--=====~ 8th ...----~--- INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON DETERIORATION AND CONSERVATION OF STONE PROCEEDINGS VOLUME 1 Berlin · Germany · 30.9. - 4.10.1996 Proceedings of the 8th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone Berlin, 30. Sept. - 4. Oct. 1996 Edited by: Josef Riederer Published in Germany in 1996 ISBN 3-00-000779-2 Redaktion: Christel Riederer, Am Waldpark 12, 13467 Berlin, Germany Druck: moller druck und verlag gmbh Oraniendamm 48 13469 Berlin Telefon (030) 419 09-0 Telefax (030) 402 50 71 _____ ........,_ ____- Scientific Committee V. Romanovsky (president) La Rochelle A. Arnold Zurich S. Bradley London P.de Henau Bruxelles J. Delgado Rodriguez Lisbon W. Domaslowski Torun R. Esbert Oviedo V. Furlan Lausanne A.E. Charola New York C. Jaton Champs sur Marne M. Laurenzi - Tabasso Rome L. Lazzarini Venice I. Pallot-Frossard Cha~ps sur Marne J. Riederer Berlin R. Rossi - Manaresi Bologna 0 . Salvadori Venice Th . Skoulikides Athens Programm Committee B. Arnold Brandenburgisches Landesamt tur Denkmalpflege, Berlin A. Ehling Bundesanstalt fi.ir Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Berlin S. Fitz Umweltbundesamt, Berlin G. Hauff Fachhochschule tur Architektur, Potsdam D. Hoffmann Bundesanstalt fi.ir Materialforschung und -prufung, Berlin Ch. Klenner PreuBische Stiftung Schlosser und Garten, Potsdam J. Riederer Rathgen-Forschungslabor der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin S. Wallasch Zentrum fi.ir Handwerk und Denkmalpflege, Potsdam CONTENTS Weathering of natural stone VISSER,H., GERVAIS.A., GERVAIS,K., NEUMANN,H.-H., ROSCH.H. and WENDLER,E.: Recognition of stone provenance and case histories of deterioration of two ancient ELBE Sandstone tombstones from Hamburg and Hanover (northern Germany) ... .. .. .............. ................ LOFVENDAHL,R. : Gotland sandstone in swedish buildings.......... .................................... ................................... 11 HOLZWARTH,D.: Building stone from Southern Palatinate (western side of the Oberrhein- graben) and their petrographical and geotechnical properties..... .. ......................... .............. .. ... ..... 21 SULOVSKY,P., GREGOROVA,M. and POSPISIL,P. : Mineralogical study of stone decay in Charles Bridge, Prague..... ...... ............ ............ .. .................. ... .. .................. .. .. .. ....................... .... .. 29 MARTIN.A. and SANCHO,J.: Differential alteration of a calcarenite............ 37 MONTEALEGRE,L. , BARRIOS,J. and NIETO,M.: The materials of construction of the west wall of the mosque of Cordoba (Spain) and their deterioration.. ....................... ... ......... ........ ......... 51 GARCIA-VALLES,M., MOLERA,J. and VENDRELL-SAZ,M.: Man induced deterioration in the gothic cloister of "Palau de la Generalitat" (Barcelona-Spain)..................................................... 61 MIKHAILOV,A.A. and SULOEVA, M.N.: Mapping material damages of limestone and sandstone on the territory of the european part of Russia. ... .. ............ ................... ... .. .................... 71 MORONl,B. and POLl,G.: Lithology and weathering of Scaglia limestone.. ....................... ............... 79 VILLEGAS SANCHEZ,R. , MARTIN GARCiA,L., VALE PARAPAR,J.F., BELLO L6PEZ,M.A. and ALCALDE MORENO,M.: Characterization and conservation of the stone used in the Cathedral of Almeria (Spain).................................. .............. ..... ........ .. ............... .......... .. ..... .......... 89 RATTAZZl,A., CAMAITl,M. and SALVIONl,D.: The statues of the apostles from the main doorway of the church of the Monastery of Batalha (Portugal): analysis of degradation forms in relation to ancient treatments.... ....... .. ..................................... ................................ ........ 101 GONzALEZ LIM6N,T. and ALVAREZ DE BUERGO BALLESTER,M.: Analysis of the deterioration causes of the petrous fa<;ades of the Communications Palace, Madrid, Spain........... ........... ....... ............................... ............... .. ................. .. .. ... .. .......... ........ .... ...... .. .. ... .. 109 MORONl,B. and POLl,G. : Weathering of marble and calcareous breccia in the lateral facade of Foligno Cathedral: influence of lithology and role of exposure......... ........ .. .. .................. 121 DUFFY.AP. and PERRY,S.H.: The mechanisms and causes of Portland limestone decay- a case study........................................................ .... ................. .................. .... ... .. .................. ....... 135 KRAGE,L. : Environmental studies: Artificial corrosion of untreated and treated Sarema Dolomite.................................................... ................. .......... ........ .. ............ ...... ............................ 147 SPADEA,P. , PERUSINl,T. and FRANGIAPANE,E.: Dolostones used in Middle Age Friuli (NE Italy).................... .. ....... ................................................ ...... ............................. ..... .. ........ ... ... 155 SIMON,S. and SNETHLAGE,R. : Marble weathering in Europe - Results of the EUROCARE - EUROMARBLE Exposure Programme 1992 - 1994................. ......................... .... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. 159 KOHLER,W.: Investigations on the increase in the rate of weathering of Carrara marble in Central Europe.................................... ................ .................... ............................... ............. .. ..... .. 167 SHARMA,R.K. and GUPTA,H.O.: Characterisation of oolithic textured stone accretions and erosion phenomenon of an excavated structure, Rani Ki Vav, Patan............... ... ........ .. ................ 175 STOREMYR,P.: A study on the weathering of Norwegian greenschist........... .............. ..................... 185 CINQUEGRANA,L., ANDRIA,S. and PICCIOLl,C.: Some cases of alteration and degradation of yellow and grey tuft-stone in the "Campania" area..................................... ... ....... ...... ............... 201 PEREZ-ORTIZ.A., ORDAZ,J., ESBERT, R.M., ALONSO,F.J. and DIAZ- PACHE,F. : Physical behaviour and degradation trends in an anisotropic granite...... .. ..... ............. .. ......... ... .... 205 JONES, M.S., O'BRIEN, P. F., HANEEF, S.J., THOMPSON, G.E., WOOD, G.C. and COOPER,T.P.: A study of decay occuring in Leinster granite, House No.9, Trinity College, Dublin............................................ .............. ......................... ............. .. ... .. ...... ... ............. .. ... ....... .. 211 TOPAL,T. and DOYURAN,V.: The physico-chemical properties of the weathered Cappado- cian tuff and their significance on conservation studies .. ... ...... .. ............ ....... .. .......... .. ... ............... 223 SCHWEDA,P. and SJOBERG,L. : Weathering of chlorite to chlorite/ smectite mixed-layers in Proterozoic metapelites - a link between acid deposition and rock deterioration? .... .. ... .. .......... 233 LEAVENGOOD,P., TWILLEY,J. and VAN HALM,T.: lsamu Noguchi's "Black SunR: Investigation of a cracking phenomenon .. ......... .... ............................... ....................... ................ 239 SHELFORD.A. and INKPEN,R. : The assessment of geological structures as constraints on stone decay ......................... .. ...... ... ........ ..................................... ... ... ......... ......... ....................... 253 TORFS,K., VAN GRIEKEN,R. and CASSAR,J.: Monitoring of environmental parameters to explain stone deterioration: Church of Sta. Marija Ta'Cwerra, Malta .. .... .. ................ .. ....... ........... 265 Environmental influences on stone ZENDRl,E., BISCONTIN,G., BAKOLAS,A. and FINOTTO,G.: Simulated study on the chemical and physical decay of the acid rain on carbonate stones ... .......... ... ........ .. .. ...... ..... ........ · 273 LORUSSO,S., TROILl,M., BIONDl,F. and MARABELLl,M.: Air quality of historic cities and deterioration of monuments: case-studies in Rome and Tivoli ... ... ........... ............................ ·· ········ 281 CADOT-LEROUX,L. : Rural nitrogeneous pollution and deterioration of granitic monuments: Results of a statistical study .. .. ...... ... .... .......... ... .. ....... ........................ ..... ... ...... ................... .. ..... .. 301 CARRETERO,M.I. and GALAN,E.: Marine spray and urban pollution as main factors of stone damage of Malaga Cathedral (Spain) ..... ......... ................ ......... .......... ........... .......... .. ......... 311 DE LA TORRE LOPEZ,M.J. and SEBASTIAN PARDO,E.: The effect of urban pollution on construction materials: stone and brick ........... .. .......... ... ............... ............ ............. ....... ... ...... ..... 325 SABBIONI, C., ZAPPIA,G. , GHEDINl,N. and GOBBl,G.: Carbon due to atmospheric deposition on stone monuments and historical buildings ... ... ....... ............ ........ ........... .... .......... .. .. 333 GIRARDET,F. and FURLAN,V.: Reactivite des pierres au S02 atmospherique, etude en chambre de simulation et correlation avec les mesures en site reel. ......... ... ........... ............... ...... 341 GIRARDET,F., FURLAN,V., AUSSET,E.P., DEL MONTE, M., JEANNETTE,D. and LEFEVRE,R.-A.: Etude experimentale de la prise en soufre d'un calcaire etd'un gres calcareux dans la chambre de simulation atmospherique de Lausanne ..... .................... .. ............ 349 DERBEZ,M. and LEFEVRE,R.-A.: Le contenu microparticulaire des croOtes gypseuses de la Cathedrale Saint-Gatien de Tours - com pa raison avec I' air et la pluie .. .... .. .. .. .......................... .