Citizen Response to a Violent Intruder

Home , Lockdown (2013), Lockdown (2016)

Alert Lockdown Inform Counter Evacuate

“Anywhere, Anytime, Any reason”

Are they prepared for when Today is not like Yesterday?...

• Founded 2001 • Law Enforcement • School Admin

Greg Crane Lisa Crane

• active shooter noun \ˈak-tiv\ \ˈshü-tər\

“is an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined space or other populated area. In most cases, active shooters use firearms and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims”

- US Department of Homeland Security

“In the last four years, there has been a nearly 150% increase in the number of people shot and killed in connection with active shooter incidents.”

- US Attorney General Eric Holder 10/21/2013

It CAN happen anywhere . . . .

• COLUMBINE High School • SANDY HOOK Elementary • VIRGINIA TECH University K-12 Schools • CHARDON High School

It CAN happen anywhere . . . .

• Washington Naval Yard • Fort Hood • Gabby Giffords Government • “Going Postal” Agencies

It CAN happen anywhere . . . .

• Aurora Theater Theater (Aurora, CO)

• Clackamas Mall (Happy Valley, OR)

Work/Shop

• Hartford Distributors (Manchester, CT)

• Accent Signage (Minneapolis, MN)

• EMCORE Corp (ALBUQUERQUE, NM)

Columbine High School

Date: 4/20/1999 Injured: 24 Deceased: 13 Duration: 49 minutes

Date: 4/16/2007 Injured: 25 Deceased: 32 Duration: 11 minutes

Sandy Hook

Date: 12/14/2012 Injured: 2 Deceased: 26 Duration: 5 minutes

Chardon HS

Date: 2/27/2012 Injured: 3 Deceased: 3 Duration: <1 min

Date: 1/8/2011 Injured: 13 Deceased: 6 Duration: <2 min

Date: 7/20/2012 Injured: 58 Deceased: 12 Duration: <5 min

Date: 8/3/2010 Injured: 2 Deceased: 8 Duration: <7 min

Date: 11/5/2009 Injured: 31 Deceased: 13 Duration: 10 minutes

Date: 9/27/2012 Injured: 3 Deceased: 6 Duration: <6 minutes

Others 12%

Business Business Outdoors School Business 19% 40% Outdoors is the most Others frequent

location. School 29%

J. Pete Blair and M. Hunter Martaindale, “United States Active Shooter Events from 2000 to 2010” (San Marcos, TX) Texas State University, 2013. Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved 19 Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved 20 Why is Citizen Preparation Necessary?

. 25 years of mass shooting events have yielded a national average for the response time of Law Enforcement to an Active Killer scene.

. How long:

. 25 years of mass shooting events have yielded a national average for the average arrival response time of Law Enforcement to an Active Killer scene.

. How long: 5-6 Minutes

Aggressor is in Control

Aggressor can move Freely -VS-

Occupants give up Control

Occupants Movements Restricted

Safety depends on the Does not work if shooters to aggressor is in room inability get through a door.

Overrides Assumes Flight/Fight instinct everyone is in same amount of danger Incorrectly must trains Freeze at worst Police Rescue possible time before shooter enters room

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved 25 Can a Single Strategy Fail??? ALICE is based on the premise that: • information, • authorization, • empowerment, • and training, related to Survival Options, are the key to surviving an Active Shooter event.

. Fight: Counter Strategies

. Flight: Evacuate

. Freeze: Lockdown (Secure-in-Place)

How should they rank?

JUMPED & STAYED DOWN BARRICADED Room 210 Room 206 - 14 Room 204 – 19 Room 200 No Class Present Present No Class Killed – 10 Killed – 2 Wounded -2 Wounded - 3

Hallway – Killed 1

STAYED DOWN BARRICADED BARRICADED AFTER 1ST TIME Offices Room 211 – 19 Room 207 – 13 Room 205 – Present Present 12 Present Killed – 12 Killed – 5 Killed – 0 Wounded - 6 Wounded - 6 Wounded – 0

Common Sense, just not Common Knowledge Alert Lockdown Inform Counter Evacuate

ALICE is NOT a linear, progressive response.

Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved Alert . Information is the key to good decisions . Information should flow in all directions . Provide as much initial intel as possible to as many people as possible . Use any and all available means: Texts, PA, Digital Signage, Web, Twitter, Facebook, BELS, etc. . May be your sensory inputs

Change this…

How else will To THIS! visitors know?

. Excellent starting point . When should doors be locked? . Before, During, or After? . Locked doors provide a time barrier. Locks can, and have been defeated.

. BARRICADE: The idea is to create a stronghold that nobody can breach… BE A HARDER TARGET!

. Once Lockdown is in effect no one should be allowed into a secure room under any circumstances. Only open your locked door for uniformed police personnel.

. As real-time information as possible will be provided by all means possible.

. Use this information to make single or collective decisions as to the best option for survival.

. Be flexible because the situation will be dynamic and fluid

. The “bad guy” is not usually a highly skilled shooter.

. Engage in acts that will require very high skill level: . Noise . Movement . Distance . Distractions

. Barricading, Cover and Concealment . Evade/Escape . SWARM . Removing and Securing the Weapon . Contact with Law Enforcement

. Only 2% of Violent Intruder events have been by more than one person. . If he is inside, you get outside. . Cannot use car to evacuate . Reunification points established

If it is going to take an aggressive act to stop the killing, who do we hope is committing this act first?

Citizens and Police

Shooter

Source: NYPD, Active Shooter, Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigation. 2011

• October 2008 • Known as the 3-Outs Program • Get Out • Hide Out • Take Out

• October 2009 • Do not have a one-size fits all plan. • Teachers choose to Evacuate or Lockdown • Authorize decisions to be made • Active Resistance is an option

• February 2013 • Specifically names ALICE and Run, Hide, Fight as an official State recommendations for AS response plans.

• June 2013 • Lockdown does not mean stand-alone defensive strategy of Securing in Place • Evacuate, Barricading, Counter • For Staff and Students Copyright 2014 – All Rights Reserved US Dept of Ed REMS Recommendations

• June 2013 • Has to be the end of LOCKDOWN only as the response plan for schools.

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