Ichthyology Fall 2007

Aquarium of the Pacific Field Trip Question Set 4

The Aquarium of the Pacific is a great place to watch and learn about fishes. The aquarium has a huge variety of species in displays that approximate natural environments. This gives us the opportunity to see a much wider range of species than we would normally encounter off our coast and to observe them swimming and behaving fairly naturally, which is otherwise difficult without scuba diving or snorkeling.

Main Goals: • Introduce you to a wide range of fish species • Observe swimming modes

General Instructions: 1. Identify Families of Fishes Using the list of orders and families of fishes that you are required to know for this class (provided on the back of this page), identify species in the aquarium in as many of the families as possible. Common names are ok. Write the name of one or more species next to each family. (Not all families are present in the aquarium.)

2. Observe Swimming Modes Fishes propel themselves through the water in many different ways. We will discuss some of these ways in detail during a future lecture. But in the meantime, you should take advantage of this great opportunity to observe how fishes actually get around in the water. Fishes can use any combination of their fins and body to propel themselves. The mode of swimming can be divided into two general types: Body-Caudal-Fin propulsion (BCF) and Median-and-Paired-Fin propulsion (MPF), depending on which body parts are primarily responsible for generating propulsive forces. BCF swimming is what you probably think of as typical swimming for a fish: the body wriggles from side to side (undulates) and the tail swings back and forth as wave of muscular contractions pass down the body of the fish. In MPF swimming, the propulsive force is generated by the paired fins (pectorals normally) or the unpaired fins (usually the dorsal or anal) but not by the body itself. Many fishes use sculling or rowing of their pectoral fins to propel themselves. Others use undulations that pass along the length of the dorsal or anal fins. Still others use undulations that pass along their pectoral fins. You should observe each of these modes of swimming while at the aquarium.

List one or more species that generate propulsive forces in each of the following ways:

• BCF undulation: ______

• MPF rowing with pectoral fins: ______

• MPF undulation of pectoral fins: ______

• MPF undulation of dorsal or anal fins: ______

Ichthyology Fall 2007

Myxiniformes Clupeiformes Beloniformes Myxinidae Clupeidae Exocoetidae Engraulidae Hemirhamphidae Petromyzontiformes Belonidae Petromyzontidae Cypriniformes Scomberesocidae Cyprinidae Chimaeriformes Catostomidae Cyprinodontiformes Chimaeridae Fundulidae Characiformes Cyprinodontidae Heterodontiformes Characidae Poeciliidae Heterodontidae Siluriformes Beryciformes Lamniformes Ictaluridae Holocentridae Lamnidae Pimelodidae Gasterosteiformes Carcharhiniformes Gymnotiformes Gasterosteidae Carcharhinidae Gymnotidae Syngnathidae

Squaliformes Argentiformes Scorpaeniformes Squalidae Microstomatidae Agonidae Cottidae Rajiformes Salmoniformes Hexagrammidae Rhinobatidae Salmonidae Scorpaenidae Rajidae Esociformes Perciformes Myliobatiformes Esocidae Acanthuridae Dasyatidae Apogonidae Stomiiformes Blenniidae Coelacanthiformes Gonostomatidae Callionymidae Latimeridae Sternoptychidae Carangidae Stomiidae Centrarchidae Ceratodontiformes Chaetodontidae Protopteridae Aulopiformes Cichlidae Synodontidae Clinidae Polypteriformes Embiotocidae Polypteridae Myctophiformes Gobiesocidae Myctophidae Gobiidae Acipenseriformes Istiophoridae Acipenseridae Gadiformes Kyphosidae Polyodontidae Merluccidae Labridae Macrouridae Polyprionidae Lepisosteiiformes Pomacanthidae Lepisosteidae Ophidiiformes Pomacentridae Ophidiidae Scaridae Amiiformes Sciaenidae Amiidae Batrachoidiformes Scombridae Batrachoididae Serranidae Osteoglossiformes Stichaeidae Osteoglossidae Lophiiformes Stromateidae Notopteridae Antennariidae Xiphiidae Mormyridae Oneirodidae Pleuronectiformes Elopiformes Mugiliformes Paralichthyidae Elopidae Mugilidae Pleuronectidae Cynoglossidae Albuliformes Atheriniformes Albulidae Atherinopsidae Tetraodontiformes Balistidae Anguilliformes Tetraodontidae Muraenidae Diodontidae