APPENDIX Classification of Living Fishes (Based on Nelson, 1984). All
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APPENDIX Classification of living fishes (based on Nelson, 1984). All Orders but only selected Families relevant to the text are given. Superclass: AGNATHA (jawless fishes) Order: Myxiniformes (hagfishes) Order: Petromyzontiformes (lampreys) Superclass: GNATHOSTOMATA (jawed fishes) Class: Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) Subclass: Holocephali Order: Chimaeriformes (chimaeras) Subclass: Elasmobranchii (sharks and rays) Order: Hexanchiformes e.g. cow shark : Heterodontiformes e.g. Port Jackson shark : Lamniformes e.g. basking shark, mackerel shark : Squaliformes e.g. dogfish : Rajiformes (sharks and rays) Class: Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Subclass: Dipneusti (lungfishes) Order: Ceratodontiformes : Lepidosireniformes Subclass: Crossopterygii Order: Coelacanthiformes e.g. Latimeria Subclass: Brachiopterygii (bichirs) Order: Polypteriformes e.g. Polypterus Subclass: Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Infrac1ass: Chondrostei Order: Acipenseriformes (sturgeons and paddlefish) Infrac1ass: Neopterygi 'Holosteans' Order: Lepisosteiformes (gars) : Amiiformes (bowfin) 190 FISH ECOLOGY 'Teleosts' Order: Osteoglossiformes e.g. Osteoglossidae, Mormyridae, Gymnar chidae Elopiformes e.g. Megalopidae (tarpons) Notacanthiformes e.g. Halosauridae Anguilliformes e.g. Anguillidae (eels) Clupeiformes e.g. Clupeidae (herrings), Engraulidae (an chovies) 'Superorder Ostariophysi' Order: Gonorynchiformes e.g. Chanidae (milkfish) Cypriniformes e.g. Cyprinidae (carps etc.), Catostomidae (suckers), Cobitididae (loaches) Characiformes e.g. Curimatidae Siluriformes (catfishes) e.g. Ictaluridae, Loricariidae, Ariidae Gymnotiformes e.g. Gymnotidae 'Superorder: Protoacanthopterygii' Order: Salmoniformes e.g. Salmonidae (salmon, trout, char, whitefish), Esocidae (pikes), Umbridae (mud minnows) 'Superorder: Stenopterygii' Order: Stomiiformes e.g. Gonostomatidae, Stomiidae 'Superorder: Scopelomorpha' Order: Aulopiformes e.g. Synodontidae : Myctophiformes e.g. Myctophidae (lanternfishes) 'Superorder: Paracanthopterygii' Order: Percopsiformes e.g. Percopsidae (troutperches) Gadiformes: Gadidae (cods), Macrouridae (rattails) Ophidiiformes Batrachoidiformes Lophiiformes (anglerfishes) e.g. Ceratiidae Gobiesociformes e.g. Gobiesocidae (clingfishes) 'Superorder: Acanthopterygii' Order: Cyprindontiformes e.g. Exocoetidae (flyingfishes), Cyprino dontidae (killifishes), Poeciliidae Atheriniformes e.g. Atherinidae (silversides) Lampriformes Beryciformes e.g. Holocentridae (squirrelfishes) Zeiformes e.g. Zeidae (dories) Gasterosteiformes e.g. Gasterosteidae (sticklebacks) Indostomiformes Pegasiformes e.g. Pegasidae (sea moths) APPENDIX 191 Syngnathiformes e.g. Syngnathidae (pipefish and seahorses) Dactylopteriformes Synbranchiformes e.g. Synbranchidae (swamp eels) Scorpaeniformes e.g. Scorpaenidae (rockfishes), Cottidae (sculpins) Perciformes e.g. Percidae, Cichlidae, Centrarchidae, Chaetodontidae, Pomacentridae, Scombridae, Carangidae Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes) e.g. Pleuronectidae (plaice) Tetraodontiformes e.g. Balisitidae (triggerfish), Molidae (sunfish) Telraodonliformes Pleuronecliformes ~ '----- Perciformes Synbrcnchiformes'\. 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