comments. Contents: Volume I story one dressed degree of contention the Huai hall orpiment change the word Volume II Story Two cases of cervical granted South Course Officer Volume III. a Jun Stone. dialectical Stone Yang Sui illuminated object state solution salt marshes no fixed river sand vanilla steel-making provision of beetle wine the Po Lo Weights and Measures papers dialectical two the... READ ONLINE [ 1.17 MB ] Reviews A whole new e book with a new point of view. This is certainly for all those who statte there had not been a well worth looking at. -
THE G2000 GROUP Owner & Operator of G2000 & U2 Stores H a R V a R D a S I a P a C I F I C R E V I E W
THE G2000 GROUP Owner & Operator of G2000 & U2 Stores H A R V A R D A S I A P A C I F I C R E V I E W V O L U M E VI • I S S U E 2 THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION IN ASIA 6 Whither Biotechnology in Japan? Why biotechnology hasn’t yet taken off By Arthur Kornberg 10 Manchurian Plague Medicine and politics, East and West By William Summers 16 The Future of Chinese Education Educational reform and development in China By Chen Zhili 22 Libraries in Asia New life for libraries in the digital age By Hwa-Wei Lee 25 China’s Manned Space Program What is that all about? By Joan Johnson-Freese 34 Research and Development in China Traditions, transformations, and the future of science and technology policy By Zeng Guoping and Li Zhengfeng 37 Science and Technology in China Personal recommendations for the advancement of Chinese technology By Shing-Tung Yau 44 The Chinese Mindset What science and technology have done for modern China By Song Jian 46 Papermaking in China Ancient science and technology transfer By Pan Jixing 2 Fall 2002 – Volume 6, Number 2 CHINA China and the WTO 50 A report from one year after accession By Jin Liqun Globalization and Federalization 56 New challenges for Asia and the world By Wu Jiaxiang China’s Socioeconomically Disadvantaged 62 Breaking the surface of a challenging problem By Wu Junhua NORTHEAST ASIA Elections in Japan 66 How elections affect the economy By Junichiro Wada North Korea 69 Present and future By Robert Scalapino CENTRAL AND SOUTH ASIA Schooling in Iran 76 Education in Central Asia’s Most Enigmatic Country By Yadollah Mehralizadeh Globalizing What? 79 History, economics, equity, and efficiency By Amartya Sen PAN ASIA Cities and Globalization 83 The present and future of urban space By Saskia Sassen East and West 88 The ideogram versus the phonogram By Shigeru Nakayama Harvard Asia Pacific Review 3 H A R V A R D EDITOR IN CHIEF SAMUEL H. -
Supplied Through the Parthians) from the 1St Century BC, Even Though the Romans Thought Silk Was Obtained from Trees
Chinese Silk in the Roman Empire Trade with the Roman Empire followed soon, confirmed by the Roman craze for Chinese silk (supplied through the Parthians) from the 1st century BC, even though the Romans thought silk was obtained from trees: The Seres (Chinese), are famous for the woolen substance obtained from their forests; after a soaking in water they comb off the white down of the leaves... So manifold is the labor employed, and so distant is the region of the globe drawn upon, to enable the Roman maiden to flaunt transparent clothing in public. -(Pliny the Elder (23- 79, The Natural History) The Senate issued, in vain, several edicts to prohibit the wearing of silk, on economic and moral grounds: the importation of Chinese silk caused a huge outflow of gold, and silk clothes were considered to be decadent and immoral: I can see clothes of silk, if materials that do not hide the body, nor even one's decency, can be called clothes... Wretched flocks of maids labour so that the adulteress may be visible through her thin dress, so that her husband has no more acquaintance than any outsider or foreigner with his wife's body. -(Seneca the Younger (c. 3 BCE- 65 CE, Declamations Vol. I) The Roman historian Florus also describes the visit of numerous envoys, included Seres (perhaps the Chinese), to the first Roman Emperor Augustus, who reigned between 27 BCE and 14 CE: Even the rest of the nations of the world which were not subject to the imperial sway were sensible of its grandeur, and looked with reverence to the Roman people, the great conqueror of nations. -
Jesuit Interpretations of Marvellous Births
226 Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Jesuit Interpretations of Marvellous Births Nos voyageurs missionnaires rapportent, avec candeur, que lorsqu’ils parlèrent au sage empereur Kangxi des variations considérables de la chrono logie de la Vulgate, des Septante, et des Samaritains, Kangxi leur répondit : « Est-il possible que les livres en qui vous croyez se com- battent ? » Voltaire, La Philosophie de l’histoire (1969), p. 153. Our missionary travelers relate, with candour, that, when they spoke to that sage emperor, Kangxi, of the great chronological variations of the Vulgate, of the Septuagint, and of the Samaritans, Kangxi asked them, if it were [really] possible, that the books in which they believed, contra- dicted each other? Voltaire, The Philosophy of History (1829), p. 107. ⸪ Introduction The fourth chapter shifts the focus from conversations between texts within Chinese language and culture to the transfer of these conversations to and between texts of European languages and cultures. More concretely, various interpretations by Jesuit missionaries of the historical texts on marvellous births mentioned by the Chinese classics will be discussed in order to investi- gate some characteristics of intercultural hermeneutics. It will be shown that this transfer was to a large extent shaped by the interpretations that were made by Chinese commentators before the transfer. Moreover it will become clear that the diversity of Chinese interpretations was echoed in a diversity of Jesuit interpretations. Regarding this diversity of Jesuit interpretations, -
SOLI, SOLII ŞI CĂLĂTORI CHINEZI ÎN SPAŢIUL EURASIATIC Scurtă Privire Istorică (II)
SOLI, SOLII ŞI CĂLĂTORI CHINEZI ÎN SPAŢIUL EURASIATIC Scurtă privire istorică (II) ANNA EVA BUDURA Începând de la sfârşitul secolului al XVI-lea, s-a intensificat interesul puterilor din partea occidentală a Eurasiei pentru cunoaşterea întinsului şi fabulosului Imperiu Chinez, moment în care şi curtea imperială chineză a simţit nevoia însuşirii unor cunoştinţe ale ştiinţelor exacte pentru modernizarea observaţiilor astronomice, cartografierii teritoriului şi a apărării naţionale. Mediatorii acestor doua interese au devenit preoţii misionari iezuiţi cu pregătire specială în domeniile de interes ale Curţii Imperiale chineze. Matematicieni, astronomi, cartografi, membrii ai forurilor ştiinţifice franceze, italiene, belgiene, germane, aceşti preoţi pentru a-şi duce la bun sfârşit sarcinile de stat şi cele de propovăduire a credinţei catolice au înţeles să se integreze în societatea chineză, au învăţat limba ţării, şi-au însuşit elementele culturii şi civilizaţiei chineze, au acceptat obiceiurile tradiţionale şi s-au angajat în traducerea operelor fundamentale ale gândirii filosofice chineze, ale literaturii şi culturii chineze. Rezultatele acestui mod de apropiere de lumea chineză au fost benefice atât Chinei, cât şi ţărilor occidentale de baştină ale iezuiţilor, chiar mai mult, culturii întregii Europe, deoarece au contribuit la îmbogăţirea sferei de cunoaştere şi la lărgirea orizontului de referinţă ale intelectualităţii acestora. Datorită eforturilor depuse de misionarii iezuiti, aceste opere clasice chineze traduse au devenit mesagerii civilizaţiei chineze, au pus bazele relaţiilor culturale ale Chinei cu ţările Europei şi au creat premisele naşterii sinologiei - ştiinţei cercetării civilizaţiei chineze. Primul misionar iezuit consemnat în analele istorice chineze a fost Matteo Ricci (1552-1619). El a sosit în China în anul 1583, fiind primit cu multă bunăvoinţă de împăratul dinastiei Ming, Zhu Yujun, (nume postum Shen Zong) (1573-1620), datorită cunoştinţelor sale din domeniile matematicii, algebrei, astronomiei şi cartografierii. -
A History of Forensic Medicine in China
Medical History, 1988, 32: 357-400. A HISTORY OF FORENSIC MEDICINE IN CHINA by LU GWEI-DJEN AND JOSEPH NEEDHAM* INTRODUCTION From the very dawn of civilization, as soon as any ethical conceptions of justice began to be entertained, it must have been incumbent on magistrates and juristic officials everywhere to try to differentiate between accidental death, murder, and suicide. Soon other, similar questions began to arise as well, questions concerned with poisoning, wounding, arson, virginity, miscarriage and the like. Did a man drown by being pushed into the water, or was he already dead when he was thrown in; did he die when his house burned down around him, or was he murdered first? All this comes under the head ofwhat is called forensic medicine, medicaljurisprudence, medico-legal evidence, and the relative participation ofjurists and physicians in developing it is a very interesting story. The advances of anatomy, physiology and pathology evidently bore very markedly on the subject. Broadly speaking, the physicians tended to come into the field, writing learned treatises on all these topics at the time of the Scientific Revolution in Europe, in the days ofGalileo and Vesalius when distinctively modern science was born. Later on we shall look at the history ofthis genre ofwriting in more detail, and yet we shall have to celebrate as our focal point here the greatest work of all the Middle Ages anywhere on forensic medicine, namely the Hsi Yuan Chi Lu [l] (The Washing Away of Unjust Imputations, or Wrongs), written not by a scholar-physician but by a jurist, Sung Tzhu [2], in AD 1247, during the Southern Sung period. -
L'empereur De La
SUITE DES SEIZE ESTAMPES REPRÉSENTANT les CONQUêTES de L’EMPEREUR de la CHINE UN MODELO DE HIBRIDACIÓN CULTURAL PARA EL SIGLO XVIII MARÍA TERESA GONZÁLEZ LINAJE BENÉMERITA UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE PUEBLA ÍNDICE 謝謝 Agradecimientos / 9 介紹 Introducción / 13 José Alfonso Esparza Ortiz 一 1. China en el imaginario occidental: Rector de la antigüedad al siglo XVIII / 27 René Valdiviezo Sandoval 二 2. Del comercio a la cultura: el tránsito de China Secretario General de objeto de curiosidad a elemento cultural de peso / 35 Oscar Gilbón Rosete 三 3. Antecedentes literarios de estampas y libros sobre Tesorero General China: la actividad editorial europea del siglo XVI al siglo XVII / 49 Mercedes Isabel Salomón Salazar Directora de la Biblioteca Histórica José María Lafragua 四 4. Ediciones europeas en torno a China en el siglo XVIII / 65 Editorial Lapislázuli S.A. de C.V. 五 5. Los primeros jesuitas en la corte china: Diseño y producción del proselitismo a la sinología / 73 Adriana Caso Domínguez 六 6. Los jesuitas y la Controversia de los Ritos: orígenes Diseño y formación y relación con la Suite / 79 Ricardo Escárcega Méndez y Juan Jorge Ayala Sánchez 七 7. El encargo de Qianlong: temática y consumo entre Corrección de estilo Oriente y Occidente / 95 八 8. La introducción del grabado europeo en China y la edición original de la Suite: colaboraciones interculturales / 125 九 9. La edición de Helman y la hibridación estética: Suite des seize estampes représentant les conquêtes de l’Empereur de la Chine. divergencias culturales y aciertos / 145 Un modelo de hibridación cultural para el siglo XVIII. -
The Magazine of the Grand Canyon Historical Society
The Ol’ Pioneer The Magazine of the Grand Canyon Historical Society Volume 24 : Number 4 www.GrandCanyonHistory.org Fall 2013 President’s Letter The Ol’ Pioneer The Magazine of the What exactly is “history”? Is it merely the recitation of facts, or a dry, Grand Canyon Historical Society recollection of dates and past events? Does it involve only the recording (or Volume 24 : Number 4 recovery) of information about things that happened a long time ago? Is history Fall 2013 even important in such a modern, well-connected world? I think about these things every time I mention to someone that I am a member of the Grand u Canyon Historical Society. Now and then, someone will look at me sideways as The Historical Society was established if maybe I am “off my rocker” and not yet “old enough” to concern myself with in July 1984 as a non-profit corporation such things. to develop and promote appreciation, I recall my own misconceptions about history when I remember applying understanding and education of the for membership in The Mayflower Society, a group of Mayflower descendants earlier history of the inhabitants and important events of the Grand Canyon. dedicated to cultivating an appreciation and understanding of that seminal event in American history. My reaction upon meeting my fellow members in The Ol’ Pioneer is published by the the Arizona Chapter was shock at their extreme age – I wondered if I might GRAND CANYON HISTORICAL be “too young” to be a member of the group. I soon stopped paying dues, not SOCIETY in conjunction with The wanting to associate myself with such “old folks.” Bulletin, an informational newsletter. -
European Journal of Turkish Studies, 24 | 2017 Sinological Origins of Turcology in 18Th-Century Europe 2
European Journal of Turkish Studies Social Sciences on Contemporary Turkey 24 | 2017 Transturcologiques. Une histoire transnationale des études turques Sinological Origins of Turcology in 18th-century Europe Despina Magkanari Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/ejts/5441 DOI: 10.4000/ejts.5441 ISSN: 1773-0546 Publisher EJTS Electronic reference Despina Magkanari, « Sinological Origins of Turcology in 18th-century Europe », European Journal of Turkish Studies [Online], 24 | 2017, Online since 08 November 2017, connection on 16 February 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ejts/5441 ; DOI : 10.4000/ejts.5441 This text was automatically generated on 16 February 2020. © Some rights reserved / Creative Commons license Sinological Origins of Turcology in 18th-century Europe 1 Sinological Origins of Turcology in 18th-century Europe Despina Magkanari 1 The title of this article may seem paradoxical and therefore calls for some initial remarks*. Firstly, when it comes to the study of knowledge production in the early modern era, we need to discard current disciplinary categories so as to avoid introducing anachronistic projections into a period preceding the rise of specialization and professionalization in scientific research. Indeed, although Enlightenment Orientalists were scholars anticipating a career – mostly in royal institutions – they were mastering as best they could different languages, engaging in multiform activity and diversified production, and holding posts not necessarily connected to their favored area