Bulletin of Fish Biology Volume 13 Nos. 1/2 30.11.2011 65-69

Short note/Kurze Mitteilung

First record of the clingfi sh Apletodon dentatus (Gobiesocidae) in the Adriatic Sea and a description of a simple method to collect clingfi shes

Erster Nachweis des Schildfi sches Apletodon dentatus (Gobiesocidae) in der Adria und eine Beschreibung einer simplen Fangmethode für Schildfi sche

Simon Brandl1, Maximilian Wagner1, Robert Hofrichter2 & Robert A. Patzner2

1University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; [email protected]; 2University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr. 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.

Zusammenfassung: Zwei Exemplare der Schildfi schart Apletodon dentatus (Facciola, 1887) wurden in der Bucht von Sv. Petar auf der Insel Krk (nördliche Adria, Kroatien) gefangen. Dies ist der erste Nachweis dieser Art in der Adria. Eine einfache und effektive Methode Schildfi sche zu fangen, besteht darin, Teller umgekehrt auf das Substrat zu legen.Diese werden von den Schildfi schen als Höhle angenommen. Clingfi shes (Gobiesocidae) are small crypto- with common methods like nets and baited benthic fi shes, characterized by a scaleless and traps, a simple but effective collecting method fl attened body, an adhesive sucking disc at the was developed. ventral body surface and the absence of a swim To examine the occurrence of clingfish bladder. There are currently eight species known species, the bay Sv. Petar at the island of Krk, in the Mediterranean Sea: Apletodon dentatus Croatia, (fi g. 1) was chosen as it provides many (Facciola, 1887), Apletodon incognitus (Hofrichter different habitats, including a sandy bottom, a & Patzner, 1997), Diplecogaster bimaculata (Bon- sea grass meadow (Cymodocea nodosa), a rocky naterre, 1788), Gouania wildenowi (Risso, 1810), slope with different kinds of brown algae and a Lepadogaster candollei (Risso, 1810), Lepadogaster rocky ground with pebbles and stones. To catch lepadogaster (Bonnaterre, 1788), Lepadogaster pur- the clingfi shes, hand-nets were used as well as purea (Bonnaterre, 1788) and Opeatogenys gracilis a dredge to search in the sea grass in July and (Canestrini, 1864) (HOFRICHTER 1995, PATZNER August 2010. Furthermore, clove-oil was used & MOOSLEITNER 2003, 2010). In the Kvarner to anaesthetize fi sh in the fi eld. All kinds of area (northern Adriatic Sea), only G. wildenowi, fl at objects lying on the ground were lifted and L. candollei and L. lepadogaster were found up to examined to obtain an overview over the present now (KOVAČIĆ 1997). A. dentatus has its main clingfi sh-fauna. Furthermore, a new technique distribution around Great Britain and is a rare was performed: 55 common table plates of species on the Atlantic coasts of France, Spain different size and colour (black and white, large and Portugal as well as in the Mediterranean Sea and small, deep and fl at) were left upside down (HOFRICHTER & PATZNER 2000) (fi g. 1). on the substrate in different depths and habitats. As for many other small cryptobenthic fi sh- Hence a small cave was formed below the pla- species, the knowledge of the distribution of tes. The plates were left underwater for 6 days Mediterranean gobiesocids is very poor. This with examination and catching of clingfi shes is due to their small size, their hidden way of every second day, resulting in a total of 495 life, their perfect camoufl age and also the small examinations. Clingfi shes were put into plastic number of ichthyologists working on this family. bottles to bring them to the shore and identify As it is nearly impossible to catch clingfi shes the species. Identifi cation was performed using Bull. Fish Biol. 13 (1/2) 65 Fig. 1: Distribution of Apletodon dentatus (data from, GONÇALVES et al. 2002, BAT et al. 2006, HOFRICHTER unpublished). Area of investigation (insert: arrows). Abb. 1: Verbreitung von Apletodon dentatus (Daten von GONÇALVES et al. 2002, BAT et al. 2006, HOFRICHTER unpubliziert). Das Untersuchungsgebiet (Einsatz, Pfeile). morphological features and meristic data (total and shape (tab. 1). The plates were frequently length, standard length, head length, head width, occupied by different species of gobies (Gobi- ventral disc length, ventral disc width, eye dia- idae) which were also found to use the plates meter, interorbital distance). as a spawning substrate. Furthermore, the Sampling was done by SCUBA diving in coop- plates were occasionally occupied by blennies eration with the dive center “Correct-Diving”, (Blenniidae). Glavotok, Krk. Samples of Apletodon dentatus One A. dentatus was caught under a fl at stone in were fi xed in 96% ethanol and are stored partly the sea grass meadow (depth 9 m) while another at the Bavarian State Collection of Zoology one was found in the rocky area with brown (Zoologische Staatssammlung München) and algae (depth 5.7 m). Both were of male sex. partly at the Natural History Museum in Rijeka Before fi xation they had a total length (TL) of (Prirodoslovni Muzej Rijeka). 41 mm and 47 mm, respectively. The number The table plates in different habitats were in- of lachrymal pores was three, mandibular canals habited by Diplecogaster bimaculata, Lepadogaster were absent and the anal papilla was visible and candollei and in a single case probably also by A. remarkable. Anal and dorsal fi n started at the dentatus (tab. 1). A total of 18 clingfi shes were same distance from the head. There was one observed or caught during the 495 observations. row of papilla on both sides of the sucking disc Small deep plates (cup shaped, diameter 15 cm) (fi g. 2). According to HOFRICHTER (unpublished), were not settled at all. Plates of middle (25, 28 those features as well as the meristic data that cm) and large (35 cm) size were both settled, was taken after fi xation clearly identifi es the as well as fl at or deep plates without signifi cant specimens as Apletodon dentatus (tab. 2). difference. It was clearly shown that L. candollei Although the micro-habitats of the eastern only inhabited black plates, independent of size Atlantic and Mediterranean clingfi shes are most-

66 Tab. 1: Collecting success of table plates used as traps for clingfi shes. Colour: black (b) and white (w), shape: deep (d) and fl at (f). Tab. 1: Fangerfolg von Tellern als Reusen für Schildfi sche. Farbe: schwarz (b) und weiß (w), Form: tief (d) und fl ach (f).

*fi sh escaped ly well known (HOFRICHTER & PATZNER 2000, dentatus. Abundances of 10 to 20 specimens as GONÇALVES et al. 2002), the distribution areas they are known for Gouania wildenowi, Lepadogaster of some species are not clear up to now. A. den- candollei or Lepadogaster lepadogaster (HOFRICHTER tatus is a very rare species in the Mediterranean unpublished) have never been observed in the region (see fi g. 1). It was recently found on the present studies, whereas GONÇALVES et al. (2002) central Black Sea coast of Turkey for the fi rst referred about this, however, at the Atlantic time (BAT et al. 2006). There is also only poor coast of Portugal. Former investigations and knowledge about the population structure of A. the present study show that Mediterranean A. dentatus prefer to live at the boarder of rocky Tab. 2: Meristic data (mm) taken on fi xed individuals ground to the phytal with brown algae and also of two Apletodon dentatus caught at the island of Krk. Tab. 2: Meristische Daten in mm gemessen an fi xier- near sea grass. Further studies may show if this ten Individuen von zwei Apletodon dentatus gefangen species is different from other Mediterranean bei der Insel Krk. species concerning the cumulative occurrence during its spawning season. The rare fi ndings of this species and the possible mix-up with other species (Apletodon incognitus, Diplecogaster bimaculata) seem to be the reason for the mis- sing evidence of A. dentatus in the Adriatic Sea so far and also for the very few descriptions in the literature. It is easier to fi nd this species in the Atlantic Ocean, where Saccorhiza polyschides, a preferred habitat of A. dentatus, is common

Bull. Fish Biol. 13 (1/2) 67 Fig. 2 A-E: Apletodon dentatus. A Male 1. B Male 2. C Three lachrymal pores (arrows). D Sucking disc and anal papilla (arrow). E Note absence of mandibular canals (all Apletodon dentatus 1). Bar: 5 mm each. Abb. 2 A-E: Apletodon dentatus. A Männchen 1. B Männchen 2. C Drei Lachrymal-Poren (Pfeile). D Saug- scheibe und Analpapille (Pfeil). E Man beachte das Fehlen der Mandibularkanäle (alle Apletodon dentatus 1). Balken: jeweils 5 mm.

(HOFRICHTER & PATZNER 2000, HOFRICHTER et substrate and led to the idea to use dining al. 2000, GONÇALVES et al. 2002). plates as an imitation of empty shells and thus A. dentatus is not only posing questions con- attract D. bimaculata and other clingfi sh species. cerning its biology but also about its taxonomic How ever, the question arises, why the fi shes position. This applies in general for the relations preferred large plates over the smaller, more between Eastern-Atlantic and Mediterranean shell-like structure of the small cup-shaped clingfi shes, which were consolidated as Lepa- plates. We presently lack a clear explanation for dogastrinae by BRIGGS (unpublished). After the this behaviour although it seems likely that the description of A. incognitus by HOFRICHTER & depth of a structure is a more signifi cant factor PATZNER (1997) two more species of Apletodon than the diameter, as large plates were occupied have been discovered: A. wirtzi (FRICKE 2007) frequently. and A. barbatus (FRICKE et al. 2010), again high- Nevertheless, more research is needed to lighting the scarce knowledge about this genus. further elucidate the biology and ecology of HOFRICHTER (unpublished) observed that A. dentatus and other clingfi shes. Together with especially D. bimaculata and L. candollei prefer visual search under fl at objects as well as the anthropogenic structures with a smooth inner use of anaesthetics the described method might surface for spawning. This is probably due to help to increase our knowledge about these their fondness for empty shells as a spawning cryptobenthic species.

68 Acknowledgements biesocidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes 63, 333–339. We thank Dr. Marcelo KOVAČIĆ (Natural His- HOFRICHTER, R., & R.A. PATZNER. 1997. A new species tory Museum Rijeka, Croatia) for valuable of Apletodon from the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic with notes on the differentiation comments. Also thanks to Branko and Mari- between Apletodon- and Diplecogaster-species (Pi- jana GASPAR and the crew of their dive-center sces: Gobiesociformes: Gobiesocidae). Sencken- “Correct-Diving” (Krk) for all kinds of support. bergiana biologica 77, 15-22. HOFRICHTER, R., & R.A. PATZNER. 2000. Habitat and Literature microhabitat of Mediterranean clingfi shes (Tele- ostei: Gobiesocifi ormes: Gobiesocidae). P.S.Z.N. BAT, L., G. DEMIRCI, & M. ÖZTÜRK. 2006. Occurrence Marine Ecology 21, 41–53. of Apletodon dentatus bacescui (Murgoci, 1940) (Go- HOFRICHTER, R., T. BREINING, & R.A. PATZNER. biesocidae) and Coryphoblennius galerita (Linnaeus, 2000. Habitat selection and feeding ecology of 1758) (Blenniidae) at the central Black Sea coast two Atlantic clingfi sh species, Apletodon dentatus of Turkey. Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean and Diplecogaster bimaculata in Brittany, France. Environment 12, 59–65. Zeitschrift für Fischkunde 5, 71-81. BRIGGS, J.C. 1955. A monograph of the clingfi shes KOVAČIĆ, M. 1997. Cryptobenthic gobies (Pisces, (order Xenopterygii). Stanford Ichthyological Perciformes, Gobiidae) and clingfi shes (Pisces, Bulletin 6, 1–224. Gobiesociformes, Gobiesocidae) in the Kvarner FRICKE, R. 2007. A new species of the clingfi sh Area, Adriatic Sea. Natura Coratica 6, 423-435. genus Apletodon (Teleostei: Gobiesocidae) from PATZNER, R.A., & H. MOOSLEITNER, 2003. Checkliste Sao Tome and Principe, Eastern Central Atlantic. deutscher Populärnamen und wissenschaftlicher Ichthyological Research 54, 68–73. Namen der Fische im Mittelmeer. Zeitschrift für FRICKE, R., P. WIRTZ, & A. BRITO. 2010. A new species Fischkunde 6, 49-71. of the clingfi sh genus Apletodon (Teleostei: Go- PATZNER, R.A., & H. MOOSLEITNER, 2010. Ergän- biesocidae) from the Cape Verde Islands, Eastern zungen zur Checkliste deutscher Populärnamen Central Atlantic. Ichthyological Research 57, 91–97. und wissenschaftlicher Namen der Fische im GONÇALVES, E., M. BARBOSA, H.N. CABRAL, & Mittelmeer. Bulletin of Fish Biology 11, 99-107. M. HENRIQUES. 2002. Ontogenetic shifts in patterns of microhabitat utilization in the Received: 22.06.2011 small-headed clingfish, Apletodon dentatus (Go- Accepted: 25.06.2011

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