--=====~ 8th ...----~---

INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON DETERIORATION AND CONSERVATION OF STONE

PROCEEDINGS

VOLUME 1

Berlin · Germany · 30.9. - 4.10.1996 Proceedings of the

8th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone

Berlin, 30. Sept. - 4. Oct. 1996

Edited by: Josef Riederer Published in Germany in 1996

ISBN 3-00-000779-2

Redaktion: Christel Riederer, Am Waldpark 12, 13467 Berlin, Germany

Druck: moller druck und verlag gmbh Oraniendamm 48 13469 Berlin Telefon (030) 419 09-0 Telefax (030) 402 50 71 _____ ...... ,_ ____-

Scientific Committee

V. Romanovsky (president) La Rochelle A. Arnold Zurich S. Bradley London P.de Henau Bruxelles J. Delgado Rodriguez Lisbon W. Domaslowski Torun R. Esbert Oviedo V. Furlan Lausanne A.E. Charola New York C. Jaton Champs sur Marne M. Laurenzi - Tabasso Rome L. Lazzarini Venice I. Pallot-Frossard Cha~ps sur Marne J. Riederer Berlin R. Rossi - Manaresi Bologna 0 . Salvadori Venice Th . Skoulikides Athens

Programm Committee

B. Arnold Brandenburgisches Landesamt tur Denkmalpflege, Berlin A. Ehling Bundesanstalt fi.ir Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Berlin S. Fitz Umweltbundesamt, Berlin G. Hauff Fachhochschule tur Architektur, Potsdam D. Hoffmann Bundesanstalt fi.ir Materialforschung und -prufung, Berlin Ch. Klenner PreuBische Stiftung Schlosser und Garten, Potsdam J. Riederer Rathgen-Forschungslabor der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin S. Wallasch Zentrum fi.ir Handwerk und Denkmalpflege, Potsdam CONTENTS

Weathering of natural stone

VISSER,H., GERVAIS.A., GERVAIS,K., NEUMANN,H.-H., ROSCH.H. and WENDLER,E.: Recognition of stone provenance and case histories of deterioration of two ancient ELBE Sandstone tombstones from Hamburg and Hanover (northern Germany) ...... LOFVENDAHL,R. : Gotland sandstone in swedish buildings...... 11 HOLZWARTH,D.: Building stone from Southern Palatinate (western side of the Oberrhein- graben) and their petrographical and geotechnical properties...... 21 SULOVSKY,P., GREGOROVA,M. and POSPISIL,P. : Mineralogical study of stone decay in Charles Bridge, Prague...... 29 MARTIN.A. and SANCHO,J.: Differential alteration of a calcarenite...... 37 MONTEALEGRE,L. , BARRIOS,J. and NIETO,M.: The materials of construction of the west wall of the mosque of Cordoba (Spain) and their deterioration...... 51 GARCIA-VALLES,M., MOLERA,J. and VENDRELL-SAZ,M.: Man induced deterioration in the gothic cloister of "Palau de la Generalitat" (Barcelona-Spain)...... 61 MIKHAILOV,A.A. and SULOEVA, M.N.: Mapping material damages of limestone and sandstone on the territory of the european part of Russia...... 71 MORONl,B. and POLl,G.: Lithology and weathering of Scaglia limestone...... 79 VILLEGAS SANCHEZ,R. , MARTIN GARCiA,L., VALE PARAPAR,J.F., BELLO L6PEZ,M.A. and ALCALDE MORENO,M.: Characterization and conservation of the stone used in the Cathedral of Almeria (Spain)...... 89 RATTAZZl,A., CAMAITl,M. and SALVIONl,D.: The statues of the apostles from the main doorway of the church of the Monastery of Batalha (Portugal): analysis of degradation forms in relation to ancient treatments...... 101 GONzALEZ LIM6N,T. and ALVAREZ DE BUERGO BALLESTER,M.: Analysis of the deterioration causes of the petrous fa<;ades of the Communications Palace, Madrid, Spain...... 109 MORONl,B. and POLl,G. : Weathering of marble and calcareous breccia in the lateral facade of Foligno Cathedral: influence of lithology and role of exposure...... 121 DUFFY.AP. and PERRY,S.H.: The mechanisms and causes of Portland limestone decay- a case study...... 135 KRAGE,L. : Environmental studies: Artificial corrosion of untreated and treated Sarema Dolomite...... 147 SPADEA,P. , PERUSINl,T. and FRANGIAPANE,E.: Dolostones used in Middle Age Friuli (NE Italy)...... 155 SIMON,S. and SNETHLAGE,R. : Marble weathering in Europe - Results of the EUROCARE - EUROMARBLE Exposure Programme 1992 - 1994...... 159 KOHLER,W.: Investigations on the increase in the rate of weathering of Carrara marble in Central Europe...... 167 SHARMA,R.K. and GUPTA,H.O.: Characterisation of oolithic textured stone accretions and erosion phenomenon of an excavated structure, Rani Ki Vav, Patan...... 175 STOREMYR,P.: A study on the weathering of Norwegian greenschist...... 185 CINQUEGRANA,L., ANDRIA,S. and PICCIOLl,C.: Some cases of alteration and degradation of yellow and grey tuft-stone in the "Campania" area...... 201 PEREZ-ORTIZ.A., ORDAZ,J., ESBERT, R.M., ALONSO,F.J. and DIAZ- PACHE,F. : Physical behaviour and degradation trends in an anisotropic granite...... 205 JONES, M.S., O'BRIEN, P. F., HANEEF, S.J., THOMPSON, G.E., WOOD, G.C. and COOPER,T.P.: A study of decay occuring in Leinster granite, House No.9, Trinity College, Dublin...... 211 TOPAL,T. and DOYURAN,V.: The physico-chemical properties of the weathered Cappado- cian tuff and their significance on conservation studies ...... 223 SCHWEDA,P. and SJOBERG,L. : Weathering of chlorite to chlorite/ smectite mixed-layers in Proterozoic metapelites - a link between acid deposition and rock deterioration? ...... 233 LEAVENGOOD,P., TWILLEY,J. and VAN HALM,T.: lsamu Noguchi's "Black SunR: Investigation of a cracking phenomenon ...... 239 SHELFORD.A. and INKPEN,R. : The assessment of geological structures as constraints on stone decay ...... 253 TORFS,K., VAN GRIEKEN,R. and CASSAR,J.: Monitoring of environmental parameters to explain stone deterioration: Church of Sta. Marija Ta'Cwerra, Malta ...... 265

Environmental influences on stone

ZENDRl,E., BISCONTIN,G., BAKOLAS,A. and FINOTTO,G.: Simulated study on the chemical and physical decay of the acid rain on carbonate stones ...... · 273 LORUSSO,S., TROILl,M., BIONDl,F. and MARABELLl,M.: Air quality of historic cities and deterioration of monuments: case-studies in Rome and Tivoli ...... ·· ········ 281 CADOT-LEROUX,L. : Rural nitrogeneous pollution and deterioration of granitic monuments: Results of a statistical study ...... 301 CARRETERO,M.I. and GALAN,E.: Marine spray and urban pollution as main factors of stone damage of Malaga Cathedral (Spain) ...... 311 DE LA TORRE LOPEZ,M.J. and SEBASTIAN PARDO,E.: The effect of urban pollution on construction materials: stone and brick ...... 325 SABBIONI, C., ZAPPIA,G. , GHEDINl,N. and GOBBl,G.: Carbon due to atmospheric deposition on stone monuments and historical buildings ...... 333 GIRARDET,F. and FURLAN,V.: Reactivite des pierres au S02 atmospherique, etude en chambre de simulation et correlation avec les mesures en site reel...... 341 GIRARDET,F., FURLAN,V., AUSSET,E.P., DEL MONTE, M., JEANNETTE,D. and LEFEVRE,R.-A.: Etude experimentale de la prise en soufre d'un calcaire etd'un gres calcareux dans la chambre de simulation atmospherique de Lausanne ...... 349 DERBEZ,M. and LEFEVRE,R.-A.: Le contenu microparticulaire des croOtes gypseuses de la Cathedrale Saint-Gatien de Tours - com pa raison avec I' air et la pluie ...... 359 BEGONHA,A. and SEQUEIRA BRAGA.MA: Black crusts and thin black layers in granitic monuments: Their characterization and the role of air pollution ...... 371 BEHLEN.A. , WITTENBURG,C., STEIGER,M. and DANNECKER,W.: Dry deposition of NO, N02, HONO, HN03, and PAN on historic building stones ...... 377 GISBERT,J., MARIN-CHAVES,C. and ANDALUZ,N.: Black crusts from the Rueda cloister: An approximation to fossil effects of pollution in a semi-arid climate ············ ·· ···· ·········· ······· ·· ········ 387 ESBERT,R.M., DIAZ-PACHE,F., ALONSO,F.J., ORDAZ,J. and GROSSl,C.M.: Solid particles of atmospheric pollution found on the Hontoria Limestone of Burgos Cathedral (Spain) ...... 393 BCKE,H., GOKTORK,H. and CANER-SALTIK,E.N. : Effect of some surfactants on the sulphation reaction of calcareous stone ...... ······· ·· ·· ························ ··········· · 401 BOKE,H. , GCKTORK,H. and CANER-SALTIK ,E.N.: Effect of particulate matter on the sulphation of calcareous stone in humid atmosphere containing sulphur dioxide ...... 407 CHABAS,A. and LEFEVRE.RA.: Origine des constituants des croutes sulfatees cendres volantes des monuments de Delos (Cyclades-Grece) ...... 415

Damage by moisture on stone

BINDA,L., SQUARCINA,T. and VAN HEES,R. : Determination of moisture content in masonry materials: calibration of some direct methods ···· ······ ········ ············································· ·· 423 SIZOV,B.: Evaluation of moisture content measurements in stone...... 437 WEISE,F., NIEDACK-NAD,M., HENSCHEN,J., HOFFMANN,D., RUDOLPH,M. and SCHAURICH,D.: Complex investigations of the moisture balance in structural members made of natural stone - a case study of the Berlin Zeughaus...... 441 HOFFMANN,D., NIEDACK-NAD,M. and NIESEL,K.: Evaporation as a feature of characterizing stone...... 453 HOFFMANN,D., NIESEL,K. and PLAGGE,R.: Relationship between pore structure and other physico-technical characteristics of stone...... 461 POSCHLOD,K. and KATZSCHMANN,L.: Zur Ermittlung der Verwitterungsbestandigkeit von Naturwerksteinen mittels Sattigungswert Sund Frost-Tau-Wechsel-Versuch...... 473

Damage by salt on stone

VITINA,I., IGAUNE,S., KRAGE,L. and BAUMANIS,O.: Problems of soluble salts in monuments of Latvia...... 477 BEGONHA,A., SEQUEIRA BRAGA.MA and GOMES DA SILVA,F.: Rain water as a source of the soluble salts responsible for stone decay in the granitic monuments of Oporto and Braga -Portugal...... 481 KLEMM,W. and SIEDEL,H.: Sources of sulphate salt efflorescences at historical monuments- a geochemical study from Freiberg, Saxony...... 489 AIRES-BARROS,L. and MAUR[CIO, A.: Chronology, probability estimations and salt efflorescence ocurrences forecasts on monumental building stones surfaces...... 497 LAUE,S., Bl.AUER BOHM.CH. and JEANNETTE,D.: Saltweathering and porosity - Examples from the Crypt of St. Maria im Kapitol, Cologne...... 513 FASSINA,V. , ARBIZZANl,R. and NACCARI.A.: Salt efflorescences on the marble slabs of S.Maria dei Miracoli church: a survey on their origin and the methodology of their removal...... 523 STEIGER,M. and ZEUNERT,A.: Crystallization properties of salt mixtures: comparison of experimental results and model calculations...... 535 POHRINGER,J.: Deterioration of materials by hydraulic pressure in salt/ watersystems - An outline model...... 545 VILES.HA and MOSES, CA: SEM based studies of the combined effects of salt and biological weathering on calcareous building stones...... 557 WESSMAN,L.: Studies of salt-frost attack on natural stone...... 563 GABRIEL,G. and INKPEN,R.J.: The nature of decay of Monk's Park limestone under simulated salt weathering...... 573

Biological damage on stone

WILIMZIG,M.: Biodeterioration of building materials ...... 579 MONTE,M. and FERRARl,R.: Biodeterioration of the temple of Segeste (Sicily) ...... 585 YOUNG, M.E. and URQUHART,D.C.M.: Factors affecting the growth of algae on cleaned sandstone buildings in Scotland ...... 593 ARROYO.I. and ARROYO,G.: Annual microbiological analysis of Altamira Cave (Santillana el Mar), Spain ...... 601 VENDRELL-SAZ,M., KRUMBEIN,W .E., URZl,C. and GARCIA VALLES,M.: Are patinas of mediterranean monuments really related to the rock substrate? ...... 609 DE LEO,F., CRISEO,G. and URZl,C.: Impact of surrounding vegetation and soil on the colonization of marble statues by dematiaceous fungi...... 625 KRUMBEIN,W.E., DIAKUMAKU,E., GEHRMANN,C., GORBUSHINA,A.A., GROTE,G., HEYN.CH., KUROCZKIN,J., SCHOSTAK,V., STERFLINGER,K., WARSCHEID,TH., WOLF,B., WOLLENZIEN,U., YUN-KYUNG YUN and PETERSEN,K.: Chemoorganotro- phic microorganisms as agents in the destruction of objects of art - A summary...... 631 WOLF,B. and KRUMBEIN,W .E.: Microbial colonization on the surface and at the depth of marble elements of the "Freundschaftstempel" at Sanssouci (Potsdam) ...... 637 GARCiA-MURILLO,S. and MARTIN-PEREZ,A.: Symptomatology of bioalteration processes of stonework in the Pamplona Cathedral (Spain) ...... 645 GARCIA-MURILLO,$. and MARTIN-PEREZ.A.: Presence, distribution and bioalteration phenomena associated to higher plants in the Pamplona Cathedral (Spain) ...... 655 GARCiA-MURILLO,S. and MARTIN-PEREZ.A.: Bioalteration of stone associated to presence of microorganisms in the Pamplona Cathedral (Spain) ...... 661 BADALYAN,A.G., GORBUSHINA, A.A., KRUMBEIN, W.E., KUMZEROV, Y.A., PANINA,L.K. and VLASOV, D.Y.: Physical and microbiological investigations of rock weathering at hellenic excavation sites on the Crimean Peninsula ...... 671 ORTEGA-CALVO,J.J. and SAIZ-JIMENEZ,C.:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in building stones ...... 681 KRUMBEIN,W.E., GORBUSHINA,A.A., STERFLINGER,K. and WOLF,B.: Biological aspects of deterioration and consolidation of selected tombstones on jewish cemeteries ...... 687 SAMENO PUERTO,M., GARCIA ROWE,J. and VILLEGAS SANCHEZ,R. : Studies of biodeterioration of building materials on Bonsor Castle (Seville, Spain) ...... 695 WAKEFIELD, R.D. and JONES,M.S.: Some effects of masonry biocides on intact and decayed stone ...... 703 URZl,C., TRUSSO,N. and KOPECKY.A.: Colonisation patterns of stone surfaces analyzed by fractal geometry ...... 717 ARINO,X. and SAIZ-JIMENEZ,C.: Factors affecting the colonization and distribution of cyanobacteria, algae and lichenes in ancient mortars ...... 725

Methods of analysis

LAURENT,J.P.: Modelling water and heat transfers in stones under climatic influences: physical basis ...... 733 MURPHY,W. and INKPEN,R.J.:Alteration of geotechnical properties of Portland limestone and Monk's Park limestone under simulated weathering ...... 739 BLUM,R. : The application of ultrasonic testing in the preservation of monuments ...... 751 KOHLER,W ., ROHATSCH,A. and WEBER,J.: The stone material of the West Portal of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna: petrological and ultrasonic investigations ...... 759 SCHIAVON,N. and LIPING ZHOU: Magnetic, chemical and microscopical characterization of urban soiling on historical monuments ...... 769 JONES,M.S. and THOMPSON,G.E.: The use of stone thin sections in the study of decay of individual components of stone by pollutants ...... ················ ············· ····· ····· 771 TORFS,K., BUZEK,F. and VAN GRIEKEN,R. : Use of stable isotopes to study the deterio- ration of building stone ...... ············· ·· ········ ···················· 783 TOPAL,T.: The use of methylene blue adsorption test to assess the clay content of the Cappadocian tuft...... 791 ZEZZA,A. and GARC[A PASCUA,N.: Experimental physico-chemical methods fort~~· ······ ·· · · · · · ····· identification of previous interventions on porous stone ...... ····· ·· ····· ····························· 801 CHRISTARAS,B.: Particularities in studying the physical and mechanical properties of st in monuments. Examples from the mediterranean Basin...... one ·········································· 819 VILES , H : ~· : Monitoring the effects of the Oxford Transport Strategy on building stone decay and soiling ...... ······· ········· ·· ············· 831 SMITH,B.J. a.nd WHALLY ,W .B.: Microenvironment controls on the early soiling of building stone: Dublin, Ireland ...... ································ 835 HALSEY,D.P., DEWS,S.J. , MITCHELL,D.J. and HARRIS,F.C.: Influence of aspect upon sandstone weathering: the role of climatic cycles in flaking and scaling...... 849 BROGGERHOFF,S., LAIDIG,G. and SCHNEIDER,J.: Environmental monitoring with natural stone sensors...... 861 MIRWALD,P.W ., BROGGERHOFF,S. and FIMMEL, R.: Baumberg calcareous sandstone and Obemkirchner sandstone, natural sensor materials for environmental monitoring - results of a field exposure study...... 871

The conservation of stone

RIZZl,G.: Stone preservation and architectural preservation: two different perspectives?...... 879 TIANO,P., FILARETO,C., GRANATO.A. and PIACENTl,F.: Methods and materials used for the conservation of monumental works in Italy...... 885 YOCEL,I.: Methods of restoration and conservation of stone in the national cultural heritage in care of the Turkish Grand National Assembly and documents connected...... 895 ZAINCHKOVSKY, A. : The recent state of technological development of stone conservation in Russia...... 905 POHRINGER,J. and MAKES,F. : Electrical charges on material surfaces and treatments...... 907 D'AVINO,ST.: Chemical and physical techniques for the conservation of stone materials: interdisciplinary approach and specific nature of the discipline...... 923 MONTANARl,V.: Patina: surface deposit, alteration or outward appearence? Preliminary considerations for the conservation of stone surfaces in architecture...... 929 MAXWELL.I. : Historic Scotland's work in the preservation of carved stones...... 935 KOTLIK,P., HEIDINGSFELD,V., VANECEK.I., BAYER,K., KASE,J., VANA,J. and WEBER,J.: The rescue of M.Braun's sculptures in the area of the Betlem near Kuks (CZ): a case study on sandstone deterioration in the frame of an international project...... 955 SAURET,T.:Documentaci6n hist6rica y patrimonio monumental. Experiencia metod61ogica aplicada a la recuperacion del Conjunto Monumental de la Alcazaba de Malaga (Siglos XI- XIV)...... 969 BYLUND.CH., OSTERLUND,E. , LOFVENDAHL,R. , MARCHNER,S. and PETERSEN,M.: The state of deterioration of the Carrara marble sculptures in the facade of the National Museum of Fine Arts in Stockholm...... 977 GIUSTI, A. : Case studies in the restorationof medieval and renaissance painted sculptures. 993 ESPINOSA GAITAN,J. , ONTIVEROS ORTEGA,E. and VILLEGAS SANCHEZ,R. : Previous studies for the restoration of the Cordoba Door of Carmona (Seville.Spain)...... 1001 CANTOS MARTINEZ,O. , LABORDE MARQUEZE, A. , GONZALES MERCADE,E. and NAVARRO GASCON,J.V.: Planning de conservation du gisement Califatal de la Rabita de Guardamar del Segura (Alicante, Espagne)...... 1009 ROBY,T.C. : In situ assessment of surface consolidation and protection treatments of marble monuments in Rome in the 1980's, with particular reference to two treatments with paraloid B72...... 1015 PLEHWE-LEISEN, E.v., WARSCHEID,T. and LEISEN,H.: Studies of long-term behaviour of conservation agents and of microbiological contamination on twenty years exposed reated sandstone cubes...... 1029 KOLLER,M., NIMMRICHTER,J. and PASCHINGER,H.: Conservation of marble at the facade of the cathedral in Salzburg...... 1039 ATZENl,C., MAMELl,P.L., MASSIDDA,L., and SANNA,U.: Development of sacrificial coatings for protecting marble from sulfatation...... 1051 ALESSANDRINl,G., PERUZZl,R. , ALDl,A. and FANTASMA,F.: Noto calcarenite (SR): the protective treatments and the evaluation of their effectiveness...... 1059 CALIA,A., MECCHl,A.M., QUARTA,G. and ROSSl-DORIA,P.: Water-repellent treatments for the conservation of the calcareous tuff "Carparo" ...... 1075 ALAIMO,R. , GIARRUSSO,R., LAZZARINl,L., MANNUCCIA,F. and MELl,P.: The conservation problems of the theatre of Eraclea Minoa (Sicily) ...... 1085 APPOLONIA,L. , VAUDAN,D., and DE LEO,S.: Projet des traveaux de conservation du theatre romain d'Aoste: recherche et resultats ...... 1097 ASLAN,Z. and SHAR,M.: Tomb 825: A case study in planning for restoration of a selected monument in Petra ...... 1109 KOHLENTHAL,M.: PETRA- The conservation concept for the tomb facades ...... 1117 HELMl,F.M. and ATIIA,H.R.: Characterization and conservation of Seti - I temple stone, Abydous, Upper Egypt...... 1123 LEISEN,H., PLEHWE-LEISEN, E.v.und SATILER,L.: Weathering and conservation of Apsara reliefs at Angkor Vat, Cambodia-Project Angkor...... 1137 LAZZARINl,L., LOMBARDl,G., MARCONl,F. and MEUCCl,C.: New data on the characterization and conservation of the Easter Island pyroclastics used for the moais...... 1147 WENDLER,E., CHAROLA,A.E. and FITZNER,8.: Easter Island Tuff: Laboratory studies for its consolidation ...... ·.···· ··········· 1159 OLIVEIRA,M.M. DE, FASCIO,M., SANTIAGO, C.C.and AMARAL,A.M.do: Behaviour of lithic surfaces treated with Camauba wax ...... 1171 BOOS,M., GROBE,J., HILBERT,G. and MOLLER-ROCHHOLZ,J.: Modified elastic silicic- acid ester applied on natural stone and tests of their efficiency ...... 1179 KOBLISCHEK,P.J.: The consolidation of natural stone with a stone strengthener on the basis of poly-silicic-acid-ethyl-ester...... 1187 HRISTOVA,J. and TODOROV,V.: Consolidation effect of Wacker-Silicones on the properties of sandy limestone ...... 1195 LUKASZEWICZ,J.W.: The influence of stone pre-consolidation with ethyl silicate on soluble salts removal ...... 1203 LUKASZEWICZ,J.W.: The influence of stone pre-consolidation with ethyl silicate on deep consolidation ...... 1209 CIABACH,J.: The effect of water soluble salts on the impregnation of sandstone with silicone microemulsion ...... 1215 BRUCHERTSEIFER, CHR., BROGGERHOFF,S., GROBE,J. and GOTZE,H.J.: DRIFT investigation of silylated natural stone - molecular surface information and macroscopic features ...... 1223 FROGNER,P. and SJOBERG,L. : Dissolution of tetraetylortosilicate coatings on quartz grains in acid solution ...... 1233 GOINS,E.S., WHEELER,G.S., GIFFITHS,D. and PRICE,C.A.: The effect of sandstone limestone, marble and sodium chloride on the polymerization of MTMOS solutions ' ··· ·· ·· ··· ············ 1243 GOINS,E.S., WHEELER,G.S. and WYPYSKl,M.T: Alkoxysilane film formation on quartz and calcite crystal surfaces ...... ··········· ········ ··· 1255 OSSWALD,J. and SNETHLAGE,R. : The hardening process in silicate paints ·· ··················· ···· 1265 ANTONOVA,H.: Evaluation of protective treatments in laboratory and ,,in situ". ················ ············ ··· 1277 STADLBAUER,E., LOTZMANN,S., MENG,B., ROSCH,H. and WENDLER,E. : On the effectiveness of stone conservation after 20 years of exposure - case study at Clemens­ werth Castle/NW-Germany ············· ··· ·········· ·· ··· ··· ················· ····· ···· ·· ··· ·· ·· ······ ····· ····· ············· 1285 VALLET,J.M. and v.ERGES-BAL.MIN,V.: Efficaci!e.resid~~lle apres 24 ans de vieillissement nature! de produ1ts de protection a base de .resmes silicones" appliques sur pierres calcaires ··················· ·· ················· ························ ···················· ··· ································ ················· 1297 FASSINA,V. and NACCARI.A.: Evaluation of the protective treatment of the external facad of the Scrovegni Chapel in Padova...... e ··· ·· ·············· ············ ·· 1309 PLEHWE-LEISEN, E.v., WENDLER,E., CASTELLO BRANCO,H.D. and DOS SANTOS A.F.: Climatic influences on the longtherm efficiency of conservation agents_ a german'- brazilian outdoor exposure program...... 1325 BARONIO,G., SQUARCINA,T., ROCCA,P. and BINDA,L.: Full scale models as an outdoor laboratory to study the durability of surface treatments...... 1333 HILBERT,G. and WENDLER.E.: Influence of different consolidating agents on the water vapour diffusion properties of selected stones...... 1345 GARCIA PASCUA,N., SANCHEZ DE ROJAS,M.I. and FRIAS,M.: The important role of the colour measurement in restoration works. Use of consolidants and water-repellents in sandstone...... 1351 GATTl,M.P.: Die modemen Gebaude und die Probleme der Sanierung von Wandverklei- dungen...... 1363 DOMASLOWSKl,W. and TOMASZEWSKA-SZEWZYK,A.: Desalting of stones by means of ion exchangers...... 1371 INOUE,S., SAGAWA,H. and SAWADA,M.: Washing agents for cleaning of biodeteriorated stone in cultural properties field...... 1383 PROTZ.A.: The cleaning of the Hirschfeld tomb by recarbonation of the gypsum crust...... 1387 MARAVELAKl,P.V., ZAFIROPULOS,V., KYLIKOGLOU,V., KALAITZAKl,M. and FOTAKIS,C.: Diagnostic techniques for laser cleaning of marble...... 1395 MAXWELL, I. : Emerging conseivation issues in consequence of cleaning scottish historic buildings...... 1405 RANALLl,G., CHIAVARINl,M., GUIDETTl,V., MARSALA,F., MATTEINl,M., ZANARDINl,E. and SORLINl,C.: The use of microorganisms for the removal of nitrates and organic substances on artistic stoneworks...... 1415 CHAROLA,A.E., GRISSOM,C.A., ERDER,E., WACHOWIAK,M.L. and OURSLER,D.: Measuring surface roughness: three techniques...... 1421 VAN HEES,R.P.J. and KOEK, J.A.G.: Treatment of rising damp. Evaluation of six chemical products...... 1435

Bricks, Plaster, Mortar, Wall-paintings

BORELLl,E. and LAURENZI TABASSO,M.: Which binder for the Egyptian plasters of the Pharaos' monuments? ...... 1447 ALVAREZ,J.I., MARTIN.A. and GARCIA CASADO,P.J.: Methodologie employee dans la caracterisation de mortiers de la catedrale de Pampelune (Espagne) ...... 1457 ALVAREZ,J.I., MARTIN.A. and GARCIA CASADO,P.J.:Analysis of the mortars used in the Cathedral of Pamplona, Spain ...... 1471 ARNOLD,B., BURGER,H., NEUMANN,H.-H. and WENS,R.: Historical plaster on village churches in Brandenburg ...... 1489 BUGINl,R. , FOLLI, L. and LOMMANO,A.: Plaster Technologies in Northern Italy from 15th to 19th century ...... 1495 BLAUER BOHM,CH.: Assessment of quantitative salt analysis by the water extraction method on lime mortars...... 1505 HENRIQUES,F.M.A. and CHAROLA, A. E. : Comparative study of standard test procedures for mortars ...... 1521 DOMASLOWSKl,W.: The properties of lime and cement mortars modified by metakao- linite ...... 1529 HARTMANN.A.: Investigations on injection grouts to readhere lime mortars to adobe grounds ...... 1535 PALOMO.A., PUERTAS,F. and BLANCO,M.T.: Mortars for restoration. Decay due to salt crystallization ...... ·· ·...... 1547 MARTINEZ-RAMIREZ,S., PUERTAS,F., BLANCO- VARE~ . M . T ., TH~M~SON,~.E. HANEEF,S.J., and WOOD,G.: Behaviour of lime mortar m atmosphenc s1mulat1on chambers ...... 1557 MARTiNEZ-RAMiREZ,S. , PUERTAS,F., BLANCO- VARELA,M.T., THOMPSON,G.E., HANEEF,S.J.and WOOD,G.: Durability of a new lime mortar with biocide properties ...... 1565 MARTiNEZ-RAMiREZ,S., PUERTAS,F., BLANCO- VARELA,M.T., THOMPSON,G.E., HANEEF,S.J.and WOOD,G.: Effect of 'acid rain' on the degradation of lime mortar...... 1573 BEAUCHAMP,D. and ZSEMERY,ST.: 19th century protest helps save Parlament House for the 21st century. Testing mortars for repointing sandstone ...... 1577 MARIE-VICTOIRE, E., QUENEE,B., TEXIER,A., BROMBLET,PH and RAFAl,N.: Eglise Saint Joseph du Havre (France), analyses d'un beton ancien et de ses alterations ...... 1585 SKOULIKIDIS TH. CHARALAMBOUS,D. and TSAKONA,K.: Amelioration of the properties of hydrated '1ime' for the consolidation of the surface or/and the mass of building materials of monuments or new buildings or statues and ornaments ...... 1599 WARRACK,S., LUJAN,R., LEISEN,H. and JELEN,J.:The Preah Ko Project - treatment, conservation and maintenance of the stucco carvings, stone elements and brick of the sanctuary towers at Preah Ko, Cambodia ...... ··········· 1607 ONTIVEROS ORTEGA,E., SEBASTIAN PARDO,E. and VALVERDE ESPINOSA,!.: Analyses by X-ray diffraction and light microscopy of rammed earth walls (Granada.Spain) ...... 1617 CHEREMKHIN,V.I.: Anwendung von Gipsstein bei Restaurierungsarbeiten ...... 1627 VASSILIEVA,O.A.: The experience of the conservation of the plaster sculpture from the collection of the State Tretiakov Gallery ...... 1631 STADLBAUER,E., EHLING,A., KRUMBEIN,W.E., SCHADLER-SAUB,U., SCHUH,H. and WENDLER,E.: Conservation of stone monuments on jewish cemeteries in Berlin and Hannover/ Germany ...... 1635 NEGROTTl,R., REALINl,M. and TONIOLO,L. : The frescoes of the oratory of S. Stefano (Lentate sul Seveso - Milan): comparison between the indoor air quality and decay...... 1647 TONIOLO,L. , CARIATl,F. POLESELLO,S. and POZZI.A.: The mural paintings of S. Andrea in Melzo (Italy): Analytical investigations of the pigmented layers ...... 1655 FASSINA, V., ROSSETTI , ~ · and ~UCCHETTA, E. : Mural painting in San Tarasio Chapel in the Church of San Zaccaria, Venice: A study of the state of conservation of paint film ...... 1663 ZEHNDER,K. :Gypsum efflorescence in the zone of rising damp. Monitoring of slow decay processes caused by crystallizing salts on wall paintings ...... 1669 ESPINOSA GAITAN,J., VILLEGAS SANCHEZ, R. and SEBASTIAN PARDO,E.: Characterization of the bricks used in the construction of the Alcazaba (Malaga, Spain) ...... 1679 VAN BALEN,K. , BINDA,L., VAN HEES,R. and FRANKE,L.: Damage to historic brick masonry structures ················ ····· ·········· ····························· ··········· ··· ··················· ··· ······················· 1687 VAN HEES,R.P.J., KOEK, J.A.G., DE CLERQ,H., DE WITTE,E., BINDA,L., and B~RONIO ,G. : Evaluation of the performance of surface treatments for the conservation of bnck masonry ··············· ·· ···· ······ ·· ···· ····· ····· ·· ········ ············ ··· ·· ·········· ··············································· 1695 WITTENBURG,C., WENDLER,E. and STEIGER,M.: Terracotta at SchloB Schwerin different desalination treatments for the application of stone consolidating agents . .'...... 1717 RUDY,M.: Conservation of Renaissance tiles from the Grand Stove in Gdansk Arthus' Court...... 1727

Databases for the conservation of monuments

VAN HEES,R. , VAN DER KLUGT, L.J.A.R., NALDINl,S., VAN BAALEN,K., MASCARENHAS MATEUS,J. BINDA,L., BARONIO,G., FRANCKE,L. and SCHUMANN . The Masonry Damage Diagnostic System ,I.. OBERMEIER.CH.: A database for historic r~~·~-~~ ·~~~ -; ~··~~~~~~~~~-~~··· · · · · ...... 1737 1741 FITZ,S.: MONUFACT -A database system for improved information tr~~~;~·~ -i~--~~~~·~ - -~...... a ion ...... 1745 Authors Index

AIRES-BARROS,L...... 497 CHARALAMBOUS,D...... 1599 ALAIMO,R...... 1085 CHAROLA,A.E...... 1159,1421 ,1521 ALCALDE MORENO,M...... 89 CHEREMKHIN,V.I...... 1627 ALDI...... 1059 CHIAVARINl,M...... 1415 ALESSANDRINl,G ...... 1059 CHRISTARAS,B...... 819

ALONSO,F.J ...... 205 0 393 CIABACH,J...... 1215 ALVAREZ DE BUERGO BALLESTER,M.... 109 CINQUEGRANA,L...... 201 ALVAREZ,J.I...... 1457,1471 COOPER, T. P...... 211 AMARAL,A.M.do...... 1171 CRISEO,G...... 625 ANDALUZ,N...... 387 DANNECKER,W ...... 377 ANDRIA,S...... 201 D'AVINO,ST...... 923 ANTONOVA,H...... 1277 DE CLERQ,H...... 1695 APPOLONIA, L...... 1097 DE LA TORRE LOPEZ,M.J...... 325 ARBIZZANl,R...... 523 DE LEO,F...... 625 ARINO,X...... 725 DE LEO,S...... 1097 ARNOLD,B...... 1489 DE WITTE,E...... 1695 ARROYO,G...... 601 DEL MONTE, M...... 349 ARROYO.I...... 601 DERBEZ,M...... 359 ASLAN,Z ...... 1109 DEWS,S.J...... 849 ATTIA,H.R...... 1123 DIAKUMAKU,E...... 631 ATZENl,C...... 1051 DIAZ-PACHE,F...... 205,393 AUSSET, P...... 349 DOMASLOWSKl,W...... 1371 ,1529 BADALYAN,A.G...... 671 DOS SANTOS,A.F...... 1325 BAKOLAS,A...... 273 DOYURAN,V...... 223 BARONIO,G...... 1333,1695,1737 DUFFY,A.P...... 135 BARRIOS,J...... 51 EHLING,A...... 1635 BAUMANIS,O...... 477 ERDER,E...... 1421 BAYER,K...... 955 ESBERT, RM...... 205,393 BEAUCHAMP,D ...... 1577 ESPINOSA GAITAN,J...... 1001 ,1679 BEGONHA,A...... 371,481 FANTASMA,F...... 1059 BEHLEN,A...... 377 FASCIO,M...... 1171 BELLO LOPEZ,M.A...... 89 FASSINA, V...... 1309,1663 BINDA,L...... 423, 1333, 1695, 1737 FERRARl,R...... 585 BIONDl,F...... 281 FILARETO,C...... 885 BISCONTIN,G...... 273 FIMMEL, R...... 871 BLANCO- VARELA,M.T... 1547,1557,1565,1573 FINOTTO,G...... 273 Bl.AUER BOHM.CH...... 513,1505 FITZ,S...... 1745 BLUM,R...... 751 FITZNER,B...... 1159 BOKE,H.,...... 401 ,407 FOLLI, L...... 1495 BOOS,M...... 1179 FOTAKIS,C...... 1395 BORELLl,E...... 1447 FRANGIAPANE,E...... 155 BROMBLET,PH ...... 1585 FRANKE,L...... 1687,1737 BRUCHERTSEIFER, CHR...... 1223 FRIAS,M...... 1351 BR0GGERHOFF ,S...... 861 ,871 ,1223 FROGNER,P...... 1233 BUGINl,R...... 1495 FURLAN,V...... 341 ,349 BURGER,H ...... 1489 GABRIEL,G...... 573 BUZEK,F...... 783 GALAN,E...... 311 BYLUND.CH...... 977 GARCiA CASADO,P.J...... 1457,1471 CADOT-LEROUX,L...... 301 GARCiA MURILLO,$ ...... 645,655,661 CALIA,A...... 1075 GARCIA PASCUA,N...... 801 , 1351 CAMAITl,M...... 101 GARCiA ROWE,J...... 695 CANER-SALTIK ,E.N...... 401 ,407 GARCIA -VALLES,M...... 61 ,609 CANTOS MARTINEZ,O...... 1009 GATTl,M.P...... 1363 CARIATl,F...... 1655 GEHRMANN,C...... 631 CARRETERO,M.I...... 311 GERVAIS.A...... 1 CASSAR,J...... 265 GERVAIS,K...... 1 CASTELLO BRANCO,H.D ...... 1325 GHEDINl,N...... 333 CHABAS,A...... 415 GIARRUSSO,R...... 1085 GIFFITHS,D...... 1243 LEISEN,H...... 1029,1137,1607 GIRARDET,F...... 341 ,349 Ll_~ING ZHOU...... 769 GISBERT,J...... 387 LOFVENDAHL,R...... 11,977 GIUSTI, A...... 993 LOMBARDl,G ...... '.'.'.'.'. '.'.'."""""""""""""""""""" ·· 1147 GOBBl,G...... 333 LOMMANO,A...... 1495 GOINS,E.S...... 1243,1255 LORUSSO,$...... 281 GOKTORK,H...... 401 ,407 LOTZMANN,S...... 1285 GOMES DA SILVA,F...... 481 LUJAN,R...... 1607 GONZALES MERCADE,E...... 1009 LUKASZEWICZ,J.W...... 1203,1209 GONzALEZ LIMON,T...... 109 MAKES,F...... 907 GORBUSHINA,A.A...... 631,671,687 MAMELl,P.L...... 1051 GRANATO.A...... 885 MANNUCCIA,F...... 1085 GREGOROVA,M...... 29 MARABELLl,M...... 281 GRISSOM,C.A ...... 1421 MARAVELAKl,P.V...... 1395 GROBE,J., ...... 1179 MARCHNER,S...... 977 GROSSl,C.M...... 393 MARCONl,F...... 1147 GROTE,G...... 631 MARIE-VICTOIRE, E...... 1585 GUIDETTl,V...... 1415 MARIN-CHAVES,C...... 387 GUPTA,H.O...... 175 MARSALA,F...... 1415 HALSEY,D.P...... 849 MARTIN GARCIA,L...... 89 HANEEF ,S.J...... 211, 1557, 1565, 1573 MARTIN,A...... 37,1457,1471 HARRIS,F.C...... 849 MARTINEZ-RAMiREZ,S...... 1557, 1565, 1573 HARTMANN.A...... 1535 MARTIN-PEREZ,A...... 645,655,661, HEIDINGSFELD,V...... 955 MASCARENHAS MATEUS,J...... 1737 HELMl,F.M...... 1123 MASSIDDA,L...... 1051 HENRIQUES,F.M.A...... 1521 MATTEINl,M...... 1415 HENSCHEN,J...... 441 MAURICIO, A...... 497 HEYN.CH...... 631 MAXWELL, I...... 935, 1405 HILBERT,G...... 1179,1345 MECCHl,A.M...... 1075 HOFFMANN,D ...... 441 ,453,461 MELl,P...... 1085 HOLZWARTH,D...... 21 MENG,B., ...... 1285 HRISTOVA,J ...... 1195 MEUCCl,C...... 1147 IGAUNE,S...... 477 MIKHAILOV,A.A...... 71 INKPEN,R.J...... 253,573739 MIRWALD,P.W...... 871 INOUE,S...... 477,1383 MITCHELL,D.J...... 849 JEANNETTE,D...... 349,513 MOLERA,J...... 61 JELEN,J ...... 1607 MONTANARl,V...... 929 JONES,M.S...... 211,703,771 MONTE,M...... 585 KALAITZAKl,M.P ...... 1395 MONTEALEGRE,L...... 51 KASE,J...... 955 MORONl,B...... 79 121 0 KATZSCHMANN,L...... 473 M?SES,C.A...... 557 KLEMM,W...... 489 MULLER-ROCHHOLZ,J...... 1179 KOBLISCHEK,P.J ...... 1178 KOEK, J.A.G...... 1435, 1695 KOHLER,W...... 167,759 NALDINl,S...... 11737 KOLLER,M ...... 1039 ~~~6~~1'.":."""""""""" """" """""" """""" " "" """ "" " ""'...... ;~~ NAVARRO GASCON,J.V...... 1009 KOPECKY...... 717 NEGROTTl,R...... ······· ····· ······ ··· 1647 KOTLIK,P...... 955 NEUMANN H - ...... KRAGE,L...... 147,477 NIEDACK-NAD~...... 1,1489 NIESEL ' ...... 441 ,453 KRUMBEIN,W.E...... 609,631,637,671,687, 1635 ,K...... ···· ··· ······ ·· ·· 453,461 KOHLENTHAL,M ...... 1117 NIETO M ····· ········· ·· KUMZEROV, Y.A...... 671 NIMMR16-iT'E:R'J'"""''" """'''''''""'"••······ 51 KUROCZKIN,J...... 631 OBERMEIER CH ...... 1039 KYLIKOGLOU,V...... 1395 O'BRIEN, P. F...... 1741 LABORDE MARQUEZE, A...... 1009 OLIVEIRA,M.M ...DE '.'.'...... 211 LAIDIG,G...... 861 ONTIVEROS ORTEGA...... 1171 LAUE,S...... 513 ORDAZJ ,E ...... 1001 ,1617 LAURENT,J.P...... 733 ORTEGA~C,ALVQ ' J'j""" " """"··" ' '"""· 205,393 LAURENZI TABASSO,M...... 1447 OSSWALD J ' ...... 681 0 LAZZARINl,L ...... 1085,1147 OSTERLUND E...... 1265 LEAVENGOOD,P...... 239 OURSLER D ' ...... 977 PALOMO 1421 LEFEVRE,R.-A...... 349,359,415 A...... ' .,...... 1547 PANINA,L.K...... 671 SHARMA,R.K...... 175 PASCHINGER H 1039 SHELFORD.A...... 253 PEREZ-ORTIZ A::::·.···· ········ ·· ·············· ········ 205 SIEDEL,H...... 489 PERRY,S.H .... .'...... ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 135 SIMON,S...... 159 PERUSINl,T...... 155 SIZOV,B...... 437 PERUZZl,R...... 1059 SJOBERG,L...... 233,1233 PETERSEN,K...... 631 SKOULIKIDIS,TH...... 1599 PETERSEN,M...... 977 SMITH,B.J...... 835 PIACENTl,F...... 885 SNETHLAGE,R...... 159,1265 PICCIOLl,C...... 201 SORLINl,C...... 1415 PLAGGE,R...... 461 SPADEA,P...... 155 PLEHWE-LEISEN, E.v...... 1029,1137,1325 SQUARCINA,T...... 423,1333 POLESELLO,S...... 1655 STADLBAUER,E...... 1285,1635 POLl,G...... 79,121 STEIGER,M...... 535, 1717 POSCHLOD,K...... 473 STERFLINGER,K...... 631 ,687 POSlSIL,P...... 29 STOREMYR,P...... 185 POZZI ,A...... 1655 SULOEVA,M.N...... 71 PRICE,C.A...... 1243 SULOVSKY,P...... 29 PROTZ.A...... 1387 TEXIER,A...... 1585 POHRINGER,J...... 545,907 THOMPSON,G.E...... 211 ,771 ,1557 ,1565,1573 PUERTAS,F...... 1547,1557,1565,1573 TIANO,P...... 885 QUARTA,G ...... 1075 TODOROV,V...... 1195 QUENEE,B...... 1585 TOMASZEWSKA-SZEWZYK,A...... 1371 RAFAl,N...... 1585 TONIOLO,L...... 1647,1655 RANALLl,G...... 1415 TOPAL,T...... 223,791 RA TTAZZI ,A...... 101 TORFS,K...... 265,783 REALINl ,M ...... 1647 TROILl ,M...... 281 RIZZl,G...... 879 TRUSSO,N...... 717 ROBY,T.C ...... 1015 TSAKONA,K...... 1599 ROCCA,P...... 1333 TWILLEY,J...... 239 ROHATSCH,A...... 759 URQ.UHART,D.C.M...... 593 ROSCH,H ...... 1285 URZl,C...... 609,625,717 ROSCH.H...... 1 VALE PARAPAR,J.F...... 89 ROSSETII , M...... 1663 VALLET,J.M...... 1297 ROSSl-DORIA,P ...... 1075 VALVERDE ESPINOSA.I...... 1617 RUDOLPH,M...... 441 VAN HEES,R.P.J...... 423,1687,1695,1737 RUDY,M...... 1727 VAN BALEN,K...... 1687,1737 SABBIONI, C...... 333 VAN DER KLUGT, L.J.A.R...... 1737 SAGAWA,H ...... 1383 VAN GRIEKEN,R...... 265,783 SAIZ-JIMENEZ,C...... 681 ,725 VAN HALM,T...... 239 SALVIONl,D...... 101 VAN HEES,R...... 1435,1687 SAMENO PUERTO,M...... 695 VANA,J...... 955 SANCHEZ DE ROJAS,M.I...... 1351 VANECEK,!...... 955 SANCHO,J...... 37 VASSILIEVA,O.A...... 1631 SANNA,U ...... 1051 VAUDAN,D...... 1097 SANTIAGO, C.C ...... 1171 VENDRELL-SAZ,M...... 61 ,609 SATTLER,L...... 1137 VERGES-BALMIN,V...... 1297 SAURET,T...... 969 VILES,H.A...... 557,831 SAWADA,M...... 1383 VITINA,I...... 477 SCHADLER-SAUB,U ...... 1635 VLASOV, D.Y...... 671 SCHAURICH,D...... 441 WACHOWIAK,M.l...... 1421 SCHIAVON,N...... 769 WAKEFIELD, R.D...... 703 SCHNEIDER,J...... 861 WARRACK,S...... 1607 SCHOSTAK,V...... 631 WARSCHEID,T ...... 631 ,1029 SCHUH,H...... 1635 WEBER,J...... 759,955 SCHUMANN.I ...... 1737 WEISE,F...... 441 SCHWEDA,P...... 233 WENDLER,E.. 1,1159, 1285,1325, 1345, 1635, 1717 SEBASTIAN PARDO,E...... 325,1617,1679 WENS,R...... 1489 SEQUEIRA BRAGA,M.A...... 371 ,481 WESSMAN,L...... 563 SHAR,M...... 1109 WHALLY ,W.8 ...... 835 WHEELER,G.S...... 1243,1255 WILIMZIG,M...... 579 WITIENBURG,C...... 377,1717 WOLF,B...... 631 ,637,687 WOLLENZIEN,U...... 631 WOOD, G.C ...... 211 ,1557,1565,1573 WYPYSKl,M.T...... 1255 YOUNG, M.E...... 593 ZENDRl,E...... 273 ZEUNERT,A...... 535 ZEZZA,A...... 801 ZSEMERY,ST...... 1577 ZUCCHETIA , E...... 1663