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ABSTRACT According to The Tezkires of Poets, in Ottoman geography, among the 211 settlements, ranking to grow up the divan poet, is in 6th place with 36 poets. This is an important achievement. This is the ordinary result of scientific and cultural life development in Ottoman State which had started the term of Beylics. Madrasah, tekije/tekke/tekkeh and dargah’s, astute managers of trades organization have important contribution for this development. In this paper, effects of scientific and cultural life in Kastamonu educating poets will be examined with all details. Key words: The Tezkires of Poets, divan poet, Kastamonu, Madrasa, tekije/tekke/tekkeh, dargah, Ottoman State.

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