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Freshwater Fishes of North America Freshwater Fishes of North America © 2019 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-82339_Warren_ch00_1P.indd 1 10/24/19 10:32 PM Freshwater Fishes of North Amer i ca VOLUME 2 Characidae to Poeciliidae Edited by Melvin L. Warren, Jr., and Brooks M. Burr With Anthony A. Echelle, Bernard R. Kuhajda, and Stephen T. Ross Illustrated by Joseph R. Tomelleri Johns Hopkins University Press BALTIMORE © 2019 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-82339_Warren_ch00_1P.indd 3 10/24/19 10:32 PM This page intentionally left blank Freshwater Fishes of North Amer i ca VOLUME 2 Characidae to Poeciliidae Edited by Melvin L. Warren, Jr., and Brooks M. Burr With Anthony A. Echelle, Bernard R. Kuhajda, and Stephen T. Ross Illustrated by Joseph R. Tomelleri Johns Hopkins University Press BALTIMORE © 2019 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-82339_Warren_ch00_1P.indd 3 10/24/19 10:32 PM © 2020 Johns Hopkins University Press All rights reserved. Published 2020 Printed in China on acid- free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Johns Hopkins University Press 2715 North Charles Street Baltimore, Mary land 21218-4363 www . press . jhu . edu Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Freshwater fishes of North Amer i ca / edited by Melvin L. Warren, Jr., and Brooks M. Burr ; illustrated by Joseph R. Tomelleri. volumes cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4214-1201-6 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-4214-1202-3 (electronic) ISBN-10: 1-4214-1201-2 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4214-1202-0 (electronic) 1. Freshwater fishes—North Amer i ca. I. Warren, Melvin L., Jr., editor of compilation. II. Burr, Brooks M., editor of compilation. QL625.F74 2014 597.176— dc23 2013015264 ISBN-13: 978-1-4214-3512-1 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-4214-3513-8 (electronic) ISBN-10: 1-4214-3512-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4214-3513-6 (electronic) A cata log rec ord for this book is available from the British Library. Special discounts are available for bulk purchases of this book. For more information, please contact Special Sales at 410-516 -6936 or specialsales@press . jhu . edu. Johns Hopkins University Press uses environmentally friendly book materials, including recycled text paper that is composed of at least 30 percent post- consumer waste, whenever pos si ble. © 2019 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-82339_Warren_ch00_1P.indd 4 10/24/19 10:32 PM Robert C. Cashner (1941–2018) Friend, teacher, mentor, leader, and stellar freshwater ichthyologist. We miss you, Bob. © 2019 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-82339_Warren_ch00_1P.indd 5 10/24/19 10:32 PM This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Contributors ix Preface xi Melvin L. Warren, Jr., and Brooks M. Burr Acknowl edgments xix Chapter 14 Characidae: Characins 1 Norman Mercado- Silva, Claudia P. Ornelas- García, Juan Jacobo Schmitter- Soto, Nicholas J. Gidmark, and Andrew M. Simons Chapter 15 Ictaluridae: North American Catfishes 23 Brooks M. Burr, Melvin L. Warren, Jr., and Micah G. Bennett Chapter 16 Ariidae: Sea Catfishes 101 Matthew R. Thomas and Ricardo Betancur- R. Chapter 17 Heptapteridae: Seven- finned Catfishes 123 Matthew R. Thomas and Mark Henry Sabaj Chapter 18 Osmeridae: Smelts 149 Robert L. Hopkins II and Melvin L. Warren, Jr. Chapter 19 Esociformes: Esocidae, Pikes, and Umbridae (Mudminnows) 193 Frank H. McCormick, Terry Grande, Cheryl Theile, Melvin L. Warren, Jr., J. Andrés López, Mark V. H. Wilson, Roger A. Tabor, Julian D. Olden, and Lauren M. Kuehne Chapter 20 Percopsidae: Trout- perches 261 Brooks M. Burr and Melvin L. Warren, Jr. Chapter 21 Amblyopsidae: Cavefishes 281 Ginny L. Adams, Brooks M. Burr, and Melvin L. Warren, Jr. Chapter 22 Aphredoderidae: Pirate Perches 322 Brooks M. Burr and Melvin L. Warren, Jr. © 2019 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-82339_Warren_ch00_1P.indd 7 10/24/19 10:32 PM viii CONTENTS Chapter 23 Gadidae (Gadinae and Lotinae): Cods and Cuskfishes 340 Peter B. Berendzen Chapter 24 Mugilidae: Mullets 367 Steven L. Powers Chapter 25 Atherinopsidae: New World Silversides 384 Kyle R. Piller and Clyde D. Barbour Chapter 26 Beloniformes: Belonidae (Needlefishes) and Hemiramphidae (Halfbeaks) 449 Bruce B. Collette and Stephen J. Walsh Chapter 27 Rivulidae: New World Rivulines 463 Ann M. Uzee O’Connell, Martin T. O’Connell, and Anthony A. Echelle Chapter 28 Profundulidae: Middle American Killifishes 493 Mollie F. Cashner and Anthony A. Echelle Chapter 29 Goodeidae: Goodeids 503 Shane A. Webb Chapter 30 Fundulidae: Topminnows 549 Robert C. Cashner, Jacob Schaefer, Melvin L. Warren, Jr., Anthony A. Echelle, Fernando Galvez, and Michael J. Ghedotti Chapter 31 Cyprinodontidae: Pupfishes 609 Anthony A. Echelle and Alice F. Echelle Chapter 32 Poeciliidae: Livebearers 674 Michael J. Ghedotti, Matthew P. Davis, and Anthony A. Echelle Lit er a ture Cited 739 Index of Scientific Names 889 General Index 898 © 2019 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-82339_Warren_ch00_1P.indd 8 10/24/19 10:32 PM Contributors Ginny L. Adams Michael J. Ghedotti Steven L. Powers University of Central Arkansas Regis University Roanoke College Clyde D. Barbour (retired) Nicholas J. Gidmark Mark Henry Sabaj Wright University Knox College The Academy of Natu ral Sciences Micah G. Bennett Terry Grande of Drexel University U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Loyola University Chicago Jacob Schaefer Peter B. Berendzen Robert L. Hopkins II University of Southern Mississippi University of Northern Iowa University of Rio Grande Juan Jacobo Schmitter- Soto Ricardo Betancur- R. Lauren M. Kuehne El Colegio de la Frontera Sur University of Puerto Rico University of Washington Andrew M. Simons Brooks M. Burr J. Andrés López University of Minnesota Southern Illinois University University of Alaska Roger A. Tabor Mollie F. Cashner Frank H. McCormick U.S. Fish and Wildlife Ser vice Austin Peay State University USDA Forest Ser vice Cheryl Theile Robert C. Cashner (deceased) Norman Mercado- Silva Loyola University Chicago University of New Orleans Universidad Autónoma del Estado Matthew R. Thomas Bruce B. Collette de Morelos Kentucky Department of Fish National Museum of Natu ral History Ann M. Uzee O’Connell and Wildlife Resources Matthew P. Davis University of New Orleans Stephen J. Walsh St. Cloud State University Martin T. O’Connell U.S. Geological Survey Alice F. Echelle University of New Orleans Melvin L. Warren, Jr. Oklahoma State University Julian D. Olden USDA Forest Ser vice Anthony A. Echelle University of Washington Shane A. Webb Oklahoma State University Claudia P. Ornelas- García University of North Georgia Fernando Galvez Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mark V. H. Wilson (emeritus) Louisiana State University México Tercer Circuito Exterior University of Alberta Kyle R. Piller Southeastern Louisiana University © 2019 The Johns Hopkins University Press UNCORRECTED PROOF Do not quote for publication until verified with finished book All rights reserved. No portion of this may be reproduced or distributed without permission. NOT FOR SALE OR DISTRIBUTION 349-82339_Warren_ch00_1P.indd 9 10/24/19 10:32 PM This page intentionally left blank Preface The North American freshwater fish fauna comprises knowledge of the North American freshwater fish fauna >1,300 native species in about 50 families. It is the most theretofore unknown. Shortly thereafter a physician from thoroughly studied and largest temperate fish fauna Forsythe, Missouri, combined his hobby of scuba diving (Miller et al. 2005; Page & Burr 2011) in the world. In and snorkeling with photography and revealed— new even comparison, an analy sis and compendium of Eu ro pean to specialists— the incredible colors of the North American freshwater fishes included 546 native species in about 24 native fish fauna, especially in their brightest breeding con- families (Kottelat & Freyhof 2007); Eu rope is about one- dition, as well as some of their unique and fascinating natu- third the land area of North Amer i ca. Australia has nearly ral histories. William N. Roston eventually traveled the 300 freshwater fishes in 35 families (Allen 1989; Allen continent looking for clear water and fish to photo graph in et al. 2002) in a land area about that of the United States their natu ral environment (never in aquaria). A number of (minus Alaska). This number includes many marine spe- his photo graphs are used in this volume. cies that enter fresh water, and highly unusual freshwater From the 1970s through the 1990s numerous books fish lineages occur there (e.g., Salamanderfish, Lepidogal- focused on fish faunas of individual states (e.g., Alabama, axias salamandroides; Australian Lungfish, Neoceratodus Arkansas, California, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Mississippi, forsteri; and Nurseryfish, Kurtus gulliveri).
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