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Apletodon Gabonensis, a New Species of Clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from Gabon, Eastern Atlantic Ocean

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Apletodon Gabonensis, a New Species of Clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from Gabon, Eastern Atlantic Ocean Arquipelago - Life and Marine Sciences ISSN: 0873-4704 Apletodon gabonensis, a new species of clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from Gabon, eastern Atlantic Ocean RONALD FRICKE AND PETER WIRTZ Fricke, R. and P. Wirtz 2018. Apletodon gabonensis, a new species of clingfish (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from Gabon, eastern Atlantic Ocean. Arquipelago. Life and Marine Sciences 36: 1 - 8. The clingfish Apletodon gabonensis sp. nov. is described on the basis of seven specimens and colour photographs from Gabon, eastern Atlantic Ocean. The species is small, apparently not exceeding 20 mm total length; it is characterized by having 5 dorsal-fin rays, 4-5 anal-fin rays, 25-27 pectoral-fin rays, head width in males 2.6-4.7 in SL, anus in males with urogenital papilla present but not pronounced; snout long, broad, anteriorly truncate in male, narrower and rather pointed in female; preorbital length 1.8-3.8 in head length; conspicuous maxillary barbel absent in both sexes; disc with 10-12 rows of papillae in region A, 5 rows of papillae in region B, and 5-7 rows of papillae in region C. The new species is compared with the other species of the genus; a key to the males of the 6 known species of the eastern Atlantic genus Apletodon is presented. Key words: clingfishes, systematics, Gabon, distribution, identification key. Ronald Fricke (e-mail: [email protected]), Im Ramstal 76, 97922 Lauda-Königshofen, Germany. PeterWirtz (e.mail: [email protected]), Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, PT-8005-139 Faro, Portugal. Zoo-Bank registration: http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:97E49008-039E-4500-B8FF- CFAF1A3FAA65. INTRODUCTION Africa]. In a recent review of the Gobiesocidae of the eastern Atlantic, a total of 13 species was The clingfishes of the family Gobiesocidae are recognized to occur in the area (Fricke et al. distributed worldwide in tropical and temperate 2016). Subsequently, Diplecogaster umutturali seas, some also living in freshwater streams of the was described from Turkey by Bilecenoğlu et al. tropics. They occur on hard substrata, usually on (2017), and Lecanogaster gorgoniphila from São rocky bottom or in coral reefs, mostly in shallow Tomé and Principe by Fricke &Wirtz (2017). waters. Clingfishes are characterized by The clingfish genus Apletodon was first possessing an adhesive disc formed by the pelvic described by Briggs (1955) on the basis of fins, the head depressed, the skin naked, one Lepadogaster microcephalus Brook,1890 (a dorsal and anal fin each, and several specialized junior synonym of Apletodon dentatus); the genus osteological characters. The family was revised was characterized within the subfamily by Briggs (1955), who distinguished 9 species Lepadogastrinae by having 3 1/2 gills, the gill from the eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean, membranes attached to the isthmus, the disc all belonging to the subfamily Lepadogastrinae. double, the dorsal and anal fins with strong rays, In addition, there was a single species of normal, the subopercular region without a spine, Chorisochisminae from the southeastern Atlantic 20-29 pectoral fin rays, the presence of small [Chorisochismus dentex (Pallas, 1769) from South incisors in front of each jaw followed by 1-3 well 1 Fricke and Wirtz developed canines, and 6 rakers on the first gill snout to the middle of the caudal fin base), 'TL' to arch. Hofrichter & Patzner (1997) found that total length (measured from the tip of the snout to Apletodon species have often been confused with the end of the caudal fin). The adhesive disc is the closely related genus Diplecogaster; they divided into 3 different areas: region A is the distinguished Apletodon by its 3 pores of the anterior portion, region B the posterior portion, lacrymal canal (2 in Diplecogaster), the first anal- and region C the centre of the disc (as illustrated fin ray usually situated below the 1st and 2nd by Briggs, 1955). In the description, data of the dorsal-fin ray (usually below 3rd dorsal-fin ray in holotype are given first, followed by data of the Diplecogaster), by the presence of anal papillae paratypes in parentheses. Fin rays are counted (absent in Diplecogaster), the presence of using the method of Fricke (1983), where spines caniniform and incisiform teeth (absent in are expressed as Roman numerals, unbranched Diplecogaster), and the thickening and dark soft rays are expressed as lower case Roman pigmentation of the fin membrane of the anterior numerals and branched rays as Arabic numerals. part of the dorsal and anal fin (normal in Subspecies classification is no longer used, Diplecogaster). Briggs (1986a, b) and Hofrichter following the method of Fricke et al. (2007); & Patzner (1997) distinguished 3 species of valid taxa of the species group formerly treated as Apletodon from the eastern Atlantic Ocean and subspecies are raised to species level. Specimens Mediterranean: A. dentatus, Mediterranean and cited in the present paper are deposited in the Black Seas to Scotland; A. incognitus, NW following collections: CCML (Colección Mediterranean Sea and Azores; A. pellegrini, Ictiologica, Departamento de Biología Animal, Madeira and Canary Islands along the west coast Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Biología, of Africa to Port Alfred, South Africa. Apletodon Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain); HUJ pellegrini was listed by Briggs (1990) from the (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Fish the Cape Verde, Canary, and Annobon Islands, Collection, Jerusalem, Israel); MNHN (Muséum north to Madeira, and south to South Africa, and National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France); by Vakily et al. (2002) from the Cape Verde SMNS (Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Islands and Senegal. Hofrichter et al. (2000) Stuttgart, Germany); ZSM (Zoologische described the habitat and ecological aspects of Staatssammlung München, Germany). Apletodon dentatus, and found the species off Brittany/France in hollow bulbs of the seaweed Saccorhiza polyschides. Apletodon incognitus RESULTS was recorded from the eastern Mediterranean by Bilecenoğlu and Kaya (2006). Apletodon wirtzi TAXONOMY Fricke, 2007 was described from São Tome and Apletodon gabonensis, n. sp. Principe, tropical eastern Atlantic (Fricke 2007: Gabon clingfish (Figs. 1-3, Tab. 1) 69; Wirtz et al. 2007: 17). Apletodon barbatus Zoo-Bank registration: Fricke, Wirtz and Brito, 2010 was described by http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:57A Fricke et al. (2010) from the Cape Verde Islands. 8D1D6-C499-4A92-872C-8058BF5B90F6 A sixth, previously unknown species of Apletodon was observed and collected on 22 Nov. TYPES 2017 by the second author in Gabon. It is Holotype. ZSM 47025, male, 19.6 mm SL, described in the present paper. eastern Atlantic Ocean, Gabon, Commune d’Akanda, 2.4 km southwest of Cap Esterias, 28 MATERIALS AND METHODS km northnorthwest of Libreville, 0°35.641'N 9°18.431'E, 1-2 m depth, P. Wirtz, 22 Nov. 2017. Methods follow Briggs (1955) and Hofrichter Paratypes. HUJ 20847, 1 male, 14.3 mm SL; Patzner (1997). The abbreviation 'SL' refers to the ZSM 47026, 2 males (12.4-12.8 mm SL) and 3 standard length (measured from the tip of the the females (8.2-15.9 mm SL); collection data as for snout to the middle of the caudal fin base), 'TL' to holotype. 2 Apletodon gabonensis, a new species of clingfish from Gabon Fig. 1. Apletodon gabonensis sp. nov., ZSM 47025, holotype, male, 19.6 mm SL, Gabon. A Lateral view; B dorsal view of head showing lateral-line system; C disc. Scale bar 4 mm. DIAGNOSIS Upper jaw with 2 (2) canines and 5 (4) incisors, A species of Apletodon with 5 dorsal-fin rays, 4-5 surrounded by numerous undifferentiated conical anal-fin rays, 25-27 pectoral-fin rays; head width teeth. Lower jaw with 2 (2) canines and 6 (6) in males 2.6-4.7 in SL; anus in males with incisors, surrounded by undifferentiated conical urogenital papilla present but not pronounced; teeth. anal-fin length in distance between anus and anal- Head lateral line system with 2 pores in nasal fin origin 1.2-1.5; snout long, broad, anteriorly canal, 2 pores in postorbital canal, 3 pores in truncate in male, narrower and rather pointed in lacrymal canal, 1 upper and 1 lower pore in female; preorbital length 1.8-3.8 in head length; preopercular canal, and no pores in mandibular conspicuous maxillary barbel absent in both canal. sexes; disc with 10-12 rows of papillae in region Head broad, depressed. Head length 32.6 (42.7- A, 5 rows of papillae in region B, and 5-7 rows of 44.1) % SL (2.3-3.1 in SL). Maximum body papillae in region C; head and body of male light depth 14.3 (16.8-18.3) % SL (5.5-7.0 in SL). brown, snout and cheeks green with white spots, Maximum head width 22.4 (21.4-38.3) % SL top of head with red spots, sides of body with five (2.6-4.7 in SL). Maximum (horizontal) orbit dark brown bars bearing white spots. diameter 8.7 (6.8-9.8) % SL (3.8-6.5 in head length). Snout long, broad, anteriorly truncate in DESCRIPTION male (Fig. 1B); narrower and rather pointed in Dorsal-fin v (v); anal-fin iv (v); pectoral-fin xxvi female. Preorbital length 17.9 (10.5-14.6) % SL (xxv-xxvii); pelvic-fin I, 4 (I, 4); caudal-fin xi(xi). (1.8-3.8 in head length), in males significantly Gill rakers on 3rd arch 10 (8-10). Measurements longer than in females. Interorbital distance 9.7 of the type specimens in Tab. 1. (8.8-11.0) % SL (3.4-4.6 in head length). Upper 3 Fricke and Wirtz jaw length 14.3 (14.5-19.5) % SL. Lower jaw length 10.2 (12.1-16.9) % SL.
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