Giovanni Battista Commentary on the Epistle of Folengo John 1546, 1555

Glossary Ann E Mullaney, 2018-20

Latin English Notes

Aaron Aaron: Old Testament figure ab w/ ABL by, from Abba, undeclined M Father abbas, abbatis M abbot; head of an ecclesiastical community; father abdicatio, abdicationis F renunciation; disowning/ disinheriting; resignation/ abdication abdico, abdicare, resign, abdicate; abolish; disinherit; abdicavi, abdicatus renounce, disapprove of abditus, -a, -um; hidden, secret, remote, secluded; abditior, abditissimus obscure abdo, abdere, abdidi, remove, put away, set aside; depart; abditus hide, keep secret, conceal Abel Abel: Old Testament figure abeo, abire, abivi(ii), depart, go away; go forth; pass abierat (abiverat) abitus away, die, disappear; be changed aberro, aberrare, stray, wander, deviate; go/ be/ do aberravi, aberratus wrong; be unfaithful; escape; disagree abhorreo, abhorrere, abhor, shrink back; be averse to, abhorrui, — shudder at; differ from; be inconsistent abigo, abigere, abegi, drive/ send away/ off; expel, repel; abigendis abactus steal, plunder, rustle; seduce abiectus, -a, -um; downcast, dejected; humble, low, abiectius abiectior, abiectissimus common; subservient; sordid abiicio, abiicere, abieci, throw/ cast away/ down/ aside; abiectus abandon; slight; humble; debase ablatus, -a, -um (see taken away aufero) abluo, abluere, ablui, wash away/ off/ out, blot out, ablutus purify, wash, cleanse; quench ablutio, ablutionis F washing, ablution; pouring on in the liturgy aboleo, abolere, abolevi, destroy, obliterate; kill; banish; put abolitus end to, abolish, rescind aborsus, aborsa, miscarried; brought forth aborsum prematurely abripio, abripere, drag/ snatch/ carry/ remove away abripui, abreptus by force; wash/ blow away; abduct, kidnap abrumpo, abrumpere, break; break off; tear asunder; cut abrupi, abruptus through, sever; remove, separate abs PREP by, from; after Absalon (Absalom) proper name, biblical abscindo, abscindere, tear; cut off/ away/ short; part, abscidi, abscissus break, divide, separate abscondeo, abscondere, hide, conceal, secrete, shelter; leave abscondui, absconditus behind; bury, engulf, swallow up; keep abscondeo, abscondere, hide, conceal, secrete, shelter; leave abscondidi, absconditus behind; bury, engulf, swallow up; keep absens, absentis absent, missing, away, gone; physically elsewhere, non-existent absentia, absentiae F absence; absence from Rome/ duty; non-appearance in court absimilis, absimilis, unlike, dissimilar absimile absolutio, absolutionis finishing, completion; acquittal, F release; perfection; completeness absolutus, -a, -um; fluent; fully developed, complete, absolutior, finished; perfect, pure; absolutissimus unconditional absolvo, absolvere, free, release; acquit; vote for/ secure absolvi, absolutus acquittal; pay off; sum up absorbeo, absorbere, devour; swallow up; engulf, absorbui, absorptus submerge; engross; absorb, suck in; import; dry up abstergo, abstergere, wipe off/ clean/ away, clean away, abstersi, abstersus cleanse, strip off; banish, expel, dispel absterreo, absterrere, frighten off/ away; drive away; absterrui, absterritus deter, discourage; keep away/ withhold from abstineo, abstinere, withhold, keep away/ clear; abstain, abstinui, abstentus fast; refrain; avoid abstraho, abstrahere, drag away from, remove forcibly, abstraxi, abstractus abort; carry off to execution; split absum, abesse, afui, be away/ absent/ distant/ missing; afuturus be free/ removed from; be lacking; be distinct absumo, absumere, spend, waste, squander, use up; absumpsi, absumptus take up; consume; exhaust, wear out absurdus, absurda, out of tune, discordant; absurd, absurdum nonsensical, out of place; awkward, uncouth abundans, abundantis; abundant; overflowing; abounding, abundantior, copious, in large measure; abundantissimus overdone; rich abundanter, abundantly; profusely, copiously; on abundantius, a lavish scale abundantissime ADV abunde ADV abundantly, amply, exceedingly abundo, abundare, abound, have in large measure; abundavi, abundatus overdo, exceed; overflow; be rich/ numerous abundus, abunda, having plenty of water; copious abundum abutor, abuti, abusus waste, squander; abuse; misuse; use sum up; spend; exhaust; misapply; curse abyssus, abyssi F deep, sea; abyss; hell, infernal pit; bowels of the earth; primal chaos academia, academiae F academy, university; gymnasium where Plato taught; school built by Cicero accedo, accedere, come near, approach; agree with; be accessi, accessus added to; constitute accendo, accendere, kindle, set on fire, light; illuminate; accendi, accensus inflame, stir up, arouse; accersio, accersire, —, — send for, summon; indict/ accuse; (alt accerso) fetch, import; invite accerso, accersere, send for, summon; indict/ accuse; accersivi, accersitus fetch, import; invite; invoke; bring on oneself accido, accidere, accidi, fall upon/ down/ to/ at or near, — descend, alight; happen, occur accido, accidere, accidi, cut, cut into/ down/ up, hack, hew, accisus fell; overthrow, destroy; cut short; weaken accingo, accingere, gird on or about, surround; equip, accinxi, accinctus provide; get ready, prepare accio, accire, accivi, send for, summon, fetch; invite; acciri = to be accitus (alt. accieo, -ere) commit suicide summoned/ invited accipio, accipere, take, grasp, receive, accept, accepi, acceptus undertake; admit, let in, hear, learn; obey accusatio, accusationis accusation, inditement; act/ F occasion of accusation; rebuke, reproof accuso, accusare, accuse, blame, find fault, impugn; accusavi, accusatus reprimand; charge acer, acris, acre; acrior, sharp, bitter, pointed, piercing, acerrimus shrill; sagacious, keen; severe, vigorous acerbe ADV harshly; with pain/ severity; premature; cruelly acerbus, -a, -um; harsh, strident, bitter, sour; unripe, acerbior, acerbissimus green, unfinished; grievous; gloomy acervus, acervi M mass/ heap/ pile/ stack; treasure, stock; large quantity; cluster; funeral pile acies, aciei F sharpness, sharp edge, point; battle line/ array; sight, glance; pupil of eye aconiton, aconiti N wolfbane, aconite; aconite as a poison acquiesco, acquiescere, lie with, rest/ relax; repose; acquievi, acquietus acquiesce/ assent/ submit; subside acquiro, acquirere, acquire, obtain, gain, get; add to acquisivi, acquisitus stock; accrue actio, actionis F act, action, activity, deed; incident; plot; legal process, suit; plea actutum immediately, instantly; forthwith aculeus, aculei M sting, spine, thorn, prickle, point, spike; barb; pang, prick; sarcasm acuo, acuere, acui, whet, sharpen, cut to a point; spur acutus on, provoke, incite; come to a head acus, acus F needle, pin; hair-pin; pipefish, needlefish; detail; husks/ chaff acutus, -a, -um; acutior, sharp, sharpened, pointed/ acutissimus tapering; severe; glaring; acute, wise; high-pitched Adam, Adae M Adam, biblical adagium, adagii N proverb; adage adamo, adamare, fall in love/ lust with; love adamavi, adamatus passionately/ adulterously; admire greatly; covet adaugeo, adaugere, increase, augment, intensify; adauxi, adauctus supplement, make more; exaggerate, magnify adblandior, adblandire, flatter, delude; fawn; coax, behave adblanditus sum (also ingratiatingly; allure; please adblandio) addico, addicere, addixi, be propitious; adjudge, sentence, addictus doom; confiscate; award, assign; enslave addisco, addiscere, learn in addition/ further/ besides; addidici, — learn additamentum, addition; additional factor/ additamenti N amount/ element; something added addo, addere, addidi, add, insert, bring/ attach to, say in addiderant additus addition; increase; impart; associate adduco, adducere, lead up/ to/ away; bring up/ to; adduxi, adductus persuade, induce; lead, bring; contract, tighten adeo, adire, adivi(ii), approach; attack; visit, address; adiisse aditus undertake; take possession adeps, adipis C fat, lard, grease; fatty tissue; bombast; corpulence, obesity; sapwood adglutino, adglutinare, glue/ stick/ adhere/ fasten to/ adglutinavi, together; fit/ grip on closely; bring adglutinatus in contact adhaereo, adhaerere, adhere, stick, cling/ cleave to; hang adhaesi, adhaesus on; be attached/ concerned/ involved adhibeo, adhibere, summon, invite, bring in; consult; adhibui, adhibitus put, add; use, employ, apply; hold out to adhortatio, exhortation, encouragement; adhortationis F persuasive speech/ discourse/ appeal adhortor, adhortari, encourage, urge on; rally; exhort adhortatus sum adhuc thus far, till now, to this point; hitherto; yet, as yet; still; besides adigo, adigere, adegi, drive in/ to, force, impel; cast, hurl; adactus consign; bind adiicio, adiicere, adieci, add, increase, raise; add to; suggest; adiectus hurl; throw to/ at adimo, adimere, ademi, withdraw, take away, carry off; adimens ademptus castrate; deprive, steal, seize; annul; rescue adimpleo, adimplere, fill up; fulfill, carry out adimplevi, adimpletus adipiscor, adipisci, gain, secure, win, obtain; arrive at, adeptus sum come up to/ into; inherit; overtake adminiculum, prop, pole, stake; support, stay, adminiculi N bulwark; means, aid, tool administro, administer, manage, direct; assist; administrare, operate, conduct; maneuver; bestow administravi, administratus admirabilis, admirable, wonderful; strange, admirabilis, admirabile astonishing, remarkable; paradoxical, contrary admiratio, admirationis wonder, surprise, astonishment; F admiration, veneration, regard; marvel admiror, admirari, admire, respect; regard with admiratus sum wonder, wonder at; be surprised at, be astonished admistio, admistionis F mixture, admixture, mingling admitto, admittere, urge on, put to a gallop; let in, admisi, admissus admit, receive; grant, permit, let go admodum very, exceedingly, greatly, quite; excessively; just so; certainly, completely admoneo, admonere, admonish, remind, prompt; admonui, admonitus suggest, admonitio, act of reminding; reminder, admonitionis F recurring symptom; warning, advice; rebuke admoveo, admovere, move up, bring up/ near; lean on, admovi, admotus conduct; draw near, approach; apply, add adnitor, adniti, adnixus lean/ rest upon, support oneself, sum kneel; strive, work, adoleo, adolere, adolui, to worship, make/ burn sacrifice/ [also adoleo: adolultus offerings; destroy by fire emit an odor] adolescentulus, very youthful, quite young adolescentula, adolescentulum adolesco, adolescere, grow up, mature, reach manhood/ adolevi, adultus peak; become established/ strong; grow, increase adoptio, adoptionis F adoption of child; adoption into family; grafting adopto, adoptare, adopt, select, secure, pick out; wish/ adoptavi, adoptatus name for oneself; adopt legally adorno, adornare, equip, get ready, prepare; set off; adornavi, adornatus adorn, array, embellish; honor, endow adoro, adorare, adoravi, honor, adore, worship, pay homage, adoratus reverence; beg, plead with, appeal to adrepo, adrepere, creep/ move stealthily towards, adrepsi, adreptus steal up; feel one's way, worm one's way adsum, adesse, arfui, be near, be present, be in arfuturus attendance, arrive, appear; aid advento, adventare, approach, come to, draw near; adventavi, adventatus arrive, "turn up"; come in (tide) adventus, adventus M arrival, approach; visit, appearance, advent; ripening; invasion, incursion adverso, adversare, apply (the mind), direct (the adversavi, adversatus attention); adversor, adversari, be against (w/ DAT), oppose, adversatus sum withstand adversus, -a, -um; opposite, directly facing, ranged adversior, against; adverse, evil, hostile; adversissimus unfavorable adulter, adultera, impure/ adulterated; mixed/ adulterum crossbred; adulterous, unchaste; of adulterer adultera, -ae F adulteress, mistress adulterinus, adulterina, counterfeit, forged, false; impure, adulterinum mixed, crossbred; adulterous, illicit adulterium, adulteri(i) adultery; blending/ mixing of N different strains/ ingredients; contamination adultero, adulterare, - commit adultery, defile (w/ avi, -atus adultery); falsify, counterfeit, debase adulterus, -a, -um adulterous, unchaste adumbro, adumbrare, sketch out, silhouette, outline, adumbravi, adumbratus represent; shade, screen, obscure; feign aduro, adurere, adussi, scorch, singe; burn; consume in fire adustus advenio, advenire, come to, arrive; arrive at, reach, be adveni, adventus brought; develop, set in, arise advento, adventare, approach, come to, draw near; adventavi, adventatus arrive, "turn up"; come in; approximate adversarius, adversaria, opposed, hostile, inimical, adverse; adversarium harmful, injurious, prejudicial adversarius, adversari(i) adversary, enemy, rival, opponent C adversitas, adversitatis adversity; power of counteracting, F efficacy as an antidote adverso, adversare, apply, direct adversavi, adversatus adverto, advertere, turn/ face to/ towards; direct/ draw adverti, adversus one's attention to; steer/ pilot advoco, advocare, call, summon, invite, convoke, call advocavi, advocatus for; call in adytum, adyti N innermost part of a temple, sanctuary, shrine; innermost recesses/ chamber aedes, aedis F temple, shrine; tomb; apartment, room; house, abode, dwelling aedificatio, house; building, edifice, group of aedificationis F buildings, built-up area; act of building aedificium, aedifici(i) N building; edifice, structure aeger, aegra, aegrum; sick/ ill, infirm; unsound, injured; aegrior, aegrius, painful, corrupt; sad/ sorrowful aegerrimus aegre, aegrius, scarcely, with difficulty, painfully, aegerrime ADV hardly; reluctantly, uncomfortably aegritudo, aegritudinis sickness, disease, grief, sorrow; F affliction, anxiety; melancholy aegroto, aegrotare, be sick; be distressed/ mentally/ aegrotavi, aegrotatus morally ill, be afflicted, languish, grieve Aegyptus, Aegypti F Egypt aemulatio, aemulationis rivalry, ambition; unfriendly rivalry; F emulation, imitation aemulator, aemulatoris imitator, rival M aemulor, aemulari, ape, imitate, emulate; be envious, aemulatus sum jealous of, vie with a rival; copy aeneus, aenea, aeneum copper, of copper; bronze, made of bronze, bronze-colored; brazen aenigma, aenigmatis N puzzle, enigma, riddle, obscure expression/ saying aequalis, aequale, equal, similar; uniform, level, flat; aequalior, of the same age/ generation/ aequalissimus duration aequanimitas, calmness of mind, patience, aequanimitatis F tranquility, equanimity; goodwill, favor aeque, aequius, equally, justly, fairly; in like aequissime ADV manner, just as; likewise, also aequitas, aequitatis F justice, equity, fairness, impartiality; symmetry, conformity; evenness aequo, aequare, level, make even/ straight; equal; aequavi, aequatus compare; reach as high or deep as aequus, aequa, -um; level, even, equal, like; just, kind, aequior, aequissimus impartial, fair; patient, contented aer, aeris M air; atmosphere, sky; cloud, mist, aerem weather; breeze; odor aerarium, aerari(i) N treasury aerarius, aerari(i) M lowest class citizen aereus, aerea, aereum M made of/ bound with/ armored with/ of the color of copper/ bronze/ brass aerumna, aerumnae F toil, task, labor; hardship, trouble, affliction, distress aerumnosus, -a, -um full of/ afflicted with trouble/ suffering, wretched; causing distress aes, aeris C money, pay, fare; copper/ bronze/ brass, base metal; debt; gong aestimo, aestimare, value, assess; estimate; reckon; aestimavi, aestimatus consider, judge; esteem aestus, aestus M agitation, passion, seething; raging, boiling; heat/ fire; sea tide/ spray/ swell aetas, aetatis F lifetime, age, generation; period; stage, period of life, time, era aeternitas, -ae F eternity, infinite time; durability; immortality; permanence, aeternus, —a, -um; eternal/ everlasting/ imperishable; aeternior, aeternissimus perpetual, w/ out start/ end aethereus, aetherea, ethereal, heavenly, divine, celestial; aethereum aloft; lofty aevum, aevi N time, time of life, age, old age, generation; lapse of time affabre skillfully, ingeniously, artistically affectus, affectus M affection, passion, love; friendly feeling; goodwill; loved ones affero, afferre, attuli, bring to, carry, convey; report, allata, allaturum, allatus allege, announce; produce, cause attulerunt afficio, afficere, affeci, affect, make impression; move, affectus influence; cause, afflict, weaken affigo, affigere, affixi, fasten/ fix/ pin/ attach to, annex; affixus impress upon; pierce; chain, confine affinis, affinis, affine; neighboring, adjacent, next, affinius affinior, affinissimus bordering; related, connected affinitas, affinitatis F relation by marriage; relationship, bond/ union; neighborhood affirmo, affirmare, affirm/ assert; confirm, ratify, affirmavi, affirmatus restore; emphasize affixus, -a, -um (pp of fastened/ joined to, impressed on, affigo) fixed to; situated close to afflatus, afflatus M breath, snorting; breeze, wind, aflatuum gen. draught, blast; stench; inspiration plur affligo, affligere, afflixi, overthrow/ throw down; afflict, afflictus damage, crush, break, ruin; humble, weaken, vex afflo, afflare, afflavi, blow/ breathe; inspire, infuse; waft; afflatus graze; breathe poison on affluenter, affluentius, abundantly, copiously; luxuriously, affluentissime ADV extravagantly affluentia, affluentiae F flow; abundance, profusion, extravagance, opulence, riotousness ager, agri M field, ground; farm, land, estate, diminutive: park; country; terrain; soil agellum aggravo, aggravare, aggravate, exaggerate; weigh down aggravavi, aggravatus aggredior, aggredi, approach, advance; attack, assail; aggressus sum undertake, seize, attempt agilitas, agilitatis F activity, quickness, nimbleness, ease of movement agito, agitare, agitavi, stir/ drive/ shake/ move about; agitatus revolve; live; control, ride; consider, pursue agmen, agminis N stream; herd, flock, troop, crowd; marching army, column, line; procession agnitio, agnitionis F recognition, knowledge; perception of nature/ identity; avowal, acknowledgement agnosco, agnoscere, recognize, realize, discern; agnovi, agnitus acknowledge, claim, admit to/ responsibility agnus, agni M lamb ago, agere, egi, actus drive/ urge/ conduct/ act; spend; agendum thank; deliver agon, agonis/ os M struggle, contest; public exhibition of games agonotheta, -ae M superintendent of public games cf. to antichrist p. 338 agrestis, agrestis, rustic, inhabiting countryside; rude, agreste wild, savage; of/ passing through fields agricola, agricolae M farmer, cultivator, gardener, agriculturist; plowman, countryman, peasant aio, —, — say, assert; say yes/ so, affirm, assent; prescribe/ lay down alacris, alacris, alacre eager/ keen/ spirited; quick/ brisk; active/ lively alacritas, alacritatis F eagerness, enthusiasm, ardor, alacrity; cheerfulness, liveliness Albaneta, -ae Albaneta, Monte Cassino alea, aleae F game of dice; die; dice-play; gambling, chance, venture, risk, alga, algae F sea-weed; rubbish, uncountable stuff; water plants algeo, algere, alsi, — be/ feel/ become cold/ chilly/ cool; endure cold alibi ADV elsewhere, in another place; in other respects, otherwise; alieno, alienare, alienate, give up, lose possession, alienavi, alienatus estrange; become numb alienus, -a, -um; foreign; unconnected alienior, alienissimus alimentum, alimenti N food/ nourishment, provisions; sustenance, maintenance, livelihood; alms; fuel aliqua ADV somehow, in some way or another, to some extent aliquam ADV largely, to a large extent, a lot of aliquando ADV sometime, at any time, ever; finally; before too late; at length aliquantisper ADV for some time, for a while aliquis, aliqua, aliquid someone; anyone; some alicui DAT PRON aliter ADV otherwise, differently; in any other aliter ac = way otherwise than aliunde ADV from another person/ place, from elsewhere/ a different source/ cause/ material allicio, allicere, allexi, draw gently to, entice, lure, induce, allectus attract, win over, encourage alligo, alligare, alligavi, bind/ fetter; bandage; hinder, aeterno tibi alliga alligatus impede, detain; accuse; implicate memoratu, p. 478 alioqui/ alioquin ADV otherwise, in other/ some respects; besides, else; in any case; in general alloquor, alloqui, speak to; address, harangue, make a allocutus sum speech; call on; console alo, alere, alui, altus feed, nourish, rear, nurse, suckle; alitur cherish; support, maintain, develop altar/ altare, altaris N altar; fittings for burnt offerings; burnt offerings alter, altera, alterum one (of two); second/ another; former/ latter; some person/ thing alternatim ADV alternately, by turns alteruter, alterutra, one (of two), one or the other; [ADV: alterutrum either; both alterutrum = one to another] altitudo, altitudinis F height, altitude; depth; loftiness, profundity, noble-mindedness, secrecy altor, altoris M nourisher, sustainer; foster father, one who raises another's child altrix, altricis F nourisher, sustainer; wet nurse, nurse; foster mother; motherland, homeland altus, -a, -um; altior, high; deep/ profound; shrill; lofty/ altissimus (and pp alo, noble; deep rooted; grown great alere) alvus, alvi C belly, womb, cavity; beehive amabilis, amabile; worthy to be loved, lovable; amabilior, amiable, pleasant; lovely, attractive, amabilissimus delightful amans, amantis; loving/ fond/ affectionate; beloved/ amantior, amantissimus dear to; friendly/ kind; having love/ affection amaracum, i N marjoram amaritudo, bitterness; sharpness, tang, amaritudinis F pungency; harshness amarus, -a, -um; bitter, brackish, pungent; harsh, amarior, amarissimus shrill; sad, calamitous; ill-natured, caustic amator, amatoris M lover; friend, devotee; enthusiastic admirer/ pursuer; one fond of women ambages, ambagis F roundabout way; long story, details; riddle; ambiguity; lie; mystery ambigo, ambigere, —, — hesitate, be in doubt; argue, ambigunt dispute, contend; call in question ambiguitas, ambiguity of meaning; an equivocal ambiguitatis F expression, ambiguity ambiguus, -a, -um ambiguous, wavering, fickle; treacherous, changeable ambio, ambire, ambivi, go round, visit in rotation, inspect; ambitus solicit, canvass; circle, embrace ambitio, ambitionis F ambition; desire for/ currying favor/ popularity, flattery; vote canvassing; pomp ambitiosus, -a, -um; ambitious, eager to please/ for ambitiosior, advancement/ favor; showy; ambitiosissimus winding, twisting ambitus, ambitus M circuit, edge, extent; orbit; show; bribery; circumlocution ambrosius, ambrosia, immortal, divine, of things ambrosium belonging to the gods; ambrosial ambulo, ambulare, walk, take a walk, go on foot; travel, ambulavi, ambulatus march; go about, gad; parade, strut amen amen amens, amentis; insane, demented, out of one's amentior, amentissimus mind; very excited, frantic, distracted; foolish amentia, amentiae F madness; extreme folly, infatuation, stupidity; frenzy, violent excitement amfractus, amfractus M a bend, curvature; circuit, orbit; 1x (anfractus) spiral, coil; circumlocution amicitia, amicitiae F friendship, bond between friends; alliance, association; friendly relations amicus, amica, -um; friendly, dear, fond of; supporting, amicior, amicissimus loyal, devoted; loving amitto, amittere, amisi, lose; lose by death; send away, amissus dismiss; part with; let go/ slip/ fall, drop amnis, amnis M river, stream; current; water; the river Ocean amo, amare, amavi, love, like; fall in love with; be fond amatus of; have a tendency to amodo ADV henceforth, from this time forward; from now; in the future amoenus, amoena, -um; beautiful, attractive, pleasant, amoenior, agreeable, enjoyable, charming, amoenissimus lovely amor, amoris M love; affection; the beloved; Cupid; affair; sexual/ illicit/ homosexual passion amplector, amplecti, surround, encircle, embrace, clasp; amplexus sum esteem; cherish; surround, include, grasp ample, amplius, in liberal manner/ in a dignified amplissime ADV style, handsomely, impressively amplexus, -us M clasp, embrace, sexual embrace; coil (snake); circumference amplius ADV greater number (than); further, more, beyond, besides amplus, -a, -um; great, large, spacious, wide, ample; amplior, amplissimus distinguished, important, honorable ampulla, ampullae F bottle, jar, flask for holding liquids; inflated expressions, bombast amputo, amputare, lop/ cut off, prune, shorten; amputavi, amputatus amputate; eradicate, exclude, take away; castrate amussim ADV with precision amussis, amussis F ruler/ straight edge; precision an CONJ whether; can it be that (introduces question), or; either analogia, analogiae F proportion; analogy/ similarity anathema, anathematis offering; sacrificial victim; curse; N cursed thing; excommunication, anathema anathemo, anathemare, anathematize, anathemize, put anathemavi, under ban; curse; detest anathematus* anceps, ancipitis two headed/ fold/ edged/; faces two directions/ fronts; twofold ancilla, ancillae F slave girl; maid servant; handmaid; nun ancillaris, ancillaris, of/ having status of female slave; ancillare appropriate/ characteristic to that position andabata, andabatae M gladiator who fought blindfolded anetum, aneti N dill anfractus (amfractus) bend, curvature; circuit, round, 1x orbit; spiral, coil; circumlocution angelicus, -a, -um angelic; of an angel; belonging to angels angelus, angeli M angel; messenger ango, angere, anxi, choke, throttle, strangle; press tight; angi: to be vexed anctus distress, cause pain, vex, trouble angor, angoris M suffocation, choking, strangulation; mental distress, anxiety, anguish, vexation anguis, anguis C* snake, serpent; dragon; Draco, Serpens, Hydra angularis, -is, -e; angular, having corners; angular also angularis, -is M vessel angustia, angustiae F narrow passage/ place/ space, strait, pass; difficulties; meanness angustio, angustiare, narrow, reduce width/ size/ angustiavi, angustiatus amount, constrict, limit; choke, crowd together/ hamper anima, animae F soul, spirit, vital principle; life; breathing; wind, breeze; air animadverto, pay attention to, attend to; notice, animadvertere, observe; judge, estimate; punish animadverti, animadversus animal, animalis N animal, living thing/ offspring; creature, beast, brute; insect animans, animantis C animate/ living being, organism, creature; animal/ plant animo, animare, animate, give/ bring life; revive, animavi, animatus refresh; rouse, animate; inspire; blow animose ADV courageously, boldly, ardently animosus, animosa, courageous, bold, strong, ardent, animosum energetic, noble animus, animi M mind; intellect; soul; feelings; heart; spirit, courage, character annalis, annalis M book of annuals/ chronicles; annals, chronicle, history, yearbooks annecto, annectere, tie on/ to, tie up; bind to; fasten on; annexui, annexus attach, connect, join, annex annosus, annosa, aged, old, full of years; long-lived; annosum M immemorial annuntiatio, -onis F annunciation/ announcement, declaration; message; prediction/ prophecy; preaching annuntio, annuntiare, announce, say, make known; report, annuntiavi, annuntiatus bring news; prophesy/ announce before; preach annus, anni M year; age, time of life; year's produce; circuit, course anomalus, -a, -um irregular, anomalous anomos [Greek word] lawless p. 392, play on words anser, anseris C goose ante ADV and PREP before, previously, first, before this, earlier; in front of, before, facing antea ADV before, before this; formerly, previously, in the past anteambulo, forerunner; one who proceeds anteambulonis M another to clear the way anteaquam ADV before antichristus antichrist antedictus, -a, -um said before hand antepono, anteponere, set before, place/ station before, anteposui, antepositus serve; prefer, value above antidotos, antidoti F antidote, remedy antiquitas, antiquitatis antiquity, the good old days; the F ancients; virtues of olden times; being old antiquus, antiqua, -um; old/ ancient/ aged; time-honored; antiquior, simple/ classic; venerable; archaic/ antiquissimus outdated antistes, antistitis bishop, abbot, prelate; master; minister antithesis, antithesis F antithesis, substitution of a letter antonomatice adv using antonomasia: substitution of an antonomasia epithet or title for a proper name antrum, antri N cave; cavern; hollow place with overarching foliage; cavity, hollow; tomb anxius, anxia, anxium anxious, uneasy, disturbed; concerned; careful; prepared with care; troublesome anxie ADV anxiously, meticulously, over- carefully aper, apri C wild boar; a fish aperio, aperire, aperui, uncover, open, disclose; explain, apertus recount; reveal; found; excavate; spread out aperte, apertius, openly, publicly; manifestly; apertissime ADV without disguise/ reserve; clearly, frankly apertus, -a, -um; open/ public/ free; uncovered/ apertior, apertissimus exposed/ opened; frank/ clear/ manifest; cloudless apex, apicis M point, top, summit; cap, crown; conical priest cap; highest honor Apollinaris Appolinaris (d. 382) the Younger bishop, theologian, worked with his fther, A. the Elder apostolicus, apostolica, apostolic; of/ concerning/ apostolicum belonging to an Apostle; title applied to Pope apostolus, apostoli M apostle; missionary apparatus, apparatus M preparation; instruments, equipment, supplies, stock; splendor, pomp, trappings appareo, apparere, appear; be evident/ visible/ apparui, apparitus noticed/ found; show up, occur; serve apparitor, apparitoris M civil servant; lictor, clerk; attendant on a magistrate apparo, apparare, prepare, fit out, make ready, equip, apparavi, apparatus provide; attempt; organize appellatio, appellationis appeal; name, term; noun; title, F rank; pronunciation appello, appellare, call; address; dun; solicit; appeal; appellavi, appellatus bring to court; accuse; name appendo, appendere, weigh out; pay/ give out; hang, appensam appendi, appensus cause to be suspended appetens, appetentis; eager/ greedy/ having appetite for appetentior, (w/ GEN), appetentissimus appetentia, appetentiae desire, longing after, appetite for appetitio, appetitionis F desire, appetite; action of trying to reach/ grasp, stretching out for; grasping appeto, appetere, seek/ grasp after, desire; assail; appetivi, appetitus strive eagerly/ long for; approach apportator M one who conveys apportatorem, acc. used as a noun apporto, apportare, carry/ convey/ bring (to); import; apportavi, apportatus present (play); bring (news); make one's way apprehendo, seize, grasp, cling to, lay hold apprehendere, apprehendi, apprehensus appropinquo, approach (w/ DAT or ad+ACC); appropinquare, come near to, draw near/ nigh appropinquavi, (space/ time); be close appropinquatus apto, aptare, aptavi, adapt, fit, apply, adjust, aptatus accommodate; put on, fasten; prepare, furnish aptus, -a, -um; aptior, suitable, adapted; ready; apt, aptissimus proper; tied to; dependent on apud PREP + ACC at, by, near, among; at the house of; before, in the presence/ writings/ view of aqua, aquae F water; sea, lake; river, stream; rain, rainfall, rainwater; spa; urine ara, arae F altar, structure for sacrifice, pyre; sanctuary; home; refuge, shelter araneolus, araneoli M small spider arbiter, arbitri M eye-witness, on-looker; umpire, judge, arbiter; overseer, lord; arbitrium, arbitri(i) N arbitration; choice, judgment, decision; sentence; will, mastery, authority arbitro, arbitrare, think, judge; consider; be settled/ arbitravi, arbitratus decided on arbor, arboris F (alt. tree; tree trunk; mast; oar; ship; arbos, arbosis) gallows; spearshaft; beam; arca, arcae F box, chest; strong-box, coffer; wealth, money; coffin, bier; cell, cage arcanus, arcana, secret, private, hidden; intimate, arcanum; arcanior, personal; confidential; mysterious, arcanissimus esoteric arceo, arcere, arcui, — ward/ keep off/ away; keep close, confine; prevent, hinder; protect; separate arcesso, arcessere, send for, summon, indict; fetch, capitis arcessunt arcessivi, arcessitus import; invite; invoke; bring on leges oneself archetypus, archetypa, first made; genuine; original; in the archetypum author's hand/ autograph archipresbyter, archpriest, archpresbyter archipresbyteri M arcte, arctius, arctissime closely, tightly, compactly ADV arcto, arctare, arctavi, wedge in, fit/ close firmly; tighten/ arctatus compress/ abridge/ contract; pack/ limit/ cramp arctus, arcta, arctum; close, thick, narrow; short; strict; arctior, arctissimus scanty, brief; bow, rainbow arcula, arculae F small box/ chest/ casket; small jewel/ perfume/ money box; wind- box of an organ arcus, arcus M bow, arc, coil, arch; rainbow; anything arched or curved ardens, ardentis; burning, flaming, glowing, fiery; ardentior, shining, brilliant; eager, ardent, ardentissimus passionate ardenter, ardentius, with burning/ parching effect; ardentissime ADV passionately, ardently, eagerly ardeo, ardere, arsi, be on fire; burn, blaze; flash; glow, arsus sparkle; rage; be in a turmoil/ love ardor, ardoris M fire, flame, heat; brightness, ardor, love, intensity arduus, ardua, -um; steep, high, lofty, towering, tall; arduior, arduissimus erect, uphill; arduous, difficult area, areae F area arena, arenae F sand, grains of sand; sandy land or desert; seashore; arena arenosus sandy argenteus, -a, -um silvery, silver argentum, argenti N silver; money, cash; silver-plate argumentor, support/ prove by argument, argumentari, reason, discuss; draw a conclusion; argumentatus sum proven argumentum, proof; evidence, fact; argument; argumenti N conclusion; reason, basis; subject/ plot arguo, arguere, argui, prove, argue, allege; disclose; argutus accuse, complain of, charge, blame, convict aria, ariae F open space; park, playground; plot; threshing floor; courtyard; site; bald spot aridus, -a, -um; aridior, dry, arid, parched; water/ rain-less; aridissimus; aride ADV dried; thirsty; poor; shriveled; dryly, austerely aries, arietis M ram; battering ram; the Ram; large unidentified marine animal Aristoteles Aristotle (384–322 BCE) Greek philosopher and polymath, author Arius Arius (256-336) theologian armariolum, armarioli little chest/ casket, small cabinet; N bookcase armatus, -a, -um armed, equiped armentum, armenti N herd; a head of cattle, individual bull/ horse; cattle/ horses armum, armi N arms, weapons, armor, shield; close fighting weapons; equipment; arra, arrae F token payment on account, earnest money, deposit, pledge arrhabo, -onis F deposit, down payment, earnest money; pledge; (of love); wedding gift arrideo, arridere, arrisi, smile at/ upon; please, be pleasing; arrisus be/ seem familiar arroganter, arrogentius, insolently, arrogantly, haughtily; arrogentissime presumptuously; in a conceited manner arrogantia, arrogantiae insolence, arrogance, conceit, F haughtiness; presumption arrogo, arrogare, ask, question; arrogate to one's self, arrogavi, arrogatus claim, make undue claim; confer ars, artis F skill/ craft/ art; trick, wile; science, knowledge; method, way; character artifex, artificis skilled, artistic; expert, practiced; cunning, artful; creative, productive artificium, artifici(i) N art/ craft/ trade; skill/ talent/ craftsmanship; art work; method/ trick; technology artolaganus, artolagani kind of fatty cake; (made of meal, M wine, milk, oil, lard, pepper) ascendo, ascendere, climb; go/ climb up; mount, scale; ascendi, ascensus mount up, embark; rise, ascend, move upward ascisco, asciscere, adopt, assume; receive, admit, ascivi, ascitus approve of, associate; take over, claim asilus, asili M gadfly; horse-fly asinus, i M ass, dolt asinus, asina, asinum donkey-like, stupid, asinine asotus, asota, asotum debauched, dissipated, profligate aspectabilis, aspectabile visible, able to be seen; worthy to be ADJ seen, pleasing to look at aspectus, aspectus M appearance, aspect, mien; act of looking; sight, vision; glance, view; horizon asper, -a, -um; asperior, rude/ unrefined; cruel/ violent/ asperrimus savage/ raging/ drastic; stern/ severe/ bitter; hard aspergo, aspergere, sprinkle/ strew on, splatter, splash; aspersi, aspersus defile, stain; cast; inflict asperitas, asperitatis F roughness; severity; difficulty; harshness; shrillness, sharpness; fierceness aspernor, aspernari, despise, scorn, disdain; spurn, push aspernatus sum away, repel, reject; refuse, decline aspicio, aspicere, aspexi, look/ gaze on/ at, see, regard; face; aspectus consider, contemplate assecla, asseclae M follower; attendant, servant; hanger-on, sycophant, creature assentator, -oris M yes-man, toady assentio, assentire, assent, approve, agree in opinion; assensi, assensus admit the truth of, agree assequor, assequi, follow on, pursue, go after; assecutus sum overtake; gain, achieve; equal, rival; understand assero, asserere, lay hands on/ grasp; assert/ state/ asserui, assertus allege; free/ release; claim; protect/ preserve assertio, -onis F assertion, statement; act of declaring slave free; vindication assertor, assertoris M one asserting status of another; restorer of liberty, protector, champion asseveratio, affirmation, earnest assertion; asseverationis F seriousness/ earnestness, gravity assevero, -are, -avi, atus assert emphatically, declare; profess; be serious; act earnestly assidue ADV continually, constantly, regularly assiduus, assidua, -um; constant, regular; unremitting, assiduior, assiduissimus incessant; ordinary; landowning assimilo, assimilare, make like; compare; counterfeit, assimilavi, assimilatus simulate, imitate, pretend, feign, act a part assolet, assolere, —, — it is usual/ wont; it is the custom/ practice; it is the habit assuefieri, assuescere, accustom, become/ grow assuefacias, assuevi, assuetus accustomed to/ used to/ intimate assuescentes with; make familiar assum, adesse, affui, be near, be present, be in affuturus (adsum) attendance, arrive, appear; aid assumo, sumere, take up; begin; suppose, assume; sumpsi, sumptus select; purchase; exact; obtain assumptio, adoption; acquisition, assumption, assumptionis F claim; minor premise; introduction assuo, assuere, assui, sew or patch on causam assuit assutus assurgo, assurgere, rise/ stand up, rise to one's feet/ assurrexi, assurrectus from bed; climb, lift oneself; grow; soar astringo, astringere, tie up/ down/ back/ on/ together/ astrinxi, astrictus tightly; bind, grasp, tighten, fix astrum, astri N star, heavenly body, planet/ sun/ moon; the stars, constellation; sky, heaven asturco, asturconis M Nero's favorite horse; a horse from Asturia in Hispania astus, astus M* craft, cunning, guile; cunning procedure/ method, trick, stratagem astutia, astutiae F cunning, cleverness, astuteness; cunning procedure/ method, trick, stratagem astutus, -a, -um clever, astute, sly, cunning; expert asylum, asyli N place of refuge, asylum, sanctuary; place for relaxation/ recuperation ater, atra, -um; atrior, black, dark; gloomy/ murky; aterrimus unlucky; sordid/ squalid Athanasius Athanasius (c. 296/298-373), Christian theologian atheos, athei M atheist, one who does not believe in God athleta, athletae M wrestler, boxer, athlete, one who is in public games; expert, old-hand; contest atomus, atoma, atomum indivisible, atomic, that cannot be cut atque CONJ and, as well as, as soon as; together and also as, p. with; and moreover, and too, also, 276 now; yet atqui but, yet, notwithstanding, however, rather, well/ but now; and yet, still attempero, attemperare, fit, adjust, accommodate attemperavi, attemperatus attendo, attendere, turn/ stretch towards; apply; attendi, attentus attend/ pay attention to, listen carefully attento, attentare, attack, assail; call into question; try attentavi, attentatus to seduce/ use; make an attempt on, try attentus, -a, -um; attentive, heedful; careful, attentior, attentissimus conscientious, intent; frugal, economical attenuo, -are, -avi, -atus thin (out); weaken, lessen, diminish, shrink, reduce in size attero, atterere, attrivi, rub, rub against; grind; chafe; wear attritam, attriti, attritus out/ down/ away; diminish, impair; attritu, attritum waste attestatio, attestationis testimony, attestation F attestor, attestari, confirm, attest, bear witness to attestatus sum attexo, attexere, attexui, add, join on, link to; weave/ plait attextus on, attach by weaving attineo, attinere, attinui, hold on/ to/ near/ back/ together/ attentus fast; restrain, keep, retain; delay attingo, attingere, attigi, touch, touch/ border on; reach, attactus arrive at, achieve; mention briefly; belong to attonitus, -a, -um astonished, fascinated; thunder- struck, stupefied, dazed attono, attonare, strike with lightning, blast; drive attonui, attonitus crazy, distract attraho, attrahere, attract, draw/ drag together/ in/ attraxi, attractus before/ along; inhale; gather saliva; bend attribuo, attribuere, assign/ allot/ attribute/ impute to; attribui, attributus grant, pay; appoint, put under jurisdiction auctio, auctionis F auction; public sale; property put up for sale at auction auctoritas, auctoritatis F title, ownership; right to authorize/ sanction, power; decree, order aucupium, aucupi(i) N bird-catching, fowling; taking; game/ wild fowl; sly angling for aucupo, aucupare, —, catch, take; hunt after, seek, be on aucupatus the lookout for audax, audacis; bold, daring; courageous; reckless, audacior, audacissimus rash; audacious, presumptuous; desperate audeo, audere, ausus intend, be prepared; dare/ have sum courage, act boldly, venture, risk audio, audire, audivi, hear, listen, accept, agree with; auditus obey; harken, pay attention; be able to hear auditio, -onis F hearing, sense of hearing; hearsay; lecture auditor, auditoris M listener, hearer; disciple, pupil, student aufero, auferre, apstuli, bear/ carry/ take/ sweep/ snatch ablatus away/ off, remove, withdraw; steal, obtain aufugio, aufugere, flee, flee from, shun; run/ fly away, aufugi, — escape; disappear, vanish augeo, augere, auxi, increase, enlarge, augment; spread; auctus honor, promote, raise; exalt; make a lot of augmentum, augmenti increase, waxing; increment; N sustenance; advancement Augustinus, Augustini Augustine M aula, aulae F hall; church/ temple; palace/ castle; inner/ royal court; courtiers; royal power aulaeum, aulaei N canopy/ covering; theater curtain; hangings/ folds, tapestries/ drapery aureus, aurea, aureum of gold, golden; gilded; gold bearing; gleaming like gold; beautiful, splendid auris, auris F ear; hearing; a discriminating sense of hearing auro, aurare, auravi, gild, overlay with gold auratus aurora, aurorae F dawn, daybreak, sunrise; goddess of the dawn; Orient/ East, peoples of the East aurum, auri N gold, gold money, riches ausculto, auscultare, listen; overhear, listen secretly; auscultavi, auscultatus heed, obey auspicatus, -a, -um; consecrated/ approved by auguries, auspicatior, hollowed; auspicious/ fortunate/ auspicatissimus lucky/ happy auspicor, auspicari, take auspices; seek omens; make auspicatus sum ceremonial start; portend austerus, -a, -um; austere, plain; bitter; dry; sharp, austerior, austerissimus pungent; dark, somber, morose ausum, —, —, — intend, be prepared; dare, act boldly, risk aut or, or rather, or else autem CONJ but (postpositive), on the other hand/ contrary; while, however; moreover, also; autoramentum, wages, pay, fee; reward; terms of autoramenti N employment (esp. gladiators) autor [author], authoris seller, vendor; originator; historian; C authority; proposer auxilium, auxili(i) N help, assistance; remedy/ antidote; supporting resource/ force; auxiliaries avaritia, avaritiae F greed, avarice; rapacity; miserliness, stinginess, meanness avarus, -a, -um; avarior, avaricious, greedy; stingy, miserly, avarissimus mean; covetous, hungry for aveo, avere, —, — hail; fare/ be well aversor, aversari, turn oneself away in disgust/ aversatus sum horror, recoil; avoid, shun; refuse, reject averto, avertere, averti, turn away from/ aside, divert, rout; aversus disturb; withdraw; steal, misappropriate aviditas, aviditatis F greed, covetousness; keen desire, lust/ passion; appetite, gluttony avis, avis F bird; sign, omen, portent avoco, avocare, avocavi, call/ summon away; dissuade, avocatus divert, distract; remove, take away avolo, avolare, avolavi, fly/ rush away/ off; hasten away, avolatus flee, vanish; fly away avus (avos), avi M grandfather; forefather, ancestor axioma, axiomatis N axiom, fundamental preposition; principle Babel (Babylon) Babel, biblical place name (Babylon) Babylon, Babylonis Babylon; people of Babylon (Babylonos) F bacca, baccae F berry, fruit of tree/ shrub; olive; pearl; piece/ bead of coral Bacchus, Bacchi M Bacchus, god of wine/ vine; the vine, wine baiulus, baiuli M porter, pall-bearer, carrier of a burden; steward; letter-carrier Balaal Baal: Phoenician deity, used to p. 413 mean false gods, idols, icons balbutio, balbutire, —, stammer, stutter; lisp; speak — obscurely/ indistinctly; babble baptismum, -i N baptism, washing (batismus, -i M) baptizo, baptizare, baptize; immerse baptizavi, baptizatus barathrum, barathri N abyss, chasm, pit; the infernal region, the underworld barba, barbae F beard/ whiskers; large unkempt beard barbaricus, barbarica, outlandish; foreign, strange; barbaricum barbarous, savage; of uncivilized world/ people barbarus, -a, -um; foreign, of/ used by/ typical of barbarior, foreigners; cruel, savage; barbarissimus uncivilized, uncouth Baruch, undeclined N Baruch Basilius and Basilus* Basil, theologian, 330-379 basis, basos/ is F pedestal; base, foundation, support; chord battologian [Greek] yammering, stammering beatitudo, beatitudinis supreme happiness, blessedness, a F blessed condition, beatitude beatus, -a, -um; beatior, happy, fortunate, bringing beatissimus happiness; rich, wealthy, copious, sumptuous beo, beare, beavi, beatus bless, make happy, gladden, delight; enrich (with) bellicus, bellica, of war, military; warlike bellicum belligeror, belligerari, wage or carry on war; be at war belligeratus sum bellua, belluae F beast, wild animal; monster, brute belva* bellum, belli N war, warfare; battle, combat, fight; war; military force, arms bellus, -a, -um; bellior, pretty, handsome, charming, bellissimus pleasant, agreeable, polite; nice, fine, excellent beluus, belua, beluum pertaining to beasts, bestial bene, melius, optime well, very, quite, rightly, agreeably, cheaply, in good style; better; best benedico, benedicere, bless; praise; speak well of; speak benedixi, benedictus kindly of benedictio, blessing; benediction; extolling, benedictionis F praising; consecrated/ sacred object benefacio, benefacere, do service/ good to; make well/ benefeci, benefactus ably; benefit; bless benefactor, benefactoris benefactor; he who does/ confers a M favor/ kindness beneficentia, beneficence, kindness; honorable beneficentiae F treatment beneficiarius, privileged soldiers beneficiari(i) M beneficium, benefici(i) kindness, favor, benefit, service, N help; privilege, right beneficus, -a, -um; beneficent, kind, generous, liberal, beneficentior, serviceable beneficentissimus benemeritus, -a, -um; well-deserved/ due/ deserving benemeritior, benemeritissimus beneplaceo, please; be pleasing to beneplacere, beneplacui, beneplacitus beneplacitum, i N pleasure; approval, favor; good will, gracious purpose; beneuiuendi (bene for living well vivendi) benevolus, -a, -um well-wishing, kind, benevolent, friendly, devoted benignitas, benignitatis kindness, courtesy; friendliness, F benevolence; liberality, favor; bounty; mercy benignus, -a, -um; kind, favorable, obliging; kindly, benignior, mild, affable; liberal, bounteous benignissimus Bern. (Bernardus) St Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153) bestia, bestiae F beast, animal, creature; wild beast, beast of prey in arena bibo, bibere, bibi, drink; toast; visit, frequent; drain; bibitus thirst for; suck bilanx, bilancis ADJ having two scales, balanced in bilance, p. 480 bimembris, bimembris, having limbs of two kinds, part man bimembre part beast bis twice blande, blandius, charmingly, persuasively, blandissime ADV seductively blandimentum, blandishment, coaxing/ wheedling blandimenti N behavior, cajolery; favors; charm, delight blanditia, blanditiae F flattery, caress, compliment; charm, flatteries, courtship blandus, -a, -um; flattering, coaxing; charming; blandior, blandissimus smooth; alluring, attractive blasphemia, -ae F blasphemy; slander; reviling blaspemi [sic] blasphemus, reviling, defaming blasphema, blasphemum blattero, -are, -avi, -atus prate, babble bois shackles, yoke “retis genus“ Du Cange; cf. boghae, “genus laquei ferrei, quo pedes incatenantur,” T. Folengo, Baldus bonitas, bonitatis F goodness, integrity, moral excellence; kindness, benevolence, tenderness bonus, -a, -um; melior, good, honest, brave, noble, kind, optimus right, useful; valid; healthy bos, bovis C* ox; bull; cow; cattle bravium, bravii N prize; reward brevis, breve; brevior, short, little, small, stunted; brief, brevissimus concise, quick; narrow, shallow; humble brevitas, brevitatis F shortness, smallness, narrowness; brevity, conciseness, terseness breviter, brevitius, shortly, briefly, in a nut shell; brevitissime quickly; for/ within a short distance/ time brutus, bruta, brutum heavy, unwieldy, inert; dull, stupid, brute; irrational, insensitive, brutish bubo, bubonis M horned or eagle owl cachinnus, cachinni M loud/ excessive/ boisterous/ derisive laugh, guffaw; jeer cacodaemon (from evil spirit Greek) cacumen, cacuminis N top, peak, summit; shoot, blade of grass, tip of tree/ branch; zenith; limit cadaver, cadaveris N corpse, cadaver; ruined city cadaverosus, -a, -um cadaverous; ghastly cado, cadere, cecidi, fall, sink, drop, plummet, topple; be casus slain, die; end, cease, abate; decay caducus, caduca, ready to fall; tottering/ unsteady; caducum falling, fallen; doomed; perishable; futile; escheatable, caecitas, caecitatis F blindness, darkness; mental/ moral blindness caecus, -a, -um; caecior, blind; unseeing; dark, gloomy, caecissimus hidden, secret; aimless, confused; blindly random; rash caecutio, caecutire, —, be blind, see poorly/ faultily — caeduus, caedua, ready/ suitable for felling caeduum Caesar, Caesaris M Caesar caesim by chopping/ cutting; by hewing/ slashing; in short clauses caeteroqui ADV in other respects, otherwise caeterus, caetera, the other; the others, the caeterum remaining/ rest, all the rest Cain Cain, biblical name calamitas, calamitatis F loss, damage, harm; misfortune/ disaster; military defeat; blight, crop failure calamitosus, -a, -um, calamitous; ruinous, destructive; calamitosior, liable to damage/ disaster; calamitissimus damaged/ miserable calamus, calami M reed, cane; reed pen; reed/ pan pipe; arrow; fishing pole; stalk; sweet flag calco, calcare, calcavi, tread/ trample upon/ under foot, calcatus crush; tamp/ ram down; spurn; copulate calculus, calculi M pebble; stone; piece for reckoning/ voting/ game; calculation calefacio, calefacere, make warm/ hot; heat; excite/ calefeci, calefactus rouse; vex/ trouble; pursue eagerly calidus, -a, -um; calidor, warm, hot, fiery, lusty calidissimus caliginosus, caliginosa, foggy, misty; covered with mist; caliginosum obscure, dark, gloomy; uncertain caligo, caliginis F mist/ fog; darkness/ gloom/ murkiness; moral/ intellectual/ mental dark; dizziness calix, calicis M cup, goblet, a vessel for drinking; chalice; cup of wine; pot; water regulator calleo, callere, callui, — be calloused/ hardened; grow hard; be experienced/ skilled, understand; know how calliditas, calliditatis F shrewdness, skillfulness, skill; craftiness, cunning; subtle tricks callis, callis M* rough/ stony track, path; moorland/ mountain pasture; mountain pass/ defile callum, i N callus, hardness calor, caloris M heat; warmth, glow; warm/ hot/ summer heat/ weather; fever; passion, zeal; love calumnia, calumniae F sophistry, sham; false accusation/ claim/ statement/ pretenses/ objection; quibble calumniator, false accuser; pettifogger, chicaner; calumniatoris M perverter of law; carping critic camelus, cameli M camel, dromedary camerina, -ae F diminutive of camera: room, small roofed boat Campana, -ae F Campana, region in Southern Italy campus, campi M plain; level field/ surface; open space for battle/ games; sea; scope; campus cancellus, cancelli M lattice/ grate/ grid; bars, barrier, enclosure; boundaries/ limits; railings candidus, -a, -um; bright, clear, transparent; clean/ candidior, spotless; lucid; candid; kind; candidissimus innocent, pure candor, candoris M whiteness; snow; bright light; heat, glow; purity; kindness canis, canis dog; hound; subordinate; "jackal"; dog-star/ fish; lowest dice throw; cano, canere, cecini, sing, celebrate, chant; crow; recite; cantus play/ sound; foretell canticum, cantici N song, canticle canticus, cantica, musical canticum cantio, cantionis F song; singing; playing, music; incantation, spell cantus, cantus M song, chant; singing; cry; blast; poem, poetry; incantation canus, cana, canum white, gray; aged, old, wise; hoary; white-capped; white w/ snow capax, capacis; large, spacious, roomy, big; capable, capacior, capacissimus fit, competent; has right to inherit capedo, capedinis F bowl used in sacrifices; capesco, capescere, grasp, take; undertake, manage; capescivi, capescitus pursue with zeal; carry out orders capio, capere, cepi, take hold, seize; grasp; take bribe; captus arrest/ capture; put on; occupy; captivate capitalis, capitale, of/ belonging to head/ life; deadly, capitalior, mortal; dangerous; excellent, first- capitalissimus rate capra, caprae F she-goat, nanny-goat captivitas, captivitatis F captivity/ bondage; capture/ act of being captured; blindness; captives captivus, captiva, caught, taken captive; captured, captivum imprisoned; conquered; of captives capto, captare, captavi, try/ long/ aim for, desire; entice; captatus hunt legacy; try to catch/ grasp/ seize/ reach captus, -a, -um captive, captured caput, capitis N head; person; life; leader; top; source/ mouth; capital carcer, carceris M prison, jail; jailbird; starting barriers at race-course, traps cardo, cardinis M hinge; pole, axis; chief point/ circumstance; crisis; tenon/ mortise; area; limit careo, carere, carui, be without, be devoid of, be free caritus from, lack, lose caritas, caritatis F charity; love, affection, esteem, favor; dearness; high price carnalis, carnalis, carnal, fleshy, bodily, sensual; of the carnale flesh; not spiritual, worldly carnifex, carnificis tormenting, torturing; murderous, killing; deadly caro, carnis F meat, flesh; the body; pulpy/ fleshy/ soft parts, sapwood; low passions carpo, carpere, carpsi, seize/ pick/ pluck/ gather/ browse/ carptus tear off; graze/ crop; tease/ pull out/ card Casinensis, Casinensis related to Monte Cassino in Lazio Casini Monte Cassino in Lazio cassus, cassa, cassum hollow/ empty/ devoid of, lacking; useless/ fruitless/ vain castitas, castitatis F chastity, fidelity; virginity; sexual/ moral/ ritual purity; integrity, morality castrum, castri N fort/ fortress; camp, military camp/ field; army; war service; day's march castus, -a, -um; castior, pure, moral; chaste, virtuous, pious; castissimus sacred; spotless; free from/ untouched by casus, casus M; and PP fall, overthrow; chance/ fortune; of cado accident, cataclysis [cataclisis] flood, flowing down catamitus, catamiti catamite, younger partner in homosexual relationship catena, catenae F chain; series; fetter, bond, restraint; imprisonment, captivity cathedra, cathedrae F armchair, easy chair; cushioned seat/ stool; sedan cauda, caudae F tail; extreme part/ tail of anything; penis; train/ edge cavillosus, cavillosa, full of raillery/ irony cavillosum caula, caulae F railing, lattice barrier; holes, pores, apertures; fold, sheepfold cauponor, cauponari, traffic/ trade in, sell cauponatus sum causa, causae F cause/ reason/ motive; origin, source, derivation; responsibility/ blame; symptom causo, causare, causavi, cause causatus caute, cautius, cautiously; with precautions, cautissime ADV circumspectly, carefully cautio, cautionis F bail/ pledge/ security, undertaking, guarantee; caution/ wariness; circumspection cautis, cautis F rough pointed/ detached rock, loose stone; rocks, cliff, crag; reef cautus, -a, -um; cautior, cautious/ careful; circumspect, cautissimus prudent; wary, on guard; safe/ secure; made safe caveo, cavere, cavi, beware, avoid, take precautions/ cautus defensive action; get surety; stipulate cavillatio, cavillationis F raillery/ banter/ badinage, jeering/ scoffing; sophistry, quibbling, captiousness cavillus, cavilli M jesting, banter cedo, cedere, cessi, go/ pass; withdraw/ leave; step cessus aside/ cede; take place of celeber, celebris -bre; famous, celebrated, renowned; celebrior, celeberrimus honored, distinguished; notorious celebritas, celebritatis F crowding, multitude; fame, renown, reputation; frequency celer, celeris, celere; swift, lively, agile, rapid, speedy, celerior, celerrimus fast; rash, hasty celeriter, celerius, quickly/ rapidly/ speedily; hastily; celerrime soon/ at once/ early moment cella, cellae F storeroom, cellar, larder; temple chamber, sanctuary; room, garret cellula, cellulae F small/ slave's room; lowly dwelling/ hut; whore's crib celo, celare, celavi, conceal, hide, keep secret; disguise; celatus keep in dark/ in ignorance; shield censeo, censere, censui, think/ suppose, judge; recommend; census decree, vote, determine; count/ reckon; assess censor, censoris M censor, magistrate for registration/ census; censurer, critic censura, -ae F office/ power of censor, censorship; appraisal, oversight, control; censure; ecclesiastical punishment centum, centesimus; 100; 100 times, on 100 occasions centie(n)s cerastes, cerastae M horned snake; insect parasitic on figs; horned men of Crete Ceres, Cereris F Ceres; wheat; bread; food cerimonium, cerimonii ceremony; sacred rite/ ritual/ N usage; holy dread, reverence, worship; sanctity cerno, cernere, crevi, sift, separate, distinguish, discern, cretus resolve, determine; see; examine; decide certamen, certaminis N contest, competition; battle, combat, struggle; rivalry; dispute certatim with rivalry, in competition; earnestly, eagerly certitudo, certitudinis F certainty, certitude; assurance; truth certus, -a, -um; certior, fixed, settled, firm; certain; trusty/ certissimus reliable; sure; resolved, determined cerussa, -ae F white lead cespes, cespitis M grassy ground, grass; earth; sod, turf; altar/ rampart/ mound of sod/ turf/ earth cesso, cessare, cessavi, be remiss/ inactive; hold back, leave cessatus off, delay, cease from; rest; be free of ceterus, cetera, ceterum the other; the others, the remaining/ rest, all the rest ceu as, in the same way/ just as; for example, like; as if; as it were Chaos, Chai N Chaos, pit of Hell, underworld; formless/ shapeless primordial matter character, characteris M branded/ impressed letter/ mark/ etc.; marking instrument; stamp, character, style charitas, charitatis F caritas, love of God; charity charus, -a, -um; charior, dear, beloved; costly, precious, charissimus valued; high-priced, expensive Cherinto Cerinthis (fl. c. 50-100) early gnostic Christian Cherubin, undeclined M Cherubim, rank of angels; heavenly choir; cherubs chimaera, -ae F Chimaera, a fabulous female fire- breathing hybrid creature chirographon, own handwriting; handwritten chirographi N document, manuscript; written bond/ charter/ promise chirographum, own handwriting; handwritten chirographi N document, manuscript; written bond/ charter/ promise chrisma, chrismatis N anointing, unction; sacred oil Christianus, -a, -um; Christian Christianior, Christianissimus christiformes nom. pl. Christ-like, fashioned after Christ Chrysostomus St John Chrysostom (c. 347-407) Church father and archbishop cibarius, cibaria, of/ concerning food/ rations; plain/ cibarium common/ servant, black cibo, cibare, cibavi, feed, give food/ fodder to animals/ cibatus men; eat, take food cibus, cibi M food; fare, rations; nutriment, sustenance, fuel; eating, a meal; bait cilium, cilii N upper eyelid; edge of upper eyelid; eyelid, lower eyelid cimerius, -a, -um Cimmerian cinis, cineris ashes; embers, spent love/ hate; ruin, destruction; the grave/ dead, cremation cio, cire, civi(ii), citus move, set in motion; excite/ rouse/ stir up; urge on; summon/ muster/ call up circa ADV around, all around; near also circum circaeus, -a, -um Circean from Circe, enchantress of cantus circaeos Greek mythology circo, circare, circavi, traverse; go about; wander through circatus circueo, circuire, encircle, surround; border; skirt; circuivi(ii), circuitus circulate/ wander through; go/ measure round circuitus, circuitus M going round; circuit; way/ path round; circumference; rotation; (recurring) cycle; circumlocution circum ADV and PREP around, about; about, among, near, also circa in neighborhood of circumamictam circum + amictam: cloaked around, enveloped circumcisio circumcision; cutting around (circunciso), circumcisionis F circumdo (circundo), surround; envelop, post/ put/ circumdare, place/ build around; enclose; beset; circumdedi, pass around circumdatus circumfero (circunfero), carry/ hand/ pass/ spread/ move/ circumferre, circumtuli, take/ cast around; publicize; divulge circumlatus circumfundo pour around (circunfundo), circumfundere, circumfudi, circumfusus circumlocutio, -onis F circumlocution, periphrasis circumspicio, look around/ over/ for, survey; circumspicere, inspect; search for/ seek; examine/ circumspexi, review; ponder circumspectus circumuerto (PASS) turn (oneself) round, (circunuerto), -ere, revolve (round) circumverti, circumversus circumvallo surround with wall/ siegeworks; (circunuallo), blockade; beset, surround with circumvallare, troops/ barriers circumvallavi, circumvallatus circumsedeo besiege/ blockade; surround, mob (circunsedeo), (person), beset; settle round circumsedere, circumsedi, circumsessus circumspargo sprinkle/ spray round about/ (circunspargo), around circumspargere, circumsparsi, circumsparsus circumspecto look about (searchingly), search (circunspecto), -are, - about; examine, watch avi, -atus (suspiciously) circumspicio look around/ over/ for, survey; (circunspicio), inspect; examine/ review; ponder circumspicere, circumspexi, circumspectus circus, circi M race course; circus in Rome, celebration of games; circle; orbit cito, citare, citavi, urge on, encourage; promote, citatus excite; summon; set in motion; move; cite cito, citius, citissime quickly/ speedily; soon; readily; ADV easily citra PREP and ADV on this/ near side of, short of; before; below, less than citus, -a, -um; citior, quick, swift; moving/ acting/ citissimus passing/ occurring quickly civilis, civilis, civile of/ affecting fellow citizens; civil; legal; public; political; unassuming civis, civis C fellow citizen; countryman/ woman; citizen, free person; a Roman citizen civitas, civitatis F community/ city/ town/ state; citizens; citizen rights/ citizenship; naturalization clam without knowledge of, unknown to; concealed/ secret from clamito, clamitare, cry out, yell; shout repeatedly, clamitavi, clamitatus clamor; proclaim; name/ call repeatedly/ loudly clamo, clamare, proclaim, declare; cry/ shout out; clamavi, clamatus shout/ call name of; accompany with shouts clamosus, clamosa, given to/ marked by/ filled with clamosum shouting/ bawling/ yelling; barking clare, clarius, clarissime brightly, clearly; lucidly; ADV illustriously; aloud claritas, claritatis F clarity/ vividness; brightness; distinctness; loudness; celebrity, renown, fame clarus, -a, -um; clarior, clear, bright, gleaming; loud, clarissimus distinct; evident, plain; illustrious, famous claudo, claudere, clausi, close, shut, block up; conclude, clausus finish; blockade; enclose; confine claudo, claudere, clausi, limp, stumble/ falter/ hesitate; be clausus weak/ imperfect; be lame clavis, clavis F door-key; bar/ key for turning a press, lever; hook clemens, clementis; merciful/ loving; lenient/ mild/ clementior, gentle; quiet/ peaceful, easy, clementissimus moderate; compliant clementia, clementiae F mercy/ clemency; compassion; indulgence/ forbearance; gentleness, mildness, calm cliens, clientis client, dependent, vassal; client state/ its citizens, allies cloaca, cloacae F sewer, underground drain; maw of voracious person; privy coacervo, coacervare, heap/ pile up, gather/ crowd coacervavi, coacervatus together; amass, collect; add coaequalis, coaequalis, having same age as; be of equal/ coaequale same age coaeternitas, -atis F co-infinity coalesco, coalescere, join/ grow together; coalesce; coalui, coalitus become unified/ established cochlea, cochleae F; snail, snail shell; spiral; screw; cochleolae. -ae F winding entrance; dimin.: small snail cocus, coci M cook coelestis, coeleste, heavenly, of heavens/ sky, from coelestior, heaven/ sky; celestial; divine; of the coelestissimus God coelitus ADV from heaven; heavenly; from the Emperor; divine coelum, coeli N sky, heaven, heavens; space; air, also coelus,M climate, weather; universe, world; Jehovah coemo, coemere, coemi, buy; buy up coemptus coemptio, coemptionis fictitious marriage to free heiress; F mock sale of estate to free it of burdens coena, coenae F dinner/ supper, principle Roman meal; course; meal; company at dinner coenaculum, coenaculi attic, garret; upstairs dining room; N top/ upper story coenobium, coenobii N monastery; convent; cloister coenosus, -a, -um; muddy; filthy, foul; slimy, marshy; coenosior, impure coenosissimus coenum, coeni N mud, mire, filth, slime, dirt, uncleanness; scum/ filth coeo, coire, coivi(ii), fit together; have sexual coitus intercourse; collect/ gather; meet coepio, coepere/ cepere, begin, commence, initiate; set foot coepi, coeptus on coerceo, coercere, enclose, confine; restrain, check, coercui, coercitus curb; coerce; limit; preserve; punish coetus, coetus M meeting, encounter, assembly; union; band, gang, crowd cogitatio, cogitationis F thinking, meditation, reflection; thought; intention; plan; opinion, reasoning cogito, cogitare, think; consider, reflect on, ponder; cogitavi, cogitatus imagine, picture; intend, look forward to cognitio, cognitionis F examination, inquiry/ investigation; acquiring knowledge; recognition cognitor, cognitoris M guarantor of identity; he who knows/ is acquainted with; attorney cognosco, cognoscere, become acquainted with/ aware of; cognovi, cognitus recognize; learn, find to be; inquire/ examine cogo, cogere, coegi, collect/ gather, round up, restrict/ coactus confine; force/ compel; convene; congeal cohaereo, cohaerere, stick/ cling/ hold/ grow together, cohaesi, cohaesus adhere; embrace; touch, adjoin, be in contact cohaeres, cohaeredis co-heir; joint heir coherceo, cohercere, enclose, confine; restrain, check, cohercui, cohercitus curb, repress; preserve; punish (alt. coerceo) cohibeo, cohibere, hold together, contain; hold back, cohibui, cohibitus restrain, curb, hinder; confine; repress cohonesto, cohonestare, honor, grace; do honor/ pay respect cohonestavi, to; prevent baldness cohonestatus cohorresco, shudder; shiver/ shake cohorrescere, cohorrui, — coitio, coitionis F meeting, encounter; assemblage; conspiracy, plot, coalition; partnership collabor, collabi, collapse, fall down/ in ruin; fall in collapsus sum swoon/ death; slip/ slink collatio, collationis F placing/ putting together, combination; data collation; tribute/ tax collegium, collegi(i) N college/ board; corporation; brotherhood/ guild/ company/ society/ school collibuit, collibuisse, it pleases/ is very agreeable collibitus est colligo, colligere, collegi, collect, assemble, bring/ gather/ collectus hold/ keep together; combine; harvest; pick up colliquesco, melt, liquefy (w/ in+ACC); turn into colliquescere, colliqui, by liquefying; melt along with — colloco, collocare, place/ put/ set in order/ proper collocavi, collocatus position, arrange; station, post, position; apply colloquium, colloquii N talk, conversation; colloquy/ discussion; interview; meeting/ conference; parley colluctatio, struggling, wrestling; struggle, colluctationis F conflict; death struggle/ agony colludo, colludere, play/ sport together; make sport; collusi, collusus act in collusion (with) collusor, collusoris M playmate, companion in play; fellow gambler; one in collusion to hurt another colluvies, colluviei F muck, decayed matter; refuse/ sewage; pig-swill; filth; dregs; cesspool/ mire colo, colere, colui, live in, inhabit; till, cultivate, cultura FUT ACT cultus promote growth; foster, maintain PART colonus, coloni M farmer, cultivator, tiller; settler, colonist; inhabitant coloratus, -a -um; colored; sunburnt/ tanned/ not coloratius coloratior, pallid; swarthy, colored; specious coloratissimus colos, coloris M color; pigment; shade/ tinge; complexion; outward appearance/ show; excuse/ pretext Colossenses Colossians, inhabitants of Colossae in Phrygia, Asia Minor Colossos, Colossi M Colossus of Rhodes; any large statue coluber, colubri M snake; serpent columba, columbae F pigeon; dove columna, columnae F column/ pillar, post/ prop; portico comburo, comburere, burn up/ away; consume/ destroy combussi, combustus w/ fire; reduce to ash, cremate; scald comedo, comesse, —, — eat up/ away, chew up; finish eating; fret, chafe; consume/ devour; waste/ squander comes, comitis Count, Earl; official, magnate; occupant of any state office comessatio, carousing, merry-making, feasting, comessationibus comessationis F (also revelry; Bacchanal procession/ 1x commessatio) rioting commessationib us 1x comis, come; comior, courteous/ kind/ obliging/ affable/ comissimus gracious; elegant, cultured comitium, comiti(i) N place in Forum where comitia were held; comitia, assembly; elections comito, comitare, accompany, go along with; attend; comitavi, comitatus follow; grow alongside commacero, -are, -avi, - macerate, soften by steeping in atus liquid commaculo, -are, -avi, - stain deeply, pollute, defile; atus contaminate, defile morally; sully commarcesco, -ere, wither, shrivel up; fade/ pine away; commarcui, — become weak/ enfeebled/ languid/ commemoratio, remembrance/ commemoration; commemorationis F observance; memory; mention/ citation/ reference commemoro, -are, -avi, recall; keep in mind, remember; -atus mention/ relate; place on record commendabilis, -ile; praiseworthy, notable; be commendabilior, commended, commendable commendabilissimus commendo, -are, -avi, - entrust, give in trust; commit; atus recommend; point out, designate commentarium, notebook, private/ historical commentarioru commentari(i) N journal; register; memo/ note; m, gen. plur. commentary/ treatise commentitius, -a, -um invented, devised, improvised; imaginary; fabricated/ fictitious; forged, false commento, -are, -avi, - delineate, sketch; demonstrate on atus face commentor, -are, think about; study beforehand, commentatus sum practice, prepare; discuss, argue over; imagine; commentum, i N invention; intention, design, scheme, device; fiction, fabrication; argument commercium, trade/ traffic/ commerce; commercii N commercial/ sex intercourse/ relations commertium, -ii N commercial intercourse; sexual [commercium] intercourse/ relations; exchange, commessatio (see feasting, revelry comessatio) comminatio, threat, menace comminationis F comminiscor, devise, think up, invent; fabricate; comminisci, state/ contrive falsely, allege, commentus sum* pretend comminor, comminari, threaten, make a threat comminatus sum commisceo, intermingle, mix together/ up, commiscere, combine; unite/ join sexually commiscui, commixtus committo, committere, bring together, unite/ join, connect/ commisi, commissus attach; put together, construct; entrust commode ADV conveniently/ neatly; aptly/ well; suitably/ properly; helpfully; comfortably; at a good time commodo, -are, -avi, - lend, hire; give, provide; put at atus disposal of, oblige; make fit, adapt commodum, commodi convenience, advantage, benefit; N interest, profit, yield; wages, reward; gift commodus, -a, -um; suitable, convenient, obliging; commodior, opportune/ timely; favorable/ commodissimus lucky; advantageous commollesco, -ere, —, — become soft at the same time/ together commolo, commolere, pound, grind down thoroughly commolui, commolitus commonefacio, recall, remember; call to mind; commonefacere, remind, warn, admonish; impress commonefeci, upon commonefactus commorior, commori, to die together/ with; work oneself commortuus sum to death; perish/ be destroyed together commoror, commorari, stop/ stay/ remain, abide; linger, commoratus sum delay; detain, be delayed; dwell on commoveo, commovere, shake/ stir up, agitate; displace, commovi, commotus disturb, trouble/ worry, upset; jolt; excite communicatio, sharing, imparting; partaking; communicationis F fellowship; communication; consult communico, share; share/ divide with/ out; communicare, receive/ take a share of; receive; communicavi, join with communicatus communio, community, mutual participation; communionis F association; sharing; fellowship; communion communio, communire, fortify strongly, entrench, barricade; communivi, strengthen, secure, reinforce communitus* communis, communis, common/ joint/ public; general/ commune universal; neutral; shared communiter ADV in common, commonly; in joint action; indiscriminately; generally, ordinarily commuto, commutare, change; alter wholly, rearrange, commutavi, replace; transform; exchange, commutatus barter, sell como, comere, comsi, arrange/ do; adorn, make beautiful; comtus* embellish; arrange in order, set out comoedia, comoediae F comedy comparo, comparare, prepare; provide; compose; collect, comparavi, comparatus get together/ hold of; raise; unite compello, compellere, drive together, round up; force, compuli, compulsus compel, impel, drive; squeeze; gnash compendiarius, -a, -um short/ quick compensatio, balancing of items in account, compensationis F offsetting; weighing/ balancing compenso, compensare, balance/ weigh/ offset; get rid of; compensavi, make good, compensate; save/ compensatus secure; short cut comperior, comperiri, learn/ discover/ find; verify/ know compertus sum for certain; find guilty compertum, comperti N ascertained/ proved/ verified fact, certainty; [pro ~o = as certain/ for a fact] compertus, -a, -um; ascertained, proved, verified; [res ~ compertior, fact; w/ male: bad character] compertissimus compesco, compescere, restrain, check; quench; curb, compescui, — confine, imprison; hold in check; block, close competitor, rival, competitor; other candidate competitoris M for office; rival claimant complaceo, complacere, please, take fancy of, capture complacui, complacitus affections of, be acceptable/ agreed to complecto, complectere, embrace, hug; welcome; encircle, complecti, complexus encompass; attain; include, bring in, complementum, complement, something that fills complementi N out/ up or completes complus, compluris many, several, a fair/ good number; more than one compono, componere, compare; place/ put/ collect composui, compositus together, collate; match; store/ hoard; calm compos, compotis in possession/ control/ mastery of; sharing, guilty of, afflicted with; granted comprehendo, -ere, catch/ seize/ grasp firmly; arrest; comprehendi, take hold/ root/ fire, ignite; comprehensus conceive comprehensio, arrest, grasping; comprehension, comprehensionis F understanding; classifying; idea, perception computo, computare, reckon/ compute/ calculate, sum/ computavi, computatus count; take/ include in reckoning; work out concedo, concedere, relinquish/ give up/ concede; concessi, concessus depart; pardon; submit, allow/ permit/ condone concentus, concentus M singing/ playing/ shouting together; harmony; concord; tune; choir conceptus, conceptus M conception; embryo/ fetus; catching fire; storing water; cistern/ basin/ reservoir concerno, concernere, mix/ mingle together; sift/ examine concrevi, concretus concertatio, strife, conflict; wrangling, dispute, concertationis F controversy concieo, concire, move, set in violent motion, stir up; concivi(ii), concitus muster; rouse, excite, incite, provoke conciliator, conciliatoris mediator; intermediary, procurer; M who provides/ prepares/ causes; promoter/ agent concilio, conciliare, unite, bring together/ about; cause; conciliavi, conciliatus win over, attract; acquire, procure, buy concilium, concili(i) N public gathering/ meeting; council; hearing; debate/ discussion concinno, concinnare, prepare/ make ready; repair, put/ concinnavi, concinnatus set right/ in order, touch up; arrange suitably concio, concionis F meeting/ assembly; audience/ speech; public opinion; parade concionator, -oris M preacher; demagogue/ agitator concionor, concionari, address assembly, deliver public concionatus sum speech; preach/ harangue; attend public meeting concipio, concipere, devise; understand, imagine; concepi, conceptus conceive, take in, receive, catch; derive/ draw from; contain/ hold; grasp; adopt; wed concisio, concisionis F dividing up; cutting to pieces/ destruction/ mutilation conclave, conclavis N room, chamber; lockable enclosed 3x space; coop/ cage; public lavatory; dining hall concludo, concludere, shut up, confine; contain, limit; conclusi, conclusus close; include; conceal, keep secret conclusio, conclusionis rounded arrangement of sentence; F peroration, logical conclusion; deduction concoquo, concoquere, cook down; concoct from various concoxi, concoctus ingredients; ripen; put up with; devise concordia, concordiae F concurrence/ mutual agreement/ harmony/ peace; rapport/ amity/ concord/ union; friend concubeo, concubere, lie with; have sexual intercourse 1x concubui, concubitus with concubius, concubia, of lying in sleep 1x concubium conculco, conculcare, tread/ trample upon/ underfoot/ conculcavi, conculcatus down; crush, oppress; despise, disregard concupiscentia, longing, eager desire for; concupiscentiae F concupiscence; desire for carnal/ worldly things concupisco, desire eagerly/ ardently; aim at; concupiscere, concupivi, conceive a strong desire for concupitus concurro, concurrere, run/ assemble/ knock/ snap concurri, concursus together; agree, fit, concur; coincide; make same claim concutio, concutere, shake/ vibrate/ agitate violently; concussi, concussus wave, brandish; strike condemno, condemn, doom, convict; find condemnare, guilty; sentence; blame, censure, condemnavi, impugn condemnatus conditio, conditionis F agreement/ contract; terms, proposal/ option; situation conditor, conditoris M original builder, founder; originator/ creator; author; preserver; organizer condo, condere, put/ insert; store up/ put away; condidi, conditus build/ found, make; conceal/ hide condocefio, condoceferi, be/ become trained/ disciplined/ condocefactus sum taught/ instructed SEMIDEP condono, condonare, give; present; make present of; condonavi, condonatus forgive/ pardon/ absolve; sacrifice to conducibilis, expedient, advantageous; wise, conducibile; advisable; profitable conducibilior, conducibilissimus conduco, conducere, be of advantage/ profitable/ conduxi, conductus expedient; be proper/ fitting/ concerned with; tend to; conduco, conducere, draw/ bring together, collect, conduxi, conductus assemble; unite/ join; cause to curdle/ coagulate confero, conferre, bring together, carry/ convey; contuli, collatus collect/ gather, compare; unite, add; direct/ aim confessio, confessionis confession, creed, avowal of belief/ F faith; acknowledgement of Christ; suffering confestim immediately, suddenly; at once, without delay, forthwith; rapidly, speedily conficio, conficere, make, construct; prepare, complete, confeci, confectus accomplish; cause; perform confidenter, boldly, daringly, with assurance; confidentius, audaciously, impudently, with confidentissime effrontery confidentia, assurance/ confidence; boldness, confidentiae F impudence, audacity; firm belief/ expectation confido, confidere, have confidence in, rely on, trust; confisus sum believe, be confident/ assured; be sure configuro, configurare, mold, shape; form from/ after configuravi, something, fashion accordingly configuratus confiteor, confiteri, confess, admit, acknowledge, reveal, confessus sum disclose; concede, allow; denote conflictatio, struggle, contest, contention; conflictationis F convulsion; dispute; punishing; collision conflictus, -us M clash, collision; impact; fight, contest; impulse; impression confligo, confligere, clash, collide; contend/ fight/ conflixi, conflictus combat; be in conflict/ at war; argue/ disagree confodio, confodere, stab/ run through, wound fatally; confodi, confossus pierce, harm; dig up/ turn over; trench conforto, confortare, strengthen very much; console, confortavi, confortatus comfort; encourage confringo, confringere, break in pieces; shatter/ destroy/ confregi, confractus crush/ ruin/ wreck; subvert/ undo confugio, confugere, flee; take refuge; have recourse/ confugi, confugitus appeal to confundo, confundere, pour/ mix/ mass/ bring together; confudi, confusus combine/ unite/ blend/ merge; spread over, diffuse confuse, confusius, in a confused way vaguely, confusissime ADV fumblingly; indiscriminately confusio, confusionis F mingling/ mixture/ union; confusion/ confounding/ disorder; trouble; blushing/ shame confusus, -a, -um; mixed together/ jumbled/ confusior, disordered; in disorder; indistinct; confusissimus inarticulate congeries, congeriei F heap, pile, mass; collection/ accumulation; the ruins; chaos congero, congerere, collect, bring/ get together, amass; congessi, congestus heap/ pile up/ on; build, construct; compile congiarium, congiari(i) largess for soldiers/ poor; gift in N grain/ oil/ wine/ salt/ money; conglutino, bind conglutinare, conglutinavi, conglutinatus congredior, congredi, meet, approach, near; join in battle, congressus sum come to grips; contend/ engage congregatio, act of forming social group; congregationis F association, community; brotherhood; congregation congrego, congregare, collect/ bring together/ assemble/ congregavi, congregatus convene; flock, congregate; group; concentrate congressus, congressus meeting, interview; assembly/ M conference; encounter; engagement, clash; contest congruo, congruere, agree, coincide, correspond, be congrui, — consistent; be suited, be adapted; fit in conicio, conicere, throw/ put/ pile together; conclude, coniecturas conieci, coniectus infer/ guess; assign, make go; classify, put coniugium, coniugi(i) N marriage/ wedlock; husband/ wife; couple; mating, pair; close connection coniugo, coniugare, join in marriage; form a friendship; coniugavi, coniugatus join together, unite in coniunctio, union; mutual love/ familiarity, coniunctionis F match, fellowship; joint occurrence/ conjunction coniungo, coniungere, connect, join/ yoke together; marry; conunctius coniunxi, coniunctus connect/ compound connaturalis, -is, connatural, innate 2x + 1 Index connaturale connexio, connexionis F junction/ meeting; causal sequence; conclusion/ deduction; connection connitor, conniti, endeavor eagerly; struggle; strain, connisus sum strive conniveo, connivere, close/ screw up the eyes, blink; connivi, — wink at, overlook, turn a blind eye, connive connubium, connubi(i) marriage/ wedlock; right to marry; N act/ ceremony of marriage connumero, reckon in, include in counting/ the connumerare, count; number with, reckon among connumeravi, connumeratus conor, conari, conatus attempt/ try/ endeavor, make an sum effort; exert oneself; try to go/ rise/ speak conquiesco, -ere, rest, take repose/ be quiet, be conquievi, conquietus inactive; pause/ settle down consanesco, heal up; be healed; become whole/ consanescere, consanui, sound/ well consanitus consanguinitas, blood-relationship/ kinship/ consanguinitatis F consanguinity conscientia, knowledge, complicity; conscience; conscientiae F sense of guilt, remorse conscio, conscire, feel guilty; be conscious of; have on conscivi, — conscience; know well conscius, conscia, conscious, aware of, knowing, privy; conscium sharing knowledge consecro, consecrare, consecrate/ dedicate, set apart; consecravi, consecratus hallow, sanctify; deify; curse; vow to a god consensio (consentio), agreement, consent, accordance, consensionis M harmony; unanimity; plot, conspiracy consentaneus, agreeable; consistent/ appropriate/ consentanea, fitting; in harmony with consentaneum consentio, consentire, join/ share in sensation/ feeling; be consensi, consensus in agreement/ harmony; be of the same mind consequentia, -ae F logical consequence; analogy consequor, consequi, follow, go/ come after; attend on; consecutus sum pursue; catch up with, overtake; follow up consero, conserere, connect/ link, fasten/ press/ put conservi, consertus together; construct/ compose; join, engage consero, conserere, sow, plant, set; breed; strew consiti consevi, consitus plentifully/ thickly conservo, conservare, keep safe/ intact, save; preserve, conservavi, conservatus maintain; spare; keep/ observe conservus, conservi M fellow-slave; companion in servitude consessus, consessus M assembly/ gathering/ meeting; audience; court; the right to a place, seat consideratio, gaze/ inspection/ act of looking; considerationis F mental examination/ contemplation/ consideration considero, considerare, examine/ look at/ inspect; consider consideravi, closely, contemplate; investigate consideratus consiliarius, consiliari(i) counselor/ adviser; sharer of M counsels; assessor consilium, consili(i) N debate/ discussion/ deliberation/ consultation; advice/ counsel/ suggestion; adviser consimilis, consimilis, like, very similar; similar in all consimile respects consisto, consistere, stop/ stand/ halt/ cease; pause, constiti, constitus linger; stop spreading/ flowing; take a position consolatio, consolation; comfort/ consolationis F encouragement; consoling fact/ circumstance consolo, consolare, console, cheer, comfort; console consolavi, consolatus oneself, take comfort consors, consortis sharing inheritance/ property; shared, in common; kindred, brotherly, sisterly consortium, consorti(i) sharing, partnership, fellowship, N participation; close connection; partner conspectus, conspectus view, sight; aspect/ appearance/ M look; perception/ contemplation/ survey conspicio, conspicere, observe/ see/ witness; notice; conspexi, conspectus watch; gaze/ stare on; catch/ be in sight of; face conspicuus, conspicua, visible, clearly seen, in sight/ full conspicuum view; illustrious/ notable/ famous/ striking conspiro, conspirare, plot/ conspire/ unite; sound/ act in conspiravi, conspiratus unison; blow together; separate: coil up conspurcatus, -a, -um polluted, defiled constans, constantis; constant, unchanging; steadfast, constantior, resolute; steady, stable; immovable; constantissimus secure constanter, constantius, firmly, immovably; steadily, constantissime constantly, without change; resolutely; loyally constantia, -ae F perseverance; harmony; steadfastness, persistence; firmness; courage; loyalty constat, -are, constitit, it is agreed/ evident/ understood/ constatus est IMPERS correct/ well known constituo, constituere, set up/ in position, erect; place/ constitui, constitutus dispose/ locate; halt; plant constitutio, constitution/ disposition/ constitutionis F structure/ character; arrangement/ organization consto, constare, agree/ correspond/ fit, be correct; constiti, constatus be dependent/ based upon; exist/ continue/ last construo, construere, heap/ pile/ load; make/ build/ construxi, constructus construct; arrange; amass, collect consubstantialis, of like nature/ essence/ quality consubstantialis, consubstantiale consuesco, consuescere, accustom oneself; become/ be consuevi, consuetus accustomed/ used; inure, habituate; familiarize consuetudo, habit/ custom/ usage/ way; consuetudinis F normal/ general/ customary practice, tradition/ convention consulo, consulere, ask information/ advice of; consult, consului, consultus take counsel; deliberate/ consider; advise consultor, consultoris M adviser, counselor, one who gives counsel; client/ one who asks consumo, consumere, burn up, destroy/ kill; put end to; consumpsi, consumptus reduce/ wear away; annul; extinguish consummatio, -onis F final result, conclusion, completion, achievement; consummation; perfection consummatus, -a, -um; complete, perfect, nothing lacking; consummatior, perfect/ consummate consummatissimus consummo, -are, -avi, - add/ reckon/ sum/ make up; finish atus off, end; bring about, achieve/ accomplish; bring to perfection contactus, -us M touch, contact; contagion, infection, pollution; personal association contages, contagis F contact, touch; infection, contagion contaminatio, defilement; pollution, contaminationis F contamination contaminatus, -a, -um; contaminated, polluted, contaminatior, adulterated; used, second-hand, contaminatissimus soiled by use; profane contamino, corrupt, defile, stain, befoul spoil; contaminare, ruin, dishonor contaminavi, contaminatus contans, contantis* hesitant, tardy; clinging contemno, contemnere, think little of; look down on, take contempsi, contemptus poor view of; pay no heed/ disregard/ slight contemplatio, view, survey; taking aim; contemplationis F contemplation, consideration, study; meditation contemplor, observe/ note/ notice, gaze/ look contemplari, hard at, regard; contemplate/ contemplatus sum consider carefully contemptor, despiser; one who looks down on/ contemptoris M scorns; who disregards/ pays no heed contempus, -us M contempt/ scorn; ignominy; disregard; object of contempt contendo, contendere, stretch, draw tight, make taut; contendi, contentus draw/ bend; tune; stretch out contentio, contentionis stretching, tension; strenuous F exercise; comparison contentus, -a, -um; content, satisfied (w/ ABL); content contentior, with; tense, tight, strained, exerted; contentissimus energetic, vigorous, intent, eager contero, conterere, grind, crush, pound to pieces; contrivi, contritus bruise, crumble; rub/ wipe away/ out/ off, expunge contestor, contestari, call to witness; appeal to the gods contestatus sum that; join issue continentia, restraint/ self-control/ abstinence/ continentiae F holding back/ repression contineo, continere, secure, maintain, sustain; fasten/ continui, contentus hold in position; retain, keep safe, preserve contingo, contingere, touch; reach; border on, be contigi, contactus connected with; affect, hit; take (trans) hold, seize; contingo, contingere, happen, befall, turn out, come to contigi, contactus pass, be granted to one; be (intrans) produced continuus, continua, incessant/ unremitting, constantly continuum repeated/ recurring; successive contor, contari, inquire contatus sum contor, contari, delay, impede, hold up; hesitate, cunctatus sum linger; be slow to act; contra ADV and PREP otherwise, differently; facing, face- to-face, in the eyes; towards/ up to; across; in opposite direction contracto, contractare, handle, finger, touch repeatedly; contractavi, feel; handle unlawfully contractatus contractus, contractus shrinking/ narrowing; undertaking; M legal/ commercial agreement/ contract contradico, gainsay/ contradict; speak against/ contradicere, speak for adversary, oppose/ object contradixi, contradictus to/ contest contraho, contrahere, enter into relationship/ agreement, contraxi, contractus deal with, contract, provoke; sadden contrarietas, contrast, opposite; opposition, contrarietatis F contrariety; misfortune, evil contrarium, contrarii N opposite (quantity), reverse/ contrary antithesis; ex contrario = on the contrary contrarius, contraria, opposite, contrary, in contradiction; contrarium antithetical; opposed/ hostile/ adverse contrecto, contrectare, touch repeatedly, handle, finger; contrectavi, feel; handle unlawfully contrectatus contremisco, tremble all over; shake, quake; contremiscere, tremble at/ with fear, be afraid of contremui, — contritio, contritionis F grief, dismay, despondency; grinding contritus, -a, -um contrite; penitent; trite, hackneyed, worn out; common controuerto, -ere, deny, oppose, vocie opposition controverti, controversus controversia, controversy/ dispute; debate; moot controversiae F case debated in school, forensic exercise controversor, dispute; be at variance controversari, controversatus sum contubernium, companionship in a tent; band/ contuberni(i) N brotherhood; shared war tent; apartment/ lodging contumax, contumacis; proud/ unyielding/ stubborn/ contumacior, defiant; insolent/ stiff-necked/ contumacissimus obstinate contumelia, indignity, affront, abuse/ insult; contumeliae F insulting language/ behavior; rough treatment contumeliosus, insulting, outrageous, humiliating; contumeliosa —um rude, insolent, abusive; reproachful contundo, contundere, quell/ crush/ outdo/ subdue utterly; contudi, contusus bruise/ beat; pound to pieces/ powder/ pulp conveniens, fitting; appropriate; comfortable; convenientis; internally consistent, harmonious convenientior, convenientissimus convenio, convenire, come together; agree, harmonize; conveni, conventus be appropriate to, fit, be correctly shaped/ consistent conventio, conventionis assembly of the people F conversatio, way/ manner of life, conduct/ conversationis F behavior; monastic life; frequent resorting converso, -are, -avi, - turn, turn over in the mind, ponder; atus turn around conversor, conversari, consort/ associate (with); be conversatus sum constant visitor (to); conduct oneself, behave/ act abide, live, dwell (somewhere) converto, convertere, turn upside down/ side-to-side; converti, conversus invert/ transpose/ convulse; turn over/ dig convestio, convestire, clothe, dress; cover; cover with convestivi, convestitus clothing; surround convictor, convictoris M messmate, friend, companion; one who lives with a person on intimate terms convictus, -us M intimacy; association; living together; close friends; banquet convinco, convincere, conquer, establish; convince; convici, convictus overcome, demonstrate, prove clearly; grant convitium, conviti(i) N noise, chatter/ outcry/ clamor/ bawling; noise source; noisy importuning convivator, -oris M host, master of feast convivifico, quicken together; revive, give/ convivificare, restore life together convivificavi, convivificatus convivium, convivi(i) N banquet/ feast/ dinner party; guests/ people at party; living together convivo, convivere, live at same time, be contemporary; convixi, convictus spend time in company; live/ dine together convoco, convocare, call/ bring together; assemble; convocavi, convocatus convoke/ convene; summon/ muster; collect cooperator, joint-laborer, co-operator; cooperatoris M coworker, fellow helper; assistant cooperio, cooperire, cover wholly/ completely, cover up; cooperui, coopertus overwhelm, bury deep cooperor, -ari, work with/ together, cooperate, cooperatus sum unite coopto, cooptare, choose, elect; co-opt, admit cooptavi, cooptatus coorior, cooriri, coortus appear, originate; arise, break out; sum be born; spring forth/ to attack copia, copiae F plenty, abundance, supply; troops, supplies; forces; resources; copiose, copiosius, eloquently/ fully, w/ abundant copiosissime ADV provisions, sumptuously/ copiously copiosus, -a, -um; plentiful/ copious/ abundant; well copiosior, copiosissimus supplied/ equipped, w/ ample resources; prolific copula, copulae F string/ rope; tie/ bond, clasp; leash/ harness; mooring cable copulo, -are, -avi, -atus connect, couple, bind together, unite copulor, copulari, connect, join physically, couple; copulatus sum bind/ tie together, associate, unite, ally cor, cordis N heart; mind/ soul/ spirit; intellect/ judgment; sweetheart; souls/ persons coram ADV and PREP in the presence of, publicly; before cordatus, -a, -um; prudent, wise; sensible, judicious; cordatior, cordatissimus endowed with intelligence Corinthius, -a, -um of/ from/ pertaining to Corinth, Corinthian; of Corinthian bronze/ order cornu, cornus N horn; hoof; beak/ tusk / claw; bow; horn/ trumpet; end, wing of army; mountain top cornutus, -a, -um horned; having horns/ horn-like appendages; tusked corona, coronae F crown; garland, wreath; halo/ ring; circle of men/ troops corono, coronare, wreathe, crown, deck with garlands; coronavi, coronatus award prize; surround/ encircle, ring round corporalis, corporalis, of/ belonging/ related to body, corporale physical; having tangible body/ material/ corporeal corporatura, -ae F build, frame; physical/ corporeal structure/ nature corporeus, corporea, corporeal/ material/ physical, corporeum endowed w/ body; fleshy, composed of animal tissue corpus, corporis N body; person, self; virility; flesh; corpse; trunk; frame; collection/ sum correctio, correctionis F amendment, rectification; improvement, correction; word substitution; reproof corrigo, corrigere, correct, set right; straighten; correxi, correctus improve, edit, reform; restore, cure; chastise corripio, corripere, seize/ grasp/ snatch up, lay hold of; corripui, correptus sweep off; carry away; appropriate/ arrogate corroboro, corroborare, strengthen, harden, reinforce; corroboravi, corroborate; mature; make corroboratus powerful, fortify corrumpo, corrumpere, spoil/ rot; taint/ contaminate; corrupi, corruptus damage/ ruin, undo; destroy/ deface; digest; infect corruo, corruere, corrui, fall/ break down, fall to ground/ corrutus from height, collapse; be ruined, come to grief corruptela, corruptelae corruption/ bribery/ suborning; F corrupting/ perverting influence; seduction/ seducing; brothel/ place of seduction corruptio, corruptionis corruption; bribery, seduction from F loyalty; diseased/ corrupt condition corruptus, -a, -um; rotten/ decayed; infected, corrupt; corruptior, degenerate/ decadent; depraved/ corruptissimus venal crabro, crabronis M hornet; wasp crapula, crapulae F drunkenness, intoxication; hangover; resin residue used to flavor wine cras ADV tomorrow; after today, on the morrow; hereafter, in the future crassities (crassities), density; thickness; plumpness, crassitiei F fleshiness crassus, -a, -um; thick/ deep; thick coated; turbid/ crassior, crassissimus muddy; dense/ concentrated/ soli creatio, creationis F begetting of children; creating/ producing; election/ appointment creator, creatoris M creator; maker, author; founder; father; one who appoints creatura, -ae F creation, creature; servant creber, crebra, crebrum; thick/ crowded/ packed/ close set; crebrior, creberrimus frequent/ repeated, constant; numerous/ abundant crebro, crebrius, frequently/ repeatedly/ often, time creberrime ADV after time; thickly, densely credo, credere, credidi, trust, entrust; commit/ consign; creditus believe, trust in, rely on, confide; suppose creo, creare, creavi, create/ make; procreate; produce; creatus elect; conjure up; (PASS) spring from crepido, crepidinis F pedestal/ base/ foundation; dam, bank; pier/ quay, sidewalk; rim cresco, crescere, crevi, come forth/ to be; arise/ spring; be cretus born; become visible/ great; grow cribrum, cibri N sieve; riddle crimen, criminis N indictment/ charge/ accusation; blame/ reproach/ slander; verdict/ judgment criminator, -oris M accuser, slanderer, incriminator criminosus, -a, -um; accusatory/ reproachful; criminosior slanderous/ vituperative; shameful/ dishonoring/ criminal crinis, crinis M hair; lock of hair, tress, plait; plume; tail of a comet crista, cristae F crest/ comb; plume; plant yellow- rattle; clitoris cruciatus, cruciatus M torture/ cruelty; torture form/ apparatus; suffering, severe physical/ mental pain crucifigo, crucifigere, crucify; attach to a cross crucifixi, crucifixus crucio, cruciare, torment, torture; cause grief/ cruciavi, cruciatus anguish; crucify; suffer torture/ agony; grieve crudelis, crudele, cruel/ hardhearted/ unmerciful/ crudelior, crudelissimus severe, bloodthirsty/ savage/ inhuman; harsh/ bitter crudeliter, crudelius, cruelly, savagely, relentlessly; with crudelissime cruel effect cruentus, -a, -um; bloody/ bleeding/ discharging cruentior, blood; gory; blood red; polluted w/ cruentissimus blood-guilt cuiusmodi ADV of whatever kind cuiusmodicunqu e cruor, cruoris M blood, gore; vegetable/ other juice crusto, crustare, encrust/ cover w/ layer/ coating/ crustavi, crustatus plaster; emboss/ carve, decorate w/ relief crux, crucis F cross; hanging tree; impaling stake; crucifixion; torture/ torment/ trouble/ miser cubile, cubilis N bed, couch, seat; marriage bed; lair, den, nest, pen, hive of bees; base, bed cubo, cubare, cubui, lie; recline, incline; lie/ be in bed, cubitus rest/ sleep; be sick/ dead culex, culicis M gnat, midge, similar insect; moving spots before eyes culmen, culminis N height/ peak/ top/ summit/ zenith; roof, gable, ridge-pole; head, chief culpa, culpae F fault/ blame/ responsibility; crime; negligence cultor, cultoris M inhabitant; planter, cultivator; supporter; worshiper; who has interest cultura, -ae F (and FUT agriculture/ cultivation; field; care/ ACT PART of colo) upkeep; training cultus, cultus M habitation; cultivation; civilization, refinement; polish, elegance cum ADV when, at the time; after; since/ although; as soon; while, as (well as); whereas, in that, seeing that; during which cum PREP with, together/ jointly/ simultaneous with, amid; under command/ at the head of; having; using/ by means of cum primis chiefly, pre-eminently, in the highest degree; first of all cumulatus, -a, -um; heaped (up), abounding in; cumulatior, abundant/ vast; augmented cumulatissimus cumulo, cumulare, heap/ pile up/ high, gather into a cumulavi, cumulatus pile/ heap; accumulate, amass; load/ fill full cunctus, cuncta, altogether, in a body; every, all, cunctum entire; total/ complete; whole of cupedia, cupediae F gourmandism; fondness for dainties cupiditas, cupiditatis F enthusiasm/ eagerness/ passion; desire; lust; greed/ usury/ fraud; ambition cupido, cupidinis M desire, love/ lust; desire for gain; Cupid, son of Venus cupidus, -a, -um; eager/ passionate; longing for/ cupidior, cupidissimus desirous of; greedy; wanton/ lecherous cupio, cupere, cupivi, wish/ long/ be eager for; desire/ cupitus want, covet; desire as a lover; favor, wish well cur why, wherefore; for what reason/ purpose?; on account of which?; because cura, curae F concern, worry, anxiety, trouble; attention, care, pains, zeal; cure, treatment curatio, curationis F treatment, surgical operation, medical care; healing/ curing; object of care curator, curatoris M manager, superintendent, supervisor, overseer; keeper; guardian curiositas, curiositatis F curiosity, inquisitiveness; excessive eagerness for knowledge; nosiness curiosus, -a, -um; careful, diligent, painstaking; curiosior, attentive; fussy; meddlesome, interfering curo, curare, curavi, arrange/ see/ attend to; take care curatus of; provide for; worry/ care about; heal/ cure curriculum, curriculi N act of running; race; lap, track; chariot; course of action/ heavenly bodies curro, currere, cucurri, run/ trot/ gallop, hurry/ hasten/ cursus speed, move/ travel/ proceed/ flow swiftly currus, currus M chariot, light horse vehicle; triumphal chariot; triumph; wheels on plow; cart cursor, cursoris M runner; chariot-racer; courier/ carrier/ messenger; footman cursus, cursus M running; speed/ zeal; charge, onrush; forward movement/ march; revolution curulis, curulis, curule pertaining to a rank of state: sella curuli: chair ADJ consul/ praetor/ curule aedile of state 1x curvo, curvare, curvavi, bend/ arch, make curved/ bent; curvatus form a curve; make stoop/ bow/ yield; influence custodio, custodire, guard/ protect/ preserve, watch custodivi, custoditus over, keep safe; take heed/ care, observe; restrain custos, custodis guard; sentry/ watch; guardian/ protector/ keeper; doorkeeper/ watchman/ janitor cutis, cutis F skin; external appearance, surface; person, body; leather/ hide; rind; membrane cyminum, cymini N cummin/ cumin Cyprianus, Cypriani M Cyprian Cyrillus, Cyrilli M Cyril daemon, daemonis M spirit, supernatural being, about 20x intermediary between man and god; demons evil demon/ devil daemonion, daemonii N spirit; Socrates' indwelling genius; daemonia p. 508; familiar; little spirit; demon/ devil daemonum gen. pl. damnatio, damnationis condemnation; obligation under a F will; adverse judgment damno, damnare, pass/ find guilty; deliver/ condemn/ damnavi, damnatus sentence; harm/ damn/ doom damnum, damni N financial/ property/ physical loss/ damage/ injury; forfeiture/ fine; lost possession dator, datoris M giver, donor, patron; slave who hands the ball to the player David, Davidis M David de PREP w/ ABL down/ away from, from, off; about, of, concerning; according to; with regard to dea, deae F goddess deamo, deamare, love dearly; be passionately/ deamavi, deamatus desperately in love with; be delighted with/ oblige deargento, deargentare, take/ deprive/ strip of silver/ deargentavi, money; silver/ plate over deargentatus debacchor, debacchari, rage; rave; revel wildly; rage debacchatus sum without control debello, debellare, fight out/ to a finish; bring a battle/ debellavi, debellatus war to an end; vanquish, subdue debeo, debere, debui, owe; be indebted/ responsible for/ debitus obliged/ destined; ought, must, should debilis, debile; debilior, weak/ feeble/ frail; crippled/ debilissimus disabled; wanting/ deprived; ineffective debilitas, debilitatis F weakness, infirmity, debility, lameness; feebleness decanto, decantare, chant, recite singing; reel off, repeat decantavi, decantatus often/ harp on; prattle; bewitch/ enchant decedo, decedere, withdraw/ retire, go off/ away, decessi, decessus depart, leave; relinquish/ cease; desert/ abandon decens, decentis appropriately/ decently, with good taste; pleasingly, gracefully decenter; decentius, appropriately/ decently, with good decentissime taste; becomingly, pleasingly, gracefully decerno, decernere, decide/ settle/ determine/ resolve; decrevi, decretus decree/ declare/ ordain; judge; vote for/ contend decerto, -are, -avi, -atus fight to the finish, contend/ dispute/ argue; struggle/ compete over decet, decere, decuit, — it is fitting/ right/ seemly/ suitable/ IMPERS proper; it ought; become/ adorn/ grace decido, decidere, decidi, detach, cut off/ out/ down; fell; cut/ decisus notch/ carve to delineate; flog thoroughly deciduus, decidua, falling; hanging down; tending to be deciduum dropped, cast; deciduous decimo, decimare, choose by lot every tenth man; decimavi, decimatus make tithe offering decipio, decipere, cheat/ deceive/ mislead/ dupe/ decepi, deceptus trap; elude/ escape notice; disappoint/ frustrate/ foil declaro, declarare, declare/ announce/ make known; declaravi, declaratus indicate, reveal, testify, show/ prove; mean declino, declinare, decline/ conjugate/ inflect; change declinavi, declinatus word form, modify declivis, declivis, declive sloping, descending, sloping downwards; shelving; tending down; falling decoctor, decoctoris M insolvent person, defaulting debtor; ruined spendthrift decoquo, decoquere, boil/ melt; stew; heat to boiling; decoxi, decoctus smelt, fuse; consume decor (decus), decoris beauty/ good looks; ornament; M grace/ elegance/ charm; propriety decoro, decorare, adorn/ grace, embellish/ add beauty decoravi, decoratus to; glorify, honor/ add honor to; do credit to decrepitus, decrepita, worn out, feeble, decrepit; infirm; decrepitum very old decretum, i N doctrine, decree; verdict decubo, decubare, get down (from a bed); lie away decubavi, decubatus from/ out of (one's bed) decurro, decurrere, run/ hurry/ rush/ flow/ slope decucurri, decursus down; hasten; travel downstream; come to land/ end decus, decoris N glory/ splendor; honor/ distinction; deeds; dignity/ virtue; decorum; grace/ beauty dedecus, dedecoris N disgrace/ dishonor/ discredit/ shame/ infamy; misbehavior; vice, turpitude dedisco, dediscere, unlearn, forget, put out of one's dedidici, — mind; lose the habit of, forget dedo, dedere, dedidi, give up/ in, surrender; abandon/ deditus consign/ devote; yield, hand/ deliver over deduco, deducere, lead/ draw/ / pull/ bring/ stretch deduxi, deductus down/ away/ out/ off; escort; eject/ evict deerro, deerrare, go astray, wander off; miss, stray deerravi, deerratus from target/ goal; err/ make a mistake/ go wrong defaeco, defaecare, strain/ clear; cleanse, remove defaecatiorem... defaecavi, defaecatus dregs/ impurities from; defecate; mentem set at ease defatigatio, -onis F weariness, fatigue; physical/ mental exhaustion defectio, defectionis F desertion/ revolt/ defection; failure/ deficiency; ellipsis; eclipse defendo, -ere, defendi, defend, fend, ward off; avert, defensus prevent; support, preserve defensio, defensionis F defense/ protection; act of defending; argument/ justification in defense, excuse defensor, defensoris M defender/ protector; supporter/ champion/ apologist; defendant; defense advocate deferveo, defervere, go through or cease a process of deferbui, — heating/ fermentation; rage furiously deficio, deficere, defeci, fail, disappoint, let down; leave defectus without a sufficiency; cease to be available definio, definire, define/ bound/ fix/ limit/ mark; definivi, definitus restrict/ confine; assign, ordain; lay down definitio, definitionis F definition, precise description; specification; fixing/ marking a boundary deflagro, -are, -avi, - burn down; abate; be burnt down/ atus out deflecto, deflectere, bend downwards; bend; turn, deflexi, deflexus change course/ direction of; deflect defleo, deflere, deflevi, weep for; mourn loss of; express/ defletus feel sorrow about; lament/ bewail deforis ADV outside, from outside; out of doors; abroad deformis, -is, deforme; deformed/ misshapen/ disfigured; deformior, shameful/ base; inappropriate deformissimus deformitas, deformitatis ugliness, deformity, blemish, F disfigurement; disrepair; disgrace, degradation deformo, deformare, design/ shape/ fashion/ model; deformavi, deformatus outline; describe, sketch in words, delineate defungor, defungi, have done with, finish, bring/ come defunctus sum to end; discharge; defunct degeneratio, degeneration degenerationis F degenero, degenerare, be inferior to ancestors/ unworthy; degeneravi, degeneratus deteriorate/ decline; lower oneself deglutio, -ire, -ivi, -itus swallow down; overwhelm, abolish dego, degere, degi, — spend/ pass; spend/ bide one's time in; carry on, wage; degusto, -are, -avi, -atus taste, try a little; glance at; judge dehonesto, -are, -avi, - dishonor, discredit, disgrace; dehonestantes atus disparage deiero, deierare to swear, take an oath deiformis, deiformis, god-shaped, God-like deiforme deinceps ADV (also in order/ succession/ turn; one after ADJ) another; very next, hereafter; thereafter deinde and dein ADV then/ next/ afterward; henceforth/ from there/ then; in next position/ place deitas, deitatis F deity; divine nature deiicio, deiicere, deieci, throw/ pour/ jump/ send / put/ deiectus push/ force / knock/ bring down; cause to fall/ drop; hang delabor, delabi, slip/ fall/ glide/ fly/ flow down; fall delapsus sum freely/ out of control/ prostrate; slip into delatio, delationis F accusation/ denunciation; laying charge; indicting; informing; offering an oath delectabilis, delectabile, enjoyable, delectable, delightful, delectabilior, agreeable delectabilissimus delectatio, delectationis conferring delight; (source of) F delight; straining; inclination/ futile straining to void bowels/ bladder delecto, delectare, delight, please, amuse, fascinate; delectavi, delectatus charm, lure, entice; be a source of delight delectus, -us M discrimination/ distinction; levy/ delectu: also conscription; choosing, choice supine of deligo delego, -are, -avi, -atus assign/ appoint; delegate/ entrust (to); consign; transfer; attribute deleo, delere, delevi, erase, wipe/ scratch/ remove, wipe/ deletus blot out, expunge, delete deliberatio, deliberation/ consultation, deliberationis F consideration; deliberative style speech delibero, deliberare, weigh/ consider/ deliberate/ deliberavi, deliberatus consult; ponder/ think over; resolve/ decide to delibo, delibare, skim/ flake/ scrape off; channel off; delibavi, delibatus pick out a choice specimen; perform delibuo, delibuere, besmear; anoint with a liquid delibui, delibutus delicatus, -a, -um; luxurious/ sumptuous, addicted to delicatior, pleasure; self-indulgent/ delicatissimus comfortable; pampered delicia, deliciae F favorite/ pet/ darling/ beloved; man (delitia) w/ fine taste/ gourmet; delight/ fun (usu. pl.), luxuries; toys; erotic verse; delicio, -are, -avi, -atus to charm, to delight Dicolatin; and delitio delicio, delicere, —, —* entice/ lure (from one's preoccupations); allure (from the right way) delictum, delicti N (pp fault/ offense/ misdeed/ crime/ delinquo) transgression; sin deligo, deligere, delegi, pick/ pluck off, cull; choose, select, delectus levy, enroll; conduct a levy delinio, -are, -avi, -atus delineate; trace the outline of; sketch out delinio, delinire, mitigate, mollify, smooth down, deliniri delinivi, delinitus soothe; soften, cajole; bewitch, charm, entice delinquo, delinquere, fail, be wanting/ lacking, fall short; deliqui, delictus offend/ do wrong/ err/ commit offense delirus, -a, -um crazy, insane, mad; senseless, silly delitia (delicia), -ae F delight/ fun (usu. pl.), luxuries; toys; erotic verse; favorite/ pet/ darling/ beloved; man w/ fine taste/ gourmet; delitio, -are, -avi, -atus to charm, to delight (delicio)* delubrum, delubri N shrine; temple; sanctuary deludo, deludere, deceive/ dupe; play false/ mock/ delusi, delusus make sport delyris (deliris) crazy, insane, mad; senseless, silly demando, demandare, entrust, hand over, commit; lay, demandavi, charge demandatus demento, -are, -avi, - drive mad/ crazy; bewitch; delude; atus rave demens, dementis out of one's mind/ senses; demented, mad, wild, raving; reckless, demereo, demerere, oblige, please, win the favor of; demereri pass. demeri, demeritus earn, merit, deserve inf. demetior, demetiri, weigh out, measure by weight; demensus sum measure out/ off; lay out demigro, demigrare, emigrate; migrate; depart/ remove/ demigravi, demigratus withdraw/ go away demissio, demissionis F letting/ lowering down; extension downward; sinking; dejection/ lowering of spirit demitto, demittere, drop, let fall; sink; send/ cast/ go/ demisi, demissus flow/ float/ slope down; flow/ shed/ let demo, demere, dempsi, take/ cut away/ off, remove, demptus withdraw; subtract; take away from demolior, demoliri, throw/ cast off, remove; pull/ tear demolitus sum down, demolish/ destroy/ lay waste; abolish demonstro, point out/ at/ to, draw attention to; demonstrare, explain/ describe/ show, give an demonstravi, account of demonstratus demorior, demori, die; die off/ out, become extinct; be demortuus sum gone; Demosthenes, Demosthenes (384-322 BCE) Demosthenis M Athenian stateman and orator denego, denegare, deny; say that... not; deny/ refuse denegavi, denegatus denique finally, in the end; and then; at worst; in short, to sum up; in fact, indeed dens, dentis M tooth; tusk; ivory; tooth-like thing, spike; destructive power, envy, ill will densus, -a, -um; thick/ dense/ solid; crowded/ thick densior, densissimus planted/ packed/ covered denudo, denudare, strip, denude, lay bare, uncover; denudavi, denudatus reveal/ disclose; expose; rob/ plunder/ despoil denuo anew; for a second time, once more; in turn deorsum ADV down, downwards, beneath, below; in lower situation depasco, depascere, graze/ feed/ pasture; devour/ eat depavi, depastus up; waste/ consume; lay waste dependo, dependere, pay over/ down; pay; expend; dependi, depensus spend, lay out; bestow depereo, deperire, perish/ die; be lost/ totally deperivi(ii), deperitus destroyed; be much in love with/ love to distraction depingo, depingere, paint, depict, portray; describe; depinxi, depictus decorate/ color w/ paint; embroider deploro, deplorare, weep/ lament/ mourn for/ cry over; deploravi, deploratus deplore, complain of; lose; despair depono, deponere, put/ lay down/ aside/ away; let deposivi, depositus drop/ fall; give up; resign; deposit/ entrust/ commit depopulatio, plundering/ pillaging/ sacking/ depopulationis F marauding/ ravaging/ laying waste depopulor, depopulari, sack/ plunder/ pillage/ rob/ depopulatus sum despoil; ravage/ devastate/ destroy/ lay waste; overgraze deposco, deposcere, demand peremptorily; ask for depoposci, — earnestly; require; request earnestly; challenge depravo, depravare, distort/ deform/ twist, make depravavi, depravatus crooked; mislead/ pervert; deprave, corrupt deprecor, deprecari, avert by prayer; entreat/ pray/ beg; deprecatus sum intercede/ beg pardon/ relief/ exemption deprehendo, seize/ catch; catch napping/ red- deprehendere, handed; surprise/ pounce on; arrest; intercept deprehendi, deprehensus deprimo, deprimere, suppress/ repress/ depress/ silence, depressi, depressus force/ weigh, keep down, disparage; sink depugno, depugnare, fight hard/ it out, do battle; fight depugnavi, depugnatus against and kill; stop fighting derelinquo, leave behind/ abandon/ discard; derelinquere, dereliqui, forsake/ desert; neglect; leave derelictus derelict; bequeath derideo, deridere, mock/ deride/ laugh at/ make fun derisi, derisus of; be able to laugh, escape, get off scot free derisio, derisionis F mockery, scorn, derision derivatio, derivationis F heading away, turning away, diversion; derivation derivo, derivare, draw/ lead off, divert/ turn aside; derivavi, derivatus derive/ draw on; form derivative derogo, derogare, subtract/ remove/ diminish/ derogavi, derogatus detract; disparage; repeal/ set aside/ modify descendo, descendere, descend, climb/ march/ come/ go/ descendi, descensus flow/ run/ hang down; dismount; penetrate/ sink descisco, desciscere, desert/ defect/ revolt; deviate/ descivere descivi, descitus abandon standard/ principle; degenerate; fall away describo, describere, describe/ draw, mark/ trace out; descripsi, descriptus copy/ transcribe/ write; establish desero, deserere, leave/ depart/ quit/ desert; forsake/ deserui, desertus abandon/ give up; withdraw support deses, desidis idle, lazy, indolent; inactive, sluggish desiderium, desideri(i) desire/ longing/ want/ N requirement; desire/ grief/ regret for dead/ absent/ loss desidero, desiderare, desire/ want, long/ wish for, desideravi, desideratus request, require/ need; miss, lack; lose desidia, desidiae F idleness, slackness; inactivity; remaining in place; leisure; indolence, sloth desido, desidere, desidi, sink/ settle down, subside; sit — down; defecate; be depressed; deteriorate desino, desinere, desivi, stop/ end/ finish, abandon/ leave/ desitus break off, desist/ cease; come to/ at end/ close desisto, desistere, stop/ cease/ desist; give up, leave; destiti, destitus dissociate oneself desolo, desolare, forsake/ abandon/ desert; leave desolavi, desolatus alone/ without; empty of people; deprive/ rob despectio, despectionis disdain; act of looking down on; also despicientia F despising, contempt desperatio, desperation; desperate action/ desperationis F conduct/ health; despair/ hopelessness despero, -are, -avi, -atus despair; give up hope; give up as hopeless despicientia,-ae F contempt for, indifference to, despising despicio, despicere, look down on/ over; relax attention; despexi, despectus* disdain, despise; express contempt for despondeo, despondere, betroth, promise in marriage; despopondi, desponsus pledge, promise; despair/ yield/ give up destillo, destillare, drip/ trickle down; wet/ sprinkle; destillavi, destillatus distill; have dripping off; fall bit by bit destino, destinare, fix in mind/ fasten down; aim/ fix destinavi, destinatus on target, mark out destituo, destituere, fix/ set, set up, make fast; leave destitui, destitutus destitute/ without; render void destructio, destructionis destruction, demolishing, pulling F down; refutation destruo, destruere, demolish, pull/ tear down; destroy, destruxi, destructus ruin; refute desum, deesse, defui, be wanting/ lacking; fail/ miss; defuturus abandon/ desert, neglect; be away/ absent/ missing desumo, -ere, desumpsi, to choose, pick out, take for one’s desumptus self detego, detegere, detexi, uncover/ disclose/ reveal; expose, detectus lay bare; fleece; unsheathe; remove; unroof —, deterior, deterrimus low, bad, inferior, weka; degenerate deterreo, deterrere, deter; frighten away; discourage, deterrui, deterritus put/ keep off, avert; frighten/ terrify detestabilis, detestabile; detestable, execrable, abominable; detestabilior subject to detestation/ curse detestatio, detestationis castration; removal of testes F detestor, detestari, call down solemn curse on, detestatus sum execrate; detest/ loathe; avert, ward off by entreaty detineo, detinere, detain, hold; hold off, keep away; detinui, detentus hold prisoner; retain; occupy detraho, detrahere, rag/ pull/ strip/ take down/ away/ detraxi, detractus off; remove; exclude, omit, cut out; subtract detrecto, detrectare, refuse, decline, reject, evade, recoil detrectavi, detrectatus from detrimentum, diminishment; detriment; harm/ detrimenti N loss/ damage; reverse/ defeat detrudo, detrudere, push/ thrust/ drive/ force off/ detrusi, detrusus away/ aside/ from/ down; expel; dispossess; postpone deturbo, deturbare, upset/ topple, bring tumbling down; deturbavi, deturbatus dislodge; strike/ beat to ground deturpo, deturpare, disfigure, ruin appearance of; deturpavi, deturpatus discredit; disparage; defile deus, dei M God (Christian text); god; divine essence/ being, supreme being; devasto, devastare, devastate, lay waste; ravage; devastavi, devastatus slaughter devenio, devenire, come to, arrive/ turn up; go; reach; deveni, deventus land; turn to; extend to devincio, devincire, tie/ bind up, hold/ fix fast; devinxi, devinctus subjugate; obligate/ oblige/ constrain; unite closely devinco, -ere, devici, subdue; defeat decisively, conquer/ devictus overcome entirely devio, deviare, deviavi, detour; stray; depart deviatus devium, devii N secluded places devotio, devotionis F devotion by general/ army to infernal gods for country; curse; spell/ sorcery devoveo, devovere, devote, consecrate; vow, promise devovi, devotus solemnly; mark out, appoint; curse, execrate dexter, dextra, -um; right, on/ to the right hand/ side; dexterior, dextimus skillful/ dexterous/ handy diabolicus, diabolica, devilish/ diabolic; characteristic of/ diabolicum proceeding/ derived from the devil diabolus, diaboli M devil; The Devil, Satan, Prince of Evil/ Darkness; evil one diadema, diadematis N diadem/ crown; ornamental headband; dominion; preeminence dialogismos (Greek) reasoning, “the thinking of a man deliberating with himself” diameter, diametri M diameter dico, -are, -avi, -atus dedicate/ consecrate; deify; devote; attach to another state; assign; show dico, dicere, dixi, dictus say, declare, state; talk/ speak; make speech; pronounce, utter, mean; name, call dicterium, dicterii N joke, witticism; witty saying; bon mot dies, diei C day; daylight; open sky; weather differentia, differentiae difference/ diversity/ distinction; F distinguishing characteristic; different kind differo, differre, distuli, postpone/ delay/ differ; put off, dilatus keep waiting; give respite to; differ, disagree difficilis, difficile; difficult, troublesome; hard; hard to difficilior, difficillimus please/ manage/ deal with/ carry out difficultas, difficultatis difficulty; trouble; hardship/ want/ F distress/ poverty; obstinacy diffidentia, diffidentiae distrust, mistrust; unbelief; want of F faith; suspicion; disobedience diffido, diffidere, distrust; despair; lack confidence, diffisus sum SEMIDEP despair; expect not diffiteor, diffiteri, — disavow, deny diffundo, diffundere, diffuse; spread/ pour out/ widely; diffundi, diffusus bottle/ draw off; squander, distribute lavishly digero, digerere, digessi, scatter/ disperse; carry/ move digestus away; distribute/ disseminate; divide off, separate; arrange, organize, classify; enumerate; dissolve, dissipate morbid matter; consider maturely digitus, digiti M finger; toe; finger's breadth, inch; twig digladiatio, -onis F a fight, strife; insult digladior, digladiari, fight; fight/ struggle fiercely; digladiatus sum contend; flourish sword dignatio, dignationis F esteem/ regard/ respect; repute/ reputation, honor/ dignity; rank/ status digne, dignius, worthily; appropriately/ suitably; in dignissime a fitting manner; becomingly dignitas, dignitatis F worth, excellence; fitness/ suitability; honor, esteem, standing dignosco, dignoscere, discern/ distinguish/ separate, dignovi, dignotus recognize as distinct; make distinction dignus, digna, dignior appropriate/ suitable; worthy, deserving, meriting; worth digredior, digredi, depart; come/ go away; part/ digressus sum separate/ deviate; divorce; digress/ leave digressio, digressionis F separation, parting, departure, Diminutive: going away; G:digression digressiuncula diiudico, diiudicare, decide, settle; adjudicate/ judge; diiudicavi, diiudicatus distinguish, discern dilabor, dilabi, dilapsus run/ flow/ slip away, spread; sum dissolve/ melt away, disperse dilanio, dilaniare, tear to pieces; shred; rend/ pull dilaniavi, dilaniatus asunder dilato, dilatare, dilatavi, widen/ broaden, expand/ enlarge/ dilatatus extend/ spread/ dilate; prolong; flatten/ roll out dilectio, dilectionis F love; delight, pleasure; goodwill dilectus, -a, -um; beloved, dear; loved dilectior, dilectissimus (pp diligo) diligentia, -ae F diligence/ care/ attentiveness; economy/ thrift; industry; love diligenter, diligentius, carefully; attentively; diligently; diligentissime scrupulously; thoroughly/ completely/ well diligo, diligere, dilexi, love, hold dear; value/ esteem/ dilectus favor; have special regard for dilucidus, -a, -um; plain, clear, distinct, evident; lucid; dilucidior, clear, bright; transparent dilucidissimus diluo, diluere, dilui, wash; dissolve and carry away; dilutus purge/ clear/ empty; drench diluvium, diluvi(i) N flood, inundation; deluge; destruction dimano, dimanare, run/ flow down; percolate; flow dimanavi, dimanatus different ways; descend; descend from dimico, dimicare, fight, battle; struggle/ contend/ dimicaturus dimicui, dimicatus strive; brandish weapons; be in conflict/ peril diminuo, diminuere, shatter; break; dash to pieces; diminui, diminutus violate/ outrage; lessen/ diminish dimitto, dimittere, send away/ off; allow to go, let go/ dimisi, dimissus off; disband, discharge, dismiss dimoveo, dimovere, put/ set aside, dismiss, divert; dimovi, dimotus displace/ remove; exercise, move about dinosim divine, godlike Dionysius, Dionysi(i) M Dionysius; Dennis; St Dennis of Paris dipsas, dipsadis F snake direptio, direptionis F plundering/ pillage/ sacking; struggle for share; scramble; stealing; rape dirigo, dirigere, direxi, arrange/ set in line/ direction; directus align; set in order; form up, fall in dirimo, dirimere, pull/ break/ take apart; cleave; sort; diremi, diremptus break up/ dissolve diripio, diripere, diripui, pull/ tear apart/ to pieces/ away; direptus tear asunder/ to shreds; pull out/ off; divert diruo, diruere, dirui, demolish/ wreck/ destroy, pull dirutus down, raze to ground; overthrow; bankrupt dirus, -a, -um; dirior, awful/ dire/ dreadful; ominous/ dirissimus frightful; skillful dis, ditis; ditior, rich/ wealthy; richly adorned; ditioribus ditissimus fertile/ productive; profitable; sumptuous discedo, discedere, go/ march off, depart, withdraw; discessi, discessus scatter, dissipate; abandon; lay down discerno, discernere, see, discern; distinguish, separate discrevi, discretus discerpo, discerpere, pluck or tear in pieces; rend, discerpsi, discerptus mutilate, mangle discindo, discindere, cut in two, divide discidi, discissus disciplina, disciplinae F teaching, instruction, education; training; discipline; method, science, study discipulus, discipuli M student, pupil, trainee; follower, disciple disco, discere, didici, learn; hear, get to know, become discitus acquainted with; acquire knowledge/ skill of/ in discordia, discordiae F disagreement, discord discretio, discretionis F separation; discretion, discrimination, power of distinguishing, discernment discrimen, discriminis crisis, separating line, division; N distinction, difference discutio, discutere, strike down; shatter, shake violently discussi, discussus disertus, -a, -um; eloquent; skillfully expressed disertior, disertissimus disicio, disicere, disieci, break up; drive apart; halve, divide; disiectus ruin; rout; frustrate; dispel, end disidiosus* abounding in discord disidiosorum disiungo, disiungere, unyoke; disunite, sever, divide, disiunxi, disiunctus separate, part, estrange; put asunder dispar, disparis unequal, disparate, unlike dispello, dispellere, drive apart or away; disperse dispuli, dispulsus displiceo, displicere, displease displicui, displicitus dispono, disponere, dispose, place here and there, disposui, dispositus distribute; set/ lay out; administer/ manage/ order dispositio, dispositionis layout; orderly arrangement/ F disposition of arguments/ words/ time/ activities disputo, disputare, discuss, debate, argue disputavi, disputatus disquiro, disquirere, —, inquire into, investigate — disseco, dissecere, —, divide; penetrate through; open by dissectus force; dismember, dissemino, disseminare, broadcast, disseminate disseminavi, disseminatus dissensio, dissensionis disagreement, quarrel; dissension, F conflict dissero, disserere, arrange, dispose, set in order; disserui, dissertus discuss; examine; explain, set out in words dissideo, dissidere, disagree, be at variance; be dissedi, dissessus separated dissidium, dissidi(i) N separation, divorce, discord; disagreement, quarrel; tearing apart dissimilis, dissimile; unlike, different, dissimilar dissimilior, dissimillimus dissimilitudo, unlikeness, difference dissimilitudinis F dissimulatio, onis F dissimulation, dissembling dissimulo, dissimulare, conceal, dissemble, disguise, hide; dissimulavi, ignore dissimulatus dissipo, dissipare, scatter, disperse, dissipate, dissipavi, dissipatus squander; destroy completely; circulate, bring to naught dissocio, dissociare, be at variance with, split into dissociavi, dissociatus factions, separate, part dissolutio, dissolutionis disintegration, dissolution; F destruction; disconnection; refutation dissolvo, dissolvere, unloose; dissolve, destroy; melt; dissolvi, dissolutus pay; refute; annul distendo, distendere, stretch; spread out; distend; extend; distendi, distentus rack; detract, perplex distineo, distinere, keep apart, separate; prevent, hold distinui, distentus up; distract distinguo, distinguere, distinguish, separate, divide, part; distinxi, distinctus adorn, decorate disto, distare, —, — stand apart, be distant; be different distorqueo, distorquere, twist this way and that distorsi, distortus distraho, distrahere, draw/ pull/ tear apart, wrench, distraxi, distractus separate, divide; sell in parcels; distract distribuo, distribuere, divide, distribute, assign distribui, distributus ditio, ditionis F power; sovereignty, dominion, authority dito, ditare, ditavi, enrich ditatus diu, diutius, diutissime for a long time, long since, compar.: ADV still further, w/ neg. any longer diutinus, -a, -um long-lasting, long diuturnitas, -atis F long duration diuturnus, -a, -um; lasting long diuturnior, diuturnissimus diuagor, divagari, wander in different directions divagatus sum divarico, divaricare, stretch apart, spread out divaricavi, divaricatus divexo, divexare, drag about; harass/ harry/ vex/ diuexant divexavi, divexatus trouble; ravage/ plunder; tear/ rend divido, dividere, divisi, divide; separate, break up; share, diuidunto FUT divisus distribute; distinguish; ACT IMPER dius, dia, dium divine; w/ supernatural radiance; divinely inspired; blessed, saint divello, divellere, alienate/ estrange; compel to part divulsi, divulsus company, force away; separate from diversitas, diversitatis F difference diverso, diversare, turn around; diversify diversavi, diversatus diversorium -i(i) N inn, lodging house, public/ private accomodations diversus, -a, -um opposite; separate, apart; diverse, unlike, different; hostile diverticulum side-road; refuge/ retreat/ resort; (deverticulum), -ii, N circumlocution/ evasion; loophole; deviation/ diversion/ digression diverto, divertere, separate; divert, turn away/ in; diverti, diversus digress; oppose; divorce/ leave marriage dives, divitis; divitior, rich/ wealthy; costly; fertile/ divitissimus productive; talented, well endowed divexo, -are, -avi, -atus drag about; pull this way and that; harass/ vex/ trouble; ravage/ plunder; rip apart divido, dividere, divisi, divide; separate, break up; share, divisus distribute; distinguish divinitas, divinitatis F divinity, quality/ nature of God; divine excellence/ power/ being; divining divinatio, -onis F predicting; divination; prophecy; prognostication divinus, -a, -um; divine, of a deity/ god, godlike; divinior, divinissimus sacred; divinely inspired, prophetic; natural divisio, divisionis F division, distribution divitia, divitiae F riches, wealth divulgo, divulgare, publish, disseminate news of divulgavi, divulgatus divus, -a, -um; —, divine; blessed, saint divissimus do, dare, -avi, atus to give, hand over, deliver, give up, dare opera: to render, pay, surrender make an effort, take pains doceo, docere, docui, teach, show, point out doctus docibilis, -is, docibile teachable doctrina, doctrinae F education; learning; science; teaching; instruction; principle; doctrine doctus, -a, -um; doctior, learned, wise; skilled, experienced, doctissimus expert; trained; clever, cunning, shrew doctor doctor, doctoris M teacher; instructor; trainer; doctor dogma, dogmatis N doctrine, defined doctrine; philosophic tenet; dogma, teaching; decision; edit doleo, dolere, dolui, hurt; feel/ suffer pain; grieve; be dolitus afflicted/ pained/ sorry; cause pain/ grief dolo, dolare, dolavi, hew/ chop into shape, fashion/ dolatus devise; inflict blows, batter/ cudgel soundly, drub dolor, doloris M pain, anguish, grief, sorrow, suffering; resentment, indignation dolosus, dolosa, crafty, cunning; deceitful dolosum dolus, doli M trick, device, deceit, treachery, trickery, cunning, fraud domesticus, domestica, domestic, of the house; familiar, domesticum native; civil, private, personal domicilium, domicili(i) residence, home, dwelling, abode N domina, dominae F mistress of a family, wife; lady, lady-love; owner dominicus, dominica, of/ belonging to master/ the dominicum Church; belonging to the Roman Emperor/ the Lord dominium, dominii N rule, dominion; ownership; banquet, feast dominor, dominari, be master/ despot/ in control, rule dominatus sum over, exercise sovereignty; rule/ dominate dominus M lord, master, Lord domo, -are, -avi, -atus subdue, master, tame, conquer domus, domi F house, building; home, household donator, donatoris M giver, donor donec while, as long as, until dono, donare, donavi, present, grant; forgive; give, bestow donatus donum, doni N gift, present; offering dormio, dormire, sleep, rest; be/ fall asleep; behave as dormivi, dormitus if asleep; be idle, do nothing dorsum, dorsi N back, range, ridge; slope of a hill dos, dotis F dowry, dower; talent, quality draco, draconis M dragon; snake dubitatio, dubitationis F doubt, irresolution, uncertainty; wavering, hesitation; questioning dubito, dubitare, doubt; deliberate; hesitate; be dubitavi, dubitatus uncertain/ irresolute dubium, i N doubt, question dubius, dubia, dubium doubtful, dubious, uncertain; variable, dangerous; critical duco, ducere, duxi, lead, command; think, consider, ductus regard; prolong ductor, ductoris M leader, commander dudum a little while ago; just now, formerly dulcedo, dulcedinis F sweetness, agreeableness; charm dulcesco, dulcescere, —, become sweet — dulcis, dulce; dulcior, pleasant, charming; sweet; kind, dulcissimus dear; soft, flattering, delightful dum while, as long as, until; provided that duntaxat ADV at least, no more than; as long as; 17x only, precisely; merely; at any rate duo, -ae, -o two duplex, duplicis twofold, double; divided; two-faced duricies, duritiei F hardness, insensibility; hardship, (durities) oppressiveness; strictness, rigor duritas, duritatis F hardness, harshness duritia, duritiae F hardness, insensibility; hardship, oppressiveness; strictness, rigor duro, durare, duravi, harden, make hard; become hard/ also induro, duratus stern; bear, last, remain, continue; obduro, perduro endure durus, -a, -um; durior, hard, stern; harsh, rough, vigorous; durissimus cruel, unfeeling, inflexible; durable dux, ducis M leader, guide; commander, general; Duke dynastes, dynastae M ruler, prince e (ex) out of, from; by reason of; according to; because of, as a result of eadem by the same route; at the same time; likewise; same eane = ea + ne: is, ea, id he/ she/ it / they, that eatenus so far ebrietas, ebrietatis F drunkenness, intoxication ebriosus, ebriosa, addicted to drink ebriosum ebullio, ebullire, spout out; chatter about; burst/ ebullivi, ebullitus break/ send out ebur, eboris N ivory; object/ statue of ivory; curule chair; elephant/ tusk ecce behold! see! look! there! here! ecclesia, ecclesiae F church; assembly, meeting of the assembly; Church Ecclesiastes, Ecclesiastes, Book of Bible/ OT; The Ecclesiastis M Preacher ecquis = ec+quis; ec- intensifies questions: at all? ecquis 6x; ecquid ecquid ADV 11x ecstasis, ecstasis F rapture; ecstasy; trance eculeus, eculei M little horse, colt; rack, instrument of torture edissero, edisserere, set forth in full, relate at length, edisserui, edissertus dwell upon; unfold, explain, tell edo, edere, edi, essus eat/ consume/ devour; eat away; destroy; spend money on food edo, edere, edidi, editus eject/ emit; put/ give forth; beget; edis p. 428 bear; display/ evince/ exhibit edoceo, edocere, edocui, teach or inform thoroughly edoctus edomo, edomare, subdue/ tame thoroughly/ edomui, edomitus completely, subjugate/ conquer/ vanquish educo, educere, eduxi, lead out; draw up; bring up; rear eductus edulium, eduli(i) N edibles, eatables; foodstuffs; food effector, effectoris M author, originator, one who creates/ causes; maker; doer effectrix, effectricis F author/ originator, she who creates/ causes/ effects; maker/ doer effemino, effeminare, weaken, enervate, make effeminate, effeminavi, effeminatus emasculate, unman efferatus, -a, -um; wild, savage, fierce, raging; like a efferaciora efferatior (efferacior) wild animal efferatissimus effero, efferare, efferavi, make wild/ savage/ barbaric; efferatus brutalize; exasperate effero, efferre, extuli, carry out; bring out; carry out for elatus burial; raise efficacia, efficaciae F effectiveness, efficiency, efficacy, accomplishment; influence efficaciter, efficacius, effectually; to good effect; so as to efficacissime take effect in law efficax, efficacis; effective, capable of filling some efficacior, efficacissimo function; legally valid efficio, efficere, effeci, bring about; effect, execute, cause; effectus accomplish; make, produce; prove effigies, effigiei F copy, image, likeness, portrait; effigy, statue; ghost effigio, effigiare, form; fashion; portray effigiavi, effigiatus effingo, effingere, fashion, form, mold; represent, effinxi, effictus portray, depict; copy; wipe away efflagito, efflagitare, request, demand, insist, ask efflagitavi, efflagitatus urgently efflictim ADV passionately, desperately, to 1x distraction effluo, effluere, effluxi, flow out, flow forth; disappear, — vanish, escape; be forgotten effraene, effaenatius in an unbridled way ADV effraeno (effreno), unbridle, let loose; remove or effrenare, effrenavi, slacken the reins of a horse effrenatus effraenus, -a, -um; unbridled; unrestrained, unruly, effaenatior, headstrong, violent; freed from effraenatissimus (effrenus) effugio, effugere, effugi, flee/ escape; run/ slip/ keep away, effugitus eschew/ avoid; baffle, escape notice effugium, effugi(i) N flight; way of escape effundo, effundere, pour out/ away/ off; allow to drain; effudi, effusus shower; volley; send/ stream forth effus, effusius, extensively; freely, in a disorderly effusissime manner; lavishly effusio, effusionis F outpouring, shedding; profusion, lavishness, extravagance, excess egens, egentis; egentior, needy, poor, in want of; very poor, egentissimus 1x egentissimus destitute (of) egeo, egere, egui, — need, lack, want; require, be without egestas, egestatis F need, poverty, extreme poverty; lack, want egredior, egredi, go/ march/ come out; set sail; land, egressus sum disembark; surpass, go beyond egregius, egregia, singular; distinguished; exceptional; egregium extraordinary; eminent; excellent eiuscemodi ADV of this sort, of such kind, in such a [eiusmodi] manner eiicio, eiicere, eieci, cast/ throw/ fling/ drive out/ up, eiectus extract, expel, discharge, vomit eiusmodi of this sort; of such kind elabor, elabi, elapsus slip away; escape; elapse sum elaboro, elaborare, take pains, exert oneself; bestow elaboravi, elaboratus care on elargio, elargire, —, bestow freely upon; give out, elargitus distribute elatio, elationis F glorification/ extolling/ lifting; carrying out; ecstasy; exaltation electio, electionis F choice, selection; election; election to salvation eleemosyna, alms, almshouse; gift to a church, eleemosynae F religious foundation; pity; mercy elegans, elegantis; elegant, fine, handsome; tasteful; elegantior, fastidious, critical; discriminating, elegantissimus polite eleganter, elegantius, elegantly, attractively; properly/ elegantissime rightly, w/ correct taste/ conduct; neatly elementum, elementi N elements; rudiments, beginnings; kinds of matter elevo, elevare, elevavi, lift up, raise; alleviate; lessen; make elevatus light of eligo, eligere, elegi, pick out, choose elegere: 3rd perf. electus elimino, eliminare, carry out of doors eliminavi, eliminatus elimo, elimare, elimavi, take/ remove by filing; polish w/ elimatus file; file off; produce/ write w/ care/ polish ellychnium, i(i) N lamp-wick elogium, elogii N clause added to will/ codicil; written particulars on prisoner; inscription eloquentia, eloquentiae eloquence F eloquium, eloqui(i) N eloquence; speech, utterance/ word; manner of speaking, diction; pronouncement eloquor, eloqui, speak out, utter elocutus sum elumbis, elumbis, weak, feeble elumbe ADV in elumbe Psalms emaculatus, -a, -um; cleansed of stains/ spots, made emaculatior, correct; healed emaculatissimus emancipo, emancipare, emancipate; alienate; make emancipavi, subservient emancipatus emano, emanare, flow out; arise, emanate from, emanavi, emanatus become known emergo, emergere, rise up out of the water, emerge; emersi, emersus escape; appear; arrive emigro, emigrare, move out; depart emigravi, emigratus emissarius, emissari(i) emissary, agent, person sent on M particular mission emitto, emittere, emisi, hurl; let go; utter; send out; drive; emissus force; cast; discharge; expel; publish emo, emere, emi, buy; gain, acquire, obtain emptus emollio, emollire, soften; enervate, mellow emollivi, emollitus emolumentum, advantage, benefit emolumenti N emorior, emori, die, die off, perish; die out; decease, emortuus sum pass away emporium, empori(i) N center/ place of trade, market town; market emucidus, -a, -um very moldy; snivelling emundo, emundare, clean thoroughly, free of dirt/ emundavi, emundatus impurity; make quite clean; cleanse/ purify emungo, emungere, wipe the nose; trick, swindle emunxi, emunctus en behold! see! lo! here! hey! look at this! enarro, enarrare, describe; explain/ relate in detail enarravi, enarratus encomium, i N praise, encomium eneco, enecare, enecui, kill/ slay; deprive of life; kill off; enectus exhaust/ wear out, plague/ torture to death energia, energiae F energy; efficiency enervo, enervare, weaken, enervate; make effeminate; enervavi, enervatus deprive of vigor; cut/ remove sinews from enervus, -a,-um powerless, weak, nerveless, languid, limp, slack enim CONJ namely (postpos.); indeed; in fact; for; I mean, for instance, that is to say enimvero CONJ to be sure, certainly; well, upon by word; but, on the other hand; what is more enitor, eniti, enixus sum bring forth, bear, give birth to; struggle upwards, mount, climb, strive enodo, enodare, make clear, untangle enodavi, enodatus ensis, ensis M sword enumero, enumerare, count up, pay out; specify, enumeravi, enumeratus enumerate enutrio, enutrire, nurture, rear enutrivi, enutritus eodem same, the same, the very same; also Eous, Eoa, Eoum eastern; of the dawn; belonging to/ of/ set in the morning eousque = eo + usque to such an extent, until that moment, when Ephesius, Ephesia, of/ from/ belonging to Ephesus, Ephesium Ephesian ephoebus, i M youth, adolescent ephorus, ephori M ephor, a Spartan magistrate Epicuraeus, -a, -um Epicurean epiphonema An exclamation or pithy reflection used to summarise an argument episcopatus, bishopric; episcopate; bishop's episcopatus M office/ dignity/ see; overseer; post of authority episcopus, episcopi M bishop; patriarch epistola, epistolae F letter/ dispatch/ written communication; imperial rescript; epistle; preface epula, epulae F courses, food, dishes of food; dinner; banquet; feast for the eyes epulor, epulari, epulatus dine sumptuously, feast sum equidem truly, indeed; for my part equus, equi M horse; steed eremus, eremi M wilderness, wasteland, desert erga towards, opposite ergo therefore; well, then, now erigo, erigere, erexi, raise, erect, build; rouse, excite, erectus stimulate eripio, eripere, eripui, snatch away, take by force; rescue ereptus erogator, oris M one who pays out erogo, erogare, erogavi, pay out, expend erogatus errabundus, errabunda, wandering errabundum erraticus, erratica, roving, erratic; wild erraticum erro, errare, erravi, wander, go astray; make a mistake, erratus err; vacillate erroneus, erronea, wandering; straying; vagrant; erroneum wrong, erroneous error, erroris M wandering; error; winding, maze; uncertainty; deception erudio, erudire, erudivi, educate, teach, instruct eruditus eruditio, eruditionis F instruction/ teaching/ education; learning/ erudition; taught knowledge; culture eruditor, -oris M educator, teacher eruditus, -a, -um; learned, skilled erumpo, erumpere, burst/ pop; cause to burst; become erupi, eruptus dislocated eruo, eruere, erui, pluck/ dig/ root up, overthrow, erutus destroy; elicit erynnis Erinyes: female chthonic deities of vengeance in ancient Greek religion, similar to Furies Esaia, -ae M Isaiah, Old Testment prophet esculentus, esculenta, edible, eatable, esculent; fit for food, esculentum fit to be eaten essentia, essentiae F essence, substance, being, actuality, essential thing; existing entity, whole esuries, esuriei F hunger esurio, esurire, esurivi, be hungry, hunger; want to eat, esuritus desire food; desire eagerly etenim and indeed, because, since, as a matter of fact ethnicus, ethnica, heathen; pagan ethnicum etsi although, though, even if; albeit; I know that but Euripide Euripides Eva, Evae F Eve evado, evadere, evasi, evade, escape; avoid evasus evagor, evagari, wander off/ out/ forth/ to and fro, evagatus sum stray; maneuver; spread, overstep evanesco, evanescere, vanish/ disappear; pass/ fade/ die; evanui, — lapse; become weak/ void/ forgotten evangelicus, evangelica, evangelical; of/ pertaining to the evangelicum Gospel Evangelium, Evangeli(i) Gospel, Good News N evangelium, evangelii N Good news; Gospel evangelizo, reach/ declare/ proclaim; evangelizare, evangelize, win to Gospel by evangelizavi, preaching evangelizatus eveho, evehere, evexi, carry away, convey out; carry up; evectus exalt; jut out, project eveho, evehere, evexi, carry away, convey out; carry up; evectus exalt; jut out, project evello, evellere, evelli, pull/ pluck/ tear/ root out evulsus evenio, evenire, eveni, come out/ about/ forth; happen; eventus turn out eventus, eventus M outcome, result, success; event, occurrence; chance, fate, accident eversio, eversionis F destruction; overturning/ upsetting; expulsion/ turning out; revolution everto, evertere, everti, overturn, turn upside down; eversus overthrow, destroy, ruin evidens, evidentis, apparent, evident eventior, evidentissimus evidenter, evidentius, clearly, obviously/ manifestly/ euidentissime 1x evidentissime evidently; vividly, giving realistic impression evigilo, evigilare, be wakeful; watch throughout the evigilavi, evigilatus night; devise or study with careful attention evito, evitare, evitavi, shun, avoid evitatus evoco, evocare, evocavi, call forth; lure/ entice out; summon, evocatus evoke evolo, evolare, evolavi, fly away, fly up/ out/ forth; rush evolatus out/ forth ex PREP w ABL out of, from; by reason of; according to; because of, as a result of exacte ADV exactly, accurately exactio, exactionis F exaction, enforcement; expulsion, driving out; supervision exactor, exactoris M expeller; exactor; collector of taxes exaggero, -are, -avi, - heap up, accumulate, magnifiy exaggeranti atus DAT/ ABL exaggeratio, exaggeration exaggerationis F exagito, exagitare, drive out; stir up, disturb exagitavi, exagitatus continually, harass; attack, scold, discuss exalto, exaltare, exalt, elevate, raise; praise; deepen exaltavi, exaltatus examino, examinare, weigh, examine, consider examinavi, examinatus exanimo, exanimare, kill, deprive of life; scare, alarm exanimavi, exanimatus greatly; tire, exhaust; be out of breath exantlo, exantlare, exhaust; endure; bar; suffer much exantlavi, exantlatus from toil; exaro, exarare, exaravi, plow or dig up; plow; note down exaratus exaspero, exasperare, roughen; irritate exasperavi, exasperatus exaudio, exaudire, hear clearly; comply with, heed; exaudivi, exauditus hear from afar; understand excedo, excedere, pass, withdraw, exceed; go away/ excessi, excessus out/ beyond; die excellens, excellentis; distinguished, excellent excellentior, excellentissimus excellentia, excellentiae excellence, superiority; merit F excello, excellere, —, be eminent/ preeminent; excel excelsus excidium, excidi(i) N military destruction; ruin/ demolition; subversion/ overthrow excido, excidere, excidi, cut out/ off/ down; raze, destroy excisus excio, excire, excivi, rouse; call out send for; summon; excitus evoke excipio, excipere, take out; remove; follow; receive; peccato excepto excepi, exceptus ward off, relieve = without sin excitatrix one who stirs up, incites, arouses excito, excitare, excitavi, wake up, stir up; cause; raise, erect; excitatus incite; excite, arouse exclamo, exclamare, exclaim, shout; cry out, call out exclamavi, exclamatus excludo, excludere, shut out, shut off; remove; exclude; exclusi, exclusus hinder, prevent excogito, excogitare, think out; devise, invent, contrive excogitavi, excogitatus excolo, excolere, improve; develop, honor excolui, excultus excoquo, excoquere, boil; temper; boil away; dry up, excoxi, excoctus parch excrementum, excrement; spittle, mucus excrementi N excubia, excubiae F watching; keeping of a watch/ guard/ vigil; the watch, soldiers on guard excusatio, excusationis excuse F excutio, excutere, shake out or off; cast out; search, excussi, excussus examine execrabilis, execrabilis, detestable; accursed execrabile execratio, execrationis F imprecation, curse execror, execrari, curse; detest execratus sum exedo, exedere, exedi, eat up, consume; hollow exesus exemplaris, exemplaris copy, transcript [also neut.: M model, pattern] exemplum, exempli N example, sample, specimen; instance; precedent, case; warning, deterrent exeo, exire, exivi(ii), come/ go/ sail/ march/ move out/ exierunt exitus forth/ away, leave; pass, expire/ perish/ die exequor, exequi, follow, go along/ on with; pursue executus sum for vengeance/ punishment; strive/ search after exerceo, exercere, exercise, train, drill, practice; exercui, exercitus enforce, administer; cultivate exercitamentum, i N exercise exercitatio, exercise, training, practice; exercitationis F discipline exercitium, exercitii N exercise; training; practice; proficiency/ skill; written exercises exercito, exercitare, practice, exercise, train hard, keep exercitavi, exercitatus at work exercitus, exercitus M army, infantry; swarm, flock exero, exerere, exerui, stretch forth; thrust out; put out; lay exertus bare, uncover exhalo, exhalare, breathe out; evaporate; die exhalavi, exhalatus exhaurio, exhaurire, draw out; drain, drink up, empty; exhausi, exhaustus exhaust, impoverish; remove; end exhaustus, -a, -um exhausted exhibeo, exhibere, present; furnish; exhibit; produce exhibui, exhibitus exhibitio, exhibitionis F display, exhibition; example exhorreo, exhorrere, shudder; be terrified, tremble at exhorrui, — exhorresco, shudder; be terrified, tremble at exhorrescere, exhorrui, — exhorto, exhortare, encourage, exhort exhortavi, exhortatus exhubero, -are, -avi, - surge or gush up; be abundant, be atus (exubero) fruitful exibilo (exsibilo), -are, - to hiss out avi, -atus exigo, exigere, exegi, drive out, expel; finish; examine, exactus weigh exiguus, exigua, small; meager; dreary; a little, a bit exiguum of; scanty, petty, short, poor exilium, exili(i) N exile, banishment; place of exile/ retreat; exiles, those exiled eximius, eximia, select; extraordinary/ special; eximium excellent eximo, eximere, exemi, remove/ extract, take/ lift out/ off/ exemptus away; banish, get rid of; free/ save/ release existimatio, opinion; reputation/ name; esteem; existimationis F judgment/ view/ estimation; credit existimo, existimare, value/ esteem; form/ hold opinion/ existimavi, existimatus view; think/ suppose; estimate; judge/ consider existo, existere, existiti, step forth, appear; arise; become; existitus prove to be exitialis, -alis, exitiale destructive, deadly exitium, exiti(i) N destruction, ruin; death; mischief exlex, exlegis bound by no law, lawless, reckless exoculatus, -a, -um; blind exoculatior, exoculatissimus exolesco, exolescere, grow up, become adult; grow stale, exolevi, exoletus deteriorate; fade away; be forgotten exoletus, -i, M male prostitute pdf 310, 405 exolvo, exolvere, exolvi, unfasten/ undo/ loose; open; thaw; exoluit exolutus (exsolvo) let flow; solve exomologesis, confession of sin exomologesis F exopto, exoptare, long for exoptavi, exoptatus exorabilis, exorabilis, capable of being moved by entreaty exorabile exorbito, exorbitare, to go off the track, deviate exorbitavi, exorbitatus exordior, exordiri, begin, commence exorsus sum exordium, exordi(i) N beginning; introduction, preface exorior, exoriri, exortus come out, come forth; bring; sum appear; rise, begin, spring up; cheer up exoro, exorare, exoravi, persuade, obtain/ win over by exoratus entreaty, prevail upon; beg, plead, entreat expando, expandere, spread out, expand; expound expandi, expassus expavesco, expavescere, become frightened expavi, — expectatio, expectation; suspense expectationis F expecto, expectare, await, expect; anticipate; hope for expectavi, expectatus expedio, expedire, disengage, loose, set free; be expedivi, expeditus expedient; procure, obtain, make ready expeditio, expeditionis expedition, campaign; rapid march; F account; proof by elimination expeditus, -a, -um; unencumbered; without baggage; expeditior, light armed expeditissimus expello, expellere, drive out, expel, banish; disown, expuli, expulsus reject expendo (exspendo), pay, pay out, weigh, judge exspendere, expendi, expensus expergiscor, expergisci, awake; bestir oneself experrectus sum experientia, -ae F trial, experience, experiment experimentum, trial, experiment, experience experimenti N experior, experiri, test, put to the test; find out; expertus sum attempt, try; prove, experience expers, expertis free from; without; lacking experience; immune from expeto, expetere, ask for; desire; aspire to; demand; expetivi, expetitus happen; fall on expiatio, expiationis F atonement, expiation, purification expiscor, expiscari, angle/ fish for (information); expiscatus sum search/ fish/ find out; inquire explano, explanare, explain explanavi, explanatus explicatus, -a, -um; clear, explained, displayed, spread explicatius explicatior, out explicatissimus explodo, explodere, drive off stage by clapping; scare explosi, explosus off; reject; eject/ cast out exploro, explorare, search out, explore; test, try out; exploravi, exploratus reconnoiter, investigate expolio, expolire, polish; refine expolivi, expolitus expono, exponere, set/ put forth/ out; abandon, exposui, expositus expose; publish; explain, relate; disembark expositio, expositionis F statement, description, explanation; narration; exposing expositor, -oris M one who exhibits/ explains expostulo, -are, -avi, - demand, call for, remonstrate, atus complain about expressio, expressionis expulsion/ forcing out; elevating F section; molding; expression exprimo, exprimere, squeeze, squeeze/ press out; expressi, expressus imitate, copy; portray; pronounce, express exprobro, exprobrare, reproach, upbraid, reprove; bring exprobravi, exprobratus up as reproach expungo, expungere, expunge, strike out, erase expunxi, expunctum exstillo, -are, -avi, -atus trickle out in drops exsuscito, -are, -avi, - awaken, arouse atus extendo, extendere, stretch/ thrust out; make taut; extendi, extentus extend/ prolong/ continue; enlarge/ increase exter, extera, exterum; outer/ external; far; of another exterior, extremus country, foreign; strange, last extermino, exterminare, banish, expel; dismiss exterminavi, exterminatus externus, externa, outward, external; foreign, strange externum exterrefactus, -a, -um having been made terrified extimesco, extimescere, take fright, be alarmed, dread extimui, — extimulo, extimulare, goad; stimulate extimulavi, extimulatus extinguo, extinguere, quench, extinguish; kill; destroy extinxi, extinctus extirpo, -are, -avi, -atus root out, extirpate; pull/ pluck out by roots; eradicate exto, extare, extiti, — stand out or forth, project be visible, exist, be on record extollo, extollere, —, — raise; lift up; extol, advance; erect extorqueo, extorquere, extort; tear away, twist away; twist/ extorsi, extortus wrench out extorris, extorris, exiled extorre extra ADV and PREP outside; outside of, beyond, without, beside; except extraho, extrahere, drag out; prolong; rescue, extract; extraxi, extractus remove extraordinarius, -a, -um supplementary; special; immoderate extremus, -a, -um last, outermost, utmost, extreme, extum, exti N bowels, entrails of animals (for divination) exuberantia, -ae F exuberance, gushing forth exubero, exuberare, surge or gush up; be abundant, be exuberavi, exuberatus fruitful exul, exulis C exile, banished person; wanderer exulcero, exulcerare cause to fester completely exulto, exultare, jump about; let oneself go; exult exultavi, exultatus exuo, exuere, exui, pull off; undress, take off; strip, exutus deprive of; lay aside, cast off exupero, exuperare, excel; overtop; surpass; overpower exuperavi, exuperatus exuro, exurere, exussi, burn; destroy/ devastate by fire; dry exustus up, parch; scald exsuscito (exuscito), - awaken; kindle; stir up, excite are, -avi, -atus exuvia, exuviae F things stripped off; spoils, booty; memento, something of another's Ezechiel, Ezechielis M Ezechiel/ Ezekiel fabrefacio, fabrefacere, make or fashion skillfully 1x fabrefecit fabrefeci, fabrefactus fabrica, fabricae F craft, art; craft of metalwork/ building; construction/ building/ making fabricator, fabricatoris builder, maker, fashioner M fabricor, fabricari, build/ construct/ fashion/ forge/ fabricatus sum* shape; train; get ready; invent/ devise fabula, fabulae F story, tale, fable; play, drama facies, faciei F shape, face, look; presence, appearance; beauty; achievement facilis, facile; facilior, easy, easy to do, without difficulty, facillimus ready, quick, good natured, courteous facilitas, facilitatis F facility; readiness; good nature; levity; courteousness facinus, facinoris N deed; crime; outrage factio, factionis F party, faction; partisanship factiosus, factiosa, factious, seditious, turbulent factiosum facultas, facultatis F means; ability, skill; opportunity, chance; resources, supplies faex, faecis F dregs, grounds; sediment, lees; deposits; dregs of society fallax, fallacis; fallacior, deceitful, treacherous; misleading, fallacissimus deceptive; false, fallacious; spurious fallo, fallere, fefelli, deceive; slip by; disappoint; be fallentes falsus also DEP mistaken, beguile, drive away; fail; cheat falsitas, falsitatis F falsehood, untruth, fraud, deceit fama, famae F rumor; reputation; tradition; fame, public opinion, ill repute; report, news fames, famis F hunger; famine; want; craving familia, familiae F household; household of slaves; family; clan; religious community familiaris, familiaris C member of household (family/ servant/ slave); familiar acquaintance familiaris, familiaris, domestic; of family; intimate familiare familiariter ADV on friendly terms familiarissime famulitium, famulitii N servitude, slavery; the servants of a house fanum, fani N sanctuary, temple 2x fana farina, farinae F flour/ meal; stuff persons made of; dust/ powder farrago, farraginis F mixed fodder, mash; mixture, medley; a hodgepodge; trifle fas, undeclined N divine will/ command; that which is right/ lawful/ moral/ allowed fascia, fasciae F band/ strip; ribbon; bandage; streak/ band of cloud; headband/ filet; sash fascinatio, fascinationis fascination; bewitching F fastidio, fastidire, disdain; be scornful; feel aversion fastidivi, fastiditus to, be squeamish fastidium, fastidi(i) N loathing, disgust; squeamishness; scornful contempt, pride; fastidiousness fastigium, fastigi(i) N peak, summit, top; slope, declivity, descent; gable, roof; sharp point, tip fastuosus, -a, -um haughty, disdainful; full of pride fastus, fastus M scornful contempt, disdain, haughtiness, arrogance, pride fateor, fateri, fassus admit, confess; disclose; sum acknowledge; praise fatuitas, fatuitatis F foolishness; folly 1x fatum, fati N utterance, oracle; fate, destiny; 1x natural term of life; doom, death, calamity fatuus, fatua, fatuum foolish, silly; idiotic fautor, fautoris M patron, protector; admirer; 1x supporter, partisan faveo, favere, favi, favor, befriend, support, back up fautus favor, favoris M favor, goodwill; bias; applause favus, favi M honeycomb fax, facis F torch, firebrand, fire; flame of love; torment fel, fellis N gall, bile; poison; bitterness, venom; felle DAT/ ABL gall bladder felicitas, felicitatis F luck, good fortune; happiness feliciter, felicius, happily, fortunately, abundantly felicissime Felix Felix Pratensis (Felice da Prato) (c. 1460-1539) Jewish scholar who embraced Catholicism, published a translation of the Psalms, 1515 felix, felicis; felicior, happy; blessed; fertile; favorable; felicissim- 21x felicissimus lucky; successful, fruitful feminus, femina, female feminum fera, ferae F wild beast/ animal feralis, feralis, ferale funereal; deadly, fatal 1x feralibus ferax, feracis; feracior, fruitful, fertile, prolific feracissimus fere ADV almost, about, generally; w/ (also ferus VOC) negative: hardly ever ferinus, ferina, ferinum of wild beasts feritas, feritatis F wildness, barbaric/ savage/ uncultivated state; savagery, ferocity; brutality ferme; fermen ADV early, almost, about; hardly ever fero, ferre, tuli, latus bring, bear; tell/ speak of; consider; carry off, win, receive, produce; get ferocio, ferocire, —, — rampage, act in a fierce/ violent/ savage manner ferreus, ferrea, ferreum iron, made of iron; cruel, unyielding ferrum, ferri N iron; any tool of iron; weapon, sword fertilitas, fertilitatis F fruitfulness, fertility ferus, fera, ferum; wild, savage; uncivilized; untamed; fierce fervens, ferventis; red hot, boiling hot; burning; feruentiori, ferventior, inflamed, impetuous; fervent/ feruentissimum ferventissimus zealous ferveo, fervere, ferbui, be hot; boil/ burn; seethe/ surge; — swarm; be turbulent/ run strongly; froth fervidus, fervida, glowing; boiling hot; fiery, torrid, fervidum roused, fervid; hot blooded fervor, fervoris M heat, boiling heat; boiling, fermenting; ardor, passion, fury; intoxication fessus, fessa, fessum tired, wearied, fatigued, exhausted; worn out, weak, feeble, infirm, sick festiviter, festivius, gaily, festively; wittily festivissime fibra, fibrae F fiber, filament; entrails; leaf, blade fictilis, fictilis, fictile of clay; made of earthenware, earthen fictus, -a, -um (pp fingo) feigned, false; counterfeit ficte falsely ficus, ficus M fig; fig tree; hemorrhoids/ piles fidelis, fidele, fidelior, faithful/ loyal/ devoted; fidelissimus trustworthy/ reliable fidens, fidentis; confident; bold fidentior, fidentissimus fidenter, fidentius, confidently, boldly fidentissime ADV fides, fidei F faith, loyalty; honesty; credit; confidence, trust, belief; good faith fido, fidere, fisus sum trust, have confidence fiducia, fiduciae F trust, confidence; faith, reliance; courage fiducialiter, fiducialius, confidently, with confidence; fiducialissime boldly; faithfully fidus, fida, fidum faithful, loyal; trusting, confident figmentum, figmenti N figment, fiction, invention, unreality; thing formed/ devised; image figo, figere, fixi, fixus fasten, fix; pierce, transfix; establish figura, figurae F shape, form, figure, image; beauty; style; figure of speech filia, filiae F daughter filialem pertaining to a daughter filiolus, filioli M little son, dear son/ child filius, fili M son filum, fili N thread, string, filament, fiber; texture, style, nature fimbria, fimbriae F fringe, border, edge fimum, fimi N dung, excrement finalis, finalis, finale of/ concerned w/ boundaries; limited/ bounded; of ultimate goal fingo, fingere, finxi, mold, form, shape; create, invent; fictu produce; imagine; compose; devise, contrive finio, finire, finivi, limit, end; finish; determine, define; finitus mark out the boundaries finis, finis boundary, end, limit, goal; country, territory, land finitio, finitionis F boundary, border, frontier; circuit of walls; endmost point/ extremity; rule/ law firmamentum, support, prop, mainstay; support firmamenti N group fio, fieri, factus sum happen, come about; occur, arise SEMIDEP (and pass of (event); be made/ created/ facio) appointed; be made/ become firmitas, firmitatis F firmness, strength firmo, firmare, firmavi, strengthen, harden; support; firmatus declare; prove, confirm, establish firmus, -a, -um; firmior, firm/ steady; substantial/ solid/ firmissimus secure/ safe; strong/ robust/ sturdy/ stout/ durable fistula, fistulae F shepherd's pipe; tube; waterpipe flaccidus, flaccida, flaccid, flabby flaccidum flagitiosus, -a, -um, disgraceful, shameful; infamous, flagitiosior, scandalous; profligate, dissolute flagitiosissimus flagitium, flagiti(i) N shame, disgrace; scandal, shameful act, outrage, disgraceful thing; scoundrel flagrans, flagrantis; flaming, fiery, blazing; hot, flagrantior, scorching; in the ascendant flagrantissimus flagro, flagrare, flagravi, be on fire; blaze, flame, burn; be flagratus inflamed/ excited flargrum, i N scourge, whip flamma, flammae F flame, blaze; ardor, fire of love; object of love flecto, flectere, flexi, bend, curve, bow; turn, curl; flexus persuade, prevail on, soften fleo, flere, flevi, fletus cry for; cry, weep fletus, fletus M weeping, crying, tears; wailing; lamenting flo, flare, flavi, flatus breathe; blow flos, floris M flower, blossom; youthful prime fluctuatio, fluctuationis swaying/ shaking, restless F movement; vacillation/ uncertainty/ fluctuation fluctus, fluctus M wave; disorder; flood, flow, tide, billow, surge; turbulence, commotion fluito, fluitare, fluitavi, float; flow; waver fluitatus flumen, fluminis N river, stream; any flowing fluid; flood; onrush fluo, fluere, fluxi, fluxus flow, stream; emanate, proceed from; fall gradually focus, foci M hearth, fireplace; altar; home, household, family; cook stove foeditas, foeditatis F foulness/ filthiness/ vileness; horridness/ beastliness/ repulsiveness foede, foedius, foully, repulsively; horribly, foedissime ADV hideously, shamefully, cruelly foedo, foedare, foedavi, defile; pollute; soil, stain, make foedatus filthy/ unclean; contaminate; corrupt foedus, -a, -um; foedior, foul; filthy foedissimus —a —um foedus, foederis N treaty, league, formal agreement, alliance; peace, amity foemininus, female, feminine (femininus), -a, -um foeneror (faeneror), - lend money at interest; make profit; ari, -atus sum invest/ borrow Folengius here: Giovanni Baptista Folengo (1490-1559), the author fomentum, fomenti N poultice/ dressing; hot/ cold compress; solace, alleviation; kindling; wick fomes, fomitis M chips of wood, etc. for kindling/ feeding a fire fons, fontis M spring, fountain, well; source/ fount; principal cause; font; baptistry for, fari, fatus sum speak, talk; say foras ADV out of doors forensis, forensis, public; pertaining to the courts forense foris, foris F door, gate; a folding door; double door; entrance forma, formae F form, figure, appearance; beauty; mold, pattern formalis, formalis, theoretical; titular; serving as formale model/ pattern; bronze alloy used for molds formidabilis, terrifying formidabilis, formidabile formido, -are, —avi, - dread, fear; be afraid for (the safety atus of) w/ DAT formido, formidinis F fear/ terror/ alarm; religious dread/ awe; thing/ reason which scares, bogy/ horror formo, formare, form, shape, fashion, model formavi, formatus formosus, -a, -um; beautiful, finely formed, handsome, formosior, fair; having fine appearance/ form formosissimus fornicatio, fornicationis vaulting; arch; vaulting/ arching F over fors, fortis F chance; luck, fortune; accident forsan ADV perhaps forsitan ADV perhaps fortasse ADV perhaps, possibly; it may be forte ADV perhaps fortis, forte; fortior, strong, powerful, mighty, vigorous, fortium fortissimus firm, steadfast, courageous, brave, bold fortiter, fortius, strongly; bravely; boldly fortissime fortitudo, fortitudinis F strength, courage, valor; firmness fortuitus, fortuita, casual, accidental, fortuitous, fortuitum happening by chance fortuna, fortunae F chance, luck, fate; prosperity; condition, wealth, property foveo, fovere, fovi, fotus keep warm; favor, cherish, maintain, foster fraenum, i (frenum) N bridle; restraint fragilis, fragilis, fragile brittle, frail; impermanent fragor, fragoris M noise, crash frango, frangere, fregi, break, shatter, crush; dishearten, fractus subdue, weaken; move, discourage frater, fratris M brother; cousin fraternus, fraterna, brotherly/ brother's; of/ belonging fraternum to a brother; fraternal; friendly; of cousin fraudulenter, fraudulently, deceitfully; fraudulentius, dishonestly; falsely fraudulentissime fraudulentus, -a, -um; fraudulent, deceitful; dishonest; fraudulentior, false fraudulentissimus fraus, fraudis F fraud; trickery, deceit; imposition, offense, crime; delusion freno (fraeno), -are, - brake, curb, restrain, check avi, -atus frenum, freni N bridle/ harness/ rein/ bit; harnessed horses/ team; check/ restraint/ brake; mastery frequens, frequentis; crowded; numerous, full, frequentior, frequented, populous; frequent, frequentissimus constant frequenter, frequentius, often, frequently; in crowds frequentissime frequentia, frequentiae crowd; large attendance; abundance F of persons/ things; frequency frequento, -are, -avi, - frequent; repeat often; haunt; atus throng; crowd; celebrate fretum, freti N sea, narrow sea, straits 1x + 1 Index fretus, freta, fretum relying on, trusting to, supported by 1x frigide, frigidius, frigidly, coolly; indifferently frigidissime frigidus, -a, -um; cold, cool, chilly, frigid; lifeless, frigidiusculi: frigidior, frigidissimus indifferent, dull rather coldish frigo, frigere, frixi, roast, parch; fry; squeal; erect frictus frons, frontis forehead, brow; face; look; front; fore part of anything fructus, fructus M produce, crops; fruit; profit; enjoyment; reward fruor, frui, fructus sum enjoy, profit by, delight in frustra ADV in vain frustraneus, -a, -um ineffectual frustraneam frustro, frustrare, disappoint, frustrate, deceive; frustravi, frustratus escape/ elude; baffle/ evade; fail (and frustror DEP) frux, frugis F crops, fruits, produce, legumes; honest men fucate, fucatius, in a painted / disguised way fucatissime ADV fucatus, -a, -um painted, colored, beautified, falsified, counterfeit fucosus, -a, -um bogus, sham fucus, fuci M dye; rouge; bee-glue, presence/ disguise/ sham; seaweed fuga, fugae F flight, fleeing, escape; avoidance; exile fugax, fugacis; fugacior, flying swiftly; swift; avoiding, fugacissimus transitory fugio, fugere, fugi, flee, fly, run away; avoid, shun; go fugitus into exile fugitivus, fugitiva, fugitive fugitivum fulcimentum, fulcimenti a support, a prop, book-rest N fulcio, fulcire, fulsi, prop up, support fultus fulgeo, fulgere, fulsi, — flash, shine; glow, gleam, glitter, shine forth, be bright fulgor, fulgoris M brightness/ brilliance/ radiance; splendor/ glory; flame/ flash; lightning/ meteor fuliginosus, -a, -um prone to soot fuligo, fuliginis F soot; lamp-black fumosus, fumosa, full of smoke, smoky, smoked; gray- fumosum smoke-colored functio, functionis F execution, performance, carrying out fundamentum, foundation; beginning; basis fundamenti N funditus ADV utterly/ completely/ without exception; from the bottom/ to the ground/ by the root fundo, fundare, fundavi, establish, found, begin; lay the fundatus bottom, lay a foundation; confirm fundo, fundere, fudi, pour, cast; scatter, shed, rout fusus fundus, fundi M farm; piece of land, estate; bottom, lowest part; foundation; an authority fungor, fungi, functus perform, execute, discharge; be sum engaged in funiculus, funiculi M thin rope, cord, string funis, funis M rope; line, cord, sheet, cable; measuring-line/ rope, lot furia, furiae F frenzy, fury; rage; mad craving; Furies, avenging spirits furiosus, furiosa, furious, mad, frantic, wild furiosum furo, furere, —, — rave, rage; be mad/ furious; be wild furor, furoris M madness, rage, fury, frenzy; passionate love furtum, furti N theft; trick, deception; stolen article fusco, fuscare, fuscavi, darken, blacken, make dark; fuscatus become dark fuscus, fusca, fuscum dark, swarthy, dusky; husky; hoarse fuse, fusius, fusissime in a flowing way, spreading fusius: more ADV diffusely, p. 455 fusilis, fusilis, fusile molded; molten, fluid, liquid fusus, -a, -um; fusior, spread out, flowing fusissimus; pp of fundo futilis, futilis, futile vain; worthless futurus, -a, -um (fut. future, about to be part. sum) Galatas Galatians, from Galatia (modern day Turkey) Galilaeus, Galilaea, Galilean, related to the Sea of Galilaeum Galilee, Israel Gallus (gallus), Galla, Gallic, of Gaul/ the Gauls; class of Gallum gladiator w/ Gallic armor gaudeo, gaudere, be glad, rejoice gavisus sum gaudium, gaudi(i) N joy, delight, gladness; physical/ sensual delight Geennae Gehenna, small valley in Jerusalem: signifies hell gemitus, gemitus M groan, sigh; roaring gemma, gemmae F bud; jewel, gem, precious stone; amber; cup; seal, signet; game piece gemo, gemere, gemui, moan, groan; lament; grieve that; gemitus give out a hollow sound gena, genae F cheeks; eyes Genadius (Gennadius Genadius, Byzantine philosopher II) and theologian (c. 1400-c. 1473) generalis, generalis, general, generic; shared by/ generale common to a class/ kind; of the nature of a thing generatim by tribes/ kinds; generally generatio, generationis generation, action/ process of F procreating, begetting; generation of men/ family genitor, genitoris M father; creator; originator gens, gentis F tribe, clan; nation, people; Gentiles gentilis, gentilis, gentile gentile; non-Jew; heathen/ pagan, not of one's faith genu, genus N knee genus, generis N birth/ descent/ origin; race/ family/ house/ stock/ ancestry; offspring/ descent germanus, germana, own/ full; genuine, real, actual, true germanum germen, germinis N sprout, bud; shoot gero, gerere, gessi, bear, carry, wear; carry on; manage, gestus govern gerra, -ae F war; retaliation, feud; plur. trifles 1x gestio, gestire, gestivci, be eager, wish passionately; gestitus gesticulate, express strong feeling, exult gestum, i N what has been carried out; plur. deeds, exploits gigas, gigantos/ is M giant; Giant; the Giants gigantes gigno, gignere, genui, give birth to, bring forth, bear; geniturae genitus beget; be born gladius, gladi(i) M sword glis, gliris M dormouse 1x gloria, gloriae F glory, fame; ambition; renown; vainglory, boasting gloriatio, -onis F exalting, boasting, vaunting, glorying glorifico, glorificare, glorify; magnify, honor, worship; glorificavi, glorificatus exalt in thought/ speech; uplift glorior, gloriari, boast, brag; glory, pride oneself gloriatus sum gloriosus, -a, -um; glorious, full of glory; famous; gloriosior, conceited; ostentatious gloriosissimus glossa, glossae F glossary, collection/ list of 1x unfamiliar/ unusual words glossema, glossematis N unusual word requiring 1x interpretation; collection/ list of such words gluten, glutinis N glue, paste; gum; adhesive; solder; connecting tie/ band/ bond glutio, glutire, —, — swallow, gulp down Gomorra place name, biblical Gomorrham Gomorrhaeorum grabatus, grabati M cot, camp bed, pallet; low couch or bed gradarius, gradaria, going step by step gradarium gradior, gradi, gressus walk, step, take steps, go, advance sum gradus, gradus M step; position graecanius, -a, -um Greek graecismum* Attticism, i.e. Greek ideology; Hellenism graecus, graeca, Greek graecum grandis, -is, grande; grown up; large, great, grand, tall, grandior, grandissimus lofty; powerful; aged, old graphice ADV artistically graphicus, graphica, worthy of painting, perfect of kind; graphicum* exquisite; picturesque, artistic grassor, grassari, march on, advance; roam in search grassante, grassatus sum of victims, prowl; proceed; run riot; grassantem gratia, gratiae F popularity/ esteem/ credit; partiality/ favoritism; unpopularity gratificor, gratificari, oblige, gratify, humor, show gratificatus sum kindness to; bestow gratis ADV gratis, without payment, for nothing; freely; for no reward but thanks gratitudo, gratitudinis F gratitude gratuitus, gratuita, free, gratuitous; without pay; gratuitum unremunerative gratulatio, gratulationis congratulation; rejoicing F gratulor, gratulari, congratulate; rejoice, be glad; gratulatus sum thank, give/ render thanks gratus, -a, -um; gratior, pleasing, acceptable, agreeable, gratissimus welcome; dear, beloved; grateful, thankful gravidus, -a, -um pregnant; laden/ swollen/ teeming; weighed down; rich/ abundant gravis, grave; gravior, heavy; painful; important; serious; gravissimus pregnant; grave, oppressive, burdensome gravitas, gravitatis F weight; dignity; gravity; importance, oppressiveness; pregnancy; sickness graviter, gravius, violently; deeply; severely; gravissime ADV reluctantly gravo, gravare, gravavi, load/ weigh down; burden, oppress; gravatus (and gravor pollute; accuse, incriminate; DEP) aggravate gremium, gremi(i) N lap, bosom; womb, interior; female genital parts gressus, gressus M; pp going; step; the feet (pl.) gradior grex, gregis flock, herd; crowd; company, crew; people/ animals assembled; set/ faction/ class grunio (grunnio), grunt gruniunt grunnire, —, — guberno, gubernare, steer, drive, pilot, direct, manage, gubernavi, gubernatus conduct, guide, control, govern gula, gulae F throat, neck, gullet, maw; palate, appetite gurgustium, gurgustii N hut, hovel gusto, gustare, gustavi, taste, sip; have some experience of; gustatus enjoy gustus, gustus M tasting, appetite; draught of water gymnosophistis ancient Indian philosophers who 1x regarded food and clothing as detrimental to purity of thought gyrus, gyri M circle, ring; circuit; course; circular course for training/ racing horses habeo, habere, habui, have, hold, consider, think, reason; habitus manage, keep; spend/ pass (time) habitator, habitatoris M inhabitant, dweller habito, habitare, inhabit, dwell; live, stay habitavi, habitatus habitudo, habitudinis F condition habitus, habitus M condition, state; garment/ dress; expression, demeanor; character hac ADV (and here, by this side, this way demonstrative PRON hic, haec, hoc) hactenus as far as this, to this place/ point/ time/ extent, thus far, hitherto haedus, -i M; also kid goat hoedus haemorrhois, poisonous snake haemorrhoidis F haereditarius, -a, -um hereditary, inherited haereditas, haereditatis inheritance, possession; hereditary F succession; generation; heirship haereo, haerere, haesi, stick, adhere, cling to; hesitate; be haesus in difficulties haeres, haeredis C heir/ heiress (heres) haeresis, haeresis F philosophical/ religious school of thought/ sect; heresy/ heretical doctrine haereticus, i M heretic haereticus, haeretica, heretical, of/ belonging to heretical haereticum religious doctrines haesitatio, haesitationis hesitation, hesitating; stammering; F resolution haesito, haesitare, stick, hesitate, be undecided; be haesitavi, haesitatus stuck halitus, halitus M breath, steam, vapor hallucinor, -ari, -atus to wander in mind, digress idly, sum (alucinor) prate, dream hamatus, hamata, hooked, barbed hamatum harmonia, harmoniae F harmony/ concord; melody, order of notes; coupling hasta, hastae F spear/ lance/ javelin; spear stuck in ground for public auction/ haudminus ADV by no means less haudquaquam ADV by no means, in no way; not at all haurio, haurire, hausi, draw up/ out; drink, swallow, drain, haustus exhaust hebes, hebetis blunt, dun; languid; stupid hebesco, hebescere, —, grow blunt or feeble 4x — hebeto, hebetare, blunt, deaden, make dull/ faint/ hebetavi, hebetatus* dim/ torpid/ inactive, weaken Hebraeus, Hebraea, Hebrew, Jewish Hebraeum helluo, helluonis M glutton, gourmand; squanderer; one who spends immoderately on eating hem what's that?; Ah!/ alas!; there/ here! Herculeus, -a, -um Herculean columnas Herculeas Hercules, Herculis M Hercules heres (haeres), heredis heir/ heiress C Hester Esther, Hester, biblical: Jewish queen heu oh! ah! alas! heus hey!, ho!, ho there!, listen! hiacynthus, -i M iris, assoc. with hyacinth and perhaps with Hyacinth from Greek mythology hic, haec, hoc (+ enclitic this, these; -ce = intensifier huiusce = 13x -ce) hiems, hiemis F winter, winter time; rainy season; cold, frost; storm, stormy weather hierarchia, hierarchiae hierarchy; governing body of F Church Hieremias, Hieremiae Jeremiah; book of Bible) M Hieronymus, Jerome Hieronymi M Hierusalem, undeclined Jerusalem N hilaris, hilare, hilarior, cheerful, lively, light-hearted hilarissimus Hilarius St Hilary of Poitiers (c. 310-c. 367) histrio, histrionis M actor; performer in pantomime hodie today, nowadays; at the present time hoedus, hoedi M (also kid, young goat; two stars in haedus) constellation Auriga holocaustum, holocausti whole burnt offering, sacrifice N wholly consumed by fire; holocaust Homero ABL Homer In 1546 prologue homicidium, homicide, murder homicidi(i) N homo, hominis M man (homone homo + ne) homuncio, homuncionis little man, manikin 1x M homunculus, homunculi little man, manikin 1x M honesto, honestare, honor; adorn, grace honestavi, honestatus honestus, -a, -um; distinguished, reputable, respected, honestior, honorable, upright, honest; worthy honestissimus honoro, honorare, respect, honor honoravi, honoratus honos, honoris M honor; respect/ regard; mark of esteem, reward; dignity/ grace; public office hora, horae F hour; time; season horreo, horrere, horrui, dread, shrink from, shudder at; — stand on end, bristle; have rough appearance horreum, horrei N storehouse; barn horribilis, horribile; awful, horrible, terrible; monstrous; horribilior, rough horribilissimus horridus, horrida, wild, frightful, rough, bristly, horridum standing on end, unkempt; grim; horrible horror, horroris M shivering, dread, awe rigidity hortor, hortari, hortatus encourage; cheer; incite; urge; sum exhort hortulus, hortuli M small/ little garden; park; pleasure 1x grounds hortus, horti M garden, fruit/ kitchen garden; pleasure garden; park hospes, hospitis of relation between host and guest; that hosts; that guests; foreign, alien hospitalis, hospitalis, of or for a guest; hospitable hospitalium gen. hospitale pl. hostilis, hostilis, hostile hostile, enemy; of/ belonging to an enemy; involving/ performed by an enemy hostiliter ADV in an unfriendly/ hostile way, in the manner of an enemy hostis, hostis enemy; stranger, foreigner; the enemy huber = uber, uberis; fertile, rich, abundant, abounding, uberior, uberrimus fruitful, plentiful, copious, productive hubertim ADV (alt. abundantly ubertim) hucusque thus far, to this point, up to this time; hitherto; to this extent huiuscemodi of this sort humanitas, humanitatis human nature/ character/ feeling; F kindness/ courtesy; culture/ civilization humanus, -a, -um; human; kind; humane, civilized, humanior, refined humanissimus humerus, humeri M upper arm, shoulder humilio, humiliare, humble; abase; humiliate humiliavi, humiliatus humilis, humile; low, lowly, small, slight, base, mean, humilior, humillimus humble, obscure, poor, insignificant humilitas, humilitatis F insignificance/ unimportance/ degradation/ debasement/ humiliation humus, humi F ground, soil, earth, land, country hydra, hydrae F water-serpent, snake hyperbaton, hyperbati transposition of words 1x N hypocrisis, hypocrisis F hypocrisy, pretended sanctity; mimicry, imitation of speech/ gestures hypocrites, hypocritae actor; mime accompanying actor's M delivery w/ gestures; hypocrite hypostasis, hypostasis F basis, foundation; single substance; rational single substance, person Hypostasis, Hypostasis Substance; Person of the Trinity M iacio, iacere, ieci, iactus throw, hurl, cast; throw away; utter Iacob James, Jacob iactito, iactitare, mention; bandy iactitavi, iactitatus iacto, iactare, iactavi, throw out, throw, jerk about; iactatus disturb; boast, discuss iactura, -ae F loss; sacrifice; expense, cost; throwing away/ overboard iam now, already, by/ even now; besides iandudum (iamdudum) long ago/ before/ since; this long 1x time; immediately, at once ianua, -ae F door, gate 2x ibi there, in that place; thereupon iccirco (idcirco) therefore, on that account ictus, ictus M blow, stroke; musical/ metrical beat; measure idea, ideae F idea; eternal prototype idem, eadem, idem (- the same dem) ideo ADV therefore, for the reason that, for that reason idipsum together; forthwith; completely; that very thing idololatres, idololatrae idolater, idol worshipper M idolon, idoli N specter, apparition; image, form; idol, image of pagan god idoneus, idonea, suitable, appropriate, adequate, idoneum having right qualities; qualified, able; apt iecur, iecoris N liver ieiunium, ieiuni(i) N fasting/ fast; Lent; hunger; leanness ieiunus, -a, -um; fasting, abstinent, hungry; dry, ieiunior, ieiunissimus* barren, unproductive; scanty, meager Iesse Jesse (with reference to Isaiah 11.1) IESUS Jesus igitur therefore, so/ then; consequently; accordingly; well/ in that case ignarus, ignara, ignorant; unaware, having no ignarum experience of; senseless; strange ignauiter in a cowardly way; meanly; 1x sluggishly ignavia, ignaviae F idleness, laziness; faintheartedness ignavus, -a, -um; lazy/ idle/ sluggish; spiritless; ignavior, ignavissimus cowardly, faint-hearted; ignoble, mean; useless igneus, ignea, igneum fiery, hot; ardent ignis, ignis M fire, brightness; passion, glow of passion ignobilis, ignobilis, ignoble; unknown, obscure; of low ignobile birth ignominia, ignominiae disgrace, ignominy, dishonor F ignorans, ignorantis; ignorant (of), unaware, not ignorantior, knowing; ignorant of Christian ignorantissimus truth ignoranter ignorantly; unintentionally/ not 1x knowingly, unconsciously; unexpectedly ignorantia, ignorantiae ignorance; lack of knowledge F ignoratio, -onis F ignorance; lack of knowledge ignoro, ignorare, to not know; be unfamiliar with; ignoravi, ignoratus disregard; ignore; be ignorant of ignosco, ignoscere, pardon, forgive (w/ DAT) ignovi, ignotus illabor, illabi, illapsus slide/ glide/ flow, move smoothly; 1x illapsu sum fall/ sink illecebra, illecebrae F allurement, means of attraction; incitement; enticement by magic illecto, -are, -avi, -atus entice, attract, allure illex, illicis C (also one who entices, decoy ADJ)* illibatus, -a, -um; intact, undiminished, kept/ left illibatissimam illibatior, illibatissimus whole/ entire; unimpaired illibenter unwillingly illicio, illicere, illexi, seduce, tempt illectus illicitus, illicita, illicitum forbidden, unlawful, illicit illicium, -ii N enticement, charm a mundi illicio; illicia ad peccatum illico immediately; on the spot, in that very place illuc there, thither, to that place/ point illucesco, illucescere, begin to dawn illuxi, — illudo, illudere, illusi, mock, ridicule, speak mockingly of; illusus fool, dupe; use for sexual pleasure illuminatio, glory, illustriousness; enlightening; illuminationis F lighting/ illumination illumino, illuminare, illuminate, give light to; light up; illuminavi, illuminatus reveal/ throw light on; brighten illustro, illustrare, lluminate, light up; give glory; illustravi, illustratus embellish; make clear, elucidate; enlighten illuvies, illuviei F dirt, filth; filthy condition imaginor, imaginari, imagine, conceive, picture to oneself imaginatus sum imago, imaginis F likeness, image, appearance; statue; idea; echo; ghost, phantom imbecillis, imbecille; weak/ feeble; delicate; fragile; imbecillior, ineffective; lacking in power/ imbecillissimus resources imbecillitas, weakness, feebleness; moral/ imbecillitatis F intellectual weakness imber, imbris M rain, shower, storm; shower of liquid/ snow/ hail/ missiles; water imbibo, imbibere, drink in, imbibe; assimilate; absorb imbibi, imbitus into one's mind, conceive imbuo, imbuere, imbui, wet, soak, dip; give initial imbutus instruction imitatio, imitationis F imitation, copy, mimicking imitor, imitari, imitatus imitate/ copy/ mimic; follow; make sum an imitation/ reproduction; resemble; simulate immanis, immane; huge/ vast / immense/ 4x immanior, tremendous/ extreme/ monstrous; immanissimus inhuman/ savage/ brutal/ frightful immedicabilis, -is, incurable immedicabile immemor, immemoris forgetful; lacking memory; heedless immensus, immensa, immeasurable, immense/ vast/ immensum boundless/ unending; infinitely great; innumerable immergo, immergere, dip; plunge; to plunge into, to immersi, immersus insinuate immeritus, immerita, undeserving; undeserved, immeritum unmerited immisceo, immiscere, mix in, mingle; confuse immiscui, immixtus immissio, immissionis F insertion/ engrafting, action of putting/ sending in, of allowing to enter immitis, immite; cruel, rough, harsh, sour; rude, immitior, immitissimus rough; severe, stern; inexorable; savage immobilis, immobilis, immovable; immobile; fixed/ immobile unalterable; unmoving/ motionless/ unchanging immoderatus, unlimited, immoderate, disorderly immoderata, immoderatum immorari [moror] delay; stay, stay behind; devote attention to immortalis, immortalis, eternal, everlasting, perpetual; immortale imperishable immotus, immota, unmoved, unchanged; immovable; immotum inflexible immunditia, dirtiness/ untidiness; foulness; lust/ immunditiae F wantonness; dirty conditions immundus, -a, -um, dirty, filthy, foul; unclean, impure; immundior, untidy/ slovenly/ squalid; evil immundissimus immunis, immunis, free from taxes/ tribute, exempt; immune immune immutabilis, unchangeable/ unalterable; liable to immutabilis, be changed immutabile immuto, immutare, change, alter, transform immutavi, immutatus imo [immo] on the contrary, more correctly; no indeed, nay rather impalpabilis, -is, -e intangible impar, imparis unequal; uneven, odd; inferior; not a match imparatus, -a, -um not prepared; unready impartibilis, -is, -e able to be imparted/ bestowed impartio, impartire, bestow, impart, give a share; impartivi, impartitus communicate impavidus, impavida, fearless, intrepid impavidum impeccabilis, -is, -e impeccable impedimentum, hindrance, impediment; heavy impedimenti N baggage impedio, impedire, hinder, impede, hamper, obstruct, impedivi, impeditus prevent from impello, impellere, drive/ persuade/ impel; urge on/ impuli, impulsus action; push/ thrust/ strike against; overthrow impendo, impendere, expend, spend; devote impendi, impensus imperator, imperatoris emperor; general; ruler; M commander imperfectio, imperfection imperfectionis F imperfectus, imperfecta, unfinished, incomplete; imperfect; imperfectum not complete in every respect; undigested imperitus, -a, -um; unskilled, inexperienced; imperitior, unfamiliar, ignorant impertissimus imperium, imperi(i) N command; authority; rule, supreme power; the state, the empire impero, imperare, order, command, levy; rule imperavi, imperatus imperscrutabilis, -is, -e impenetrable; inscrutable imperterritus, fearless imperterrita, imperterritum impertio, impertire, bestow, impart, give a share; impertivi, impertitus communicate impeto, impetere, attack, assail; rush upon; accuse impetivi, impetitus impetro, impetrare, obtain/ procure; succeed/ achieve/ impetravi, impetratus be granted impetuosus, -a, -um impetuous impetuose M VOC impetus, impetus M attack, assault, charge; attempt; impetus, vigor; violent mental urge, fury impexus, impexa, uncombed inpexum impietas, impietatis F failure in duty or respect impingo, impingere, thrust, strike or dash against impegisse impegi, impactus impius, impia, impium wicked, impious, irreverent; showing no regard for divinely imposed moral duty implacabilis, relentless, irreconcilable implacabilis, implacabile impleo, implere, fill up; satisfy, fulfill; fill, finish, implevi, impletus complete; spend implexe ADV formed in an entwined manner from ADJ implexus = involved, entwined imploro, implorare, appeal to, invoke; beg, beseech, imploravi, imploratus implore; ask for help/ favor/ protection impoenitens, impenitent, unrepentant impoenitentis impono, imponere, impose, put upon; establish; inflict; imposui, impositus assign/ place in command; set impossibilis, -is, -e impossible impostura, -ae F imposture, deceit, deception impotens, impotentis* powerless, impotent, wild, headstrong; having no control, incapable impotentia, -ae F weakness, immmoderate behavior, violence imprecor, imprecari, call down/ upon, invoke; pray for; imprecatus sum utter curses impressio, impressionis push, thrust, assault, onslaught; F emphatic pronunciation; squashing/ squeezing imprimo, imprimere, impress, imprint; press upon; impressi, impressus stamp improbitas, wickedness unscrupulousness, improbitatis F dishonesty; shamelessness; want of principle improbo, improbare, disapprove of, express disapproval improbavi, improbatus of, condemn; reject improbus, improba, wicked/ flagrant; morally unsound; improbum; improbiore, greedy/ rude; immoderate; disloyal; improbissimus shameless improperium, taunt; insulting reproach; bitterly improperii N sarcastic remark impropero, hasten into, enter hastily improperare, improperavi, improperatus improuide ADV in an improvident/ thoughtless way improvidus, improvida, improvident; thoughtless; unwary improvidum imprudens, ignorant; unaware; unintentional, imprudentis; unsuspecting; foolish/ incautious/ imprudentior, imprudentissimus imprudenter, -ius, rashly, unintentionally, imprudently issime ADV impudens, impudentis; shameless, impudent impudentior, impudentissimus impudentia, -ae F shamelessness; effrontery impudicitia, -ae F sexual impurity (often of homosexuality) impudicus, impudica, shameless; unchaste; flaunting impudicum accepted sexual code impugno, impugnare, fight against, attack, assail impugnavi, impugnatus impure, impurius, basely, shamefully, vilely, impurissime ADV infamously; impurely impurus, impura, unclean, filthy, foul; impure; impurum morally foul imputo, imputare, charge, enter as debit/ credit; take imputavi, imputatus into account; impute, ascribe; lay to charge imus, ima, imum inmost, deepest, bottommost, last in inaccessibilis, -is, -e inaccessible; unapproachable; not approached by any rival inaccessus, inaccessa, inaccessible; unapproachable; not inaccessum approached by any rival inamabilis, inamabilis, disagreeable, unattractive inamabile inamoenus, -a, -um cheerless; disagreeable inanimis, inanimis, lifeless, inanimate; without/ inanime deprived of/ not endowed with breath inanis, inanis, inane; void, empty, hollow; vain; inane, inanior, inanissimus foolish inardesco, inardescere, kindle, take fire; become glowing inarsi, — inaudio, inaudire, hear of; learn inaudivi, inauditus incautus, -a, -um; incautious, off one's guard, incautior, incautissimus unprotected incedo, incedere, advance, march; approach; step, incessi, incessus walk, march along incendium, incendi(i) N fire, conflagration; fiery heat; fiery passion/ love/ hostility; arson incendo, incendere, set on fire; set fire to, kindle, burn; incendi, incensus cause to flame/ burn; keep fire burning incertus, incerta, uncertain; unsure, inconstant, incertum variable; doubtful incestus, incesta, unchaste; unholy, unclean, incestum religiously impure, polluted, defiled, sinful, lewd incido, incidere, incidi, cut into, cut open; inscribe, engrave incisus inscription; break off incipio (incoepio), begin; start, undertake incipere, incepi, inceptus incirconcisus, -a, -um uncircumcised (incirumcisus) incitamentum, i N incentive, stimulus inclementia, harshness inclementiae F inclino, inclinare, end; lower; incline; decay; grow inclinavi, inclinatus worse; set; deject includo, includere, shut up/ in, imprison, enclose; inclusi, inclusus include incogitans, incogitantis inconsiderate, thoughtless incogitantia, thoughtlessness incogitantiae F incognitus, incognita, unknown; not known; untried, incognitum untested incola, -ae C inhabitant; resident, dweller; resident alien; foreigner incolo, incolere, incolui, live, dwell/ reside; inhabit; sojourn — incommodus, -a, -um; inconvenient, troublesome, incommodior, annoying; disadvantageous; incommodissimus disagreeable; disobliging incomparabilis, -is, -e incomparable; cannot be equaled incomprehensibilis, - inconceivable; endless; that cannot bilis, -bile be overtaken inconcessus, -a, -um forbidden inconcussus, -a, -um unshaken, firm inconstans, inconstantis changeable, fickle inconstantia, -ae F changeableness fickleness inconsulte rashly, ill-advisedly, incautiously inconsultus, inconsulta, rash, ill-advised, thoughtless, inconsultum injudicious; not asked inconsutilis, -is, -e seamless, unsewn incontinentia, -ae F incontinence, intemperateness incorruptio, incorruptibility, imperishability incorruptionis F increatus, -a, -um not created incredibilis, -is, -e incredible; extraordinary Rem pene incrediblem dicam, p. 319 incredulus, incredula, unbelieving, disbelieving, incredulum incredulous; disobedient incrementum, growth, development, increase; incrementi N germ; offshoot; advancement increpo, increpare, rattle, snap, clash, roar, twang, increpui, increpitus make noise; strike noisily incrudesco, -ere, to become violent/ more savage/ incrudui, — harder; to become raw incubo, incubare [sic], to lie in or on w/ DAT; brood over incubuerimus incubui, incubitum inculco, inculcare, force upon, impress, drive home inculcavi, inculcatus incultus, -a, -um; uncultivated, overgrown; unkempt; incultior, incultissimus rough, uncouth incumbo, incumbere, lean forward/ over/ on, to lie on; incumbui, incumbitus press on; attack, apply force; fall on; be inclined toward; burden, oppress incunabulum, apparatus of the cradle; one's incunabuli N earliest years; birthplace incurro, incurrere, run into or towards, attack, invade; incurri, incursus meet; befall inde thence, thenceforth; from that place/ time/ cause; thereupon indefessus, indefessa, unwearied; indefatigable indefessum indeficiens, indeficientis unfailing indelebilis, indelebilis, imperishable indelebile indemnis, indemnis, uninjured; suffering no damage/ indemne loss; suffering no loss of wealth/ property index, indicis N sign, token, proof; index, list; title; indicator; informer, tale bearer; indicatrix* one that indicates indicibili, -is, -e indescribable, inexpressible indicium, indici(i) N evidence; information, proof; indication indico, indicare, point out, show, indicate, expose, indicavi, indicatus betray, reveal; inform against, accuse indico, indicere, indixi, declare publicly; proclaim, indictus announce; appoint; summon indigentia, -ae indigence indigeo, indigere, need, lack, require indiguissemus indigui, — indignabunde ADV indignantly, furiously indignabundus, -a, -um indignant, furious indignanter indignantly indignatio, indignation; anger; angry outburst indignationis F indignitas, indignitatis vileness, baseness, shamelessness; F outrageousness; indignity, humiliation indignor, indignari, deem unworthy, scorn, regard with indignatus sum indignation, resent, be indignant indignus, -a, -um; unworthy, undeserving, indignior, indignissimus undeserved; unbecoming; shameful; intolerable; cruel indiscrete ADV indiscreetly indiscretus, indiscreta, indistinguishable; used indiscretum indiscriminately; alike/ equal; not divided/ separable indissolubilis, indestructible/ imperishable; that indissolubilis, cannot be dissolved/ loosened/ indissolubile untied individuus, individua, indivisible, inseparable individuum indivisibilis, indivisible, inseparable indivisibilis, indivisibile indo, indere, indedi, put in or on; introduce indita, inditum inditus indoctus, -a, -um; untaught; unlearned, ignorant, indoctior, indoctissimus untrained indoles, indolis F innate character; inborn quality indomitus, -a, -um untamed; untamable, fierce indubitabilis, indisputable, indubitable, not indubitabilis, admitting to doubt indubitabile indubitanter indubitably, indisputably, beyond all doubt indubitatus, -a, -um; unquestionable, certain, indubitatior, indisputable; undoubted; not indubitatissimus hesitated over, confident induco, inducere, lead in, bring in; induce, influence; induxi, inductus introduce indulgeo, indulgere, indulge; be indulgent/ lenient/ indulsi, indultus kind; grant/ bestow; gratify oneself; give in to induo, induere, indui, put on, clothe, cover; dress oneself indutus in induresco, indurescere, harden, set, become hard/ robust; indurere indurui, — become firmly established induro, indurare, make hard induravi, induratus industrius, -a, -um; industrious, diligent; active; zealous; assiduous inebrio, inebriare, intoxicate, make drunk; saturate/ inebriavi, inebriatus drench ineffabilis, ineffabilis, indescribable, ineffable, cannot be ineffabile described/ expressed w/ words inefficax, inefficacis; useless, ineffectual, unavailing, inefficacior, achieving nothing inefficacissimus inenarrabilis, indescribable inenarrabilis, inenarrabile ineo, inire, inivi(ii), enter; undertake; begin; go in; enter initus upon ineptia, -ae silliness, folly, absurdity ineptio, ineptire, —, — play the fool, trifle ineptus, inepta, silly, foolish; having no sense of ineptum’ ineptior, what is fitting ineptissimus inermis, inermis, unarmed, without weapons; inerme defenseless; toothless, without a sting iners, inertis; inertior, helpless, weak, inactive, inert, inertissimus sluggish, stagnant; unskillful, incompetent inertia, -ae F ignorance; inactivity; laziness, idleness, sloth ineruditus, -a, -um; uninformed, uneducated; illiterate; ineruditior, ignorant ineruditissimus inesco, inescare, entice; fill with food inescavi, inescatus inevitabilis, inevitabilis, unavoidable inevitabile inexorabilis, inexorable, relentless inexorabilis, inexorabile inexpiabilis, implacable; inexpiable, that cannot inexpiabilis, inexpiabile be expiated inexplebilis, insatiable; that cannot be sated/ inexplebilis, inexplebile filled; impossible to satisfy inexpletus, inexpleta, unfilled, insatiate inexpletum inextinguibilis, -is, -e unquenchable, inextinguishable inextricabilis, impossible to disentangle or sort inextricabilis, out inextricabile infabricatus, unwrought, unfashioned infabricata, infabricatum infamia, infamiae F disgrace, dishonor; infamy infamis, infamis, infame notorious, disreputable, infamous infamo, infamare, bring into disrepute; defame infamavi, infamatus infans, infantis speechless, inarticulate; new born; childish, foolish infarcio (infercio), stuff, fill up; gorge oneself; insert as infarcire, infarse, stuffing, cram infartus infelicitas, infelicitatis F misfortune infelix, infelicis; unfortunate, unhappy, wretched; 17x; infelicius infelicior, infelicissimus unlucky, inauspicious; infensus, infensa, hostile, bitterly hostile, enraged infensum infer, infera, -um; below, beneath, underneath; of hell; inferior, infumus/ vile; lower, further down; lowest, infimus last infero, inferre, intuli, bring/ carry in, import; advance, illatus bring/ march/ step/ move forward; impel, urge infestus, -a, -um; unsafe, dangerous; hostile; infestior, infestissimus disturbed, molested, infested, unquiet inficio, inficere, infeci, corrupt, infect, imbue; poison; dye, infectus stain, color, spoil inficior, inficiari, deny, repudiate, disown inficiatus sum infidelis, -is, -e; treacherous, disloyal infidelior, infidelissimus infidelitas, infidelitatis faithlessness; inconstancy F infidus, infida, infidum writing without faith; writing faithlessly infigo, infigere, infixi, fasten, fix, implant, affix; impose; infixus drive/ thrust in infinitus, infinita, boundless, unlimited, endless; infinitum infinite infirmitas, infirmitatis F weakness; sickness infirmus, -a, -um; fragile/ frail/ feeble; unwell/ sick/ infirmior, infirmissimus infirm inflammo, inflammare, set on fire, inflame, kindle; excite inflammavi, inflammatus inflo, inflare, inflavi, blow into/ upon; puff out inflatus infoelix (infelix) unfortunate, unhappy informatio, information informationis F informis, informis, formless, shapeless; deformed; ugly, informe hideous informo, informare, shape, form; fashion; form an idea informavi, informatus of infortunium, misfortune, punishment infortuni(i) N infringo, infringere, break, break off; lessen, weaken, infregi, infractus diminish, dishearten; overcome, crush infula, infulae F band; fillet; woolen headband knotted with ribbons infundo, infundere, pour in, pour on, pour out infudi, infusus ingemisco, ingemiscere, groan/ moan at/ over; cry w/ pain/ ingemui, ingemitus anguish/ sorrow; creak/ groan ingenero, ingenerare, implant ingeneravi, ingeneratus ingeniosus, -a, -um; clever, ingenious; naturally suited; ingeniosior, having natural abilities/ talents ingeniosissimus ingenium, ingeni(i) N nature, innate quality; natural disposition/ capacity; character; talent ingens, ingentis; not natural, immoderate; huge, ingentior, ingentissimus vast, enormous; mighty; remarkable, momentous ingenuus, -a, -um; natural, indigenous; free-born; ingenuiore, noble, generous, frank ingenuissimus ingero, ingerere, carry in, throw in; heap; force/ ingessi, ingestus thrust/ throw upon ingluvies, ingluviei F gullet, jaws; gluttony ingratis ADJ and ADV unpleasant, ungrateful; unwillingly ingratitudo, inis F ingratitude ingratus, -a, -um; unpleasant; ungrateful; thankless ingratior, ingratissimus ingredior, ingredi, advance, walk; enter, step/ go into; ingressus sum undertake, begin inhabilis, inhabilis, difficult to handle; not fitted, inhabile awkward inhabito, inhabitare, dwell in, inhabit, occupy; wear inhabitavi, inhabitatus inhaereo, inhaerere, stick/ hold fast/ to, cling, adhere, inhaesi, inhaesus fasten on; haunt, dwell in; get teeth in inhio, inhiare, inhiavi, gape, be open mouthed with inhiatus astonishment; covet, desire inhonestus, -a, -um; shameful, not regarded with honor/ inhonestior, respect; degrading inhonestissimus inhospitus, -a, -um inhospitable iniicio, iniicere, inieci, hurl/ throw/ strike in/ into; inject; iniectus put on; inspire, instill inimicitia, inimicitiae F unfriendliness, enmity, hostility inimicus, inimica, -um; unfriendly, hostile, harmful inimicior, inimicissimus iniquitas, iniquitatis F unfairness, inequality, unevenness iniquus, iniqua, -um; unjust, unfair; disadvantageous, iniquior, iniquissimus uneven; unkind, hostile initio, initiare, initiavi, initiate; admit with introductory initiatus rites initium, initi(i) N beginning, commencement; entrance iniuria, -ae F injury; injustice, wrong, offense; insult, abuse; sexual assault iniuriosus, iniuriosa, wrongful, insulting iniuriosum iniurius, iniuria, unjust, harsh iniurium iniussus, iniussa, unbidden, voluntary, of one's own iniussum accord; without orders/ command; forbidden iniuste ADV unjustly iniustus, -a, -um unjust, wrongful; severe, excessive; unsuitable innitor, inniti, innixus lean/ rest on, be supported by sum innocens, innocentis harmless, innocent; virtuous, upright innocentia, innocentiae harmlessness; innocence, integrity F innocuus, innocua, innocent; harmless innocuum innodatus, -a, -um = knotted against, knotted into in+nodo innotesco, innotescere, become known, be made innotui, — conspicuous innovatio, innovationis renewal; alteration; innovation F innovo, innovare, alter, make a innovation in; renew, innovavi, innovatus restore; return to a thing innoxius, innoxia, harmless, innocuous; unhurt, innoxium unharmed innumerus, innumera, innumerable, countless, innumerum numberless; without number; immense innuo, innuere, innui, nod or beckon innutus inobedientia, disobedience inobedientiae F inopia, inopiae F lack, need; poverty, destitution, dearth, want, scarcity inops, inopis weak, poor, needy, helpless; lacking, destitute, meager inordinatus, inordinata, disordered, not arranged; irregular; inordinatum disorderly, not legal inquiam (defective; to say inquis, inquit, postpos.) inquiunt inquieto, inquietare, disturb, trouble, molest, harass; inquietavi, inquietatus press legal claim against; fidget, twiddle inquietudo, disturbance, troubles; outbreak of inquietudinis F disorder inquietus, inquieta, - rest/ sleepless, finding/ taking no um; inquietior, rest; constantly active/ in motion; inquietissimus unquiet inquinamentum, impurity, filth, that which makes inquinamenti N foul/ impure; defilement inquinatus, -a, -um; soiled, polluted, stained inquinatior, inquinatissimus inquino, inquinare, stain, pollute; soil; "smear" inquinavi, inquinatus inquiro, inquirere, examine, investigate, scrutinize; inquisivi, inquisitus seek grounds for accusation; search, seek inquisitio, inquisitionis search, hunting out; inquiry, F investigation; spying; collecting evidence inquisitor, inquisitoris investigator, researcher; who M inquires/ collects evidence; inspector insania, insaniae F insanity, madness; folly, mad extravagance insanio, insanire, be mad, act crazily insanivi, insanitus insanus, -a, -um; mad, raging, insane, demented; insanior, insanissimus frenzied, wild; possessed, inspired; maddening insaturabilis not able to be satisfied/ sated inscitia, inscitiae F ignorance inscius, inscia, inscium not knowing, ignorant; unskilled insculpo, insculpere, carve, engrave; engrave on the mind insculpsi, insculptus insector, insectari, pursue with hostile intent; pursue insectatus sum with hostile speech, etc. insenesco, insenescere, grow old in; wane insenui, — inseparabilis, inseparable, that cannot be inseparabilis, separated/ divided inseparabile inseparabiliter inseparably; constant, always insequor, insequi, follow/ come after; attack; overtake; insecutus sum pursue; come after insero, inserere, plant, sow, graft and see sero, inserui/ insevi, insertus serere insideo, insidere, insidi, sit; sit a horse; be seated; rest/ lie insessus upon; lie heavy insidia, insidiae F ambush/ ambuscade; plot; treachery, treacherous attack/ device; trap/ snare insido, insidere, insedi, sit/ settle on; occupy/ seize, hold; insessus penetrate, sink in; merge into insigne, ingisgnis N mark, emblem, badge of honor insignio, insignire, mark with a characteristic feature; insignivi, insignitus distinguish insignis, insignis, conspicuous, manifest, eminent, insigne notable, famous, distinguished, outstanding insimulo, insimulare, accuse, charge; allege insimulavi, insimulatus insincerus, insincera, corrupt; not genuine insyncerae insincerum* insinuo, insinuare, push in, work in, creep in, insinuate insinuavi, insinuatus insipientia, insipientiae foolishness F insipio, insipere, act foolishly insipui, insipitus insitio, insitionis F grafting; place of graft; grafting time; graft, engrafted plant insititius (insiticius), -a, engrafted, inserted into -um insitus, insita, insitum inserted, incorporated, attached; grafting; innate insolens, insolentis haughty, arrogant, insolent; immoderate, extravagant insolenter, insolentius, haughtily, arrogantly, insolently; insolentissime immoderately; unusually, contrary to custom insolentia unusualness, haughtiness, arrogance, insolence insolesco, insolescere, become overbearing; grow proud/ insolevi, — haughty/ insolent; change, become manly insolitus, insolita, unaccustomed insolitum inspectabilis, -ile noteworthy; glorious inspecto, -are, -avi, - look at, observe, watch atus insperatus, insperata, unhoped for, unexpected, insperatum unforeseen inspicio, inspicere, examine, inspect; consider, look inspexi, inspectus into/ at, observe inspiratio, inspirationis inspiration; act of breathing in; F breath of life; soul instabilis, instabilis, unsteady, shaky; unstable; instabile inconstant instar, undeclined N image, likeness, resemblance; counterpart; the equal/ form of instauratio, renewal, repetition instaurationis F instauro, instaurare, renew, repeat, restore instauravi, instauratus instinctus, instincta, roused, fired; infuriated instinctum institor, institoris M shopkeeper, peddler; who displays as if for sale instituo, instituere, set up, establish, found, make, institui, institutus institute; build; prepare; decide institutio, institutionis F institution; arrangement; instruction, education institutor, institutoris M founder; creator insto, instare, institi, — pursue, threaten; approach, press hard; be close to; stand in/ on instrumentum, tool, tools; equipment, apparatus; instrumenti N instrument; means; document, deed instruo, instruere, construct, build; prepare, draw up; instruxi, instructus fit out; instruct, teach insuavis, insuave, harsh, disagreeable, unpleasing; insuavior, sour, not sweet; unpleasant in taste/ insuavissimus smell insulsus, -a, -um; boring, stupid insulsior insum, inesse, infui, be in/ on/ there; belong to; be infuturus involved in insumo, insumere, spend, expend/ employ (money/ insumpsi, insumptus time/ effort), devote; consume, take in/ up; assume; insuper ADV and PREP above; above, on top, in addition to, over insuperabilis, -is, -e insurmountable insupportabilis, -is, -ile unbearable insurgo, insurgere, rise up; rise up against insurrexi, insurrectus insusurro, insusurrare, insinuate; suggest; whisper insusurravi, insusurratus insyncerus, -a, -um not pure, adulterated, spoiled; insyncerae (insincerus) insincere intactus, intacta, untouched, untried; virgin intactum integer, integra, -um; untouched, entire, whole, complete; integrior, integerrimus uninjured, sound, fresh, vigorous integre, integrius, honestly, irreproachably; free from integerrime ADV moral shortcomings; faultlessly; wholly integritas, integritatis F soundness; chastity; integrity intellectus, -us M comprehension/ understanding; recognition/ discerning; intellect; meaning/ sense intellego, intellegere, understand; realize intellexi, intellectus intelligentia, -ae F intelligence intelligibilis, -is, -e intelligible intelligo, intelligere, —, understand; realize — (also intellego) intemperans, headstrong, lacking self-control; intemperantis; licentious, lewd; extreme, bad- intemperantior, tempered intemperantissimus intemperanter intemperately, immoderately intemperatus, intemperate, immoderate; intemperata, inclement; unmixed intemperatum intemperia, -ae F folly, intemperateness intendo, intendere, hold out; stretch, strain, exert intendi, intentus inter PREP w/ ACC between, among; during intercedo, intercedere, intervene; intercede, interrupt; intercessi, intercessus hinder; veto; exist/ come between intercessor, mediator intercessoris M intercipio, intercipere, cut off; intercept, interrupt; steal intercepi, interceptus interdum ADV sometimes, now and then interea ADV meanwhile interemo, interemere, do away with; kill, cut off from life; interemi, interemptus extinguish; put an end to, destroy intereo, interire, perish, die; be ruined; cease interivi(ii), interitus interficio, interficere, kill; destroy interfeci, interfectus interim ADV meanwhile, in the meantime; at the same time; however, nevertheless interimo, interimere, do away with; kill, cut off from life; interimi, interemptus extinguish; put an end to, destroy interior, interior, inner, interior, middle; more interius remote; more intermorior, intermori, perish, die; pass out; die off/ out intermortuus sum interne* ADV (ADJ internally internus) interpellatio, interruption in speaking interpellationis F interpellator interpellator, one who interrupts interpello, interpellare, interrupt, break in on; interpose an interpellavi, objection; disturb, hinder, obstruct interpellatus interpono, interponere, insert, introduce; admit; allege; interposui, interpositus interpose interpres, interpretis interpreter, translator interpretor, interpretari, explain/ expound; interpret/ interpretatus sum prophesy from; understand/ comprehend interrogo, interrogare, ask, question, interrogate, examine; interrogavi, indict; go to law with, sue interrogatus interrumpo, drive a gap in, break up; cut short, interrumpere, interrupi, interrupt interruptus interrupte ADV interruptedly, sporadically intersese = inter + sese among themselves 1x interspergere = inter + to intersperse spergere interspersus, -a, -um interspersed, strewn, sprinkled interstitium, interstitii interval, a space between, gap; N partition intersum, interesse, be/ lie between, be in the midst; be interfui, interfuturus present; take part in; be different intertextus, -a, -um interwoven intertrimentum, loss, damage intertrimenti N interturb0*, -are, -avi, to cause a disturbance atus intervallum, intervalli N interval, space, distance; respite intervenio, intervenire, come between, intervene; occur, interveni, interventus crop up interventus, interventus an appearance, a coming between, M intervention, mediation, assistance intestinus, intestina, internal; domestic, civil intestinum intimus, intima, inmost; most secret; most intimate intimum intolerabilis, unable to endure, impatient; intolerabilis, insufferable intolerabile intolerandus, insupportable, insufferable; intoleranda, unbearable, intolerable; physically intolerandum unendurable intra, interius, intime within, inside, on the inside; during; ADV under; fewer than intra PREP w/ ACC within, inside; during; under; intractabilis, unmanageable, intractable intractabilis, intractabile intrepidus, intrepida, undaunted, fearless, untroubled intrepidum intricatus, -a, -um; complex, intricate intricatior intricatior, intricatissimus intro, intrare, intravi, enter; go into, penetrate; reach intratus introduco, introducere, introduce, bring/ lead in introduxi, introductus introeo, introire, enter, go in or into; invade introivi(ii), introitus intueor, intueri, intuitus look at; consider, regard; admire; sum stare intumesco, swell up, become swollen; rise intumescere, intumui, — intus ADV within, on the inside, inside; at home inultus, inulta, inultum unpunished, scot-free; acting with impunity; having no recompense, unavenged inumbro, inumbrare, cast a shadow inumbravi, inumbratus inungo, inungere, anoint (with); cover (food w/ inunxi, inunctus dressing); rub in (medicaments) inutilis, inutilis, inutile useless, unprofitable, inexpedient, disadvantageous; harmful, helpless invado, invadere, invasi, enter, attempt; invade; take invasus possession of; attack invalesco, invalescere, strengthen, grow strong; increase in invaluit invalui, — power/ effectiveness/ intensity/ frequency inveho, invehere, invexi, carry/ bring in, import; ride, drive, invectus sail, attack invenio, invenire, come upon; discover, find; invent, inveni, inventus contrive; reach, manage to get inventor, inventoris M inventor; author; discoverer invetero, inveterare, make old, give age to; grow old; inveteravi, inveteratus become rooted invicem in turn; by turns; reciprocally/ mutually invictus, invicta, unconquered; unconquerable, invictum invincible invideo, invidere, invidi, regard with envy/ ill will; be jealous invisus of; begrudge, refuse invidia, invidiae F hate/ hatred/ dislike; envy/ jealousy/ spite/ ill will; use of words/ acts to arouse invidus, invida, invidum hateful, ill disposed, hostile, malevolent; envious, jealous, grudging invigilo, invigilare, stay awake; watch diligently invigilavi, invigilatus invisibil, invisibilis invisible; spiritual inviso, invisere, invisi, go to see, visit; watch over also invideo pp invisus invisus, -a, -um hated, detested, hateful, hostile invito, invitare, invitavi, invite, summon; challenge, incite; invitatus encourage; attract, allure, entice invitus, invita, invitum reluctant; unwilling; against one's will invoco, invocare, all upon, invoke; pray for invocavi, invocatus involucrum, involucri N wrap, cover; envelope involvo, involvere, wrap (in), cover, envelop; roll along involvi, involutus invulgo, invulgare, make known; publish abroad; invulgavi, invulgatus Ioannes, Ioannis M John Iob Job iocus, ioci M Joke, jest, sport Iordanis Jordan ipsissimus, ipsissima, own very self ipsissimum ipsummet (ipsum + his very own self met) ira, irae F anger; ire, wrath; resentment; indignation; rage/ fury/ violence iracundia, iracundiae F irascibility, hot temper; passion; resentment; anger; wrath iracundus, iracunda, angry; hot-tempered; enraged; iracundum furious irascor, irasci, iratus get/ be/ become angry; fly into a sum rage; be angry at; feel resentment irate, iratius, iratissime angrily; indignantly; furiously irradio, irradiare, beam forth irradiavi, irradiatus irrationabilis, irrational, unreasoning irrationabilis, irrationabile irrecuperabiliter ADV irrecoverably, unalterably irrefragabile unavoidable; irresistible; indisputable irremediabilis, -ilis, ile fatal; irredeemable; beyond cure; for which there is no remedy irremissibilis, unpardonable, irremissible; irremissibilis, unremitting; of which there is no irremissibile remission/ pardon irreparabilis, reparable, irrecoverable; irreparabilis, irretrievable irreparabileir irreprehensibilis, -is, -e irreprehensible, not blameworthy; irreproachable irrequietus, -a, -um unquiet; restless; disquieting irretio, irretire, irretivi, entangle; catch in a net irretitus irrideo, irridere, irrisi, ridicule, mock, make fun of; laugh irrisorius irrisus at irrigatio, -onis F watering, irrigation irrisio, irrisionis F derision; mockery irrisorius ADJ tending to ridicule irritabilis, irritabilis, easily provoked, sensitive irritabile irritamentum, incentive, stimulus irritamenti N irrito, irritare, irritavi, excite; exasperate, provoke, irritatus aggravate, annoy, irritate irritus, irrita, irritum ineffective, useless; invalid, void, of no effect; in vain irrogo, irrogare, impose/ inflict; demand/ propose/ irrogavi, irrogatus call for irrumpo, irrumpere, invade; break/ burst/ force/ rush irrupi, irruptus in/ upon/ into, penetrate; intrude on; interrupt irruptio, irruptionis F attack, sally, assault; violent/ forcible entry is, ea, id that, he/ she/ it, they/ them Israel, Israelis M Israel/ Jacob; Israelites, decedents of Israel; people of God iste, ista, istud that, that of yours, that which you refer to; such istic, istaec, istoc that of yours/ mentioned by you/ at hand istuc thither, to you, to where you are; in that direction; to that subject/ point ita ADV thus, so, therefore itaque ADV and CONJ and so, accordingly; thus, therefore, consequently item likewise; besides, also, similarly iter, itineris journey; road; passage, path; march iteratio, iterationis F repetitio itero, iterare, iteravi, a second time; repeat; renew, revise iteratus iterum again; a second time; for the second time itidem in the same manner/ way, just so; likewise, similarly, also itus, itus, M going, gait; departure 1x p. 343 iuba, iubae F mane of a horse 1x iubeo, iubere, iussi, order/ tell/ command/ direct; iussus decree/ enact; request/ ask/ pray iucundus, -a, -um; pleasant/ agreeable/ delightful/ iucundius iucundior, pleasing; congenial iucundissimus Iudaeus, Iudaea, of/ relating to the Iews, Iewish; of/ Iudaeum originating/ stationed in Iudea Iuda Kingdom of Judah, Old Testament, Iudas Judas iudex, iudicis M judge; juror iudicium, iudici(i) N trial, legal action/ process; court/ tribunal; courts; administration of justice iudico, iudicare, to judge, give judgment; sentence; iudicavi, iudicatus decide; declare iugiter ADV continually, unendingly; in unbroken succession; continuously iugulo, iugulare, kill by slitting the throat; butcher, iugulavi, iugulatus kill, murder, slay; cut the throat iugum, iugi N yoke; team, pair; ridge, summit, chain iungo, iungere, iunxi, ioin, unite; bring together, clasp; iunctus connect, yoke, harness iuramentum, iuramenti oath N iurgium, iurgi(i) N quarrel/ dispute/ strife; abuse/ vituperation/ invective iurisdictio, jurisdiction iurisdictionis F (iurisditio) iuro, iurare, iuravi, wear; call to witness; vow obedience iuratus to; conspire ius, iuris N law; legal system; code; right; duty; justice; court; binding decision; oath iusiurandum, iusiurandi oath N iussio, iussionis F order, command; magistrate's order; requisition iussus, iussus M order, command, decree, ordinance iustificatio, justification; due formality; doing iustificationis F right; cleansing of iniustice iustifico, iustificare, act justly towards, do justice to; iustificavi, iustificatus justify/ make just; forgive/ pardon; vindicate iustitia, iustitiae F justice; equality; righteousness iustus, -a, -um; iustior, just, fair, equitable; right, lawful, iustissimus iustified; regular, proper iuvenis, iuvenis C youth, young man/ woman iuventus, iuventutis F youth; the age of youth, young persons; young men, knights iuvo, iuvare, iuvi, iutus help, assist, aid, support, serve, further; please, delight, gratify iuxta ADV and PREP nearly; near, close to, near by, by the side of; just as, equally; near, next to labecula, labeculae F stain, blemish; slight stain; minor disgrace labefacto, labefactare, shake; cause to waver; make labefactavi, labefactatus unsteady, loosen; undermine labes, labis F fault, defect; landslide; blot labilis, -is, labile; slipping, gliding, prone to slip labilior, labilissimus labium, labi(i) N lip; flange labo, labare, labavi, totter, be ready to fall; begin to sink; labentium gen. labatus give way; waver, decline, sink; err pl. labor, labi, lapsus sum slip, slip and fall; slide, glide, drop; perish, go wrong labor, laboris M labor/ toil/ exertion/ effort/ work; task/ undertaking; production; childbirth laboriosus, -a, -um; laborious, painstaking laboriosior, laboriosissimus laboro, laborare, work, labor; produce, take pains; be laboravi, laboratus troubled/ sick/ oppressed, be in distress labyrinthus, labyrinthi labyrinth, maze M lacesso, lacessere, provoke, excite, challenge, harass; lacessivi, lacessitus attack, assail laciniosus, laciniosa, fringed, having jagged edges; well- laciniosum clothed, wrapped up laconismum* N a terse word or phrase lacryma, lacrymae F tear; exuded gum/ sap; bit of lead; quicksilver from ore; weeping; dirge lacrymabilis, -is, -e- lamentable, tear-inducing lacto, -are, -avi, lactatus entice, lead on, induce; wheedle, cajole, dupe lac, lactis N (also lacte) milk; milky juice of plants; spawn lacus, lacus M basin/ tank/ tub; lake/ pond; reservoir/ cistern/ basin, trough; lime-hole; bin; pit laedo, laedere, laesi, strike; hurt, injure, wound; offend, laesus annoy laesio, laesionis F injury, harm, hurt; part of speech to injure opponent's case, attack laetifico, laetificare, delight, cheer, gladden, rejoice; laetificavi, laetificatus fertilize, enrich, make fruitful laetitia, laetitiae F joy/ happiness; source of joy/ delight; fertility; fruitfulness; laeto, laetare, laetavi, gladden, cheer; be glad/ joyful, laetatus rejoice laetus, -a, -um; laetior, happy/ cheerful/ joyful/ glad; laetissimus favorable/ propitious; prosperous/ successful lambo, lambere, lambui, lick; lap/ lick/ suck up, absorb; lambitus wash/ bathe; surround; fondle/ caress; fawn lamentabilis, -is, -e doleful; lamentable lamentum, lamenti N wailing, weeping, groans, laments lamina, laminae F plate; veneer; thin sheet of metal/ other material; money/ cash lampas, lampados/ is F lamp/ lantern; light/ torch/ flame/ flambeau/ link; firebrand; meteor languidus, -a, -um; faint, weak; dull, sluggish, languid; languidior, spiritless, listless, inactive; languidissimus powerless languor, languoris M faintness, feebleness; languor apathy laniena, lanienae F butcher's shop lanificium, -ii N wool mill lanio, lanionis M butcher (lanius) lanio, laniare, laniavi, tear, mangle, mutilate, pull to pieces laniatus lanista, lanistae M manager of a troop of gladiators, trainer lanius, lanii M (lanio) butcher lapido, lapidare, throw stones at; stone lapidavi, lapidatus lapis, lapidis M stone; milestone; jewel lappa, lappae F bur; plants bearing burs lapsus, lapsus M gliding, sliding; slipping and falling laqueus, laquei M noose; snare, trap largio, largire, largivi, give bountifully; lavish largitus largitio, largitionis F generosity, lavish giving, largess; bribery; distribution of dole/ land largitor, largitoris M liberal giver; briber largus, larga, largum; lavish; plentiful; bountiful largior, largissimus larva, larvae evil spirit/ demon/ devil; horrific mask; model skeleton; ghost/ specter/ hobgoblin lascivia, lasciviae F playfulness; wantonness, lasciviousness lascivio, lascivire, frisk; sport; run riot lascivi, lascivitus lascivus, lasciva, playful; lustful, wanton; impudent, lascivum mischievous; free from restraint lassesco, lassescare, become tired, grow weary lassescavi, lassescatus lassitudo, lassitudinis F weariness, exhaustion, faintness; lassitude lassus, lassa, lassum tired, weary; languid lateo, latere, latui, — lie hidden, lurk; live a retired life, escape notice Latinus, Latina, Latin; of Latium; of/ in Latin; Latinum Roman/ Italian latito, latitare, latitavi, keep hiding oneself, remain in latitatus hiding, be hidden; lie low; lurk latrinum, latrini N latrine, privy; bathroom latro, latronis M robber, brigand, bandit; plunderer latus, -a, -um; latior, wide, broad; spacious, extensive latissimus laudabilis, laudabilis, praiseworthy, laudable laudabile laudo, laudare, laudavi, recommend; praise, approve, extol; laudatus call upon, name; deliver eulogy on laus, laudis F praise, approval, merit; glory; renown lautitia, lautitiae F elegance, splendor, sumptuousness, luxury lavacrum, lavacri N bath; baptism lavo, lavare, lavi, lotus wash, bathe; soak lebes, lebetis M copper cauldron, kettle; basin lectio, lectionis F reading; perusal; choosing; lecture; narrative lector, lectoris M reader legatio, legationis F embassy; member of an embassy; mission legislator, legislatoris M legislator; law-giver; proposer of a law legitimus, legitima, lawful, right; legitimate; real, legitimum genuine; just; proper lego, legere, legi, lectus read; gather, collect; furl, weigh; pick out lemma, lemmatis N theme, title; epigram lena, lenae F (leno M) procuress; brothel-keeper lenio, lenire, lenivi, mitigate, moderate; alleviate, allay, lenitus assuage, ease, calm, placate, appease lenis, lene; lenior, gentle, kind, light; smooth, mild, lenissimus easy, calm lenitas, lenitatis F smoothness; gentleness, mildness; lenience leno, lenonis M (lena F) brothel keeper; bawd; procurer, pimp; panderer lenocinium, lenocini(i) pandering; allurement, enticement; N flattery lentus, -a, -um; lentior, clinging, tough; slow, sluggish, lazy, lentissimus procrastinating; easy, pliant leo, leonis M lion lepidus, -a, -um; agreeable, charming, delightful, lepidior, lepidissimus nice; amusing, witty lepra, leprae F leprosy; various inflammatory skin diseases; psoriasis lepus, leporis M hare Lerna lake in Argolis; cf. Lernaean hydra letalis, letalis, letale deadly, fatal; lethal, mortal leviter lightly, gently, mildly, slightly; thoughtlessly levo, levare, levavi, lift/ raise/ hold up; support; erect; levatus lift off, remove (load); comfort; undo, free from (worry/ expense); refresh/ restore; relieve; reduce in force/ cost/ prices); alleviate (condition); make smooth, polish leviathan, undeclined N leviathan, huge aquatic monster; serpent; crocodile; enormous thing levis, leve; levior, light, thin, trivial, trifling, slight; levissimus gentle; fickle, capricious; nimble levitas, levitatis F levity; lightness, mildness; fickleness; shallowness leviter, levius, levissime lightly/ gently/ softly/ quietly/ mildly/ slightly; groundlessly/ thoughtlessly lex, legis F law; motion, bill, statute; principle; condition libamen, libaminis N drink-offering; first fruits libatio, libationis F libation, sacrificial offering libellus, libelli M little/ small book; memorial; petition; pamphlet, defamatory publication libenter, libentius, willingly; gladly, with pleasure libentissime ADV liber, libera, -um; free; unimpeded; void of; liberior, liberrimus independent, outspoken/ frank; free from tribute liber, libri M book, volume; inner bark of a tree liberalis, liberalis, honorable; courteous, well bred, liberale, liberalior, gentlemanly; liberal; generous liberalissimus liberalitas, liberalitatis F courtesy, kindness, nobleness; generosity; frankness; gift liberatio, onis F a freeing or becoming free, a releasing, liberation libere ADV (also VERB freely; frankly; shamelessly libet, libere) libero, liberare, liberavi, free; acquit, absolve; manumit; liberatus liberate, release libertas, libertatis F freedom, liberty; frankness of speech, outspokenness libet, libere, libuit, it pleases, is pleasing/agreeable; (w/ libutus est IMPERS qui whatever, whichever, no matter) libidinosus, libidinosa, lustful, wanton; capricious libidinosum libido, libidinis F desire/ longing/ wish/ fancy; lust, wantonness; will/ pleasure; passion/ lusts licens, licentis; licentior, bold, free, forward, presumptuous; licentissimus uncurbed, unrestrained in conduct licentia, licentiae F freedom, liberty; license, disorderliness; outspokenness licet, licere, licuit, licitus it is permitted, one may; it is all est right, lawful, allowed, permitted; IMPERS liceo, licere, licui, — fetch price, with ABL or GEN licitatio, licitationis F bidding, offering of a price licitator/ licitor (from one who offers a price licitor/ liceor DEP; liceo) ligneus, lignea, ligneum wooden, woody, like wood, tough/ stringy lignum, ligni N wood; firewood; trunk/ stump/ tree; timber; beam/ post; wood; stave ligurio, -ire, -ivi, -itus to lick; to long for, desire eagerly, ligurienda 1x lust after lima, limae F file; polishing/ revision limax, limacis M slug, snail limen, liminis N threshold, entrance; lintel; house limes, limitis M path, track; limit; strip of uncultivated ground marking boundary limus, lima, limum oblique, transverse; sidelong, sideways; askew, aslant; askance lineus, linea, lineum made of flax or linen lingua, linguae F tongue; speech, language; dialect liniamentum, liniamenti line; outlines, features N lino, linere, levi, litus smear, plaster; seal; erase/ rub over; befoul; cover/ overlay lippitudo, -inis F bleariness, wateriness, or inflammation of the eyes liquefio, liqueferi, be/ become melted/ dissolved/ liquefactus sum liquefied liquor, liquoris M fluid, liquid lis, litis F lawsuit; quarrel litera, literae F letter; letter, epistle; literature, books, records, account literatus, -a, -um lettered, learned, liberally educated litigo, litigare, litigavi, quarrel; go to law litigantium litigatus lito, litare, litavi, litatus obtain/ give favorable omens from sacrifice; make offering litura, -ae F (FUT ACT correction; erasure; blot, smear; PART of lino, linere) lividus, livida, lividum livid, slate-colored; discolored by bruises; envious, spiteful livor, livoris M bluish discoloration; envy, spite loco, locare, locavi, place, put, station; arrange; locatus contract; farm out on contract locuples, locupletis; substantial, opulent, wealthy; rich locupletior, in lands; rich, richly provided; locupletissimus trusty locus, loci M seat, rank, position; soldier's post; quarters; category; book passage, topic logice, logices F logic, the study of logic 1x lolium, loli(i) N darnel/ lolium; cockle, tares longaevus, longaeva, aged; of great age, ancient longaevum longanimitas, patience, forbearance, long- longanimitatis F suffering longinquus, -a, -um; remote, distant, far off; lasting, of longinquior, long duration longinquissimus longitudo, longitudinis length F longus, -a, -um; longior, long; tall; tedious, taking long time; longissimus boundless; far; of specific length/ time loquela, loquelae F speech, utterance loquor, loqui, locutus speak, tell; talk; mention; say, utter; sum phrase lotio, lotionis F washing lotium, loti(i) N washing, urine for washing lubet, lubere, lubuit, it pleases/ is pleasing/ agreeable; lubitus est please/ want/ feel like Lucas, Lucae M Luke luceo, lucere, luxi, — shine, emit light; dawn; cause to shine; be clear/ evident lucerna, lucernae F oil lamp; midnight oil lucide ADV brightly, clearly lucidus, lucida, lucidum bright, shining; clear lucrifacio, lucrifacere, — gain, receive as profit , — lucta, -ae F wrestling, wrestling-match luctus, luctus M grief, sorrow, lamentation, mourning; cause of grief luculentus, -a, -um; shining, bright, brilliant, splendid luculentius, luculentissimus ludibrium, ludibri(i) N mockery; laughingstock ludicrus, ludicra, ludicrous; connected with sport/ ludicrum play/ the stage ludificor, ludificari, make fun/ sport of, treat as a ludificatus sum plaything; trifle with ludo, ludere, lusi, lusus play, mock, tease, trick ludus, ludi M game, play, sport, pastime, entertainment, fun; school, elementary school lues, luis F plague, pestilence; scourge, affliction lugeo, lugere, luxi, mourn, grieve; bewail, lament; be in luctus mourning lugubris, lugubris, mourning; mournful; grievous lugubre lumen, luminis N light; lamp, torch; eye; life; day, daylight luna, lunae F moon; month luo, luere, lui, lutus pay; pay fine, compensate/ atone lupa, lupae F she-wolf; prostitute lupus, lupi M wolf; grappling iron lurco, lurconis M glutton; gourmand lusciosus, -a, -um purblind, dim-sighted lusio, lusionis F play; act of playing luteus, lutea, luteum yellow; saffron; of mud or clay; good for nothing lutum, luti N mud, dirt, clay; yellow dye lux, lucis F light, daylight, light of day; life; world; day luxuries, luxuriei F luxury, extravagance, thriving condition luxurio, luxuriare, row luxuriantly/ rank; luxuriate; luxuriavi, luxuriatus* frisk/ gambol; revel/ run riot; indulge oneself luxus, luxus M luxury, soft living; sumptuousness lydius Lydian, pertaining to the ancient Kingdom of Anatolia (Turkey) macero, macerare, make wet/ soft, soak/ steep/ bathe; maceravi, maceratus soften; wear down, exhaust; worry, annoy/ vex; maceratio, -onis F a steeping, soaking, softening; vexing maceria, -ae F (also wall maceries, maceriei F ) machina, machinae F machine; siege engine; scheme macto, mactare, magnify, honor; sacrifice; slaughter, mactavi, mactatus destroy macula, maculae F spot, stain, blemish; dishonor; mesh in a net maeander, maeandri M wavy line; river famous for winding path; roundabout ways/ twists/ turnings magis ADV to greater extent, more nearly; rather, instead; more magister, magistri M teacher, tutor, master, expert, chief; pilot of a ship; rabbi magistratus, magistracy, civil office; office; magistratus M magistrate, functionary magnifice, splendidly, in fine/ lordly manner/ magnificentius, language; superbly; proudly/ magnificentissime boastfully magnus, magna, large/ great/ big/ vast/ huge; much; magnum; maior/ maius, powerful; tall/ broad; extensive/ maximus spacious; great, mighty; distinguished; skilled; bold, proud; full/ utter/; intense; loud; famous; compar.: older magnificus, -a, -um; splendid, excellent/ sumptuous/ magnificentior, magnificent/ stately; noble/ magnificentissimus magnitudo, size, magnitude, bulk; greatness, magnitudinis F importance, intensity maiestas, majestatis F majesty, dignity; majesty of people/ state; sovereignty male, peius, pessime badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, ADV unfortunately; extremely maledico, maledicere, speak ill/ evil of, revile, slander; maledixi, maledictus abuse, curse maledicus, maledica, slanderous; abusive; scurrilous maledicum maleficio, maleficere, — practice sorcery/ black magic , — maleolens, maleolentis bad-smelling malignus, maligna, spiteful; niggardly; narrow malignum malitia, malitiae F ill will, malice; wickedness; vice, fault malitiosus, malitiosa, wicked; crafty, roguish, knavish malitiosum malleolus, malleoli M fire-dart; brush for burning malo, malle, malui, — prefer; incline toward, wish rather mallent IMPERF SUBJ malus, -a, -um; peior, bad, evil, wicked; ugly; unlucky (pessimus) mammonas, riches, wealth mammonae M mancipium, mancipi(i) possession; formal purchase; slaves N mando, mandare, entrust, commit to one's charge, mandavi, mandatus deliver over; commission; order, command manduco, manducare, chew, masticate, gnaw; eat, devour manducavi, manducatus maneo, manere, mansi, remain, stay, abide; wait for; mansus continue, endure, last; spend the night mango, mangonis M dealer manica, manicae F sleeves, long sleeves; gloves, gauntlets; armlets; handcuffs, manacles Manichaeus, -a, -um pertaining to the dualistic philosophy of Mani (216–274), and its adherents manifestus, -a, -um; detected, plainly guilty; flagrant, manifestior, plain; caught in act; undoubted manifestissimus mano, manare, manavi, flow, pour; be shed; be wet; spring manatus mansio, mansionis F lodging, stop; day's journey, stage; staying away; abode/ quarters/ home/ dwelling mansuesco, tame; become/ grow tame; render/ mansuescere, mansuevi, become mild/ gentle/ less harsh/ mansuetus severe mansuetudo, tameness, gentleness, mildness; mansuetudinis F clemency mansuetus, -a, -um; tame; mild, gentle; less harsh/ mansuetior, severe mansuetissimus manufactus, manufacta, hand-made; made by hand; made manufactum with hands manus, manus F hand, fist; team; gang, band of soldiers; handwriting; trunk Maranatha Aramaic phrase: Come, our Lord Marath Marah: Old Testament location, with bitter waters Marcion Marcion of Sinope (now northern Turkey) (c. 85-c. 160 ) theologian denounced by the Christian church as a heretic mare, maris N sea; sea water Maria Mother of Christ, New Testament maritus, marita, nuptial; of marriage; married, maritum wedded, united Marius, Maria, Marium Roman gens Mars, Martis M Mars, Roman god of war; warlike spirit, fighting, battle, army, force of arms massa, massae F a lump, a mass, heavy weight mater, matris F mother, foster mother; lady, matron; origin, source, motherland, mother city materia, materiae F wood, lumber, timber; woody branch/ growth/ part of tree maternus, materna, maternal, motherly, of a mother maternum matrona, matronae F wife; matron Matthaeus Matthew, biblical maturus, -a, -um; early, speedy; ripe; mature, mellow; maturior, maturissimus timely, seasonable mavis prefer maxime ADV especially, chiefly; certainly; most, very much maximus, -a, -um greatest/ biggest/ largest; longest; (superlat. of magnus) oldest; highest, utmost; leading, chief mechanicus, mechanica, mechanical; of/ concerned with mechanicum machines/ engineering medela, medelae F cure, remedial treatment; healing, healing power; health mediastinus, mediastini a common servant, a drudge 1x M mediator, mediatoris M mediator; intermediary, go between; middle man medico, medicare, heal, cure; medicate; dye medicavi, medicatus mediocris, mediocris, medium/ average/ intermediate; mediocre middling/ fair/ ordinary/ moderate/ tolerable; trivial mediocritas, moderateness; avoidance of mediocritatis F extremes; intermediate way mediocriter, to a moderate extent, ordinarily/ mediocrius, moderately/ tolerably; not very mediocrissime meditatio, meditationis contemplation, meditation; F practicing medito, meditare, consider/ contemplate/ ponder; meditavi, meditatus meditate, think about; reflect on; devise/ plan medius, media, medium middle, middle of, mid; common, neutral, ordinary, moderate; ambiguous medulla, medullae F marrow, kernel; innermost part; quintessence medullitus ADV inwardly, from depths of heart/ mind; from the marrow mel, mellis N honey; sweetness; pleasant thing; darling/ honey Melchisedec Melchizedec, biblical king membrum, membri N member, limb, organ; male genital 51x +2 Index member; apartment, room; section memini, meminisse, — remember; keep in mind, pay heed to; be sure; recall memor, memoris remembering; mindful (of w/GEN), grateful; unforgetting, commemorative memorabilis, memorable; remarkable memorabilis, memorabile memoria, memoriae F memory, recollection; history; time within memory memoro, memorare, remember; be mindful of; mention/ memoravi, memoratus recount/ relate, remind/ speak of memphiticus, -a, -um from Memphis, Egypt mendacium, mendaci(i) lie, lying, falsehood, untruth; N counterfeit, fraud mendax, mendacis lying, false; deceitful; counterfeit mendicitas, beggary mendicitatis F mendicor, mendicari, beg for; be a beggar, go begging mendicatus sum mens, mentis F mind; reason, intellect, judgment; plan, intention, frame of mind; courage mensa, -ae table, course, meal mensura, -ae F measure; length, area mentha, menthae F mint; any cultivated mint mentio, mentionis F mention, making mention; calling to mind; naming mentior, mentiri, lie, deceive, invent; imitate; feign; mentitus sum pretend; speak falsely about mercator, mercatoris M trader, merchant mercenarius, hired for wages; paid, hired mercenaria, mercenarium merces, mercedis F pay, recompense, hire, salary, reward; rent, price; bribe mercimonium, goods, merchandise mercimonii N mercor, mercari, trade; buy mercatus sum mereor, mereri, meritus earn; deserve/ merit/ have right; sum win/ gain/ incur; earn soldier/ whore pay meretricari meretricius, meretricia, of/ belonging to/ typical of a meretricium courtesan/ prostitute/ harlot meretrix, meretricis F courtesan, kept woman; public prostitute; harlot meridies, meridiei M noon; midday; south merito ADV deservedly, rightly, justly meritum, i N merit, service, value, due reward merus, mera, merum unmixed, pure, only; bare, mere, sheer merx, mercis F commodity; merchandise, goods messias, -ae M messiah (Hebrew, the anointed) meta, -ae F goal; end, boundary; conical column, turning point at circus, metamorphosis, metamorphosis, transformation; a metamorphosis F poem by Ovid metator, metatoris M a measurer, one who fixes boundaries meticulosus, -a, -um fearful, timid; frightful metior, metiri, mensus measure, estimate; distribute, mete; sum traverse, sail/ walk through meto, metere, messui, reap; mow, cut off messus metuo, metuere, metui, fear; be afraid; stand in fear of; be — apprehensive, dread metus, metus M fear, anxiety; dread, awe; object of awe/ dread miles, militis M soldier; foot soldier; soldiery; knight; knight's fee/ service militaris, militaris, military; of/ used by the army/ war/ militare soldiers; martial; soldierly; warlike militia, militiae F military service/ organization; campaign; war; soldiers, army milito, militare, serve as soldier, perform military militavi, militatus service, serve in the army; wage/ make war mille, millis N thousand; thousands; miles millies 1000 times, on 1000 occasions mimus, mimi M mime; farce; actor in mimes mina, minae F Greek weight unit; its weight of silver minax, minacis threatening; boding ill minimus, -a, -um (super smallest, least of parvus) minister, ministri M attendant, servant, waiter; agent, aide; accomplice ministerium, office, attendance, service, ministeri(i) N employment, body of helpers; occupation, work mino, minare, minavi, drive; impel, push, force; threaten* minatus minor, -ari, minatus threaten, speak/ act menacingly sum minor, minoris M (and those inferior in rank/grade/age, minor comp. of parvus) subordinate; descendants (pl.) minus ADV (comp. of less; not so well; not quite parum, and of ADJ parvus) minutia, minutiae F smallness, fineness; minuteness; pettiness miraculum, i N wonder, marvel; miracle, amazing (miraculo can act/ event/ object/ sight; also be ADV) amazement; freak miraculus, miracula, freakish, deformed miraculum mirabilis, -is, -e; wonderful, marvelous, astonishing, miralior, mirabilissimus extraordinary; remarkable; admirable; strange; singular; glorious, miraculous mire ADV uncommonly, marvelously; in an amazing manner mirificus, mirifica, wonderful; amazing mirificum miro, mirare, miravi, be amazed/ surprised/ bewildered; miratus look in wonder/ awe/ admiration at mirus, mira, mirum wonderful, strange, remarkable, amazing, surprising, extraordinary misceo, miscere, miscui, mix, mingle; embroil; confound; stir mixtus up miser, misera, -um; poor, miserable, wretched, miserior, miserrimus unfortunate, unhappy, distressing miserabilis, -is, -e wretched, miserable, pitiable miserabiliter ADV miserably miserandus, -a, -um pitiable, unfortunate misereo, miserere, pity, feel pity; show/ have mercy/ miserui, miseritus (and compassion/ pity for DEP misereor) misero, miserare, pity, feel sorry for; view with miseravi, miseratus compassion (and DEP miseror) miseria, miseriae F misery, distress, woe, wretchedness, suffering misericordia, pity, sympathy; compassion, mercy; misericordiae F pathos misericors, misericordis merciful, tenderhearted missa, -ae F mass (ecclesiastical) mistura, -ae F mixture, mixing; copulation mitis, mite; mitior, mild, meek, gentle, placid, soothing; mitissimus clement; ripe, sweet and juicy mitra, mitrae F mitre, miter; oriental headband/ coif/ turban/ head-dresss mitto, mittere, misi, send, throw, hurl, cast; let out, missus release, dismiss; disregard Moab Moab, Old Testament place name, ancient kingdom (now Jordan) moderor, moderari, guide; control; regulate; govern; moderatus sum check, modestia, modestiae F restraint, temperateness; discipline; modesty modestus, -a, -um; restrained, mild; modest; reserved; modestior, disciplined modestissimus modicus, modica, moderate; temperate, restrained; modicum small modulus, moduli M little measure modus, modi M manner, mode, way, method; rule, rhythm, beat, measure, size; bound, limit moechor, moechari, commit adultery moechatus sum moechus, moechi M adulterer moeror, moeroris M grief, sorrow, sadness; mourning; lamentation moestus, moesta, -um; sad/ unhappy; mournful/ gloomy; moestior, moestissimus mourning; stern/ grim; ill-omened/ inauspicious moles, molis F large mass; rock/ boulder; heap/ pile, bulk; monster; mole/ jetty/ dam/ dike molestia, molestiae F trouble, annoyance molestus, molesta, -um; annoying; troublesome; tiresome molestior, molestissimus molior, moliri, molitus struggle, labor, labor at; construct, sum build; undertake, set in motion, plan mollicie, (mollities), softness, tenderness; weakness, molliciei F effeminacy mollis, -is, -e; mollior, soft; flexible/ supple/ loose/ pliant; mollissimus mild/ tolerable; easy; calm molliter molliter, mollius, calmly/ quietly/ gently/ smoothly/ mollissime easily; w/ out pain/ anger/ harshness; weakly momentum, momenti N moment, importance, influence; motion, movement; impulse, effort monachus, monachi M monk moneo, monere, monui, remind, advise, warn; teach; monitus admonish; foretell, presage monimentum, monument monimenti N monitio, monitionis F admonition, warning; advice monitor, monitoris M counselor, preceptor; prompter monitus, -us M warning, command; advice, counsel mons, montis M mountain; huge rock; towering heap monstrum, monstri N monster; portent, unnatural thing/ event regarded as omen/ sign/ portent mora, -ae F delay, hindrance, obstacle; pause morbus, morbi M sickness, illness, weakness; disease; distemper; distress; vice mordax, mordacis biting, snappish; tart; cutting, sharp; caustic moribundus, dying moribunda, moribundum morigerus, morigera, compliant, indulgent; obliging morigerum morio, morionis M fool, idiot kept as a laughing-stock; jester morior, mori, mortuus die, expire, pass/ die/ wither away/ sum out; fail, come to an end; decay morosus, morosa, hard to please, persnickety morosum mors, mortis F death; corpse; annihilation mortalis, mortalis, mortal, transient; human, of human mortale origin mortifer, mortifera, deadly, fatal, death bringing; mortiferum destructive mortificatio, killing; death mortificationis F mortuus, -a, -um dead, deceased; limp mos, moris M custom, habit; mood, manner, more 22x : in the fashion; character, behavior, morals habit of Moses, Mosis M Moses motus, motus M movement, motion; riot, commotion, disturbance; gesture; emotion moveo, movere, movi, move, stir, agitate, affect, provoke, See ad-moveo, motus disturb di-, con-, pro-] mox ADV soon, next mucidus, mucida, sniveling; moldy, musty mucidum mugio, mugire, mugivi, low, bellow; make a loud deep noise mugitus mugitus, mugitus M lowing, bellowing; roaring, rumble mulcta, -ae F fine; penalty; penalty involving property (livestock, later money) mulgeo, mulgere, mulsi, milk; extract mulctus muliebris, muliebris, feminine, womanly, female; muliebre woman's; womanish, effeminate muliebriter ADV in a womanly way mulier, mulieris F woman; wife; mistress muliercula, mulierculae little/ weak/ foolish woman; little F hussy multifarius, multifaria, many-fold multifarium multiformis, having many shapes multiformis, multiforme multiiugis, multiiugis, yoked many together; manifold, of multiiuge many sorts multiplicatio, multiplication; act of increasing in multiplicationis F number/ quantity; multiple multitudo, multitudinis multitude, great number; crowd; F rabble, mob multo ADV a great deal, very, by far multus, multa, -um; —, much, many, great, many a; large, plurimus intense, assiduous; tedious mundanus, mundana, worldly; of/ belonging to the world/ mundanum universe; mundane; of this world mundicies, mundiciei F cleanness, elegance of appearance, (mundities) manners or taste; mundo, mundare, clean, cleanse, make clean/ tidy mundavi, mundatus mundus, -a, -um; clean, cleanly, nice, neat, elegant, mundior, mundissimus delicate; refined, pure mundus, mundi M universe, heavens; world, mankind; toilet/dress (woman), ornament munificens, bountiful, generous, liberal, munificentis; munificent munificentior, munificentissimus munificentia, bountifulness, munificence munificentiae F munio, munire, munivi, fortify; strengthen; protect, defend, munitus safeguard; build munitio, munitionis F fortifying; fortification munus, muneris N service; duty, office, function; gift; tribute, offering; bribes murmuratio, grumbling, discontented muttering; murmurationis F uttering of low continuous cries murus, muri M wall, city wall musicus, musica, of/ belonging to poetry or music, musicum musical musso, mussare, mutter/ whisper; hum; keep quiet; mussavi, mussatus hem/ haw; hesitate mutabilis, mutabilis, changeable; inconstant mutabile mutatio, mutationis F change, alteration; interchange, exchange mutatus muto, mutare, mutavi, move, change, shift, alter, exchange, mutatus substitute; modify mutuus, mutua, borrowed, lent; mutual, in return mutuum mysterium, mysteri(i) N mystery, secret service/ rite/ worship (usu. pl.); secret mysterius, mysteria, mysterious; of a mystery/ secret rite mysterium mysticus, mystica, of/ belonging to/ used in sacred mysticum mysteries/ rites; secret, mysterious; mystical naevus, naevi M mole; birthmark nam (and nanque) for, on the other hand; for instance CONJ nanciscor, nancisci, obtain, get; find, meet with, receive, nactus sum stumble on, light on narratio, narrationis F narrative, story narro, narrare, narravi, tell, tell about, relate, narrate, narratus recount, describe nascor, nasci, natus be produced spontaneously, come sum into existence/ being; spring forth, grow; live natio, nationis F nation, people; birth; race, class, set; gentiles; heathens nativitas, nativitatis F birth; nativity natura, -ae F nature naturalis, naturalis, natural, normal, typical, naturale characteristic; innate, inherent; physical naturaliter ADV naturally, normally; inherently, by nature; spontaneously; by human nature naufragium, naufragi(i) shipwreck N naufrago, naufragare, be shipwrecked naufragavi, naufragatus nausea, nauseae F nausea; seasickness nautea [sic] navigo, navigare, sail; navigate navigavi, navigatus navo, -are, -avi, -ataus do with zeal; operam navare: do nauanda one’s best Nazanzenus Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 329-390), theologian ne ADV and CONJ not; (intro clause of purpose with eane subj verb); truly, indeed, verily, assuredly; (particle of assurance); (w/personal PRON); that not, lest nec ADV and CONJ nor, and not, not , neither, not even; and not, not... neither necessario ADV unavoidably, without option; necessarily, of necessity; inevitably/unavoidably necessarius, necessaria, necessary/ needed/ essential/ necessarium indispensable; vital/ private; close tied necesse, ADJ necessary, essential; unavoidable, undeclined compulsory, inevitable; a natural law; true necessitas, necessitatis need/ necessity; inevitability; F difficult straits; poverty; obligation; bond necessitudo, obligation; bond, connection, necessitudinis F affinity; compulsion; needs; poverty; relative necto, nectere, nexui, tie, bind nexus nedum CONJ still less; not to speak of; much more nefandus, -a, -um; impious, wicked; abominable nefandius nefandior, nefandissimus nefarius, nefaria, wicked, evil, offending moral law; nefarium; nefandior, criminal, abominable; horrible/ nefandissimus vile/ foul nefas, undeclined noun sin, violation of divine law, impious N act negatio, negationis F denial, refusal; negation; negative; betrayal neglecte ADV carelessly, negligently neglego, neglegere, disregard, neglect, ignore, regard of neglexi, neglectus no consequence; do nothing about; despise nego, negare, negavi, deny, refuse; say... not negatus negocium (ALT. work, business, activity, job; pain, negotium) trouble, annoyance, distress negotiator, negotiatoris wholesale trader or dealer M negotium, negoti(i) N work, business, activity, job; pain, (negocium) trouble, annoyance, distress nemo, neminis no one, nobody nempe ADV truly, certainly, of course nemus, nemoris N wood, forest nepa, nepae F scorpion; a crab nepos, nepotis grandson/ daughter; descendant; spendthrift, playboy; secondary shoot nequam, undeclined wicked/ licentious/ depraved; bad/ ADJ; nequior, vile; naughty/ roguish; worthless/ nequissimus useless nequaquam by no means neque nor; and not, not, neither nequeo, nequire, be unable, cannot nequivi(ii), nequitus nequicquam ADV in vain nequitia, -ae F wickedness; idleness; worthlessness Nero, Neronis M Nero nervus, nervi M sinew/ muscle/ nerve; hamstring; tendon; stringed instrument nescio, nescire, nescivi, not know; be ignorant/ unfamiliar/ nescitus unaware/ unacquainted / unable/ unwilling Nestorianus, -a, -um referring to Nestor, King of Pylos, a character in Homer’s Odyssey, known for his old age and good (boastful) advice neuter, neutra, neutrum neither neutiquam by no means, not at all neve or not, and not nexus, nexus M the act of binding, tying or fastening together; something which binds; bond, joint; connection; nexus; a personal obligation of a debtor, a legal obligation ni if... not; unless Nicenus, -a, -um Nicene, referring to a church council and its decrees, the first held in 325 CE nictus, nictus M a blink (of eye) nictuque oculi niger, nigra, nigrum black, dark; unlucky nigricies, -ei (nigrities) blackness; black color F nihil, undeclined N nothing; no; trifle/ thing not worth mentioning; nonentity; nonsense; no concern nihilominus never/ none the less, notwithstanding, just the same; likewise, as well nihilum, nihili N nothing; nothingness, which does not exist; something valueless; no respect nil, undeclined N nothing; no; trifle/ thing not worth mentioning; nonentity; nonsense; no concern nimirum without doubt, evidently, forsooth nimius, nimia, nimium excessive, too great nisi CONJ (and pp if not; except, unless nitor) Nissaenus Gregory of Nyssa, theologian, c. 335- c. 395 nitidus, nitida, nitidum shining, bright nitor, niti, nisus (nixus) press/ lean upon; struggle; advance; niteris sum depend on; strive, labor niveus, nivea, niveum snowy, covered with snow; white no, nare, navi, — swim, float nobilis, nobile; nobilior, noble, well born; aristocratic; nobilissimus outstanding; important/ prominent nobilitas, nobilitatis F nobility/ noble class; birth/ descent; fame/ excellence; the nobles; rank noceo, nocere, nocui, harm, hurt; injure nocitus noctu ADV by night noctua, noctuae F little owl nodus, nodi M knot; node nolo, nolle, nolui, — be unwilling; wish not to; refuse to nomen, nominis N name, family name; noun; account, entry in debt ledger; sake; title, heading nomino, nominare, name, call nominavi, nominatus non ADV not, by no means, no nondum ADV not yet nonne ADV not? (expects “yes” answer) nonnihil, undeclined N certain amount nonnullus, nonnulla, some, several, a few; one and nonnullum (gen. -ius) another; considerable nonnunquam sometimes norma, normae F carpenter's square; standard, pattern nosco, noscere, novi, get to know; learn, find out; become nosse (novisse) notus cognizant of/ acquainted/ familiar PERF ACT INF with nosmetipsi our very selves nostras, nostratis of our country, native nota, -ae F (and pp of a means of recognition, mark, sign, noto) stamp, impression notio, notionis F a becoming acquainted, an idea, synon.: cognitio, conception, notion; judicial perceptio, notitia examination or enquiry notitia, notitiae F notice; acquaintance; celebrity, fame noto, notare, notavi, observe; record; brand; write, notatus inscribe notus, -a, -um; notior, well known, familiar, notable, notissimus (pp of famous, esteemed; notorious, of ill nosco) repute novitas, -atis F newness; strangeness/ novelty/ rarity; unfamiliarity; freshness; restored as new; being new appointed/promoted; surprise; modern times novus, nova, -um; new, fresh, young; unusual, novior, novissimus extraordinary, strange; superlat.: last, bottom, extreme; eccl.: renewed nox, noctis F night noxa, noxae F hurt, injury; crime; punishment, harm noxius, noxia, noxium harmful, noxious; guilty, criminal nubes, nubis M cloud/ mist/ haze/ dust/ smoke; sky/ air; billowy formation; swarm/ multitude nudo, nudare, nudavi, lay bare, strip; leave unprotected nudatus nudus, nuda, nudum nude; bare, stripped nullus, -a, -um no; none, not any num ADV implies “no” answer; whether (in indirect question) numen, numinis N divine will, divinity; god numero, numerare, count, add up, reckon/ compute; numeravi, numeratus consider; relate; number/ enumerate, catalog; pay numerus, numeri M number/ sum/ total/ rank; numerical strength/ plurality; category; tally nummus, nummi M coin; cash; money; sesterce nunc ADV now, today, at present nuncius, nuncia, announcing, bringing word; giving nuncium warning; prognosticatory nuncupo, nuncupare, call, name; express nuncupavi, nuncupatus nundina, nundinae F market day; traffic nunquam ADV at no time, never; not in any circumstances nunquid ADV is it possible, surely... not; can it be that nuper, —, nuperrime recently, not long ago; in recent years/ our own time; latest in series nuptialis, nuptialis, of a wedding or marriage, nuptial nuptiale nusquam ADV nowhere; on no occasion nutabundus, tottering; staggering nutabunda, nutabundum nuo, nuere, nui, nutus nod nuto, nutare waver, give way nutrimentum, nourishment, sustenance nutrimenti N nutrio, nutrire, nutrivi, suckle, breast feed; nourish/ feed/ nutritus fuel, supply, build up; preserve, look after nutrix, nutricis F nurse o INTERJ oh ob on account of, for the sake of, for; instead of; right before obambulo, obambulare, walk up to, so as to meet; traverse obambulavi, obambulatus obbrutesco, become brutish/ rough/ obbrutescere, —, — unreasonable obcaeco/ occaeco, to blind; blot out the light of day, occaecare, occaecavi, darken; obscure, bury, conceal; occaecatus seal/ stop up obdormisco, fall asleep; go to sleep obdormiscere, —, — obduco, obducere, lead or draw before; cover/ lay over; obduxi, obductus overspread; wrinkle; screen obduresco, obdurescere, be persistent, endure; obdurui, — obedientia, obedientiae obedience, compliance, submission F to authority obedio, obedire, obey; listen/ harken/ submit; be obedivi, obeditus subject/ obedient/ responsible/ a slave obeo, obire, obivi(ii), go to meet; attend to; fall; die obitus obex, obicis C bolt, bar; barrier; obstacle obfundo = offundo, pour, spread over offundere, offudi, offusus obfusco, -are, -avi, -atus darken, obbscure; vilify obiicio, obiicere, obieci, throw before/ to, cast; object, obiectus oppose; upbraid; throw in one's teeth; obiter ADV on the way, by the way, in passing oblatio, oblationis F offer/ offering, tender, presentation; right to offer something oblatum, -a,-um (pp offered; presented; bestowed offero) oblectamentum, delight, pleasure, source of pleasure oblectamenti N oblecto, oblectare, delight, please, amuse oblectantia oblectavi, oblectatus obligatio, obligationis F obligation; bond; being liable; guaranteeing obliquus, obliqua, slanting; oblique obliquum oblitero, -are, -avi, -atus cause to be forgotten/ fall into disuse/ to disappear; assign to oblivion oblivio, oblivionis F oblivion; forgetfulness obliviosus, obliviosa, oblivious, forgetful; causing obliviosum forgetfulness obliviscor, oblivisci, forget oblitus sum oblocutio, -onis F contradiction; interruption obluctor, obluctari, struggle against obluctatus sum obmutesco, -ere, become silent obmutescui obnitor, obniti, obnixus thrust/ press against; struggle obnixius sum against, offer resistance; make a stand obnoxius, obnoxia, liable; guilty obnoxium obnubilo, obnubilare, obscure, render dark/ obscure; obnubilavi, obnubilatus darken/ cloud/ fog; render unconscious obruo, obruere, obrui, cover up, hide, bury; overwhelm, obrutus ruin; crush obscenitas, obscenitatis indecency, obscenity (language); F indecent behavior/ figures; ill omen obscenus (obscoenus), - repulsive, detestable; foul; indecent, a, -um; obscenior, obscene, lewd obscenissimus obscuro, obscurare, darken, obscure; conceal; make obscuravi, obscuratus indistinct; cause to be forgotten obscurus, -a, -um; dim, dark, obscure; dusky, shadowy, obscurior, only faintly/ dimly seen; dingy; obscurissimus gloomy obsecro, obsecrare, entreat/ beseech/ implore/ pray obsecravi, obsecratus obsequium, obsequi(i) compliance; consideration/ N deference/ solicitude; services obsequor, obsequi, yield to; humor obsecutus sum obsero, obserere, sow, plant; cover obsevi, obsitus observantia, -ae F remark, note, observation; observance, attention, respect, regard, reverence observator, observatoris a watcher, observer M observatio, observation, attention, action of observationis F watching/ taking notice; surveillance; usage observo, observare, watch, observe; heed observavi, observatus obsigno, obsignare, sign, seal obsignavi, obsignatus obsisto, obsistere, oppose, resist; stand in the way; obstiti, obstitus make a stand against, withstand obsitus, -a, -um (pp overgrown, covered with obsero) obsto, obstare, obstiti, oppose, hinder — obstrepo, obstrepere, roar against; make a loud noise obstrepui, obstrepitus obstruor, -ere, obstruxi, obstruct, block, barricade obstrusarum, obstrusus obstrusioribus obstupesco, be stupefied; be struck dumb; be obstupescere, obstupui, astounded — obsum, obesse, offui, hurt; be a nuisance to, tell against offuturus obsurdesco, become deaf; turn a deaf ear obsurdescere, obsurdui, obsurdesco obtego, obtegere, cover over; conceal; protect obtexi, obtectus obtempero, obey; comply with the demands of; obtemperare, be submissive to obtemperavi, obtemperatus obtendo, obtendere, stretch/ spread before/ over; hide, obtendi, obtentus envelop, conceal; plead as an excuse obtenebro, obtenebrare, darken, make dark; obscure, obtenebravi, conceal obtenebratus obtineo, obtinere, get hold of; maintain; obtain; hold obtinui, obtentus fast, occupy; prevail obtingo, obtingere, befall, occur; fall to as one's lot obtigi, — obtrectator, critic, disparager obtrectatoris M obtrecto, obtrectare, detract from; disparage, belittle obtrectavi, obtrectatus obtrudo, -trudere, - to thrust against, push, drive, force trusi, -trusus obtrunco, obtruncare, kill; cut down obtruncavi, obtruncatus obtundo, obtundere, strike, beat, batter; make blunt; obtudi, obtusus deafen obtutus, obtutus M gaze; contemplation obvel0, -are, -avi, -atus to cover over, hide obvenio, obvenire, come to meet, come before; happen, obventurae obveni, obventus befall, arise obvius, obvia, obvium in the way, easy; hostile; exposed obvolvo, obvolvere, wrap/ muffle/ cover up; cover obvolvi, obvolutus completely; wrap/ wind over occaeco, occaecare, blind; blot out the light of day, occaecavi, occaecatus darken; obscure, bury, conceal; seal/ stop up occasio, occasionis F opportunity; chance; pretext, occasion occido, occidere, occidi, kill, murder, slaughter, slay; cut/ occisus knock down; weary, be the death/ ruin of occino, occinere, break in with a song or call; occinui, — interpose a call; sing inauspiciously, croak occipio, occipere, to begin occepi, occeptus (occoepio) occisio, occisionis F murder, killing; slaughter occubo, occubare, lie; lie dead occubui, occubitus occulo, occulere, cover; cover up, hide, cover over, occului, occultus conceal occulto, occultare, hide; conceal occultavi, occultatus occumbo, occumbere, meet with; meet one's death occumbui, occumbitus occupatio, occupationis occupation, employment F occupo, occupare, seize; gain; overtake; capture, occupavi, occupatus occupy; attack occurro, occurrere, run to meet; oppose, resist; come to occurri, occursus mind, occur oceanus, oceani M ocean ocior, -ari, ociatus sum be at leisure, enjoy a holiday (otior) ocium, i N (otium) leisure; spare time; holiday; ease/ rest/ peace/ quiet; tranquility/ calm; lull oculatus, -a, -um; having eyes; catching the eye, oculatior, oculatissimus conspicuous oculus, oculi M eye odi, odisse, osus (PERF hate, dislike; be disinclined/ DEF) reluctant/ adverse to odio, odire, odivi, — hate, dislike; be disinclined/ reluctant/ adverse to odibilis, odibilis, odibile odious, hateful; that deserves to be hated odiosus, -a, -um; distasteful, disagreeable, offensive; odiosior, odiosissimus tiresome, boring, troublesome, annoying odium, odi(i) N hate/ hatred/ dislike/ antipathy; odium, unpopularity; boredom/ impatience odor, odoris M scent, odor, aroma, smell; hint, inkling, suggestion odoratus, -a, -um; smelling, having smell/ odor/ scent; odoratior, fragrant/ perfumed odoratissimus odorifer, odorifera, fragrant, sweet smelling; odoriferum producing/ containing spices/ perfumes odoro, odorare, odoravi, perfume, make fragrant odoratus oeconomicus, relating to domestic economy; oeconomica, orderly, methodical; economic oeconomicum oestrus, oestri M gad-fly offendo, offendere, offend, give offense; displease/ offendi, offensus annoy/ vex; trouble/ upset, hurt offensio, offensionis F displeasure; accident offero, offerre, obtuli, offer; present; cause; bestow oblatus officina, officinae F workshop; office officio, officere, offeci, block the path, check, impede offectus officiosus, -a, -um; dutiful, attentive; officious officiosior, officiosissimus officium, offici(i) N duty, obligation; kindness; service, office offirmo, offirmare, secure; bolt, fasten, bar; be offirmavi, offirmatus determined/ inflexible; persevere offundo, offundere, pour/ spread over offudi, offusus (ALT obfunditur) offusco (obfusco, darken, obscure; vilify obfuscare) oleo, olere, olui, — smell of, smell like oleum, olei N oil olim ADV formerly; once, once upon a time; in the future olor, oloris M swan; constellation Cygnus omentum, omenti N fat; entrails, bowels omitto, omittere, omisi, lay aside; omit; let go; disregard omissus omnimodus, of every sort; of all sorts/ kinds omnimoda, omnimodum omnino entirely, altogether omnipotens, all-powerful, omnipotent omnipotentis omnis, omnis, omne each, every, every one (of a (and noun) number); all (pl.); all/ the whole of onero, onerare, oneravi, load, burden; oppress oneratus onus, oneris N load, burden; cargo onustus, onusta, laden onustum opera, operae F work, care; aid; service, effort/ trouble operaepretium (operae worthwhile, worth the bother pretium) operatio, operationis F operation; working; deed, activity; devotion to task; offering sacrifice operio, operire, operui, cover; bury; overspread; shut/ opertus close; conceal; clothe, cover opero, operare, operavi, work; operate operatus opifex, opificis M workman opinatio, -onis F conjecture, supposition, opinion opinio, opinionis F belief, idea, opinion; rumor opinor, opinari, suppose, imagine opinatus sum opitulor, opitulari, bring aid to; help; bring relief to opitulatus sum oporteo, oportere, require, order oportui, oportuitus opperior, opperiri, wait (for); await opperitus sum oppeto, oppetere, meet, encounter; perish oppetivi, oppetitus oppidulum, oppiduli N small town oppidum, oppidi N town oppleo, opplere, fill; overspread opplevi, oppletus oppono, opponere, oppose; place opposite opposui, oppositus opportunus, -a, -um; suitable; advantageous; useful, fit, favorable/ opportune, ready; liable/ exposed oppressio, oppressionis force; oppression; seizure; catalepsy F oppressor, oppressoris oppressor, tyrant M opprobrium, opprobri(i) reproach, taunt; disgrace, shame, N scandal; source of reproach/ shame oppugno, oppugnare, attack, assault, storm, besiege oppugnavi, oppugnatus ops, opis F power, might; help; influence; opum gen. pl. resources/ wealth optimas, optimatis aristocratic optime (superlat. of well, very, quite, rightly, agreeably, bene; melius) cheaply, in good style; better; excellently optimus, -a, -um good, honest, brave, noble, kind, (superlat. of bonus; pleasant, right, useful; valid; melior) healthy opto, optare, optavi, choose, select; wish, wish for, desire optatus opulentia, opulentiae F riches, wealth; sumptuousness opus, operis N need; work; fortifications, works oratio, orationis F speech, oration; eloquence; prayer orator, oratoris M speaker, orator orbis, orbis M circle; territory/ region; sphere orbitas, orbitatis F bereavement; loss of a child; orphanhood; childlessness ordinatio, -onis F order, arrangement; ordination ordino, ordinare, order/ arrange, set in order; adjust, ordinavi, ordinatus regulate; compose; ordain/ appoint ordior, ordiri, orsus begin sum ordo, ordinis M row, order/ rank; succession; series; class; bank; order oriens, orientis M the East/Orient; sunrise, daybreak Origen Origen Adamantius of Alexandria (c. 184-c. 253), Christian scholar and theologian, origo, originis F origin, source; birth, family; race; ancestry orior, oriri, ortus sum rise; arise/ emerge, crop up; get up; begin; originate from ornamentum, equipment; decoration; jewel; ornamenti N ornament, trappings orno, ornare, ornavi, equip; dress; decorate, honor; ornatus furnish, adorn, garnish, trim oro, orare, oravi, oratus beg, ask for, pray; beseech, plead, entreat; worship, adore (oro, orere, —, — ) burn orphanus, orphani M orphan os, oris N mouth, speech, expression; face; pronunciation oscitans, oscitantis; listless; sluggish; sleepy oscitantior, oscitantissimus oscitanter ADV listelesly, sluggishly oscitantia, -ae F sluggishness osculum, osculi N kiss; mouth; lips; orifice; mouthpiece ossum, ossi N bone; kernel; heartwood; stone ostendo, ostendere, show; reveal; make clear, point out, ostendi, ostentus/ display, exhibit ostensus ostentatio, ostentationis exhibition, display; showing off F ostentator, ostentatoris displayer; boaster M ostento, ostentare, show, display; point out, declare; ostentavi, ostentatus disclose, hold out (prospect) ostentui ADV merely for show, as sign or proof ostium, osti(i) N doorway; front door; starting gate; entrance; mouth otior, otiari, otiatus sum be at leisure, enjoy a holiday otium, oti(i) N leisure; spare time; holiday; ease/ rest/ peace/ quiet; tranquility/ calm; lull ovicula, oviculae F little sheep; sheep of Christ's flock ovile, ovilis N sheepfold ovis, ovis F sheep ovo, ovare, ovavi, ovatus rejoice pabulum, pabuli N fodder, forage, food for cattle; food/ sustenance; fuel pacatus, -a, -um; peaceful, calm pacatior, pacatissimus paciscor, pacisci, pactus make a bargain or agreement; sum agree, enter into a marriage contract; paco, pacare, pacavi, pacify, subdue pacatus pactum, -i N pact, bargain pactio, pactionis F bargain, agreement 1x pala, palae F spade; shovel palaestra, palaestrae F wrestling school; gymnasium, (palestra) rhetorical exercise/ school; art, skill; brothel palam ADV and PREP openly, publicly; w/ ABL: in the presence of palatium, palati(i) N palace; Palatine Hill palea, paleae F chaff, husk Palestina, -ae F biblical name for the region including Israel pallium, palli(i) N cover, coverlet; Greek cloak pallor, palloris M paleness palma, palmae F palm/ width of the hand; hand; palm tree/ branch; date; award/ first place palpabilis, palpabile palpable, coaxable palpo, palpare, palpavi, stroke; coax, flatter, wheedle palpatus pango, pangere, pepigi, compose; insert, drive in, fasten; pactus plant; fix, settle, agree upon, stipulate panis, panis M bread; loaf Pannonium Hungarian pdf 360 “a certain Hungarian bishop” — maybe Matthias Dévay, died 1545, or Luther himself?? pannus, panni M cloth, garment; charioteer's colored shirt; rags panthera, pantherae F leopard; the whole of a single catch made by a fowler pantomimus, mime performer in a pantomime pantomimi M par, paris; parissimus equal; a match for; of equal size/ rank/ age; fit/ suitable/ right/ proper parabola, parabolae F comparison; explanatory illustration; parable, allegory; proverb; speech paracletus, paracleti M advocate, defender, protector, helper, comforter; the Holy Spirit paradisus, paradisi M Paradise, Garden of Eden; abode of the blessed; park, orchard; a town/ river paradoxum, paradoxi N paradox; philosophical paradoxes paralysis, -is F paralysis; any form of paralysis; apoplexy; palsy paralyticus, -a, -um paralytic, paralyzed; palsied parasitus, parasiti M guest; parasite paratus, -a, -um; prepared; ready; equipped, paratior, paratissimus provided parco, parcere, peperci, forbear, refrain from; spare; show parsus consideration; be economical/ thrifty with pareo, parere, parui, obey, be subject/ obedient to; paritus submit/ yield/ comply; pay attention; attend to paries, parietis M wall, house wall parilitas, parilitatis F equality; level to make fit pario, parere, peperi, bear; give birth to; produce, create; partus acquire parius, -a, -um Parian, from the Greek island Paros pario lapide = famous for its marble marble pariter equally; together parito, paritare, make ready paritavi, paritatus paro, parare, paravi, prepare; furnish/ supply/ provide; paratus produce; obtain/ get; buy; raise; put up; plan parricida, parricidae murderer of near relative; assassin of head of state, traitor particeps, participis sharing in, taking part in participo, participare, share; impart; partake of; participavi, participatus participate in particula, particulae F small part, little bit, particle, atom particularis, particular; partial, of/ concerning a particularis, particulare part particulariter particularly partim ADV partly, for the most part; some... others partior, partiri, partitus share, divide up, distribute sum partitio, partitionis F distribution, share; classification, logical distinction; divide into sections parturio, parturire, be in labor; bring forth; produce; be parturivi, — pregnant with/ ready to give birth parum, minus, minime too/ very little, not enough; less; not at all; not so good parvifacio [parvus + to make small facio] parvulus, parvula, very small, very young; parvulum unimportant; slight, petty parvus, parva, -um; small, little, cheap; unimportant; minor, minimus smallest, least pasco, pascere, pavi, feed, feed on; graze pastus pascuus, pascua, used/ suitable for pasture/ grazing/ pascuum pasture-land passim ADV here and there; everywhere passio, passionis F suffering; passion; disease pastio, pastionis F a pasturing, grazing; pasture 1x pastor, pastoris M shepherd, herdsman patens, patentis; open, accessible patentior, patentissimus pateo, patere, patui, — stand open, be open; extend; be well known; lie open, be accessible pater, patris M father paternus, paterna, father's, paternal; ancestral paternum patiens, patientis; patient/ long-suffering; tolerant; patientior, submissive/ liable/ susceptible to patientissimus patienter, patientius, patiently patientissime patior, pati, passus sum suffer; allow; undergo, endure; permit patria, -ae F native land, home patrius, patria, patrium father's, paternal; ancestral patro, patrare, patravi, accomplish, bring to completion patratus paucus, pauca, -um; little, small in quantity/ extent; few; paucior, paucissimus just a few Paul Paul/ St Paul, biblical paulus, paula, paulum little; small; small amount/ quantity of/ little bit of pauper, pauperis; poor meager/ unproductive; pauperior, pauperrimus scantily endowed; cheap, of little worth; of poor man paupertas, paupertatis F poverty, need; humble circumstances paveo, pavere, pavi, — be frightened or terrified at pavidus, -a, -um fearful, terrified, panic-struck pavo, pavonis M* peacock pavor, pavoris M fear, panic pax, pacis F peace; harmony peccator, peccatoris M sinner peccatum, i N (also sin; moral offense; error, mistake; peccatus , -us M) lapse, misdemeanor; transgression; wrong pecco, peccare, peccavi, sin; do wrong, commit moral peccatus offense; blunder, be wrong pecto, -ere, pexi, pexus comb; card pectus, pectoris N breast, heart; feeling, soul, mind peculiaris, peculiaris, personal/ private/ special/ peculiare peculiar/ specific, one's own; singular/ exceptional peculiariter in a peculiar way, singularly pecunia, pecuniae F money; property pecus, pecoris N cattle, herd, flock pecus, pecudis F sheep; animal pedetentim gradually, cautiously [pedetemptim] pedum, pedi N shepherd's crook pegma, pegmatis N bookcase, scaffolding Pelagius; pelagianus Pelagius (c. 354-418), theologian; (a follower of Pelagius) pelagus, pelagi N sea; the open sea, the main pellicio, pellicere, attract/ draw away; allure/ seduce/ pellicui, pellectus entice/ captivate; coax/ wheedle/ win over pellex, pellicis F mistress (installed as rival/in addition to wife), concubine; male prostitute pendo, pendere, weigh out; pay, pay out pependi, pensus pene [paene] ADV almost, nearly pene: used for phallus penes PREP w/ ACC in the power of, in the hands of (person); belonging to penetrale, penetralis N innermost parts/ chambers/ self penetralia (pl.); spirit, life of soul penetralis, penetralis, inner, innermost penetrale* penetro, penetrare, enter, penetrate penetravi, penetratus penitus, -a, -um; inner, inward penitior, penitissimus penna, pennae F feather, wing pensi: nihil pensi habeo to have no scruple penso, -are, -avi,-atus weigh (out); pay/ punish for; ponder, examine; counterbalance, compensate penus, penus/ penoris C provisions, food; stock of household; storeroom in temple of Vesta per PREP w/ ACC through (space); during (time); by, by means of per- (prefix) very, thoroughly perago, peragere, disturb; finish; kill; carry through to peregi, peractus the end, complete peragro, peragrare, travel over every part of, scour peragravi, peragratus percio, percire, percivi, excite, stir up, move; set in motion, percitus propel percipio, percipere, secure, gain; perceive, learn, feel percepi, perceptus percontatio, questioning, inquiry percontationis F percontor, percontari, inquire percontatus sum percupide ADV very eagerly/ zealously/ rashly/ passionately; percurro, percurrere, quickly move/ run/ travel/ hasten/ percucurri, percursus pass through/ over; form continuous line; stroke percutio, percutere, beat, strike; pierce percussi, percussus perdisco, perdiscere, learn thoroughly perdidici, — perditio, perditionis F destruction, ruin, perdition perdo, perdere, perdidi, ruin, destroy; lose; waste perditus perduco, perducere, lead, guide; prolong; induce, perduxi, perductus conduct, bring through perduro, perdurare, last long, endure perduravi, perduratus peregrinus, peregrina, foreign, strange, alien; exotic peregrinum perennis, perennis, continual; everlasting, perpetual, perenne perennial; eternal perenniter ADV perennial, eternally pereo, perire, perivi(ii), die, pass away; be ruined, be peritus destroyed; go to waste pererro, pererrare, wander through, roam or ramble pererravi, pererratus over perexiguus, perexigua, very small perexiguum perfecte ADV completely, perfectly perfectio, perfectionis F perfection, completion; bringing to completion/ perfection; ideal perfectus, -a, -um; perfect, complete; excellent perfectior, perfectissimus perfero, perferre, carry through; bear, endure to the pertuli, perlatus end, suffer; announce perficio, perficere, complete, finish; execute, perfeci, perfectus accomplish; do thoroughly perfidia, perfidiae F faithlessness, treachery, perfidy perfidus, perfida, faithless, treacherous, false, perfidum deceitful perfringo, perfringere, break through, break apart perfregi, perfractus thoroughly perfruor, perfrui, have full enjoyment of, enjoy perfructus sum perfundo, perfundere, pour over/ through, wet, flood, perfudi, perfusus bathe; overspread, coat, overlay; imbue perfusio, -onis F a pouring over, profusion pergo, pergere, perrexi, go on, proceed perrectus perhibeo, perhibere, present, give, bestow; regard, hold; perhibui, perhibitus name periclitor, periclitari, try, prove, test, make a trial of, put periclitatus sum to the test/ in peril; risk, endanger periculosus, -a, -um; dangerous, hazardous, perilous; periculosior, threatening periculosissimus periculum, periculi N danger, peril; trial, attempt; risk; responsibility for damage, liability perinde ADV in the same way/ just as, equally; likewise periphrasis, -is F circumlocution; paraphrase peripsema, refuse; filth; offscouring peripsematis N peristroma, curtain, coverlet, carpet, hanging peristromatis N peritia, peritiae F practical knowledge, skill, expertise; experience periurium, periuri(i) N false oath, perjury perlanguesco become very faint or very languid perlanguescere, langui, — permagnus, permagna, very great permagnum permaneo, permanere, last, continue; remain; endure permansi, permansus permeo, permeare, go or pass through, permeate, cross, permeavi, permeatus traverse; pervade permisceo, permiscere, mix or mingle together; confound; permiscui, permixtus embroil; disturb thoroughly permistus, -a, -um confused; disordered (permixtus) permitto, permittere, let through; let go through; permisi, permissus relinquish; permit, allow; entrust; hurl permotio, -onis F deep movements, deep influences permotionibus permultus, permulta, very much; very many permultum pernicies, perniciei F ruin; disaster; pest, bane; curse; destruction, calamity; mischief perniciosus, -a, -um; destructive, dangerous, pernicious perniciosior, perniciosissimus pernix, pernicis; persistent, preserving; nimble, pernicior, pernicissimus brisk, active, agile, quick, swift perorno, -are, -avi, -atus adorn highly/ greatly peroro, perorare, deliver the final part of a speech, peroravi, peroratus conclude perpaucus, perpauca, very few; select perpaucum perpetior, perpeti, endure to the full perpessus sum perpetro, perpetrare, carry through, accomplish perpetravi, perpetratus perpetuitas, continuity; permanence perpetuitatis F perpetuus, perpetua, continuous, uninterpreted; whole; perpetuum perpetual, lasting; everlasting perplexe ADV intrcately, in an entangled way perplexus, perplexa, entangled, muddled; intricate, perplexum cryptic; confused perrepo, perrepere, crawl over; crawl along perrepsi, perreptus persancte ADV in a very holy way perscrutor, perscrutari, search/ look though; search high perscrutatus sum and low; study/ investigate carefully persecutio, chase/ pursuit; carrying through, persecutionis F completion; action/ right of suing, suit persecutor, persecutoris persecutor; prosecutor, plaintiff M persensit [per + sentio] perceive, feel thoroughly, experience; think, persequor, persequi, follow up, pursue; overtake; attack; persecutus sum take vengeance on; accomplish perseverans, -antis; steadfast, persistent, untiring; perseverantior, continually maintained, persistent perseverantissimus (activity) perseverantia, -ae F perseverance perseveranter, steadfastly, persistently; with perseverantius, continued action perseverantissime persevero, perseverare, persist, persevere; continue perseveravi, perseveratus persimilis, persimilis, very like; very similar persimile persisto [per + sisto, to stop thoroughly, persist sistere, stiti, status] persolvo, persolvere, pay persolvi, persolutus persona, -ae F mask; character; personality perspicio, perspicere, see through; examine; observe perspexi, perspectus persto, perstare, stand firm; last, endure; persevere, perstiti, perstatus persist in persuadeo, persuadere, persuade, convince w/ DAT persuasi, persuasus persuasio, -onis F persuasion persuasus, -a, -um; persuaded, convinced persuasior, persuasissimus pertaedet, pertaedere, it wearies; it disgusts; it bores pertaeduit, pertaesus est perte = per te for you, through you pertento, pertentare, test, try out; explore thoroughly; pertentavi, pertentatus agitate thoroughly; perterrefacio, -facere, - make extremely frightened; terrify feci, -factus thoroughly pertimesco, become very scared pertimescere, pertimui, — pertinaciter tenaciously; obstinately, stubbornly, determinedly; through thick and thin pertinax, pertinacis; persevering, obstinate; pertinacious pertinacior; pertinacissimus pertineo, pertinere, reach; extend; relate to; concerns, pertinui, pertentus pertain to pertingo, pertingere, —, reach, get as far as; extend; concern, — affect pertracto, -are, -avi, - draw/ drag thoroughly; manage/ atus treat thoroughly pertraho, pertrahere, draw or drag through or to, bring or pertrahentia pertraxi, pertractus conduct forcibly to; draw on, lure pertritus, -a, -um very well-trodden, very trite perturbo, perturbare, confuse, throw into confusion; perturbavi, perturbatus disturb, perturb, trouble; alarm perunctus, -a, -um greased/ anointed thoroughly pervenio, pervenire, come to, reach, arrive perveni, perventus perversus, -a, -um; askew, awry; perverse, evil, bad perversior, perversissimus perverto, pervertere, overthrow; subvert; destroy, ruin, perverti, perversus corrupt pervestigo, -are, avi, make a thorough search of; explore atus fully pervicacia, pervicaciae F stubbornness, obstinacy, firmness, steadiness pervicax, pervicacis; stubborn, obstinate; firm, steadfast pervicacior, pervicacissimus pervius, pervia, pervium passable, traversable; penetrable pervolo, pervolare, fly through; fly pervolavi, pervolatus pes, pedis M foot pessimus, -a, -um worst, most incapable; wickedest; most unkind; lowest in rank pessulus, pessuli M bolt pessundo, pessundare, destroy, ruin; sink, send to the pessundedi, bottom; put an end to; do away possundatus with, remove pestis, pestis F plague, pestilence, curse, destruction Petrus, i M St Peter, biblical petitio, petitionis F candidacy; petition peto, petere, petivi, attack; aim at; desire; beg, entreat, petierimus = petitus ask; reach towards, make for petiverimus, etc. petra, petrae F rock, boulder; shaped stone as used in building pexus, -a, -um (pp combed; carded (wool) pecto) phantasma, ghost; phantom; spirit phantasmatis N pharisaeus, -a, -um; Pharisaean; Pharisee Pharisaee M VOC Philippensis Philippian, pertaining to Phillipi, Greece and Paul’s letter to the Philippians Philo Philo Judaeus, or of Alexandria (20 BCE-50CE), Jewish scholar and Greek philosopher philosophia, philosophy, love of wisdom philosophiae F philosophus, philosophical philosopha, philosophum Phocius (Photius) Photios (c. 810/820-893) ecumenical patriarch of Constantinople, theologian phrygio, phrygionis M Phrygian, ancient inhabitants of Phrygia, now Turkey; embroiderer in gold piaculum, piaculi N expiatory offering or rite; sin; crime pictus, -a, -um (also pp painted; colored; decorated, pingo) embroidered in color pie, pius, piissime piously, devoutly, dutifully, loyally ADV piens, pientis; pientior, dutiful; conscientious; affectionate, pientissimus tender; pious, patriotic; holy, godly pietas, pietatis F responsibility, sense of duty; loyalty; tenderness, goodness; pity; piety piger, pigra, pigrum lazy, slow, dull piget, pigere, —, pigitus it disgusts, irks, pains, chagrins, est afflicts, grieves pigmentum, pigmenti N coloring/ dye/ pigment/ tint/ paint; ingredient; drug; sauce; spices pignus, pignoris N pledge, hostage, mortgage; bet, stake; symbol; relict pileus, pilei M felt cap; freedom/ liberty; beret pineus, pinea, pineum of the pine, covered in pines pingo, pingere, pinxi, paint, tint, color; adorn/ decorate pictus w/ colored designs; paint/ draw/ depict/ portray pinguedo, pinguedinis F fat/ fatness; oiliness; richness/ abundance; fullness; exuberance pinguis, pingue; fat; rich, fertile; thick; dull, stupid pinguior, pinguissimus pirata, piratae M (also pirate pyrata) piscator, piscatoris M fisherman piscor, piscari, piscatus fish sum pissito, pissitare to taste, sip, experience, enjoy; ~ cf. pitisso/ gustare (DuCange) pytisso, pitissare: to spit out wine after tasting; Gk. πυτίζω. pius, pia, -um; —, conscientious; upright; faithful; piissimus patriotic/ dutiful, respectful; righteous/ good placabilis, placabilis, easily appeased, appeasing, placabile pacifying placeo, placere, placui, please, satisfy, give pleasure to placitus (with DAT) placet, placere, —, it is pleasing/ satisfying, gives placitus est IMPERS pleasure; is believed/ agreed placidus, -a, -um; gentle, calm, mild, peaceful, placid placidior, placidissimus placo, placare, placavi, appease; placate; reconcile placatus plaga, plagae F stroke/ blow/ stripe/ cut/ thrust; wound/ gash/ scar, injury; misfortune plagiarius, plagiarii M kidnapper; a plagiarist plane, planius, clearly, disinctly; legibly, quite, planissime completely, certainly, to be sure plango, plangere, strike, beat; bewail; lament for, planxi, planctus mourn planta, plantae F cutting, young shoot detached for propagation; seedling, young plant planus, plana, -um; level, flat planior, planissimus platea, plateae F broad way, street Plato, Platonis M (alt Plato (c. 425-c. 348 BCE) Athenian Platon) philosopher plaustrum, plaustri N wagon, cart, wain; constellation of Great Bear/ Big Dipper plausus, plausus M clapping/ applause; approval; beating of wings plebs, plebis F common people, general citizens, commons/ plebeians; lower class/ ranks; mob/ mass plecto, plectere, —, — buffet, beat; punish plene, plenius, abundantly/ fully/ clearly; richly; plenissime entirely plenitudo, plenitudinis fullness, abundance of content; F thickness, fullness of shape; whole/ full amount plenus, plena, -um; full, plump; satisfied plenior, plenissimus plerique (plerisque) the majority, most, very great part; about all; very many, a good man plerus, plera, plerum the majority, most, very great part; ADJ about all; very many, a good many plerunque [plerumque] generally, commonly; mostly, for ADV the most part; often pluma, plumae F feather; plume plumbeus, plumbea, leaden; blunt, dull; heavy; stupid; plumbeum lead-colored plumeus, -a, -um feathery, filled with feathers pluries ADV often, frequently; sometimes; several/ many times plurimus, -a, -um (also very many; most frequent; highest superlat. of multus) price plus: multum, plus, more; several, many; much, greatly, plurimum ADV plenty plus, -pla, -plum times as great/ many, -fold, tuple plus, pluris N more, too much, more than enough; more than; higher price/ value plusquam more than, beyond poculum, poculi N cup, bowl, drinking vessel; drink/ draught; social drinking; drink poena, poenae F penalty, punishment; revenge/ retribution poenitentia, regret; change of mind/ attitude; poenitentiae F repentance/ contrition; penance poeniteo, poenitere, displease; regret; repent, be sorry poenitui, — policiem (politie)* elegance; policy polleo, pollere, —, — exert power or influence; be strong polliceor, polliceri, to promise pollicitus sum pollicitatio, promise pollicitationis F polluo, polluere, pollui, soil/ foul/ dirty/ stain/ pollute; pollutus infect; make impure; break polymitus, -a, -um damasked, woven w/ different colored threads; with many threads pompa, pompae F procession; retinue; pomp, ostentation pomum, pomi N fruit, apple; fruit-tree ponderosus, -a, -um; heavy, weighty; significant ponderosior, ponderosissimus pondus, ponderis N weight, burden, impediment pono, ponere, posui, put/ place/ set; station/ post; pitch; positus situate; set up; erect Pont. (abbreviation of Pope Pontifex) pontifex, pontificis M high priest/ pontiff; bishop; pope pontificalis, pontificalis, pontifical, of or pertaining to a pontificale pontifex popina, -ae F bar, bistro, cookshop, restaurant, eating house popularis, popularis C compatriot, fellow citizen/from same community; associate; pl.: commoners populo, populare, ravage, devastate, lay waste; populavi, populatus plunder; despoil, strip populus, populi M people, nation, State; public/ populace/ multitude/ crowd; a following porcus, porci M pig, hog; tame swine; glutton porrigo, porrigere, stretch out, extend porrexi, porrectus porro ADV at distance, further on, far off, onward; of old, formerly, hereafter; again porrum, porri N leek porta, portae F gate, entrance; city gates; door; avenue; goal portendo, portendere, predict, foretell; point out portendi, portentus portentosus, -a, -um portentous portio, portionis F part, portion, share; proportion porto, portare, portavi, carry, bring portatus portus, portus M port, harbor; refuge, haven, place of refuge posco, poscere, poposci, ask, demand — possessio, possessionis possession, property F possessor, possessoris owner, occupier M possibilis, -is, -e; possible possibilior, possibilissimus possideo, possidere, seize, hold, be master of; possess, possessae pdf possedi, possessus take/ hold possession of, occupy; 348 inherit possido, possidere, —, seize, hold, be master of; possess, — take/ hold possession of, occupy; inherit possum, posse, potui, — be able, can post ADV and PREP w/ behind, after; subordinate to ACC postea ADV afterwards posteritas, posteritatis F future time; posterity posterus, postera, -um; coming after, following, next; posterior, postremus COMP next in order, latter; SUPER last/ hindmost posthabeo, posthabere, esteem less, subordinate; postpone posthabui, posthabitus posthac ADV after this, in the future, hereafter, from now on; thereafter, from then on postpono, postponere, neglect; disregard; put after, postposui, postpositus consider secondary; set aside, postpone postquam after postulo, postulare, demand, claim; require; ask/ pray postulavi, postulatus for potatio, potationis F act of drinking, bout pote ADJ indecl. able, capable potentia, potentiae F force, power, political power potestas, potestatis F power, rule, force; strength, ability; chance, opportunity potior, poti, potitus sum obtain, acquire; grasp; attain, reach; come by potior, potior, potius better, more important ADJ potissimus, potissima, chief, principal, most prominent/ potissimum powerful; strongest; foremost potius ADV rather, more preferably poto, potare, potavi, drink; drink heavily/ convivially, potus tipple; swallow; absorb, soak up potens, potentis; powerful, strong; capable; mighty potentior, potentissimus potus, potus M drink/ draught; something to drink; drinking prae ADV and PREP w/ before, in front; in view of, because ABL of praebeo, praebere, present/ show/ put forward; offer; praebui, praebitus expose physically oneself; expose/ submit/ allow praecatio [precatio], - prayer onis F praecedo, praecedere, go before, precede; surpass, excel praecessi, praecessus praecello, praecellere, — excel; surpass , — praeceps, praecipitis head first, headlong; steep, precipitous praeceptio, instruction; practical rule; praeceptionis F preconception; receiving legacy early praeceptor, praeceptoris teacher, instructor M praecido, praecidere, cut off in front; cut back, cut short praecidi, praecisus praecipio, praecipere, take or receive in advance; praecepi, praeceptus anticipate; warn; order; teach, instruct praecipito, -are, -avi, - throw headlong, cast down atus praecipue ADV especially, chiefly praecipuus, praecipua, particular, special praecipuum praeclarus, -a, -um; very clear; splendid; famous; bright, praeclarior, illustrious; noble, distinguished praeclarissimus praeco, praeconis M herald, crier praecogito, -are, avi, - ponder beforehand, premeditate atus praecognosco, have foreknowledge of, get to know/ praecognoscere, become aware of/ learn beforehand praecognovi, praecognitus praecursor, forerunner; member of advance- praecursoris M guard praeda, praedae F booty, loot, spoils, plunder, prey praedestinatio, predestination, determining praedestinationis F beforehand praedico, -are, -avi, - proclaim/ declare/ make known/ atus publish/ announce formally; praise/ recommend; preach praedico, praedicere, say beforehand, mention in praedixi, praedictus advance; warn/ predict/ foretell; recommend/ prescribe praedictio, -onis F prediction, foretelling praeditus, praedita, gifted; provided with praeditum praedivino, -are, -avi, - pre-divine; divine in advance atus praefero, praeferre, carry in front; prefer; display; offer; praetuli, praelatus give preference to praefigo, praefigere, set in front praefixi, praefixus praefinio, praefinire, fix the range of; determine praefinivi, praefinitus praefor, praefari, say/ utter/ mention beforehand/ in praefatus sum advance; recite praefurnium, praefurnii furnace-opening; heating room N praelium, praeli(i) N battle/ fight/ bout/ conflict/ dispute; armed/ hostile prelude praeludium, ii, N prelude; prologue praeludo, ere, praelusi, - play beforehand, write prologue lusus beforehand praelum -i N (prelum) wine-press, oil-press praemium, praemi(i) prize, reward; gift; recompense praemitto, praemittere, send ahead or forward praemisi, praemissus praemium, praemi(i) N prize, reward; gift; recompense praemonstro, -are, -avi, to show/ reveal/ teach thoroughly -atus praemunio, -ire, -ivi, - fortify, defend in advance; itus safeguard praensatio, -onis F soliciting, suing, canvassing for an (prensatio) office praeoccupo, -are, -avi, - seize upon beforehand; anticipate atus praeparo, -are, -avi, - prepare atus praepono, praeponere, place in command, in front of or praeposui, praepositus before; put X in front of Y praeproperus, very hurried, precipitate; too hasty praepropera, praeproperum praeputium, praeputi(i) foreskin, prepuce; state of not being N circumcised, having prepuce praerogativus, asked before others praerogativa, praerogativum praes, praedis M surety, bondsman praescientia, -ae F foreknowledge, prescience praescio, praescire, foreknow; know in advance praescivi, praescitus praescribo, order, direct praescribere, praescripsi, praescriptus praesens, praesentis present; at hand; existing; prompt, in person; propitious praesentaneus, -a, -um momentary, instantaneous praesentio, praesentire, feel or perceive beforehand; have a praesensi, praesensus presentiment of praesentisco, -ere, —, — begin to perceive beforeharnd, begin to have a presentiment praesertim especially; particularly praesideo, praesidere, keep/ watch/ stand/ / guard; praesedi, — preside; supervise/ govern/ control praesidium, praesidi(i) protection; help; guard; garrison, N detachment praestigia, praestigiae F deception, illusion, tricks; action to praestigiamentis deceive/ hoodwink; juggling (prestigia mentis) = tricks of the mind praestigiator, trickster, one who practices deceit; praestigiatoris M juggler; impostor, cheat, deceiver praesto, praestare, excel, surpass, be outstanding/ praestiti, praestitus superior/ best/ greater / preferable; prevail praestolor, praestolari, stand ready for, expect, wait for praestolatus sum praesul, praesulis C patron/ protector; prelate/ bishop/ dignitary; dancer leading procession praesum, praeesse, be in charge/ control/ head; take praefui, praefuturus the lead; be present praesumo, praesumere, consume/ perform/ employ praesumsi, beforehand; anticipate; praesumptus presuppose/ presume/ assume; dare praeter PREP w/ ACC besides, except, contrary to; beyond, in front of, before; more than praeterea ADV besides, thereafter; in addition praetereo, praeterire, pass/ go by; disregard/ neglect/ praeterivi, praeteritus omit/ miss; surpass/ excel; go overdue; pass over praeterlabor, slip past, glide or flow by praeterlabi, praeterlapsus sum praetermitto, -ere, let pass; pass over; omit; overlook praetermisi, praetermissus praeterquam ADV and except, besides; beyond, contrary to PREP w/ ACC praetexo, praetexere, border; adorn; to pretend praetexui, praetextus praetextum, i N a pretence, pretext, excuse praetextu (also supine of praetexo) praevaricatio, collusion; transgression praevaricationis F praevaricator, advocate guilty of collusion; praevaricatoris M transgressor praevaricatrix, female sinner praevaricatricis F praevenio, praevenire, arrive/ occur/ come first/ too soon; praeveni, praeventus precede; surpass; anticipate/ forestall praevideo, praevidere, foresee, see in advance praevidi, praevisus praevius, praevia, going before, leading the way praevium pravitas, pravitatis F bad condition; viciousness, perverseness, depravity pravus, prava, pravum crooked; misshapen, deformed; perverse, vicious, corrupt; faulty; bad precarius, precaria, obtained by prayer; doubtful, precarium precarious precatio, precationis F prayer, supplication preciosus (see precious pretiosus) precor, precari, precatus beg/ implore/ entreat; wish/ pray sum for/ to; pray, supplicate, beseech preludium, preludii N prelude; preliminary premo, premere, pressi, press, press hard, pursue; oppress; pressus overwhelm pressura,-ae F pressure; throng; heavy sleep, juice pressed out; a burden, oppression prester, presteris M fiery whirlwind or a waterspout pretiosus, -a, -um; expensive, costly, of great value, alt. preciosus 1x pretiosior, precious; rich in pretiosissimus pretium, i N price/ value/ worth; reward/ pay; money; prayer/ request prex, precis F prayer, request pridem ADV some time ago, previously primarius, primaria, in the first rank, distinguished primarium primas, primatis ADJ noble; of the highest rank; principle; (used as noun) primo ADV at first; in the first place primogenius, first born; original, primitive; primogenia, serving as root for derivatives primogenium primus, -a, -um first, foremost/ best, chief, in primis: above principal; nearest/ next all, chiefly, in the first place, greatly; princeps, principis first, foremost, leading, chief, front; earliest, original; most necessary principatus, first place; rule; leadership; principatus, M (also pp supremacy; chief command; of principor) principor, principari, rule; rule over principatus sum prior, prior, prius ADV ahead, in front, leading; previous, earlier, preceding, prior; former; basic priscus, prisca, priscum ancient, early, former pristinus, pristina, former, original; pristine pristinum priusquam before; until; sooner than privo, privare, privavi, deprive, rob, free privatus pro PREP w/ ABL on behalf of; before; in front/ instead of; for; about; according to; as, like; probabilis, probabile; commendable/ admirable; probabilior, justifiable; plausible/ credible/ probabilissimus demonstrable; probable probe ADV properly, rightly probitas, probitatis F uprightness, honesty, probity probo, probare, probavi, approve, esteem/ commend/ probatus recommend/ certify; give assent/ approval/ sanction probus, proba, probum good, honest procacitas, procacitatis effrontery, forwardness; F wantonness, license procax, procacis pushing, impudent; undisciplined; frivolous procedo, procedere, proceed; advance; appear processi, processus procella, procellae F storm, gale; tumult, commotion procellosus, procellosa, stormy, boisterous procellosum procer, proceris M nobles, chiefs, princes; leading men of the country/ society/ profession proclivitas, proclivitatis propensity to evil F procreo, procreare, bring into existence, beget, procreavi, procreatus procreate; produce, create procul ADV away; at distance, far off proculdubio ADV without doubt procuro, procurare, manage; administer; attend to procuravi, procuratus procus, proci M wooer, gigolo, suitor; canvasser; noble prodigiosus, prodigiosa, freakish; prodigious prodigiosum proditio, proditionis F treason, betrayal proditor, proditoris M traitor prodo, prodere, prodidi, project, thrust forward; bring forth, proditus produce, give birth to; create; nominate produco, producere, lead forward, bring out; reveal; produxi, productus induce; promote; stretch out; prolong; bury profanus, profana, secular, profane; not initiated; profanum* (also impious prophanus) profecto ADV (and pp surely, certainly proficio and proficiscor) profero, proferre, bring forward; advance; defer; protuli, prolatus discover; mention professio, professionis F profession professor, professoris M professor, teacher proficio, proficere, make, accomplish, effect profeci, profectus proficiscor, proficisci, depart, set out; proceed profectus sum profiteor, profiteri, declare; profess professus sum profligatus, -a, -um; profligate, depraved profligatior, profligatissimus profligo, profligare, overthrow, rout profligavi, profligatus profluo, profluere, flow forth or along; emanate profluxi, profluctus profugus, profuga, fugitive/ fleeing/ escaping; exiled; profugum shrinking; eluding one's grasp profunditas, depth; intensity; vastness, profunditatis F immensity; darkness profundo, profundere, pour, pour out; utter; squander profudi, profusus profundus, -a, -um; deep, profound; boundless; profundior, insatiable profundissimus profusus, -a, -um; excessive; lavish; extravagant profusior, profusissimus (pp profundo) progenitor, progenitoris ancestor M prognatus, prognata, sprung from; descended prognatum progredior, progredi, go, come forth, go forward, march progressus sum forward; advance, proceed, make progress progressus, -us M advance, progress prohibeo, prohibere, hinder, restrain; forbid, prevent prohibui, prohibitus proiicio, proiicere, throw down, throw out; abandon; proieci, proectus throw away proinde ADV hence, so then; according to/ in the same manner/ degree/ proportion prolabor, prolabi, glide or slip forwards, fall into prolapsus sum decay, go to ruin; collapse prolatio, prolationis F postponement; enlargement prolixe, prolixius, at length, in detail; amply; lavishly, prolixissime ADV generously, wholeheartedly prolixus, prolixa, -um; luxuriant, extensive; big/ tall; prolixior, prolixissimus* generous; running smoothly prologus, prologi M prologue promano, -are, -avi, - flow forth, spread forward; be shed; atus promereor, promereri, deserve, merit; deserve well of; promeritus sum earn; gain promiscuus, promiscua, common, shared general, promiscuum indiscriminate promissio, promissionis promise; act/ instance of promising; F guarantee that proof will come promitto, promittere, promise promisi, promissus promo, promere, take/ bring out/ forth; bring into promsi, promptus view; bring out/ display on the stage promoveo, promovere, move forward promovi, promotus promptitudo, -inem F promptitude promptus, prompta, - set forth, brought forward, um; promptior, manifest, disclosed; willing, ready, promptissimus eager, quick promulgo, promulgare, make known by public promulgavi, proclamation; publish promulgatus pronubus, i M groom; [pronubus ADJ: pertaining to marriage] pronuntio, pronuntiare, announce; proclaim; relate; divulge; pronuntiavi, recite; utter pronuntiatus propago, propagare, propagate; extend, enlarge, increase propagavi, propagatus propalo, propalare, —, stake out; make visible/ manifest propalatus prope, propius, proxime near, nearly; close by; almost ADV propemodum just about, pretty well propensio, propensionis inclination, propensity; F consideration propero, properare, hurry, speed up; be quick properavi, properatus prophanus, -a, -um secular, profane; not initiated; (profanus) impious propheta, -ae M prophet prophetes, prophetae M prophet; spokesman/ interpreter of a god; foreteller, soothsayer prophetia, prophetiae F prophecy; prediction; body of prophets/ singers propino -are, -avi, -atus to drink to one’s health, pledge; yield up propitiatio, atonement, propitiation, propitiationis F appeasement propitiator, -oris M a propitiator, appeaser propitius, propitia, favorably inclined, well-disposed, propitium propitious propono, proponere, display; propose; relate; put or proposui, propositus place forward propositum, propositi N intention/ purpose/ objective; resolution/ design/ plan; mode/ manner of life, conduct, practice proportio, proportionis proportion, proper spatial relation F between parts; symmetry; analogy proprie ADV particularly, specifically, especially; properly, appropriately, rightly proprius, propria, own, very own; individual; special, proprium particular, characteristic propter near; on account of; by means of; because of propterea ADV therefore, for this reason propulso, propulsare, repulse, drive back/ off; ward off, propulsavi, propulsatus repel, avert; pound, batter prorsus, prorsa, straight forwards prorsum prorumpo, prorumpere, rush forth, break out prorupi, proruptus prosapia, prosapiae F family, lineage proscriptio, advertisement; notice of proscriptionis F confiscation; proscription, pub of names of outlaws prosequor, prosequi, pursue; escort; describe in detail prosecutus sum prosoneta, -ae M negotiator; agent; go-between 1x pdf 502 (proxeneta) prospecto, prospectare, gaze out; look out on prospectavi, prospectatus prosperus, prospera, - prosperous, successful/ triumphal; um; prosperior, lucky/ favorable/ propitious prosperrimus prospicio, prospicere, foresee; see far off; watch for, prospexi, prospectus provide for, look out for prosterno, prosternere, knock over, lay low; strike down, prostravi, prostratus overthrow; exhaust; debase/ demean; prostrate prosum, prodesse, be useful, be advantageous, benefit, profui, profuturus profit protendo, protendere, stretch out/ forth, extend, distend; protendi, protentus hold out; prolong; lengthen protero, proterere, crush, tread under foot; oppress protrivi, protritus protervia, -ae F violence, impudence, lasciviousness protervitas, impudence; boldness protervitatis F protinus straight on, forward; immediately; without pause; at once protraho, protrahere, drag forward, produce; bring to protraxi, protractus light, reveal; prolong, protract prout ADV as, just as; exactly as 1x proveho, provehere, carry; pass, be carried, ride, sail provexi, provectus provenio, provenire, come forth; come into being; proveni, proventus prosper proventus, proventus N outcome, result; success proverbium, proverbi(i) proverb, saying N providentia, -ae F providence provideo, providere, foresee; provide for, with DAT providi, provisus provincia, provinciae F province; office; duty; command provoco, provocare, call forth; challenge; provoke provocavi, provocatus provolvo, provolvere, roll forward or along, bowl over provolvi, provolutus proxeneta, proxenetae negotiator; agent; go-between 1x pdf 445 M (also here prosoneta) proximus, -a, -um nearest/ closest/ next; most recent, (superlat. of obsol. last; most/ very like propis) prudens, prudentis; aware, skilled; sensible, prudent; prudentior, farseeing; experienced prudentissimus prudenter, prudentius, wisely, discreetly; sensibly, prudentissime ADV prudently prudentia, prudentiae F discretion; good sense, wisdom; prudence; foresight psallo, psallere, psalli, play on the cithara; sing the Psalms — psalmus, psalmi M psalm; Psalm of David psaltes, psaltae M musician, minstrel; player on a plucked instrument/ cithara pseudopropheta, false prophet two words p. 471 pseudoprophetae M publicus, publica, public; common, of the people/ publicum state; official pudefactus, -a, -um having been made ashamed pudeo, pudere, pudui, be ashamed; make ashamed puditus pudicitia, pudicitiae F chastity; modesty; purity pudicus, -a, -um; chaste, modest; virtuous; pure pudicissimus pudor, pudoris M decency, shame; sense of honor; modesty; bashfulness puer, pueri M boy, lad, young man; servant; child pugil, pugilis M boxer, pugilist pugna, -ae F battle, fight pugnax, pugnacis pugnacious pugno, pugnare, to fight; dispute pugnavi, pugnatus pulcher, pulchra, -um; pretty; beautiful; handsome; noble, pulchrior, pulcherrimus illustrious pulchritudo, beauty, excellence pulchritudinis F pullulo, pullulare, sprout, send forth new growth; pullulavi, pullulatus spring forth pullus, pulli M chicken, young hen pulso, pulsare, pulsavi, beat; pulsate pulsatus pulverulentus, dusty pulverulenta, pulverulentum pulvis, pulveris M dust, powder; sand punctim with the point pungo, pungere, pupugi, prick, puncture; sting; jab/ poke; punctus vex/ trouble punior, puniri, punitus punish, inflict punishment; avenge, sum extract retribution pure ADV purely purgatio, purgationis F purification purgatus, -a, -um; purged purgatior, purgatissimus purgo, purgare, purgavi, make clean, cleanse; excuse purgatus purificator, -oris M one who purifies purifico, purificare, purify/ make ceremonially/ ritually purificavi, purificatus pure; clean/ clear; free of dirt/ encumbrances puritas, puritatis F purity purpureus, purpurea, purple, dark red purpureum purus, pura, -um; pure, clean, unsoiled; free from purior, purissimus defilement/ taboo/ stain; blameless, innocent pus, puris N pus; foul/ corrupt matter; bitterness, gall, venom pusillanimitas, faintheartedness, timidity, pusillanimitatis F cowardness, lack of courage; despondency pusillus, pusilla, -um; tiny, wee, very small; miniature, on pusillior, pusillissimus a tiny scale pusio, pusionis M boy; little boy; youth, lad pustula, pustulae F inflamed sore/ blister/ pustule, bubble puteo, putere, —, — stink, be rotten/ putrid; smell bad; rot/ decompose puteus, putei M well putidus, -a, -um; rotten/ decaying; foul/ stinking; putidior, putidissimus unpleasant/ offensive/ tiresome/ affected/ pedantic puto, putare, putavi, think, believe, suppose, hold; putatus reckon, estimate, value; clear up, settle putresco, putrescere, —, rot, putrefy, be in a state of decay — putridus, -a, -um rotten, decayed pyrata, pyratae (alt. pirate pirata) Pythagoras, ae Pythagoras (c. 570 - c. 495 BCE), famous Greek thinker pythonicus, -a, -um prophetic, related to python qua ADV at which place, where; by what way, how, in what way; to what extent; as, as far as, in the capacity of qua PRON something (or other), etc., etc. quacunque wherever; in whatever part/ manner, however; by whatever route/ way quadruplator, multiplier by four; an exaggerator; quadruplatoris M an informer quaero, quaerere, search for, seek, strive for; obtain; quaesivi, quaesitus ask, inquire, demand quaeso, quaesere, —, — beg, ask, ask for, seek quaestus, quaestus M gain, profit qualisa, -is, -e what kind/ sort/ condition (of); what is (he/it) like; what/how excellent a qualitas, qualitatis F character/ nature, essential/ distinguishing quality/ characteristic; mood quammaximam to the greatest extent quamobrem why, for what reason, on what account; on account of which, where/ therefore quamprimum to the highest degree possible quam ut than, than that, as though quamvis although, as much, however quandiu for how long?; how long?; how long!, what a long time!; until; as long as quando when, at what time; at any time quandoque CONJ whenever, at whatever time; at some time or other/ any time/ ever; whereas quandoquidem since, seeing that quanquam though, although, yet, nevertheless quantus, quanta, how great; how much/ many; of quantum what size/ amount/ degree/ number/ worth/ price quapropter wherefore, why, for what? quaquauersum ADV on all sides (quaquaversus) quasi ADV and CONJ as if, just as if, as though; as it were; about quasso, quassare, shake repeatedly; wave, flourish; quassavi, quassatus batter; weaken quatenus how far/ long?, to what point; to what extent; where; while, so far as; since quemadmodum in what way, how; as, just as; to the extent that queo, quire, quivi(ii), be able quitus querela, querelae F complaint, grievance; illness; difference of opinion; lament; blame queror, queri, questus complain; protest, grumble, gripe; sum make formal complaint in court of law questus, questus M complaint qui ADV how?; how so; in what way; by what/ which means; whereby; at whatever price qui PRON who; that; which, what; of which kind/ degree; person/ thing/ time/ point that; what kind/type of?; who/ whatever, everyone who, all that, anything that; any such; (after si/ sin/ sive/ ne) quia ADV because, for, that quidam, quaedam, a certain thing quoddam quidquid PRON whatever, whatsoever; everything which; each one; each; everything; anything quies, quietis F quiet, calm, rest, peace; sleep quiesco, quiescere, rest, keep quiet/ calm, be at peace/ quievi, quietus rest; be inactive/ neutral; permit; sleep quiete, quietius, quietly, peacefully, calmly, serenely quietissime ADV quietus, quieta, -um; at rest; quiet, tranquil, calm, quietior, quietissimus peaceful; orderly; neutral; still; idle quin so that not, without; that not; but that; that quippe of course; as you see; obviously; naturally; by all means quisdam PRON a certain someone/ somthing quislibet, cuiuslibet whoever/ whatever you please; anyone/ anything whatever quisnam, cuiusnam who then?, who in the world? quispiam, cuiuspiam any/ somebody, any, some, any/ something quisquam anybody, any thing quisquis whoever; every one who; whoever it be; everyone quo ADV where, to what place; to what purpose; for which reason, therefore quo CONJ whither, in what place, where quo PRON (ABL M and who, that etc N) quoad as long as, until quocirca on account of which; wherefore quod ADV and CONJ Adv: in respect of which, as to what, in what, wherein, with a conj. or relat.: in view of which, and in fact, but, and yet, accordingly, therefore, now CONJ: that, because, since, for quodammodo ADV in a certain way, in a certain measure quomodo ADV how, in what way; just as quomodocunque = in whatever way quoniam CONJ because, since, seeing that quoque ADV likewise/besides/also/too; not only; even/actually; (after word emphasized) quoquo ADV and PRON wherever, in whatever place/ direction; whatever; anywhere; PRON = whoever; whatever, whatsoever; every one who; everything which; each one quorsum ADV whither, in what direction; to what place/action/point/end; with what view? quot, undeclined how many; of what number; as many quotidianus, daily, everyday; usual/ habitual, quotidiana, normal/ regular; ordinary/ quotidianum common/ unremarkable quotidie daily, every day; day by day; usually, ordinarily, commonly quoties how often; as often as 1x quotquot however many quotus, quota, quotum what number of?; how many?; whatever number of, as many as; the number that quum (cum) PREP = with; CONJ = when, while, since, etc. rabidus, rabida, mad, raging, frenzied, wild rabidum racemus, racemi M bunch/ cluster radico, radicare, take root; grow roots radicavi, radicatus radius, radi(i) M ray; rod radix, radicis F root; base; square-root ramus, rami M branch, bough rapax, rapacis grasping, rapacious rapina, rapinae F robbery, plunder, booty; rape rapio, rapere, rapui, drag off; snatch; destroy; seize, raptus carry off; pillage; hurry rapto, raptare, raptavi, drag violently off; ravage raptatus raptor, raptoris M robber; plunderer rarus, rara, -um; rarior, thin, scattered; few, infrequent; rarissimus rare; in small groups; loose knit ratio, rationis F account, reckoning, invoice; plan; prudence; method; reasoning; rule; regard ratiocinatio, reasoning; a form of argument, ratiocinationis F syllogism ratiocinor, ratiocinari, compute, calculate; argue, infer, ratiocinatus sum conclude raucus, rauca, raucum hoarse; husky; raucous ravim, ACC of ravis hoarseness reatus, reatus M accusation, charge; state/ condition of being accused; dress of accused rebellio, rebellionis F rebellion rebellis, rebellis M rebellis, rebellis N rebellis, rebellis, rebelle insurgent, rebellious rebello, rebellare, revolt rebellavi, rebellatus recapitulo, recapitulare, recapitulate, go over the main recapitulavi, points again recapitulatus recedo, recedere, recede, go back, withdraw, ebb; recessi, recessus retreat; retire; move/ keep/ pass/ slip away recenseo, recensere, review/ examine/ survey/ muster; recensui, recensitus enumerate/ count, make census/ roll; pass in review receptaculum, receptacle; place of refuge, shelter receptaculi N recessus, recessus M retreat, recess recido, recidere, recidi, cut back/ off, prune; cut away; get recisus by cutting; curtail recipio, recipere, recepi, keep back; recover; undertake; receptus guarantee; accept, take in; take back reciprocatio, -onis F reciprocation, reciprocating action; returning reciproco, reciprocare, move backwards and forwards; (w/ reciprocavi, animam) to breathe reciprocatus reciprocus, -a, -um going backwards and forwards; ebbing reclamo, reclamare, cry out in protest at reclamavi, reclamatus reconciliatio, renewal, re-establishment, reconciliationis F reconciliation; restoration; reuniting reconcilio, reconciliare, restore; reconcile reconciliavi, reconciliatus recondo, recondere, hide, conceal recondidi, reconditus recordatio, recollection recordationis F recordor, recordari, think over; call to mind, remember recordatus sum recreo, recreare, restore, revive recreavi, recreatus recte ADV vertically; rightly, correctly, properly, well rectio, rectionis F government rector, rectoris M guide, director, helmsman; horseman; driver; leader, ruler, governor retus, -a, -um; rectior, right, proper; straight; honest rectissimus (pp rego) recumbo, recumbere, recline, lie at ease, sink/ lie/ settle recubui, — back/ down; recline at table recupero, recuperare, regain, restore, restore to health; recuperavi, recuperatus refresh, recuperate recurro, recurrere, run or hasten back; return; have recurri, recursus recourse recutitus, -a, -um skinned again, re-skinnable; related to sexul intercourse redamo, -are, —, — love back reddo, reddere, reddidi, return; restore; deliver; hand over, redditus pay back, render, give back; translate redemptio, redemption, buying back, redemptionis F ransoming; deliverance redemptor, redemptoris contractor, undertaker, purveyor, M farmer; redeemer; one who buys back redeo, redire, redivi(ii), return, go back, give back; fall back reditus on, revert to; respond, pay back redigo, redigere, redegi, drive back; reduce; render redactus redimo, redimere, buy back, recover, redeem, replace redemi/ redimi, by purchase; buy up; make good, redemptus fulfill redintegro, renew; revive redintegrare, redintegravi, redintegratus reduco, reducere, lead back, bring back; restore; reduxi, reductus reduce redundo, redundare, overflow; be too numerous redundavi, redundatus refercio, refercire, fill up, stuff/ cram full; pack close, referta, refertis refersi, refertus condense, mass together refero, referre, retuli, bring/ carry back/ again/ home; relatus move/ draw/ force back, withdraw; go back, return reficio, reficere, refeci, rebuild, repair, restore refectus reflecto, reflectere, bend back; turn back; turn round reflexi, reflexus refocillatio, refreshment; reinvigoration refocillationis F refocillo, refocillare, revive, revivify; warm to life again; refocillavi, refocillatus relieve reformatio, transformation; Reformation reformationis F reformido, reformidare, dread; shun; shrink from; recoil at reformidavi, the sight of reformidatus reformo, reformare, transform, remold; form; restore reformavi, reformatus refragor, refragari, oppose; act to disadvantage of; act refragatus sum counter to, mitigate refrigerium, refrigeri(i) rest; relief; cool period; cooling; N consolation, mitigation refrigesco, refrigescere, grow cold, cool down refrixi, — refugio, refugere, refugi, flee back; run away, escape — refugium, refugi(i) N refuge refulgeo, refulgere, flash back, reflect light; shine refulsi, — brightly; gleam, glitter, glisten; refundo, refundere, pour back refudi, refusus refuto, refutare, check; refute refutavi, refutatus regeneratio, -onis F regeneration; being born again; regeneratus, -a, -um reborn regia, -ae F palace, court regina, reginae F queen regio, regionis F area, region; neighborhood; district, country; direction regius, regia, regium royal, of a king, regal regno, regnare, regnavi, reign, rule; be king; play the lord, be regnatus master regnum, regni N royal power; power; control; kingdom rego, regere, rexi, rectus rule, guide; manage, direct regula, regulae F ruler, straight edge; basic principle, rule, standard; rod/ bar/ rail reiicio, reiicere, reieci, throw back; drive back; repulse, reiectus repel; refuse, reject, scorn reintegratus, -a, -um renewed, revived (redintegratus) relabor, relabi, relapsus fall back, vanish sum relativus, relativa, relative; referring; having relativum reference/ relation relaxo, relaxare, loosen, widen; relax relaxavi, relaxatus religio, religionis F supernatural constraint/ taboo; obligation; sanction; worship; rite; sanctity religiose, reliosior, with reverence for the gods, religosissime ADV reverentially, piously, religiously; conscientiously, scrupulously, punctually, exactly religiosus, -a, -um; pious/ devout/ religious/ religiosior, scrupulous; superstitious; taboo/ religiosissimus sacred; reverent/ devout relinquo, relinquere, leave behind, abandon; be left, reliqui, relictus remain; bequeath reliquus, reliqua, rest of/ remaining/ available/ left; reliquum surviving; future/ further; yet to be/ owed reluceo, relucere, reluxi, shine out — reluctor, reluctari, resist, struggle against, make reluctatus sum opposition remedium, remedi(i) N remedy, cure; medicine rememoro, -are, -avi, - remember back, remember again rememoretur atus pres. pass. subj. remigro, remigrare, move back; return remigravi, remigratus remissio, remissionis F sending back/ away, returning, releasing; abating; forgiveness; remiss remitto, remittere, end back, remit; throw back, relax, remisi, remissuss diminish remollesco, become soft again; grow soft remollescere, —, — remoror, remorari, delay remoratus sum remotus, -a, -um; remote, removed, withdrawn; freed remotior, remotissimus from removeo, removere, move back; put away; withdraw; removi, remotus remove remugio, remugire, —, bellow back, moo in reply; resound — remunero, remunerare, reward, recompense, remunerate remuneravi, remuneratus renascentia, -ae F rebirth renascor, renasci, be born again, be renewed, be renatus sum revived renovatio, renovationis renewal, renewing, refinancing; F renovation renovo, renovare, renew, restore; revive renovavi, renovatus renuntio, renuntiare, report, announce; reject renuntiavi, renuntiatus reor, reri, ratus sum think, regard; deem; suppose, believe, reckon repandus, repanda, spread out, flattened back repandum reparo, reparare, prepare again; renew, revive reparavi, reparatus repello, repellere, drive/ push/ thrust back/ away; repuli, repulsus repel/ rebuff/ spurn; fend off; exclude/ bar; refute repentinus, repentina, sudden, hasty; unexpected repentinum reperio, reperire, discover, learn; light on; find/ repperi, repertus obtain/ get; find out/ to be, get to know; invent repeto, repetere, return to; get back; demand back/ repetivi, repetitus again; repeat; recall; claim repleo, replere, replevi, fill again; complete, fill repletus replico, replicare, turn/ fold/ bend back; unroll; replicavi, replicatus unwind; go over and over repo, repere, repsi, creep, crawl reptus repono, reponere, put back; restore; store; repeat reposui, repositus repraesento, -are, -avi, - represent, depict; show, exhibit, atus display; manifest; pay down, pay in cash reprehendo, hold back, seize, catch; blame reprehendere, reprehendi, reprehensus reprehensibilis, -is, -e; reprehensible, blameworthy, open reprehensibilior, to censure reprehensibilissimus reprehensio, blame/ reprimand/ criticism; reprehensionis F censuring/ finding fault; refutation; self-correction reprobus, reproba, base, rejected; rejected/ condemned reprobum as below standard repromissio, formal promise/ guarantee/ repromissionis F undertaking repudio, repudiare, reject; repudiate; scorn repudiavi, repudiatus repugno, repugnare, fight back, oppose; be incompatible repugnavi, repugnatus with; disagree with reputo, reputare, think over, reflect reputavi, reputatus requies, requietis F rest (from labor), respite; intermission, pause, break; amusement requiesco, requiescere, quiet down; rest; end requievi, requietus requiro, requirere, require, seek, ask for; need; miss, requisivi, requisitus pine for res, rei F thing; event/ affair/ business; fact; cause; property resarcio, resarcire, restore, make good; mend, repair resarsi, resartus rescindo, rescindere, cut out; cut down, destroy; annul; rescidi, rescissus rescind resero, reserare, open up, unseal, unbar, unfasten; reseravi, reseratus make accessible; uncover, expose reservo, reservare, reserve; spare; hold on to reservavi, reservatus resideo, residere, resedi, sit down/ on/ in; settle; be perched; resessus remain seated/ idle/ fixed/ in place; squat resigno, resignare, unseal; open; resign resignavi, resignatus resilio, resilire, resilui, leap or spring back; recoil; rebound; — shrink resipiscentia, -ae F a change of mind, reformation, repentance resipisco, resipiscere, become reasonable again; recover/ resipui, — come to the senses, come to, revive, recover resisto, resistere, restiti, pause; continue; resist, oppose; — reply; withstand, stand; make a stand respectus, respectus M looking back; refuge, regard, consideration respicio, respicere, look back at; gaze at; consider; respexi, respectus respect; care for, provide for respondeo, respondere, answer respondi, responsus respublica, reipublicae republic, commonwealth; the state, F nation respuo, respuere, reject, spit, spew out; turn away, respui, — repel; reject, spurn, refuse restinguo, restinguere, extinguish, quench, put out; restinxi, restinctus exterminate, destroy; assuage, allay, mitigate restituo, restituere, restore; revive; bring back; make restitui, restitutus good resto, restare, restiti, — stand firm; stay behind; be left, be left over; remain resurgo, resurgere, rise/ appear again; rare up again, resurrexi, resurrectus lift oneself, be restored/ rebuilt, revive retalio, -are, -avi, -atus make amends by an equivalent punishment reticulum, reticuli N small net; small mesh bag; hair net; type of undergarment; network retineo, retinere, hold back, restrain; uphold; delay; retinui, retentus hold fast; retain, preserve retorqueo, retorquere, twist back; cast back; fling back; retorsi, retortus turn aside retraho, retrahere, draw back, withdraw; make known retraxi, retractus again, divert; bring back retribuo, retribuere, hand back duly; recompense; retribui, retributus render; reward retro ADV backwards, back, to the rear; behind, on the back side; back, formerly retrorsum ADV back, backwards; in reverse order reus, rea, reum liable to; guilty revelo, revelare, show; reveal revelavi, revelatus revera ADV in fact; in reality, actually reverentia, reverentiae respect, deference, restraint; awe, F reverence; shyness, felling of misgiving revereor, revereri, respect, stand in awe of, honor, fear; reveritus sum reverence, revere, venerate revertor, reverti, turn back, go back, return; recur reversus sum revivisco, reviviscere, come to life again, revive revivixi, — revivo, revivere, revixi, live again revictus revoco, revocare, call back, recall; revive; regain revocavi, revocatus revolvo, revolvere, throw back, roll back revolvi, revolutus revomo, revomere, vomit up again, spew out revomui, — rex, regis M king rhamnum [ramnum] N bramble, buckthorn like rictus, rictus M jaws; open mouth rideo, ridere, risi, risus laugh at, laugh; ridicule ridicule ADV amusingly, w/ humor; absurdly, laughably, ridiculously ridiculus, ridicula, laughable, funny, comic, amusing; ridiculum absurd, silly, ridiculous rigo, rigare, rigavi, moisten, wet, water, irrigate rigatus rigor, rigoris M stiffness, rigidity, coldness, numbness, hardness; inflexibility; severity rimor, rimari, rimatus probe, search; rummage about for, sum examine, explore rimosus, rimosa, full of cracks or fissures rimosum ripa, ripae F bank risus, risus M laughter rite ADV duly, according to religious usage, with due observance; solemnly; well ritus, ritus M rite; ceremony rivulus, rivuli M rivulet, rill, small brook rivus, rivi M stream rixa, rixae F violent or noisy quarrel, brawl, dispute rixor, rixari, rixatus sum quarrel violently, brawl, dispute robur, roboris N oak; tough core; resolve/ purpose robustus, -a, -um; of oak; hard/ firm/ solid; hardy/ robustior, robust/ durable, able to resist robustissimus change; valiant rogo, rogare, rogavi, ask, ask for; invite; introduce rogatus romanus, romana, Roman romanum rota, rotae F wheel roto, rotare, rotavi, whirl round; revolve, rotate rotatus rubicundus, rubicunda, suffused with red, ruddy rubicundum rudis, rudis, rude; undeveloped, rough, wild; coarse rudior, rudissimus rudimentum i N first lessons, early training ruina, ruinae F fall; catastrophe; collapse, destruction rumor, rumoris M hearsay, rumor, gossip; reputation; shouting rumpo, rumpere, rupi, break; destroy ruptus rursum and rursus ADV turned back, backward; on the contrary/ other hand, in return, in turn, again sabbatum, sabbati N Sabbath; Saturday; Sunday; festival/ feast day sacer, sacra, sacrum sacred, holy, consecrated; accursed, horrible, detestable sacerdos, sacerdotis priest, priestess sacerdotium, priesthood; benefice/ living sacerdoti(i) N sacramentum, deposited in a civil process, sacramenti N sum guaranty; oath of allegiance; sacrament sacratus, -a, -um hallowed, holy, sacred sacrificium, sacrifici(i) sacrifice, offering to a deity N sacrilegium, sacrilegi(i) sacrilege; robbery of sacred N property sacrum, sacri N sacrifice; sacred vessel; religious rites (pl.) sacrosanctus, consecrated by religious ceremony, sacrosancta, sacred, inviolable, most holy; sacrosanctum venerable saepe, saepius, often, oft, many times, frequently saepissime saepenumero repeatedly; on many occasions saevio, saevire, saevivi, rage; rave, bluster; be/ act angry/ saevitus violent/ ferocious; vent rage on saevitia, saevitiae F rage, fierceness, ferocity; cruelty, barbarity, violence saevus, saeva, -um; savage; fierce/ ferocious; violent/ saevior, saevissimus wild/ raging; cruel, harsh, severe; vehement sagax, sagacis keen-scented; acute, sharp, perceptive saginarium, saginarii N a feeding stall sagino, -are, -avi, -atus to fatten, to nourish sagitta, sagittae F arrow sal, salis M salt; wit salebrosus, salebrosa, rugged, rough salebrosum salio, salire, salui, saltus leap, jump; move suddenly/ spasmodically, twitch saliva, salivae F spittle; distinctive flavor Salomon, Salomonis M King Solomon, reigned c. 970–931 BCE; thought to have produced the Proverbs of Solomon and Ecclesiasticus saltem ADV (also salto, at least, anyhow, in all events; (on to -are) more practical idea); even, so much as salto, saltare, saltavi, dance, jump; portray or represent in saltatus a dance saltus, saltus M (pp leap, spring, jump; stage, step; salio) narrow passage (forest/ mountain); woodland with glades (pl.) saluber, salubris, -e, healthy, salubrious; salutary, salubrior, saluberrimus beneficial; in good condition; wholesome salus, salutis F health; prosperity; good wish; greeting; salvation, safety salutare, salutaris N salvation salutaris, -is, -e healthful, wholesome, beneficial; saving; of salvation salutifer, salutifera, healing, salubrious; saving; salutary salutiferum saluto, salutare, greet; wish well; visit; hail, salute salutavi, salutatus salvator, salvatoris M savior salvo, salvare, salvavi, save salvatus salvus, salva, salvum well, unharmed, sound; alive; safe, saved Samaritanus, Samaritan, of/ pertaining to Samaritana, Samaria Samaritanum Samnites Samnites, an ancient Italic people sancio, sancire, sanxi, confirm, ratify; sanction; fulfill; sanctus/ sancitus enact; ordain; dedicate sanctificatio, holiness; holy mystery; sanctuary sanctificationis F sanctifico, sanctificare, sanctify, treat as holy sanctificavi, sanctificatus sanctimonia, sanctity, sacredness; purity, sanctimoniae F chastity, virtue sanctio, sanctionis F law/ ordinance/ sanction/ degree; binding clause; penal sanction against violation sanctitas, sanctitatis F inviolability, sanctity, moral purity, virtue, piety, purity, holiness sanctus, sancta, -um; consecrated, sacred, inviolable; sanctior, sanctissimus venerable, august, divine, holy, pious, just sane ADV reasonably, sensibly; certainly, truly; however; surely, yes, of course sanguinarius, of blood; bloodthirsty, savage sanguinaria, sanguinarium sanguis, sanguinis M blood; family sano, sanare, sanavi, cure, heal; correct; quiet sanatus sanus, sana, sanum; sound; healthy; sensible; sober; sanior, sanissimus sane saphyrus (saphirrus), i sapphire F sapiens, sapientis rational; sane, of sound mind; wise, sapientior, judicious, understanding; discreet sapientissimus sapienter wisely, sensibly sapientia, sapientiae F wisdom; judgment/ understanding; reason sapio, sapere, sapivi, — taste of; understand; have sense sarcina, sarcinae F pack, bundle, soldier's kit; baggage, belongings, chattels; load, burden Sardanapalus Sardanapulus, legendary king of Assyria, known as self-indulgent sardonicus, risus risus sardonicus: a rictus grin Sarmata, Sarmatae M Sarmatian; people from south Russia/ Iran sarmentum, sarmenti N shoot; twigs, cut twigs, brushwood sat ADV enough, adequately; sufficiently; well enough, quite; fairly, pretty Satanas, Satanae M Satan, the Devil; adversary satellitium, satellitii N escort; guard, protection satio, satiare, satiavi, satisfy, sate; nourish satiatus satio, sationis F sowing, planting; field satis ADV enough, adequately; sufficiently; well enough, quite; fairly, pretty satisfacio, satisfacere, satisfy; make amends; apologize, satisfeci, satisfactus excuse; satisfy a claim; compensate; suffice satisfactio, satisfactionis penalty; satisfaction for an offense F satius ADV (COMP sat) rather; preferably sator, satoris M sower, planter; founder, progenitor; originator satraps, satrapis M governor; viceroy; satrap Saul, Saulis M Saul; King of Israel, reigned c. 1037- 1010 BCE saxeus, saxea, saxeum rocky, stony, made of stones saxum, saxi N stone scabricie, -ae F roughness, itch, scab (scabritie) scandalum, scandali N temptation/ inducement to sin; cause of offense; stumbling block; scandal scato, scatere, —, — gush out, bubble, spring forth; swarm, be alive scaturigo, scaturiginis F bubbling spring sceleratus, -a, -um; criminal, wicked; accursed; lying sceleratior, under a ban; sinful, atrocious, sceleratissimus heinous scelero, scelerare, defile sceleravi, sceleratus sceleste, scelestius, wickedly scelestissime scelestus, -a, -um; infamous, wicked; accursed scelestior, scelestissimus scelus, sceleris N crime; calamity; wickedness, sin, evil deed scena, scenae F theater stage, "boards"; scene; a theater; public stage/ view, publicity schema, schematis N shape, figure, form scholium, scholii N note scienter, scientius, skillfully, expertly; consciously, scientissime knowingly scientia, scientiae F knowledge, science; skill scilicet one may know, certainly; of course scindo, scindere, scidi, tear, split, divide; rend, cut to scissus pieces; tear in rage/ grief/ despair scio, scire, scivi(ii), know, understand scitus scirpus, scirpi marsh plant, bulrush; riddle scopa, scopae F* butcher's broom; branches/ sprigs tied together; broom scopo, scopere, —, —* probe; look into; search; scope out; sweep scopulus, scopuli M rock, boulder scopus, i, M goal, target cf. Italian scopare: to copulate, 3 Index entries scoria, scoriae F slag, dross scortatio, scortationes F frequenting whores scortor, scortari, consort with harlots/ prostitutes; scortatus sum act like a harlot/ promiscuously scortum, scorti N harlot, prostitute; male prostitute; skin, hide scriba, scribae M scribe, clerk scribo, scribere, scripsi, write; compose scriptus scrinium, scrini(i) N box, case scriptio, -onis F act of writing; piece of writing, receipt, inscription scriptor, scriptoris M writer, author; scribe scrutor, scrutari, search/ probe/ examine carefully/ scrutatus sum thoroughly; explore/ scan/ scrutinize/ investigate Scytha, -ae Scythian: ancient people of Central Eurasia secedo, secedere, withdraw; rebel; secede secessi, secessus secerno, secernere, separate secrevi, secretus secius (and secus) otherwise, none the less secludo, secludere, shut off seclusi, seclusus seco, secare, secui, cut, sever; decide; divide in two/ sectus halve/ split; slice/ chop/ cut up/ carve secor, seci, secutus sum follow; escort/ attend/ accompany; aim at/ reach after/ strive for/ make for/ seek secretus, -a, -um; separate, apart; private, secret; secretius ADV secretior, secretissimus remote; hidden secta, sectae (pp of sect; a trodden way, manner, seco) method, party, side, faction, doctrine, school, sectator, -oris M follower sector, sectari, sectatus follow continually; pursue; pursue sum with punishment; hunt out; run after seculum, seculi N world/ universe; secular/ temporal/ earthly/ worldly affairs/ cares/ temptation secum = cum se (also secum, seci N suet) securitas, securitatis F freedom from care; carelessness; safety, security securus, -a, -um; secure, safe, untroubled, free from securior, securissimus care secus ADV (also PREP otherwise; differently, in another w/ ACC) way; contrary to what is right/ expected secus N indecl. sex sed but, but also; yet; however, but in fact/ truth; not to mention; yes but sedatus, sedata, calm, untroubled; quiet sedatum sedeo, sedere, sedi, sit, remain; settle; encamp sessus sedes, sedis F seat; home, residence; settlement, habitation; chair seditio, seditionis F sedition, riot, strife, rebellion sedo, sedare, sedavi, settle, allay; restrain; calm down sedatus seduco, seducere, lead away, lead apart; lead astray, seduxi, seductus seduce seductio, seductionis F leading aside; separation; leading astray; seduction seductor, seductoris M seducer sedulitas, sedulitatis F assiduity, painstaking attention sedulus, sedula, attentive, painstaking, sedulous sedulum segnis, segne, segnior, slow, sluggish, torpid, inactive; segnissimus slothful, unenergetic; slow moving, slow segniter, segnitius, half-heartedly; without spirit/ segnitissime energy, feebly segnities, segnitiei / sloth, sluggishness, inertia; segnicies F weakness, feebleness; disinclination for action segrego, segregare, remove, separate segregavi, segregatus seipse, seipsa, seipsum he himself, she herself, it itself; they themselves seiungo, seiungere, separate; exclude seiunxi, seiunctus selectio, selectionis F choosing out, selection; seligo, seligere, selegi, select, choose, pick out; weed out selectus sella, sellae F seat, stool, chair; chair of magistrate/ office/ teacher semel once, on one occasion semen, seminis N seed semetipse, semetipsa, himself, she herself, it itself; they semetipsum themselves semihomo, half-man, half-human semihominis M semita, semitae F path semoveo, semovere, separate, set aside; remove, set semovi, semotus apart, isolate semper always sempiternus, perpetual/ everlasting/ permanent/ sempiterna, eternal; lasting forever/ for relevant sempiternum period senectus, senectutis F old age; extreme age; senility; old men; gray hairs; shed snake skin senex, senis; senior aged, old sene ABL senilis, senilis, senile senile, aged senior, senioris M older man, senior sensatus, sensata, intelligent sensatum sensus, sensus M feeling, sense sententia, sententiae F opinion, feeling, way of thinking; thought, meaning, sentence/ period; purpose sentio, sentire, sensi, perceive, feel, experience; think, sensus realize, see, understand separatim apart, separately separatio, separationis separation; division; severing F separo, separare, divide, distinguish; separate separavi, separatus sepelio, sepelire, bury/ inter; submerge, overcome; sepelivi, sepultus suppress; ruin sepes, sepis F hedge; fence; anything planted/ erected to form surrounding barrier sepono, seponere, put away from one; disregard; seposui, sepositus isolate; reserve septem, septimus, 7; 7 times, on 7 occasions septeni, septie(n)s septiformis, septiformis, sevenfold septiforme sepulchrum, sepulchri grave, tomb N sequens, sequentis following, next sequestro, sequestrare, sequestrate, place/ surrender into sequestravi, hands of trustee; separate, remove sequestratus sequor, sequi, secutus follow; escort/ attend/ accompany; sum aim at/ reach after/ strive for/ make for/ seek serenus, serena, clear, fair, bright; serene, tranquil; serenum cheerful, glad series, seriei F row, series, secession, chain, train, sequence, order serius, seria, serium serious, grave sermo, sermonis M conversation, discussion; rumor; diction; speech; talk; the word sero, serere, sevi, satus sow, plant; strew, scatter, spread; cultivate; beget, bring forth serpens, serpentis C serpent, snake serpo, serpere, serpsi, crawl; move slowly on, glide; creep serptus on sero, serior, serissime late; too late; slow, tardy servans, servantis; ready to maintain servantior, servantissimus servator, servatoris M watcher, observer; preserver, savior servilis, servilis, servile servile, of slaves servio, servire, servivi, serve; be a slave to; with DAT servitus servitus, servitutis F slavery; slaves; servitude servo, servare, servavi, watch over; protect, store, keep, servatus guard, preserve, save servus, servi M slave; servant sese ABL and ACC him/ her/ it/ ones-self; them selves; each other, one another seu or if severitas, severitatis F strictness, severity severus, -a, -um; stern, strict, severe; grave, austere; severior, severissimus weighty, serious; unadorned, plain sex 6 sexaginta, sexagesimus; 60 sexageni, sexagie(n)s sexcenta, sexcentis 600 si if, if only; whether sibilo, -are, -avi, -atus hiss, hiss at sic thus, so; as follows; in another way; in such a way sica, sicae F dagger sicarius, sicari(i) M murderer, assassin siccine (alt. sicine) is it not that?, so? siccus, sicca, siccum dry sicut as, just as; like; in same way; as if; as it certainly is; as it were sigillum, sigilli N seal; statuette; embossed figure, relief; figure in tapestry/ from signet ring signaculum, signaculi N seal significatio, signal, outward sign; indication, significationis F applause; meaning; suggestion, hint significo, significare, signify, indicate, show significavi, significatus signo, signare, signavi, mark, stamp, designate, sign; seal signatus signum, signi N battle standard; indication; seal; sign, proof; signal; image, statue silentium, silenti(i) N silence sileo, silere, silui, — be silent, not to speak; be quiet; not to function siliqua, siliquae F pod, husk; food for pigs similis, simile; similior, like, similar, resembling simillimus similiter similarly similitudo, similitudinis likeness, imitation; similarity, F resemblance; by-word; parable simplex, simplicis; single; simple, unaffected; plain gen. pl. simplicior, simplicium simplicissimus simplicitas, simplicitatis simplicity, candor F simpliciter, simplicius, simply/ just; w/ out complexity; simplicissime ADV candidly/ openly/ frankly; innocently; as one item simul at same time; likewise; also; simultaneously; at once simulac as soon as, the moment that simulacrum, simulacri likeness, image, statue N simulatio, simulationis pretense, deceit F simulator, -oris M one who copies or imitates; feigner simulo, simulare, imitate, copy; pretend; look like; simulavi, simulatus simulate; counterfeit; feint simultas, simultatis F enmity, rivalry; hatred sin CONJ but if; if on the contrary Sinai Sinai, mountainous region in Egypt sincerus, -a, -um; sincere, lean, pure, uninjured, sincerior, sincerissimus whole; candid, genuine, truthful sinciput, sincipitis N half/ side of a head; smoked cheek of a pig; head; brain sine PREP ABL; (also without; (sometimes after object); imperat. sino) lack singulus, singula, apiece; every; one each/ at a time; singulum individual/ separate/ single; several sinister, sinistra, -um; left, improper, adverse; sinistrior, sinistimus inauspicious sino, sinere, sivi, situs allow, permit sinuosus, sinuosa, characterized by bending, winding; sinuosum sinuous; full of folds/ recesses sinus, sini M bowl for serving wine, etc. sinus, sinus M curved or bent surface; bending, curve, fold; bosom, lap; bay Sion Zion siquidem accordingly; if indeed/ in fact/ it is possible, even supposing; since/ in that sisto, sistere, stiti, status stop, check; cause to stand; set up situs, situs M situation, position, site; structure; neglect, disuse, stagnation; mold situs, -a, -um positioned, stored, situated, centered on sitio, sitire, sitivi, — be thirsty sive or if; or soboles, sobolis F shoot, sucker; race; offspring; progeny sobrius, sobria, sobrium sober societas, societatis F society; alliance/ partnership; trading company; fellowship, communion socordia, socordiae F sluggishness, torpor, inaction socors, socordis sluggish, inactive sodalitas, sodalitatis F association; religious fraternity; electioneering gang; guild sodes if you do not mind, please Sodoma, -ae F (also place name, biblical Sodoma, Sodomorum N pl.) sol, solis M sun solatium, solati(i) N comfort, solace; relief in sorrow/ misfortune; source of comfort/ consolation solemnis, solemne, solemn, ceremonial, sacred, in solemnior, accordance w/ religion/ law; solemnissimus traditional/ customary soleo, solere, solitus be in the habit of; become sum accustomed to solers (sollers), solertis; clever, dexterous, adroit, expert, solertior, solertissimus skilled, ingenious, accomplished sollicito, sollicitare, disturb, worry; stir up, arouse, sollicitavi, sollicitatus agitate, incite sollicitudo, anxiety, concern, solicitude; sollicitudinis solidus, solida, -um; solid; same material throughout, solidior, solidissimus unalloyed; not hollow; dense; unbroken/ whole solitus, solita, solitum usual, customary solitarius, solitaria, solitary, living/ acting on one's own; solitariums single; without companion; sole solitum, soliti N custom, habit solitudo, solitudinis F solitude, loneliness; deprivation; wilderness Solomon, Solomonis King Solomon, reigned c. 970–931 (also Salomon) BCE solor, solari, solatus solace, console, comfort; soothe, sum ease, lighten, relieve, assuage, mitigate solummodo only/ just/ merely/ barely/ alone solus, sola, solum (gen. only, single; lonely; alone, having no -ius) companion/ friend/ protector; unique solvo, solvere, solvi, loosen, release, unbind, untie, free; solutus open; set sail; scatter; pay off/ back somnio, somniare, dream; dream of or see in a dream somniavi, somniatus somnium, somni(i) N dream, vision; fantasy, day-dream somnus, somni M sleep sono, sonere, sonui, make a noise/ sound; speak/ utter, sonitus emit sound; be spoken of; express/ denote sonus, soni M noise, sound sophistes, sophistae M sophist; rhetorician sordes, sordis F filth, dirt, uncleanness, squalor; meanness, stinginess; humiliation, baseness sordesceo, sordescere, become dirty; grow wild; be mean sordescui, sordescitus sordidus, sordida, -um; dirty, unclean, foul, filthy; vulgar, sordidior, sordidissimus sordid; low, base, mean, paltry; vile Sorech Sorek, valley in Palestine sors, sortis F lot, fate; oracular response sortior, sortiri, sortitus cast or draw lots; obtain by lot; sum appoint by lot; choose sospes, sospitis ADJ safe and sound; auspicious spargo, spargere, sparsi, scatter, strew, sprinkle; spot sparsus spatior, spatiari, walk; take a walk, promenade; spatiatus sum spread spatium, spati(i) N space; area/ expanse, room; intervening space, gap/ interval; length/ width specialis, specialis, specific, particular, individual, speciale special; derivative, as species species, speciei F sight, appearance, show; splendor, beauty; kind, type specimen, speciminis N mark, proof; idea; model spectaculum, spectaculi show, spectacle; spectators' seats N spectator, spectatoris M spectator specto, spectare, observe, watch, look at, see; test; spectavi, spectatus consider speculatio, speculationis watching; inspection/ scrutiny; F consideration; speculation speculator, speculatoris spy, scout M speculor, speculari, watch, observe; spy out; examine, speculatus sum explore speculum, speculi N mirror, looking glass, reflector; copy, imitation spelunca, speluncae F cave sperno, spernere, scorn, despise, spurn sprevi, spretus spero, sperare, speravi, hope for; trust; look forward to; speratus hope spes, spei F hope/ anticipation/ expectation; prospect/ hope/ promise Spes, Spei F Spes, goddess of hope; hope personified spiculum, spiculi N sting; javelin; arrow; sharp point of a weapon spina, spinae F thorn/ spine/ prickle; spike; thornbush; blackthorn spiritualis, spiritualis, spiritual, of the spirit; of breathing; spirituale to wind/ air; kind of wind instrument spiritualiter spiritually spiritus, spiritus M breath, breathing, air, soul, life spiro, spirare, spiravi, breathe; blow; live; breathe out; spiratus exhale; breathe the spirit of spissus, spissa, spissum thick, dense, crowded splendidus, splendida, splendid, glittering splendidum splendor, splendoris M brilliance, luster, sheen; magnificence, spolio, spoliare, rob, strip; despoil, plunder; deprive spoliavi, spoliatus spolium, spoli(i) N spoils, booty; skin, hide spondeo, spondere, promise, give pledge/ undertaking/ spopondi, sponsus surety; contract to give/ take in marriage spons, spontis F free will spontaneus, spontanea, of one's own will; voluntary; spontaneum spontaneous spurcus, -a, -um; dirty, foul; morally polluted also spurcissimus conspurcatus spurius, spurii M bastard, son of an unknown father; squalor, squaloris M squalor, filth stabilis, stabilis, stabile stable; steadfast stadium, stadi(i) N stade: Greek measure of distance; race course stagnum, stagni N alloy of sliver and lead; tin statim ADV at once, immediately statio, stationis F outpost, picket; station; watch status, status M position, situation, condition; rank; standing, status statua, statuae F statue; image statuo, statuere, statui, set up, establish, set, place, build; statutus decide, think stemma, stemmatis N garland, chaplet; a genealogical tree stercoro, stercorare, void excrement, defecate stercoravi, stercoratus stercorosus, stercorosa, well-manured stercorosum stercus, stercoris M filth, manure sterilesco, sterilescere, to grow unfruitful, barren, or sterile —, — stibium, stibii N antimony; stibium/ sulphuret of antimony stigma, stigmatis N mark tattooed on runaway slaves/ criminals; reproduction of Christ's wounds stillo, stillare, stillavi, fall in drops; drip; cause to drip; stillatus pour in drops stilus, stili M stylus, pencil, iron pen; column, pillar stimulo, stimulare, urge forward with a goad, sting; stimulavi, stimulatus incite, rouse to frenzy stimulus, stimuli M spur/ goad; trap/ spike in earth; prick/ sting/ cause of torment/ torture instrument stipendium, stipendi(i) tribute, stipend; pay, wages; N military service stipes, stipitis M post, stake stiva, stivae F plow handle sto, stare, steti, status stand, stand still, stand firm; remain, rest stolidus, stolida, -um; dull, stupid, insensible; brutish; stolidior, stolidissimus inert stomachor, stomachari, be angry, boil with rage stomachatus sum stomachus, stomachi M gullet; stomach; annoyance; ill- temper stragulatus, -a, -um covering, cloaking strepitus, strepitus M noise, racket; sound; din, crash, uproar; strepo, strepere, strepui, make a loud noise; shout strepitus* confusedly; resound strictim so as to graze; superficially, slightly, summarily strictus, -a, -um; tight, close, strait, drawn together strictior, strictissimus stringo, stringere, draw tight; draw; graze; strip off strinxi, strictus structura, structurae F building, construction; structure strues, struis F heap, pile; row of sacrificial cakes struo, struere, struxi, build, construct structus struthio, struthionis M ostrich studeo, studere, studui, desire, be eager for; busy oneself — with; strive studiose, studiosius, eagerly, zealously, studiously, studiosissime ardently, earnestly, attentively, assiduously studiosus, studiosa, - eager, keen, full of zeal; studious; um; studiosior, devoted to, fond of studiosissimus studium, studi(i) N eagerness, enthusiasm, zeal, spirit; devotion, pursuit, study stultitia, stultitiae F folly, stupidity stultus, -a, -um; stultior, foolish, stupid stultissimus stupendus, -a,-um; stupendous, astonishing stupendissimus stupeo, stupere, stupui, be astounded — stupiditas, stupiditatis F dullness, senselessness stupidus, stupida, senseless, stunned; stupid, dull stupidum stupor, stuporis M numbness, torpor; stupefaction; stupidity stuprum, stupri N dishonor, shame; sexual intercourse stylus, styli M stylus, pencil, iron pen; column, pillar suadeo, suadere, suasi, urge, recommend; suggest; induce; suasus propose, persuade, advise suapte by its/ her/ his own suasor, suasoris M adviser, counselor suavis, suave; suavior, agreeable, pleasant, gratifying, suavissimus sweet; charming, attractive suavitas, suavitatis F charm, attractiveness; sweetness suaviter pleasantly, sweetly sub w/ ABL and ACC under, beneath, behind; within (time); under, up to, up under, close to; until subaudio, subaudire, understand, supply a word; hear a subaudivi, subauditus little subdo, subdere, subdidi, place under, apply; supply subditus subdubius, -a, um somewhat doubtful subdubito, -are, -avi, - to be a little doubtful or undecided, atus to have some hesitation subeo, subire, subivi(ii), go/ move/ pass/ sink/ extend subitus underneath/ into; climb/ come/ go up, ascend; steal in on subicio/ subiicio, throw under, place under; make subicere, subieci, subject; expose subiectus subigo, subigere, subegi, conquer, subjugate; compel subactus subinde ADV immediately after, thereupon; constantly, repeatedly subintro, subintrare, go into secretly, enter by stealth subintravi, subintratus subito ADV suddenly, unexpectedly; at once, at short notice, quickly subiugo, subiugare, subjugate, make subject; bring subiugavi, subiugatus under the yoke subiungo, subiungere, join with, unite; subdue, subject subiunxi, subiunctus sublatatus, -a, -um (sub lift, raise; destroy; remove, steal; + tollo, tollere) take/ lift up/ away; elated sublevo, sublevare, lift up, raise; support; assist; lighten sublevavi, sublevatus sublimis, sublime, high, lofty; eminent, exalted, sublimior, elevated; in high position sublimissimus sublimitas, sublimitatis height; high/ elevated place; sense F of exaltation; sublimity subministro, supply, furnish, afford subministrare, subministravi, subministratus subnixus, subnixa, relying on; elated by subnixum subobscurus, somewhat obscure subobscura, subobscurum subsidium, subsidi(i) N help, relief; reinforcement subsistentia. -ae F substance; halting, resting subsisto, subsistere, halt, stand; cause to stop substiti, — substantia, substantiae nature; substance, resources, wealth F subsum, subesse, be under discussion/ close at hand subfui, sub futurus as a reserve, be near subterraneus, subterranean, underground subterranea, subterraneum subtraho, subtrahere, carry off; take away; subtract subtraxi, subtractus subvenio, subvenire, come to help, assist; rescue subveni, subventus subverto, subvertere, overturn, cause to topple; subverti, subversus overthrow, destroy, subvert succedo, succedere, climb; advance; follow; succeed in successi, successus succendo, succendere, set on fire succendi, succensus succenseo, -censere, - sub + think/ suppose, judge succenseant censui, -censitus successor, successoris successor M succido, succidere, cut down; cut from below, undercut; succidi, succisus carve out underside; kill as 2nd offering succingo, succingere, gather up with a belt or girdle; succinxi, succinctus prepare for action; surround succino, succinere, —, — sing to, accompany; chime in succumbo, succumbere, sink/ fall/ lie/ break down; succubui, succubitus succumb/ collapse; suffer/ concede defeat succurro, succurrere, run to the aid of, help succurri, succursus succus, succi M juice, sap; moisture; drink/ draught, potion, medicinal liquor; vitality/ spirit sudo, sudare, sudavi, sweat, perspire sudatus sudor, sudoris M sweat; hard labor suffero, sufferre, sustuli, bear, endure, suffer sublatus sufficio, sufficere, be sufficient, suffice; stand up to; be suffeci, suffectus capable/ qualified; provide, appoint suffigo, suffigere, fix/ fasten/ attach/ affix (to top); (as suffixi, suffixus punishment); crucify; fix/ insert below suffoco, -are, -avi, -atus strangle, choke, suffocate suffulcio, suffulcire, underprop, keep from falling suffulsi, suffultus suffundo, suffundere, pour in/ on; cause to well up to suffudi, suffusus surface; cover/ fill with liquid that wells up suggero, suggerere, suggest, furnish suggessi, suggestus suggestio, suggestionis supplying an answer to one's own F question; suggestion, hint; addition sugo, sugere, suxi, suck, imbibe, take in suctus summe ADV in the highest degree; intensely; superlatively well, consummately summitto, summittere, emit, put forth, raise; lower, summisi, summissus moderate, relieve; submit summula, -ae F diminutive of summa: sum; essence, chief point summus, summa, highest, the top of; greatest; last; summum the end of sumo, sumere, sumpsi, take up; begin; suppose, assume; sumptus select; purchase; exact; obtain suo, suere, sui, sutus sew together/ up, stitch suomet = suo + -met his/ hers/ its + intensifier super PREP w/ ACC w/ ABL over (space), above, upon, and ABL in addition to; during (time); concerning; w/ ACC upon/ on; over, above, about; during (time); beyond (degree) super ADV; prefix above, on top, over; upwards; super- moreover, in addition, besides; prefix: super-: over, above, upon; from above; over and above superbe, superbius, arrogantly, proudly, haughtily; superbissime ADV superciliously superbia, superbiae F arrogance, pride, haughtiness superbus, superba, arrogant, overbearing, haughty, superbum proud superciliosus, -a, -um supercilious, disdainful supercilium, supercili(i) eyebrow; frown; arrogance N supercresco, surpass, excel; overgrow supercrescere, supercrevi, — superemineo, overtop, stand out above the level of supereminere, —, — superextendo, -ere, - to stretch over, to overstretch endi, -entum superfluus, superflua, superfluous, in excess of need; superfluum remaining after something taken; surplus superinductus, -a, -um led in from above, influenced from above superne ADV at or to a higher level, above; in the upper part; on top supernus, superna, heavenly; celestial; of the gods; supernum lofty, above; on the surface/ upper side supero, superare, overcome, conquer; survive; outdo; superavi, superatus surpass, be above, have the upper hand superstes, superstitis outliving, surviving; standing over/ near; present, witnessing superstitio, superstition; irrational religious awe superstitionis F superstitiosus, superstitious, full of unreasoning superstitiosa, religious awe superstitiosum supersum, superesse, be left over; survive; be superfluous; superfui, superfuturus remain to be done superus, supera, -um; above, high; higher, upper, of this superior, supremus world; greatest, last, highest supervacaneus, -a, -um redundant; unnecessary supervacuus, -a, -um superfluous, redundant; pointless, supervestio, to cover over, cloak supervestire, supervestivi, supervestitus supinus, supina, lying face upwards, flat on one's supinum back; turned palm upwards; flat; passive supo, supare, supavi, throw; pour; strew, scatter supatus suppar, supparis ADJ* almost equal supparus, suppari N topsail; linen garment; shawl; here: draperies suppedito, suppeditare, be/ make available as required, suppeditavi, supply with; used neutrally: to be suppeditatus fully supplied, to be at hand suppetia, suppetiae F help, aid [alt. suppetium] suppeto, suppetere, be at hand; be equal to; be sufficient suppetivi, suppetitus for, correspond to supplicatio, thanksgiving; supplication supplicationis F supplico, supplicare, pray, supplicate; humbly beseech supplicavi, supplicatus suppono, supponere, place under; substitute; suppose supposui, suppositus supporto, supportare, carry up, transport supportavi, — supra ADV and PREP on top; more; above; before, w/ ACC formerly; above, beyond, over supradico, supradicere, say in addition to; say above, say supradixi, supradictus before supremus, -a, -um greatest, last, highest (superlat. of superus) surculus, surculi M shoot, sprout surdus, surda, surdum deaf, unresponsive to what is said; falling on deaf ears; muffled, muted surgo, surgere, surrexi, rise, lift; grow surrectus sursum ADV up, on high sus, suis C swine; hog, pig, sow suscipio, suscipere, undertake; support; accept, receive, suscepi, susceptus take up suspendo, suspendere, hang up, suspend suspendi, suspensus suspicio, suspicionis F suspicion; mistrust suspiciosus, suspiciosa, feeling suspicion, suspecting; suspiciosum exciting suspicion, suspicious suspicor, suspicari, mistrust, suspect; suppose suspicatus sum suspirium, suspiri(i) N deep breath, sigh suspiro, suspirare, sigh; utter with a sigh suspiravi, suspiratus suspitiose ADV (alt suspiciously, circumspectly suspiciose) susque ADV; susque up; up and down deque sustento, sustentare, endure, hold out sustentavi, sustentatus sustineo, sustinere, support; check; put off; put up with; sustinui, sustentus sustain; hold back sustulisti (tollo, tollere, lift, raise; destroy; remove, steal; sustuli, sublatus; alt. take/ lift up/ away suffero, sufferre, sustuli, sublatus) susurro, susurrare, —, mutter, whisper, hum, buzz, — murmur sutrinus, sutrina, of a shoemaker sutrinum sylva, -ae F wood, forest sylvestris, silvestris, wooded; wild sylvestre symbolum, symboli N token/ symbol; matching objects proving identity; signet ring; warrant, permit synagoga, synagogae F synagogue; congregation syncere (sincere) sincerely, purely syncerius, syncerissime synceritas (alt. of integrity, honesty, soundness, sinceritas) physical wholeness; sincerity syncerus, -a, -um; sincere, lean, pure, uninjured, syncerior, whole; candid, genuine, truthful syncerissimus (alt. sincerus) syngrapha, syngraphae written contract/ IOU to pay the F other a specific sum synodus, synodi synod, general council; book of synodal acts/ constitutions syrenae F pl. (sirenae; sirens: dangerous creatures (in Siren, -0s/ is) Greek mythology) who lured sailors with their enchanting music Syrius, Syrii M Syrian, of Syria syrtis, syrtis F sandbank, quicksand tabella, -ae F small board; writing tablet; picture; ballot; deed (pl.), document, letter tabula, tabulae F writing tablet; records; document, deed, will; list tabum, tabi N viscous fluid consisting of putrid matter taceo, tacere, tacui, be silent; pass over in silence; leave tacitus unmentioned, be silent about something taeda, taedae F pine torch taedium, taedi(i) N weariness/ tedium/ boredom/ ennui; disgust/ aversion/ repugnance/ loathing talentum, talenti N talent, sum of money talis, talis, tale such; so great; so excellent; of such kind tam so, so much; to such an extent/ degree; nevertheless, all the same tamen ADV yet, still, nevertheless tametsi ADV even if, although, though tandem ADV finally; at last, in the end; after some time, eventually; at length tandiu [tamdiu] ADV for so long, all this time tango, tangere, tetigi, touch, strike; border on, influence; tactus mention tanquam as, just as, just as if; as it were, so to speak; as much as; so as tantillus, tantilla, so small, so small a quantity tantillum tantisper ADV for such time; for so long; for the present/ meantime; all the time tantisperdum ADV during all the time that, for as long as tantopere so much, so hard tantulus, tantula, so very small, so trifling tantulum tantummodo only, merely tantundem just as much tantus, tanta, tantum of such size; so great, so much tarditas, tarditatis F slowness of movement, action, etc. tardus, tarda, -um; slow, limping; deliberate; late tardior, tardissimus taurus, tauri M bull taxo, taxare, taxavi, value, assess the worth of; access a taxatus crime; reckon the extent techna, technae F cunning trick, artifice tecte, tectius, tectissime covertly, cautiously tectorius, tectoria, used for covering, or for plastering tectorium tectus, -a, -um; tectior, covered, roofed; hidden, secret; tectissimus concealed/ disguised; guarded/ secretive tecum = cum + te with you teda (sic, taeda) pine torch tego, tegere, texi, tectus cover, protect; defend; hide tegumentum, tegumenti covering/ cover/ protection; N clothing; body armor; skin/ shell/ husk telum, teli N dart, spear; weapon, javelin; bullet temerarius, temeraria, casual, rash, accidental; reckless temerarium temere ADV rashly, blindly temeritas, temeritatis F rashness; temerity temperamentum, right proportion, middle way, mean, temperamenti N moderation tempero, temperare, combine, blend, temper; make mild; temperavi, temperatus refrain from; control oneself tempestas, tempestatis season, time, weather; storm F tempus, temporis, N time, condition, right time; season, ad tempus: on occasion; necessity time, temporarily; at present templum, templi N temple, church; shrine; holy place temporalis, temporalis, of time; temporary; w/ time limit; temporale due to lapse of time; of this/ temporal world tenacitas, tenacitatis F grasp, quality of holding on to a thing tenaciter, tenacius, tenaciously, persistently tenacissime tenax, tenacis; tenacior, holding fast, clinging; tenacious; tenacissimus retentive; close-fisted/ tight/ niggardly tendo, tendere, tetendi, stretch/ spread/ extend; distend; tensus aim/ direct weapon/ glance/ steps/ course; strive tenebra, tenebrae F darkness, obscurity; night; dark corner; ignorance; concealment; gloom tenebrosus, tenebrosa, dark, gloomy tenebrosum teneo, tenere, tenui, hold, keep; comprehend; possess; tentus master; preserve tener, tenera, -um; tender; soft/ delicate/ gentle; tenerior, tenerrimus young/ immature; weak/ fragile/ frail tenor, tenoris M course, tenor; sustained and even course of movement tentatio, tentationis F temptation; trial tento, tentare, tentavi, handle, feel; attempt, try; prove; tentatus test; attack; brave; make an attempt tentorium, tentori(i) N tent tenuis, tenue; tenuior, thin, fine; delicate; slight, slender; tenuissimus little, unimportant; weak, feeble tenuitas, tenuitatis F thinness/ fineness/ leanness; poverty; frugality; subtlety tenuiter, tenuitius, thinly/ finely; delicately; subtly; tenuitissime meagerly/ scantily/ poorly; weakly/ feebly tepesco, tepescere, grow warm/ acquire some heat; tepui, — become tepid/ lukewarm tepidus, -a, -um; warm, tepid tepidor, tepidissimus ter three times; on three occasions tergiuersatio, -onis F the turning of ones back tergum, tergi N back, rear; reverse/ far side; outer covering/ surface termino, terminare, mark the boundaries of, form the terminavi, terminatus boundaries of; restrict; conclude terminus, termini M boundary, limit, end; terminus tero, terere, trivi, tritus rub, wear away, wear out; tread terra, terrae F earth, land, ground; country, region terrenus, terrena, of earth, earthly; earthy; terrestrial terrenum terreo, terrere, terrui, frighten, scare, terrify, deter territus terribilis, terribilis, frightful, terrible terribile terriculamenta, -orum things that excite terror, frights, N pl. terrors terrificus, terrifica, terrifying, awe inspiring terrificum terror, terroris M terror, panic, alarm, fear tertium ADV and NUM for the third time; third testaceus, testacea, made of brick/ tile; resembling testaceum brick; having hard covering/ shell testamentum, will, testament; covenant testamenti N testificor, testificari, assert solemnly, testify; testificatus sum demonstrate; invoke as a witness testimonium, testimony; deposition; evidence; testimoni(i) N witness testis, testis M testicle, ususally plural testis, testis C witness testor, testari, testatus give as evidence; bear witness; sum make a will; swear; testify testudineus, testudinea, made of tortoise-shell testudineum teter, tetra, -um; tetrior, foul, offensive; ugly; disgraceful teterrimus texo, texere, texui, weave; plait; construct with textus elaborate care textura, -ae F weaving, web; texture; framework, structure; texture of atoms to void thea, theae F* tea theatrum, theatri theater (teatrum) N Theocritus* (in 1546 Theocritus (c. 300-c. 260 BCE), prologue) Greek poet of pastorals, from Sicily theologus, theologi M theologian, one who writes/ discourses/ teaches on God/ gods theoreticus, -a, -um theoretical, speculative theosebeia (Greek reverence toward God word) thesaurus, thesauri M treasure chamber/ vault/ repository; treasure; hoard; collected precious objects threnus, threni M throne thronus, throni M throne; angelic order; Lamentations; elegy thus, thuris N frankincense tibicen, tibicinis M piper, performer on tibia; flute player; prop/ strut for shoring up building timeo, timere, timui, — fear, dread, be afraid timidus, timida, -um; timid; cowardly; fearful, timidior, timidissimus apprehensive; without courage; afraid to timor, timoris M fear; dread tinguo, tinguere, tinxi, wet/ moisten/ dip/ soak; color/ tinctus dye/ tinge/ tint, stain; imbue; impregnate titillatio, titillationis F tickling titulus, tituli M title; label; heading; placard/ tablet; pretext, ostensible motive Titus, Titi M Titus: here, New Testament reference, recipient of Paul’s Epistle to Titus, associated with Dionysius the Areopagite toga, togae F toga toleranter, tolerantius, tolerantly, patiently, with fortitude; tolerantissime so as to withstand harm tolerantia, tolerantiae F patience, fortitude, tolerance; ability to bear/ endure pain/ adversity tolero, tolerare, toleravi, bear, endure, tolerate toleratus tollo, tollere, sustuli, lift, raise; destroy; remove, steal; sublatus take/ lift up/ away tolutarius, -a, -um at a trot tonstrina, tonstrinae F barber's shop tormentum, tormenti N windlass; instrument for twisting/ winding; engine for hurling stones; missile tornatilis, tornatilis, rounded; turned on a lathe; tornatile finished, beautifully wrought torpor, torporis M numbness, torpor, paralysis torqueo, torquere, torsi, turn, twist; hurl; torture; torment; tortus bend, distort; spin, whirl; wind tortor, tortoris M torturer tortuosus, tortuosa, twisting, tortuous tortuosum tot as/ so often, so many times, such a great number of times; that number of times totidem ADJ undeclined as many; just so/ as many; the equivalent number of, same toties as often, so many times totus, tota, totum (gen. - whole, all, entire, total, complete; ius) every part; all together/ at once tracto, tractare, tractavi, draw, haul, pull, drag about; handle, tractatus manage, treat, discuss trado, tradere, tradidi, hand over, surrender; deliver; traditus bequeath; relate traduco, traducere, bring across/ over, move/ transfer; traduxi, traductus convert; cause to cross/ to extend across area tragicus, tragica, tragic; suitable to tragedy, a, i, m tragicum tragic poet, tragic actor tragoedia, tragoediae F tragedy traho, trahere, traxi, draw, drag, haul; derive, get tractus trames, tramitis M footpath, track; bed; course; branch; narrow strip tranquillitas, stillness; tranquility tranquillitatis F tranquillus, tranquilla, quiet, calm tranquillum transactio, transactionis transaction; deal, business F arrangement, negotiated settlement transcendo, climb/ step/ go across/ over; board; transcendere, transgress; exceed; pass on, make transcendi, transcensus transition transenna, transennae F lattice-work, grating transeo, transire, go over, cross transivi(ii), transitus transfero, transferre, transport/ convey/ transfer/ shift; transtuli, translatus transpose; carry across/ over; transplant transfiguro, transform, change form/ transfigurare, appearance transfiguravi, transfiguratus transformo, change in shape, transform transformare, transformavi, transformatus transfuga, transfugae F deserter transfugio, transfugere, go over to the enemy, desert transfugi, — transgredior, cross, go/ move/ travel over/ transgredi, across; go to other side; change transgressussum M allegiance/ policy transgressio, transposition, inversion; transition; transgressionis F going across transgressor, transgressor transgressoris M transigo, transigere, to drive through, stab, pierce, transegi, transactus transfix; to carry through, finish, settle, complete, accomplish; perform; bargain, transact transmuto, change, shift, transmute; transfer, transmutare, remove transmutavi, transmutatus transversus, transversa, lying across/ from side to side; transversum flanking/ oblique; moving across/ at right angle tremebundus, trembling tremebunda, tremebundum tremo, tremere, tremui, tremble, shake, shudder at — trepidatio, trepidationis fear/ alarm; nervousness/ F trepidation; physical trembling/ twitching trepido, trepidare, tremble, be afraid, waver trepidavi, trepidatus trepidus, trepida, nervous, jumpy, agitated; perilous, trepidum alarming, frightened; boiling, foaming tres, tres, tria three triarius, triari(i) M third line of the early Roman army; the reserves tribulatio, tribulationis tribulation; distress, trouble F tribulus, tribuli M spiny plant; caltrop tribunal, tribunalis N raised platform; tribunal; judgement seat tribuo, tribuere, tribui, divide, assign; present; grant, allot, tributus bestow, attribute trica, tricae F trifles, nonsense; vexation, troubles Tridentinam Tridentine (referring to Council of Trent) trifarius, trifaria, three-fold trifarium tripudium, tripudi(i) N solemn ritual dance; favorable omen when sacred chickens ate greedily tristis, tristis, triste sad, sorrowful; gloomy tristitia, tristitiae F sadness triticum, tritici N wheat tritus, -a, -um. tirtior, well-trodden, worn; trite tritissimus triumpho, triumphare, triumph over; celebrate a triumph; triumphantium: triumphavi, conquer completely, triumph Pres. part. gen. triumphatus plur. triumphus, -i M triumph, victory parade trivius, trivia, trivium of/ belonging to crossroads temple, esp. sacred to Diana/ Hecate trophaeum, trophaei N trophy; monument; victory tropos, tropi M trope, figure of speech, figurative use of word; song, manner of singing truculentus, truculenta, ferocious, aggressive truculentum truncus, trunci M trunk trux, trucis wild, savage, fierce tubercula little tube 1x tubicen, tubicinis M trumpeter; tuba player 1x tubula, -ae F a small trumpet, small tube 1x tueor, tueri, tutus sum see, look at; protect, watch; uphold tum then, moreover tumidus, -a, -um; swollen, swelling, distended; puffed tumidior, tumidissimus up with pride tumultuarius, raised to deal with a sudden tumultuaria, emergency; improvised; unplanned, tumultuarium haphazard tumultuosus, -a, -um; turbulent, full of commotion or tumultuosior, uproar tumultuosissimus tumultus, tumultus M commotion, confusion, uproar; rebellion, uprising, disturbance tumulus, tumuli M mound, hillock; mound, tomb tunc then, thereupon, at that time turba, turbae F commotion, uproar, turmoil, tumult, disturbance; crowd, mob, multitude turbidus, turbida, stormy; muddy/ turbid; murky/ turbidum foggy/ clouded/ opaque; gloomy, frowning turbo, turbare, turbavi, disturb, agitate turbatus turbulentus, -a, -um; violently disturbed, stormy, turbulentior, turbulent; unruly, riotous turbulentissimus Turcas Turkish; Turks turgide ADV in a swollen way turgidus, turgida, swollen, inflated, distended; swollen turgidum ADJ (body of water); inflamed with passion turmatim (turma = by squadrons, by troops troop) turpis, turpe; turpior, ugly; nasty; disgraceful; indecent; turpissimus base, shameful, disgusting, repulsive turpiter repulsively, disgracefully, shamelessly; in an ugly/ unsightly manner turpitudo, turpitudinis ugliness/ deformity; shame/ F indecency; nakedness/ genitals; disgrace; turpitude turris, turris F tower; high building, palace, citadel; dove tower, dove cot tutela, tutelae F tutelage, guardianship tuto, tutare, tutavi, guard, protect, defend; guard tutatus and tutor, tutari, against tutatus sum tutus, tuta, -um; tutior, safe, prudent; secure; protected tutissimus typus, typi M figure, bas-relief; ground plan; pattern, type, prototype, model, symbol tyrannis, tyrannidis F tyranny; position/ rule/ territory of a tyrant; any cruel/ oppressive regime tyrannus, tyranni M tyrant; despot; monarch, absolute ruler; king, prince ubi where, whereby ubinam where in the world? ubicunque wherever ulciscor, ulcisci, ultus avenge; punish sum ullus, ulla, ullum (gen. - any ius) ultimus, ultima, farthest, latest, greatest, highest ultimum ultio, ultionis F revenge, vengeance, retribution ultor, ultoris M avenger, revenger ultro besides, beyond; to/ on the further/ other side; voluntarily, unaided; wantonly ultroneus, ultronea, voluntary; deliberate; acting on ultroneum one's own initiative; ululo, ululare, ululavi, howl, yell, shriek; celebrate or ululatus proclaim with howling umbra, -ae F shade; ghost; shadow una ADV (and unus together, together with; at the same ADJ) time; along with; unanimis, unanimis, acting in accord; sharing a single unanime purpose; harmonious; unanimous unaquaque (qua w/- each, each one; every, everybody, que) everything (more than 2); whatever uncinus, uncini M hook unctio, unctionis F anointing/ unction; besmearing; ointment unctus, -a, -um (pp oily, greasy; anointed, oiled unguo) unda, undae F wave unde ADV from where, whence, from what or which place; from which; from whom undequaque from everywhere undecunque from whatever place undique from every side/ direction/ place/ part/ source; on all/ both sides/ surfaces undo, undare, undavi, surge/ flood/ rise in waves; gush/ undatus well up; run, stream; billow; undulate; waver undosus, undosa, abounding in waves, flowing water, undosum etc. ungo, ungere, unxi, anoint/ rub; smear with oil/ grease; unctus (also unguo, dress; add oil unguere) unguentum, unguenti oil, ointment unguis, unguis M nail, claw, talon unice ADV especially, above all unicus, unica, unicum only, sole, single, singular, unique; uncommon, unparalleled; one of a kind uniformis, uniformis, uniform; having only one shape uniforme unigenitus, unigenita, only begotten; only unigenitum unio, unionis M a unity, union, oneness; large single pearl unio, unire, univi, unite, combine into one unitus unitas, unitatis F unity; oneness universalis, universalis, universal, having general universale application; of all universaliter universally/ generally/ collectively, all together/ as to cover/ comprise all cases universus, universa, whole, entire; all together; all; universum universal unquam at any time, ever; at some time unus, una, unum (gen — alone, a single/ sole; some; only; ius) one set of unusquisque each one unicuique, uniuscuiusque urbs, urbis F city; City of Rome urgeo, urgere, ursi, — press / squeeze/ bear hard/ down; tread/ traverse continually; push/ shove/ thrust uro, urere, ussi, ustus burn usitatus, -a, -um; usual, customary, ordinary, usitatior, usitatissimus common, familiar, everyday; commonly used/practiced usque ADV and PREP all the way, right on; all the time, continuously, at every point, always; up to usqueadeo to such an extent usquequaque in every conceivable situation; wholly, altogether usura, -ae F interest, use, enjoyment (utor = fut. part. ABL/ DAT) usurpo, usurpare, seize upon, usurp; use usurpavi, usurpatus usus, usus M (pp utor) use, enjoyment; experience, skill, advantage; custom ut ADV and CONJ so that, in order that/ to; just as; although; how, as, when, while; even if utcunque whatever, as far as; in whatever manner/ degree, no matter how/ to what extent uter, utra, utrum which, whichever, no matter which; one, either, one or other uterum, uteri N womb; belly, abdomen utilis, utilis, utile useful, profitable, practical, helpful, advantageous utilitas, utilitatis F usefulness, advantage utinam if only, would that utique certainly, by all means; at any rate utor, uti, usus sum use, make use of, enjoy; enjoy the friendship of utpote as, in as much as; namely; inasmuch as utrunque [utrumque] which, whichever uter (Neut Nom, from uter Voc, Acc) uva, uvae F grape uxor, uxoris F wife vacillo, vacillare, stagger, totter; be in a weak vacillavi, vacillatus condition vaco, vacare, vacavi, be empty; be vacant; be idle; be free vacatus from, be unoccupied vacuus, vacua, vacuum empty, vacant, unoccupied; devoid of, free of vadimonium, bail, security, surety vadimoni(i) N vado, vadere, vasi, — go, advance, rush, hurry; walk vae INTERJ alas, woe, ah; oh dear; Bah!, Curses! vafer, vafra, vafrum sly, cunning, crafty; vafricies, -ei F craftiness, cunning, subtilty vagus, vaga, vagum roving, wandering valde, valdius, greatly/ very/ intensely; loudly valdissime (cf. valide) vigorously/ strongly/ powerfully valeo, valere, valui, be strong/ powerful/ influential/ valitus healthy; prevail valetudo, valetudinis F good health, soundness; condition of body/ health; illness, indisposition valide, validius, strongly, robustly, mightily validissime, ADV (cf. valde) validus, -a, -um; strong, powerful; valid validior, validissimus vallo, vallare, vallavi, surround/ fortify/ furnish with a vallatus palisaded rampart vanitas, vanitatis F emptiness, untruthfulness; futility, foolishness, empty pride vanus, -a, -um; vanior, empty, vain; false, untrustworthy vanissimus varietas, varietatis F variety, difference; mottled appearance vario, variare, variavi, mark with contrasting colors, variatus variegate; vary, waver; fluctuate, change varius, varia, varium different; various, diverse; changing; colored; party colored, variegated vas, vasis N vessel/ dish; vase; pack/ kit; utensil/ instrument/ tool; equipment/ apparatus Vasthi proper name, biblical vasto, vastare, vastavi, lay waste, ravage, devastate vastatus vastus, vasta, -um; huge, vast; monstrous vastior, vastissimus vates, vatis M prophet/ seer, mouthpiece of deity; oracle, soothsayer; poet vaticinatio, prophecy, prediction vaticinationis F vaticinius, vaticinia, prophetic, vatic; revealing future by vaticinium divine inspiration ve = enclitic CONJ or; in negative context: and vecordia, vecordiae F frenzy vecors, vecordis mad; frenzied vectigal, vectigalis N tax, tribute, revenue vectis, vectis M crowbar, lever vegeto, vegetare, invigorate; impart energy to vegetavi, vegetatus vegetus, vegeta, -um; vigorous, active, energetic; vegetior, vegetissimus invigorating; lively, bright, vivid, quick veh INTERJ woe! vehemens, vehementis; violent, severe, vehement; vehementior, emphatic, vigorous, lively vehementissimus vel ADV and CONJ even, actually, indeed; or, either... or velamen, velaminis N veil; for nun/ Muslim); cover, covering velo, velare, velavi, veil, cover, cover up; enfold, wrap, velatus envelop; hide, conceal; clothe in velox, velocis; velocior, swift, quick, fleet, rapid, speedy velocissimus velum, veli N sail, covering; curtain velut and veluti ADV just as, as if venalis, venalis, venale for sale; on hire; open to the influence of bribes venatio, venationis F hunting; the chase venator, venatoris M hunter vendico, vendicare, claim, vindicate; punish, avenge vendicavi, vendicatus vendito, venditare, offer for sale; cry up; pay court venditavi, venditatus vendo, vendere, sell vendidi, venditus veneno, venenare, imbue or infect with poison; injure venenavi, venenatus by slander venenum, veneni N poison; drug venerabilis, venerabilis, venerable, august venerabile venerabundus, -a, -um expressing religious awe veneratio, venerationis veneration, reverence, worship F venereus, -a, -um related to Venus, venereal: pertaining to sexual desire and activity veneror, venerari, adore, revere, do homage to, honor, veneratus sum venerate; worship; beg, pray, entreat venia, veniae F favor, kindness; pardon; permission; indulgence venio, venire, veni, come ventus venor, venari, venatus hunt sum venter, ventris M stomach, womb; belly ventus, venti M wind Venus, Veneris F Venus, Roman goddess of sexual love and generation; planet Venus; charm/ grace venustus, -a, -um; attractive, charming, graceful, venustior, pretty venustissimus verax, veracis; veracior, speaking the truth, truthful; veracissimus conveying the truth verbum, verbi N word; proverb vere, verius, verissime really, truly, actually, indeed; ADV rightly, correctly, exactly; truthfully; verecundus, -a, -um; modest verecundior, verecundissimus vereor, vereri, veritus revere, respect; fear; dread sum veridicus, veridica, truthful veridicum veritas, veritatis F truth, fact, accuracy; honesty, truthfulness; sincerity, uprightness reality, correctness vero yes; in truth; certainly; truly, to be sure; however versicolor, versicoloris having colors that change versipellis, versipellis M shape-changer, who can metamorphose to different shape; double-dealer verso, versare, versavi, keep turning/ going round, spin, versatus whirl; turn over and over; stir; maneuver versor, versari, versatus move about; live, dwell; be sum versutus, -a, -um; full of stratagems or shifts wily versutior, versutissimus cunning, adroit vertex, verticis M whirlpool, eddy, vortex; crown of the head; peak, top, summit; the pole vertigo, vertiginis F gyration/ rotation, whirling/ spinning movement; giddiness, dizziness; changing verto, vertere, verti, turn, turn around; change, alter; versus overthrow, destroy veruntamen but yet, nevertheless, but even so, [verumtamen] CONJ still (resuming after digression) verus, vera, -um; verior, true, real, genuine, actual; properly verissimus named; well founded; right, fair, proper versutus, -a, -um; full of stratagems, wily, cunning versutior, versutissimus vescor, vesci, — feed on, eat, enjoy vespera, vesperae F evening vestigium, vestigi(i) N step, track; trace; footstep vestimentum, garment, robe; clothes vestimenti N vestio, vestire, vestivi, clothe vestitus vestis, vestis F garment, clothing, blanket; clothes; robe veterator, veteratoris M old hand; experienced practitioner; experienced slave veto, vetare, vetui, forbid, prohibit; reject, veto; be an vetitus obstacle to; prevent vetulus, vetula, vetulum elderly, aging vetus, veteris old/ ancient times, antiquity; old traditions/ ways vetus, veteris; veterior, old, aged, ancient; former; veteran, veterrimus experienced; long standing, chronic vetustas, vetustatis F old age; antiquity; long duration vetustus, vetustis; old, aged, ancient; former; veteran, vetustior, vetustissimus experienced; long standing, chronic vexo, vexare, vexavi, shake, jolt, toss violently; annoy, vexatus trouble, harass, plague, disturb, vex via, viae F way, road, street; journey viator, viatoris M traveler vibro, vibrare, vibravi, brandish, wave, crimp, corrugate; vibratus rock; propel suddenly; flash; dart; glitter vicarius, vicaria, substitute; substituted; vicarious; vicarium supplying the place of someone/ something vicis, vicis F turn, change, succession; exchange, interchange, repayment; plight, lot vicissim ADV in turn, again vicissitudo, change, vicissitude vicissitudinis F victima, victimae F victim; animal for sacrifice victor, victoris triumphant victoria, -ae F victory victrix, victricis ADJ conquering and F vicus, vici M village; hamlet; street, row of houses videlicet one may see; clearly, evidently video, videre, vidi, visus see, look at; consider; (PASS) seem, seem good, appear, be seen viduus, vidua, viduum widowed, deprived of; bereft; unmarried vigeo, vigere, —, — be strong/ vigorous; thrive, flourish, bloom/ blossom; be active, be effective vigilans, vigilantis; watchful, vigilant, alert; wakeful, vigilantior, wide awake vigilantissimus vigilantia, -ae F vigilance, alertness vigilia, vigiliae F watch, vigil, wakefulness vigilo, vigilare, vigilavi, remain awake, be awake; watch; vigilatus provide for, care for by watching, be vigilant vigor, vigoris M vigor, liveliness vilis, vilis, vile; vilior, cheap, common, mean, worthless vilissimus vinarius, -a, -um ADJ wine, related to wine vinco, vincere, vici, conquer, defeat, excel; outlast; victus succeed vinculum, vinculi N chain, bond, fetter; imprisonment vindex, vindicis M defender, protector vindico, vindicare, claim, vindicate; punish, avenge vindicavi, vindicatus vineus, vinea, vineum made of wine vinitor, vinitoris M vineyard worker vinum, vini N wine violentus, violenta, violent, vehement, impetuous, violentum boisterous violo, violare, violavi, violate, dishonor; outrage violatus vipera, viperae F viper, snake vir, viri M man; husband; hero; person of courage, honor, and nobility virgo, virginis F maiden, young woman, girl of marriageable age; virgin virilis, -is, -e virile, manly, mature virtus, virtutis F strength/ power; courage/ bravery; worth/ manliness/ virtue/ character/ excellence virus, viri N venom, poisonous secretion of snakes/ creatures/ plants; acrid element vis, vis F strength, force, power, might, violence; resources; large body vis (tackon) - you like: utrumvis = whichever you like viscus, visceris N soft fleshy body parts, internal organs; entrails, flesh; offspring visibilis, visibilis, visible, capable of being seen; visibile capable of seeing visio, visionis F vision visito, visitare, visitavi, visit, call upon; see frequently/ visitatus habitually viso, visere, visi, visus visit, go to see; look at vita, vitae F life, career, livelihood; mode of life vitalis, vitalis, vitale vital; of life; living/ alive, able to survive; lively; life-giving vitilitigator M one who brawls vitilitigo, vitilitigare, to brawl, guard; brawl; guard; vitilitigatores vitilitigavi, vitilitigatus vitio, vitiare, vitiavi, make faulty, spoil, damage; vitiate vitiatus vitis, vitis F vine; grape vine a vite ricisus, p. 367; a vite rescissus, p. 395 vitium, viti(i) N fault, vice, crime, sin; defect vito, vitare, vitavi, avoid, shun; evade vitatus vitreus, vitrea, vitreum of glass; resembling glass in its color, translucency, or glitter vituperatio, blame; censure; unfavorable vituperationis F criticism vitupero, vituperare, find fault with, blame, reproach, vituperavi, vituperatus disparage, scold, censure vivifico, vivificare, bring back to life, make live vivificavi, vivificatus vivo, vivere, vixi, victus be alive, live; survive; reside vivus, -a, -um alive, fresh; living vix ADV hardly, scarcely, barely, only just; with difficulty, not easily; reluctantly vocatio, vocationis F calling; vocation vociferor, vociferari, utter a loud cry, shout, yell, cry out, vociferatus sum announce loudly voco, -are, -avi, -atus call, summon; name; call upon volo, velle, volui, — wish, want, prefer; be willing, will volo, volare, volavi, to fly volatus volumen, voluminis N book, chapter, fold voluntarius, -a, -um willing, voluntary voluntas, voluntatis F will, desire; purpose; good will; wish, favor, consent voluptas, voluptatis F pleasure, delight, enjoyment voluptuarius, -a, -um voluptuous voluptuosus, -a, -um delightful, agreeable volutabrum, volutabri N place where pigs wallow, wallowing hole voluto, volutare, roll, wallow, turn over in one's volutavi, volutatus mind, think or talk over vomica, vomicae F abscess, boil, gathering of pus; gathering of fluid found in minerals vortex, vorticis M whirlpool, eddy, vortex, peak, top, summit, crown of head; vorticosus, -a, -um like a vortex vos PRON you; vobismetipsis votum, voti N (pp vow, pledge, vote; religious voveo) undertaking/ promise; prayer/ wish; votive offering voveo, vovere, vovi, vow, dedicate, consecrate votus vox, vocis F voice, tone, expression vulgaris, -is, -e usual, common, commonplace, everyday; of the common people; shared by all vulgo, vulgare, vulgavi, spread around/among the vulgatus multitude; publish, divulge, circulate; prostitute vulgus, vulgi N common people/ general public/ multitude/ common herd/ rabble/ crowd/ mob; flock vulnero, vulnerare, wound/ injure/ harm, pain; inflict vulneravi, vulneratus wound on; damage vulnus, vulneris N wound; mental/ emotional hurt; injury; wound of love vulpes, vulpis F fox vultus, vultus M face, expression; looks Xenophontem Xenophon (c. 430-354BCE) Greek military leader and historian