Catalog 2001

Internet Resources ◆ General Interest Publications ◆ Technical Reports Conference Papers ◆ Journal Articles ◆ Book Chapters ◆ Patents About the Catalog

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) eighth annual Information Resources Catalog can help keep you up-to-date on the research, development, opportunities, and available technologies in energy efficiency and renewable energy. The catalog includes five main sections with entries grouped according to subject area.

Most of the publications in this catalog—and many others on energy efficiency and renewable energy—can be found on Web sites developed and/or maintained by NREL. The first section provides a listing of these “Internet Resources,” which is especially helpful if you’d like to access information quickly. You can also access the latest information using these resources. A good place to start a search for information is on NREL’s Publications Database at www.nrel.gov/publications/.

The second section provides brief descriptions of the “General Interest Publications” produced by NREL during its 2000 fiscal year. These publications highlight the advances in energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies, as well as the NREL and U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) programs that encourage their advancement and use.

The last three sections in the catalogue—“Technical Reports,” “Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters,” and “Patents”—can help the research community and industry stay updated on the latest innovations from NREL’s labs.

We hope you find this catalog useful and informative.

About the National Renewable Energy Laboratory

NREL is DOE’s premier laboratory for renewable energy and energy efficiency research, development, and deployment. The Laboratory is a national resource committed to leadership, excellence, and innovation in renewable energy and related technologies.

NREL conducts research in photovoltaics, wind energy, building energy efficiency, biofuels, hybrid vehicles, fuels utilization, biomass power, hydrogen, concentrating solar power, geothermal power, and superconductivity. Advances made in these research areas enable the private sector to make informed choices from a number of energy options.

Key to NREL’s mission is facilitating the transfer of these technologies to private industry for commercialization. We do this by cooperating with industry through cost-shared agreements, collaborating with universities and other researchers, and making facilities available for experiments, analyses, and proprietary studies.

NREL is managed for DOE by Midwest Research Institute, Battelle, and Bechtel. Contents

Internet Resources ...... 1 General Interest Publications ...... 3 Technical Reports ...... 23 Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters...... 31 Patents ...... 55 Title Index ...... 57

PHOTO CREDITS: (Clockwise, outside) Nebraska Soybean Board, PIX04231; Paul Roessler, PIX01726; Warren Gretz, PIX00132; Warren Gretz, PIX00075; Mike Linenberger, PIX02589; Warren Gretz, PIX00171; Coherent Inc. Laser Group, PIX06354; David Parsons, PIX01047; David Parsons, PIX04075. (Inside): Schatz Energy Research Center, PIX03973; Ford Motor Company, PIX05471; Warren Gretz, PIX00453; David Parsons, PIX00904; Warren Gretz, PIX03083; Pamm McFadden, PIX02920; Warren Gretz, PIX02268.

Contents i ii Information Resources Catalog The sites listed below provide information on many energy efficiency Internet and renewable energy technologies. New Internet sites are created regularly, so be sure to visit these Web pages often for new and Resources updated information. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)—http://www.nrel.gov

Since its inception in 1977, NREL’s mission has been to develop energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies and transfer these technologies to the private sector. The Web site provides information about NREL’s technologies, online resources, and programs.

Research and Technology—NREL’s research activities and expertise help reduce the cost and increase the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies.

Basic Sciences and Materials—http://www.nrel.gov/st-bsm.html Bioenergy—http://www.nrel.gov/bioenergy.html Buildings and Thermal Systems—http://www.nrel.gov/buildings_thermal/ Electricity Technologies—http://www.nrel.gov/st-et.html Energy Analysis—http://www.nrel.gov/analysis/ Measurements and Testing—http://www.nrel.gov/st-mt.html Photovoltaics—http://www.nrel.gov/photovoltaics.html Renewable Energy Resources—http://rredc.nrel.gov/ Transportation—http://www.ctts.nrel.gov/ Wind Energy—http://www.nrel.gov/wind/

NEW—National and International Applications—NREL’s Deployment Programs help promote the use of renewable energy and energy efficiency applications. http://www.nrel.gov/applications.html

NEW—Technology Transfer—Contact the NREL Technology Transfer team to license an NREL technology, cooperate in or sponsor research with NREL, start or expand a business using renewable energy technologies, or use NREL facilities for R&D. http://www.nrel.gov/technologytransfer/

Clean Energy Basics—This Web site provides an online primer on energy efficiency and renewable energy. http://www.nrel.gov/clean_energy/

Education Programs—NREL’s Science and Technology Education Programs partner with students, teachers, faculty, and schools so that students can develop science and math excellence to advance sustainable energy technologies. http://www.nrel.gov/education/

Online Resources—NREL’s databases provide documents and digital photographs of renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies.

NREL Publications—http://www.nrel.gov/publications/ PIX—Online Photographic Library—http://www.nrel.gov/data/pix/pix.html

Internet Resources 1 Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Network (EREN) http://www.eren.doe.gov/

EREN is the official Web site for the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. EREN contains documents from DOE programs and maintains links to other government, education, industry association, and international organization Web sites. EREN offers a robust search capability and resources for energy professionals and consumers.

Technologies

Bioenergy—http://www.eren.doe.gov/RE/bioenergy.html Buildings—http://www.eren.doe.gov/EE/buildings.html Geothermal—http://www.eren.doe.gov/RE/geothermal.html Hydrogen—http://www.eren.doe.gov/RE/hydrogen.html Hydropower—http://www.eren.doe.gov/RE/hydropower.html Industry—http://www.eren.doe.gov/EE/industriy.html Ocean—http://www.eren.doe.gov/RE/ocean.html Power—http://www.eren.doe.gov/EE/power.html Solar—http://www.eren.doe.gov/RE/solar.html Transportation—http://www.eren.doe.gov/EE/transportation.html Wind—http://www.eren.doe.gov/RE/wind.html

Specialized Resources

Ask an Energy Expert—http://www.eren.doe.gov/menus/energyex.html Consumers—http://www.eren.doe.gov/consumerinfo/ Education—http://www.eren.doe.gov/education/ Financing—http://www.eren.doe.gov/financing/ Kids—http://www.eren.doe.gov/kids/ News—http://www.eren.doe.gov/news/ Solicitations—http://www.eren.doe.gov/solicitations.html States—http://www.eren.doe.gov/states/

Related Information

DOE Headquarters—http://www.energy.gov/ DOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy—http://www.eren.doe.gov/ee.html DOE Regional Support Offices—http://www.eren.doe.gov/rso.html DOE Golden Field Office—http://www.golden.doe.gov/ DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)—Energy Science and Technology Database—http://www.osti.gov/

2 Information Resources Catalog The following publications are grouped according to subject matter for your convenience.These documents contain information that is GeneralGeneral generally nontechnical in nature and is intended for a wide audience. Unless otherwise noted, general interest publications are available in InterestInterest limited quantities from NREL’s Document Distribution Service at (303) 275-4363 (phone), (303) 275-4053 (fax), or [email protected] (e-mail).These documents can be accessed in PDF format through the PublicationsPublications Publications database at www.nrel.gov/publications.

Corn Stover for Bioethanol—Your Alternative Fuels New Cash Crop? (Fact Sheet) May 2001; 2 pp. Biomass ethanol technology is still developing and important questions need to be Biodiesel—Clean, Green Diesel answered about corn stover removal, Fuel: Great Fleet Fuel Gaining but prospects are excellent for you to Popularity Rapidly (Fact sheet). someday be able to harvest and sell a September 2001; 2 pp. Biodiesel is like substantial portion of your stover for diesel fuel except that it’s made from fuel production—without hurting your farm products. It’s safe for the soil or main corn grain operation. environment, biodegradable, and Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1273. produces significantly less air pollution. This fact sheet answers common questions about Biodiesel, including use, safety, and environmental Basic Sciences questions. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1449. Basic Energy Sciences at NREL Bioethanol—Moving into the Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1273 (Brochure). December 2000. 8 pp. Marketplace: Advanced NREL’s Center for Basic Sciences Biotechnology Becoming Reality performs fundamental research for (Fact sheet). August 2001; 4 pp. Biofuels News (Newsletter). This is a DOE’s Office of Science. Our mission is Technology for producing quarterly publication of the Department to provide fundamental knowledge in transportation fuel from biomass is of Energy’s Biofuels Program featuring the basic sciences and engineering that moving out of the laboratory and articles, interviews and upcoming will underpin new and improved into the marketplace. Advances in conference information relative to the renewable energy technologies. biotechnology have allowed us to biofuels and bioenergy industry. Available electronically only. reduce the projected cost of producing Order no. BR-590-29337. bioethanol from biomass materials by Biofuels News— nearly 25%. This fact sheet discusses Spring/Summer 2001, Vol. 4, the technology used and the No. 2 (Newsletter). July 2001; 4 pp. Department of Energy’s efforts to Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1371. commercialize that technology. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1436. Biofuels News—Winter 2001, Vol. 4, No. 1 (Newsletter). Biofuels for Your State: Helping March 2001; 4 pp. the Economy and the Environment Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1285. (Fact sheet). September 2001; 4 pp. Bioethanol and biodiesel can substitute Biofuels News—Fall 2000, for gasoline and diesel or be blended Vol. 3, No. 2 (Newsletter). with them to reduce toxic air emissions. December 2000; 4 pp. Using biofuels reduces greenhouse gas Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1149. buildup, dependence on imported oil, and trade deficits, while supporting local agriculture and rural economies. This fact sheet describes the advantages of using biofuels to solve local problems such as smog and carbon monoxide. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1434. Order no.BR-590-29337

General Interest Publications 3 Building America Developments, Cambridge Homes Increases BuildingsBuildings Information Bulletin Number 2 Energy Efficiency in a Mix of (Brochure). October 2000; 3 pp. Housing Types. Building America This special issue of Building America Project Summary (Fact Sheet). Developments highlights the new June 2001; 2 pp. New houses designed Air-Source Heat Pumps. Energy Artistic Homes’ models at the by Cambridge Homes in Crest Hill, Efficiency and Renewable Energy Albuquerque Parade of Homes. These Illinois, with technical support from the Clearinghouse (EREC) (Brochure). new model homes are designed to U.S. Department of Energy’s Building June 2001; 8 pp. This brochure discusses reduce energy use by 30% to 50% America Program, save their how an air-source heat pump can heat over that of standard or typically homeowners money by applying the and cool a home, as well as how to constructed new production homes in principles of whole-building design to select, install, operate, and maintain Albuquerque, New Mexico. the entire home product line. Regardless one. To obtain printed copies please Order no. BR-550-28952. of the model chosen, homebuyers can contact EREC at 1-800-DOE-EREC enjoy consistently high levels of comfort (1-800-363-3732). Buildings for the 21st Century, Fall and performance with the added Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1113. 2000. Office of Building benefit of reduced operating costs. Technology, State and Community Order no. FS-550-30459. Assessing Climate to Improve Programs (BTS) (Newsletter). Solar Design. Energy Efficiency October 2000; 4 pp. This issue Careers in Renewable Energy. and Renewable Energy highlights the new high-performance Energy Efficiency and Renewable Clearinghouse (EREC) (Brochure). visitor center at Zion National Park, Energy Clearinghouse (EREC) August 2001; 8 pp. This brochure Maryland’s new Clean Energy Incentive (Fact Sheet). January 2001; 8 pp. complements the fact sheet on passive Act, the Ohio State Weatherization This publication describes the job solar design, and provides information Program, the Rebuild America Program opportunities, technologies, and market on how sunlight, weather patterns, and and Native American communities for each of the major renewable energy microclimates affect the performance of joining forces, and EnergyStar® clothes fields—wind power, solar power, solar energy systems and designs. To washers. bioenergy, geothermal energy, and obtain printed copies please contact Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1110. hydropower. To obtain printed copies EREC at 1-800-DOE-EREC please contact EREC at 1-800-DOE-EREC (1-800-363-3732). (1-800-363-3732). Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1171. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1130.

BigHorn Home Improvement Closed-Combustion Gas Furnace in Center: Silverthorne, Colorado Conditioned, Sealed, Unvented Office of Building Technology, Attic Increases Energy Efficiency State and Community Programs and Eliminates Duct Leakage: (BTS) (Brochure). December 2000; 4 pp. Pulte Homes—Sun Lakes at The BigHorn Home Improvement Banning, California. Building Center in Silverthorne, Colorado, was America Project Summary designed using a whole-building (Fact Sheet). September 2001; 2 pp. approach, looking at the way that the New houses in this subdivision are building’s site, windows, walls, floors, designed with technical support from electrical, and mechanical systems the Building Science Consortium as part could work together most efficiently. It of DOE’s Building America Program. is one of the nation's first commercial These homes save their owners money buildings to integrate daylighting and by applying the principles of whole- natural ventilation cooling systems into building design, which considers the a retail space. It is expected to reduce

Order no.DOE/GO-102000-1143 house as a complete system instead of energy costs by 62% compared to separate components. conventionally designed retail buidings. Order no. FS-550-30909. Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1143. Buildings for the 21st Century, Summer 2001. Office of Building Cooling Your Home with Fans and Building America Developments, Technology, State and Community Ventilation. Energy Efficiency and Information Bulletin Number 3 Programs (BTS) (Newsletter). Renewable Energy Clearinghouse (Brochure). February 2001; 4pp. July 2000; 4 pp. This issue includes (EREC) (Brochure). June 2001; 8 pp. This is one in a series of information information on technology roadmap This brochure discusses how to keep a bulletins about the Building America initiatives, new energy computer home cool using natural ventilation, program, member teams, and current simulation software, an educational CD attic and mechanical ventilation, fans, projects. This bulletin highlights the for teachers, a CD with energy-saving whole-house fans, and evaporative or construction completed in Atlanta, tips, a study on the efficiency of clothes swamp coolers. To obtain printed copies Georgia, and the projects related to the washers, and a calendar of meetings please contact EREC at 1-800-DOE-EREC International Builders’ Show. and conferences. (1-800-363-3732). Order no. BR-550-29122. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1370. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1278. 4 Information Resources Catalog Distributed Energy Resources at Energy Savers: Cool Summer Tips. and air quality. This brochure, targeted Federal Facilities. Federal Energy Office of Building Technology, to school administrators and board Management Program (FEMP) State and Community Programs members, describes how schools can Technical Assistance (Fact Sheet). (BTS) (Flyer). June 2001; 2 pp. become more energy efficient. July 2001; 2 pp. Distributed energy This brochure discusses energy-saving Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1430. resources include both existing and tips for homeowners ranging from low- emerging energy technologies: or no-cost suggestions to higher cost advanced industrial turbines and suggestions for longer-term savings. microturbines; combined heat and Cooling, windows, weatherizing, and power (CHP) systems; fuel cells; landscaping are addressed. geothermal systems; natural gas Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1360. reciprocating engines; photovoltaics and other solar systems; wind turbines; Energy Savers Tips on Saving small, modular biopower; energy Energy and Money at Home storage systems; and hybrid systems. (Fifth Printing) (Brochure). DOE FEMP is investigating ways to use August 2001; 36 pp. This popular these alternative energy systems in brochure provides consumers with government facilities to meet greater home energy and money savings tips demand, to increase the reliability of such as insulation, weatherization, the power-generation system, and to heating, cooling, water heating, reduce the greenhouse gases associated energy efficient windows, landscaping, with burning fossil fuels. lighting, and energy efficient Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1211. appliances. Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1121. Energy Efficiency Upgrades for

Little Rock AFB. Federal Energy Energy-Smart Building Choices: Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1431 Management Program (FEMP) How Parents and Teachers Are Utility Services Case Study Helping to Create Better (Fact Sheet). November 2000; 2 pp. Environments for Learning. Office Energy-Smart Building Choices: Little Rock Air Force Base (LRAFB) in of Building Technology, State and How School Facilities Managers partnership with the local utility, Community Programs (BTS) and Business Officials Are Entergy Services, Inc., has reduced (Brochure). August 2001; 8 pp. Reducing Operating Costs and energy costs and used savings from Most K-12 schools could save 25% of Saving Money. Office of Building investments in high-efficiency their energy costs by being smart about Technology, State and Community equipment to maintain and improve energy. Nationwide, the savings Programs (BTS) (Brochure). the condition of base housing and potential is $6 billion. While improving August 2001; 8 pp. Most K-12 schools other facilities. Three projects were energy use in buildings and buses, could save 25% of their energy costs by completed, with over $10 million schools are likely to create better places being smart about energy. Nationwide, invested. This fact sheet highlights the for teaching and learning, with better the savings potential is $6 billion. major accomplishments. lighting, temperature control, acoustics, While improving energy use in Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1123. and air quality. This brochure, targeted buildings and buses, schools are likely to parents and teachers, describes how to create better places for teaching schools can become more energy and learning, with better lighting, efficient. temperature control, acoustics, and air Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1429. quality. This brochure, targeted to school facilities managers and business Energy-Smart Building Choices: officials, describes how schools can How School Administrators and become more energy efficient. Board Members Are Improving Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1431. Learning and Saving Money. Office of Building Technology, Executive Summary: Window State and Community Programs Industry Technology Roadmap. (BTS) (Brochure). August 2001; 8 pp. Office of Building Technology, Most K-12 schools could save 25% of State and Community Programs their energy costs by being smart about (BTS) (Brochure). January 2001; 6 pp. energy. Nationwide, the savings An industry-led initiative to identify key potential is $6 billion. While improving goals and strategies for the windows energy use in buildings and buses, industry with an emphasis on energy schools are likely to create better places conservation, enhanced quality, fast for teaching and learning, with better delivery, and low installed cost. Order no.DOE/GO-102000-1121 lighting, temperature control, acoustics, Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1151.

General Interest Publications 5 Federal Energy Efficiency through Highlighting High Performance: Utility Partnerships. Federal National Renewable Energy Energy Management Program Laboratory’s Visitors Center, (FEMP) Program Overview Golden, Colorado. Office of (Fact Sheet). July 2001; 2 pp. This Utility Building Technology, State and Program Overview describes how the Community Programs (BTS) Federal Energy Management Program (Brochure). June 2001; 4 pp. (FEMP) utility program assists Federal NREL’s Visitors Center, also known as energy managers. The document the Dan Schaefer Federal Building, is a identifies both a utility financing high-performance building located in mechanism and FEMP technical Golden, Colorado. The building assistance available to support incorporates passive solar heating, agencies’ implementation of energy energy-efficient lighting, and other and water efficiency methods and technologies to minimize energy costs renewable energy projects. and environmental impact. The Visitors Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1337. Center displays a variety of interactive exhibits on energy efficiency and First Regional Super ESPC: renewable energy. Success on Kodiak Island, Alaska. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1281. Federal Energy Management Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1342 Program (FEMP) ESPC Case Study (Fact Sheet). May 2001; 2 pp. This case study about energy saving performance High-Performance Commercial contacts (ESPCs) presents an overview of Buildings: A Technology Roadmap. how the Coast Guard at Kodiak Island, Office of Building Technology, Alaska, established an ESPC contract State and Community Programs and the benefits derived from it. The (BTS) (Brochure). June 2001; 24 pp. Federal Energy Management Program This brochure provides the plan for instituted these special contracts to help integrating research, development, and federal agencies finance energy-saving deployment of new technologies to projects at their facilities. improve future commercial buildings in Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1309. the United States. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1343. Greening Federal Facilities: An Energy, Environmental, and Highlighting High Performance: Economic Resource Guide for National Renewable Energy Federal Facility Managers and Laboratory’s Thermal Test Facility, Designers; Second Edition (Book). Golden, Colorado. Office of May 2001; 210 pp. This is a nuts-and- Building Technology State and Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1281 bolts resource guide compiled to Community Programs (BTS) increase energy and resource efficiency, (Brochure). June 2001; 4 pp. cut waste, and improve the NREL’s Thermal Test Facility in Golden, performance of Federal buildings and Colorado, was designed using a whole- Highlighting High Performance: facilities. The guide highlights practical building approach—looking at the way The Solar Energy Research actions that facility managers, design the building’s systems work together Facility, Golden, Colorado. Office and construction staff, procurement most efficiently. Researchers monitor of Building Technology, State and officials, and facility planners can take the performance of the 11,000 square- Community Programs (BTS) to save energy and money, improve the foot building, which boasts an energy (Brochure). June 2001; 4 pp. comfort and productivity of employees, cost savings of 63% for heating, NREL’s Solar Energy Research Facility in and benefit the environment. cooling, and lighting. The basic plan of Golden, Colorado, uses a stair-step Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1165. the building can be adapted to many configuration to allow daylight and needs, including retail and warehouse heat into the office areas, while the High Performance Commercial space. The Thermal Test Facility laboratories in the back of the building Buildings: A Technology Roadmap, contains office and laboratory space are in a more controlled environment Executive Summary. Office of where research focuses on the where tight levels of ventilation, Building Technology, State and development of energy efficiency and humidity, temperature, and light are Community Programs (BTS) renewable energy technologies that are critical. A unique mechanical system (Brochure). June 2001; 6 pp. cost-effective and environmentally makes the most of the natural This brochure provides a summary of friendly. environment and the building’s design plans for integrating research, Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1166. to efficiently heat and cool the building development, and deployment for at an annual utility bill savings of future commercial buildings in the U.S. almost $200,000 per year. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1342. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1279. 6 Information Resources Catalog Insulated Concrete Homes New American Home®: Atlanta, Wall Insulation. Office of Increase Durability and Energy Georgia 2000. Office of Building Building Technology, State and Efficiency: Mercedes Homes— Technology, State and Community Community Programs (BTS) Melbourne, Florida. Building Programs (BTS) (Brochure). Technology (Fact Sheet). America Project Summary July 2001; 4 pp. This annual showcase October 2000; 4 pp. (Fact Sheet). May 2001; 2 pp. These new project designed by committee is Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0772. houses designed with technical support co-sponsored by the National from the U.S. Department of Energy’s Association of Home Builders’, National Water Heating. Office of Building America Program, save their Council of the Housing Industry, Building Technology, State and homeowners money by using energy BUILDERS Magazine, and Ladies Home Community Programs (BTS) efficient features such as a high Journal. Hedgewood Properties teamed Technology (Fact Sheet). performance heat pump and solar with Building America’s IBACOS August 2001; 4 pp. control glazing to reduce cooling costs. Consortium and Southface Energy Order no. DOE/GO-102001-0785. Order no. FS-550-30386. Institute to build a house with a Home Energy Rating Systems level of 90. Weather-Resistive Barriers. Joshua Tree and Mojave Go Solar. Order no. FS-550-30722. Office of Building Technology, Federal Energy Management State and Community Program (FEMP) Technical Office of Building Technology, Programs (BTS) (Fact Sheet). Assistance Success Story State and Community Programs October 2000; 4 pp. (Fact Sheet). December 2000; 2 pp. (BTS) Technology Fact Sheets. Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0769. This case study describes two of the Buildings that are more energy efficient, projects in which the Department of the comfortable, and affordable...that’s the Interior’s National Park Service works goal of DOE’s BTS. The following fact with other agencies to replace fossil sheets detail the benefits, techniques fuel-powered diesel generators with and design considerations of each renewable energy systems. This is done technology. to reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions from using fossil fuels to generate power Advanced Wall Framing. Office in remote areas of the parks. of Building Technology, State Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0755. and Community Programs (BTS) Technology (Fact Sheet). Low-Energy Building Design October 2000; 6 pp. Guidelines: Energy-Efficient Design Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0770. for New Federal Facilities. Federal Energy Management Program Combustion Equipment Safety. (FEMP) (Booklet). July 2001; 44 pp. Office of Building Technology, This guidebook has been prepared State and Community primarily for Federal energy managers Programs (BTS) Technology to provide practical information for (Fact Sheet). October 2000; 4 pp. applying the principles of low-energy, Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0784. whole-building design in new Federal buildings. An important objective of Crawlspace Insulation. Office this guidebook is to teach energy of Building Technology, State managers how to be advocates for and Community Programs renewable energy and energy-efficient (BTS) Technology (Fact Sheet). technologies, and how to apply specific December 2000; 4 pp. strategies during each phase of a given Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0774. project’s time line. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-0950. Passive Solar Design. Office of Building Technology, State and M&V Guidelines: Measurement Community Programs (BTS) and Verification for Federal Technology (Fact Sheet). Energy Projects, Version 2.2 (Book). December 2000; 4 pp. September 2000; 340 pp. This document Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0790. contains procedures and guidelines for quantifying the savings resulting from Slab Insulation. Office of energy efficiency equipment, water Building Technology, State and conservation, improved operation and Community Programs (BTS) maintenance, renewable energy, and Technology (Fact Sheet). cogeneration projects implemented December 2000; 4 pp. under federal agency energy savings Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0775. performance contracts. Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0960. General Interest Publications 7 On the Path to Zero Energy Homes Passive Solar Design: The Solar Independence (Brochure). (Brochure). April 2001; 6 pp. Foundation for Low-Energy June 2001; 2 pp. The Solar This brochure describes the Zero Energy Federal Buildings. Federal Energy Independence exhibit, on display from Homes concept using a case study. Management Program (FEMP) June 30–July 15, 2001 at Chicago’s Energy efficiency and solar energy (Fact Sheet). November 2000; 4 pp. Museum of Science and Industry, technologies can result in zero net This fact sheet updates a similar one features a demonstration house, two energy consumption from published in 1996 for the DOE’s solar-powered fountains, a bubble nonrenewable sources. During times of Federal Energy Management Program. machine, and an American flag which peak demand, a Zero Energy Home This fact sheet describes strategies for consists of solar panels that power all generates more power than it uses, implementing passive solar features— the displays. A kid’s quiz is available for thereby reducing power demand on the such as south-facing windows, children to help them learn more about utility provider. During times of power daylighting, and thermal mass—into solar power. outage, the home generates its own new building designs and retrofits. It Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1104. power, allowing the homeowner also discusses how to design and build essential energy security. In a Florida low-energy, sustainable buildings by Solar Water Heaters: The Next study, a prototype Zero Energy Home using a whole-building approach to Generation (Fact sheet). outperforms a conventional model by the design process. March 2001; 2 pp. The U.S. Department providing almost all of its own power Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0728. of Energy is pursuing an aggressive goal needs throughout the year. to cut the cost of solar water-heating Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1287. Regional Super ESPC Saves Energy systems in half. Replacing metal and and Dollars at NASA Johnson glass components with less expensive Space Center. Federal Energy plastic ones is a key strategy for that Management Program (FEMP) goal. This fact sheet describes new ESPC Case Study (Fact Sheet). technologies for solar water heaters. May 2001; 2 pp. This case study about Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1289. energy saving performance contacts (ESPCs) presents an overview of how the Solar Water Heating for NASA Johnson Space Flight Center Commercial Applications established an ESPC contract and the (Brochure). May 2001; 4 pp. benefits derived from it. FEMP instituted This brochure describes the these special contracts to help federal energy-saving and cost-saving benefits agencies finance energy-saving projects of using solar water heating in at their facilities. commercial buildings. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1308. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1312.

Solar Electricity for Commercial Super Energy Savings Performance Applications (Brochure). Contracts (Revision). Federal May 2001; 4 pp. This brochure describes Energy Management Program the benefits of using solar electricity in (FEMP) Program Overview

Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1287 commercial buildings. (Fact Sheet). June 2001; 4 pp. This fact Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1314. sheet describes the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) streamlined energy Passive Solar Design for the Home. Solar Heated Pools for Your savings performance contracting, or Energy Efficiency and Renewable Commercial Property (Brochure). “Super ESPC,” process, which is Energy Clearinghouse (EREC) May 2001; 4 pp. This brochure describes managed by DOE’s Federal Energy (Brochure). February 2001; 8 pp. the energy-saving and cost-saving Management Program (FEMP). This fact sheet provides homeowners benefits of using solar water heating in Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1160. with an introduction to passive solar commercial swimming pools. design, or climatic design. It explains Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1313. Systems Engineering Saves Energy how they can use windows, walls, and in Southwest: Pulte Homes— floors to collect, store, and distribute Solar Heated Pools for Your Home Tucson, Arizona. Building America solar energy to heat their homes in the (Brochure). May 2001; 4 pp. Project Summary (Fact Sheet). winter, as well as reject solar heat in the This brochure describes the benefits October 2000; 2 pp. Houses built by summer. It includes information on of using solar to heat your home Pulte Homes as part of the U.S. heat-movement physics; basic solar swimming pool. Department of Energy’s Building design techniques—direct gain, indirect Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1318. America program in Tucson, Arizona, gain (Trombe walls), isolated gain save money for the home owners by (sunspaces), and design for summer Solar Hot Water for Your Home reducing electric air-conditioning costs comfort; window options for passive (Brochure). May 2001; 4 pp. and gas-heating costs with little or no solar; and design cost. To obtain printed This brochure describes the cost-saving additional investment. copies please contact EREC at and energy-saving benefits of using Order no. FS-550-28476. 1-800-DOE-EREC (1-800-363-3732). solar heated water in your home. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1105. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1317. 8 Information Resources Catalog Technologies for Distributed Whole-House Approach Benefits Energy Resources. Federal Energy Builders, Buyers, and the Management Program (FEMP) Environment. Building America Technical Assistance (Fact Sheet). Program Overview: Office of July 2001; 4 pp. Increases in electric Building Technology, State and power demand and the need for greater Community Programs (BTS) system reliability are driving the (Brochure). January 2001; 8 pp. development and use of distributed This document provides an overview power generation systems. This fact of DOE’s Building America program. sheet describes distributed energy Building America works with the resources for Federal facilities, and how residential building industry to develop FEMP is investigating ways to use these and implement innovative building alternative energy systems in processes and technologies that save government facilities to meet greater builders and homeowners millions of demand, to increase the reliability of dollars in construction and energy costs. the power-generation system, and to Order no. BR-550-27745. reduce the greenhouse gases associated with burning fossil fuels. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1212. Order no.DOE/GO-102000-1129 Energy Efficiency and Transpired Air Collectors: Renewable Energy Ventilation Preheating (Fact sheet). March 2001; 2 pp. Many commercial Utility Energy Services Contracts: and industrial buildings have high Lessons Learned. Federal Energy Advanced Technology and ventilation rates. Although all that Management Program (FEMP) Alternative Fuel Vehicles. Energy fresh air is great for indoor air quality, (Brochure). August 2001; 12 pp. This Efficiency and Renewable Energy heating it can be very expensive. This brochure describes best practices in the Clearinghouse (EREC) (Brochure). fact sheet describes a technology use of Utility Energy Services Contracts. August 2001; 8 pp. This brochure available to use solar energy to preheat The recommendations were generated provides an overview of today’s ventilation air and dramatically reduce by a group of innovative energy alternative fuel choices (including utility bills. managers in many successful projects. biofuels, biodiesel, electricity, and Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1288. The topics include project financing, hydrogen), alternative fuel vehicles competition between utility franchises, and advanced vehicle technologies. Transpired Solar Walls for Your and water conservation. To obtain printed copies please contact Commercial Buildings (Brochure). Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1336. EREC at 1-800-DOE-EREC May 2001; 4 pp. This brochure (1-800-363-3732). describes the benefits of using Weatherize Your Home—Caulk and Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1142. transpired solar walls to help heat Weather Strip. Energy Efficiency commercial buildings. and Renewable Energy Concentrating Solar Power: Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1315. Clearinghouse (EREC) (Brochure). Energy from Mirrors. Energy April 2001; 8 pp. This brochure Efficiency and Renewable Energy United States GBC 2000 Team: explains the basics of caulking and Clearinghouse (EREC) (Brochure). Supporting Green Buildings and weather stripping, and provides a March 2001; 8 pp. This brochure Communities for a Healthy and comparison of the types of products explains how concentrating solar power Prosperous Planet. Green Building available. To obtain printed copies technology works and the three types of Challenge 2000 (Brochure). please contact EREC at 1-800-DOE-EREC systems in development today: trough, October 2000; 8 pp. This brochure (1-800-363-3732). dish, and central receiver. To obtain describes five buildings in the United Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1172. printed copies please contact EREC at States analyzed by the U.S. Green 1-800-DOE-EREC (1-800-363-3732). Building Challenge 2000 team as part Whole-Building Design Increases Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1147. of an international effort to measure Energy Efficiency in a Mixed- the performance of green buildings. Humid Climate: Ideal Homes— Making Your Home Energy Smart: Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1129. Norman, Oklahoma. Building Web Resources (Flyer). America Project Summary April 2001; 1 p. This flyer provides a (Fact Sheet). June 2001; 2 pp. variety of documents and web resources New houses designed by Ideal Homes for organizations with information to in Norman, Oklahoma with technical make your home energy smart. support from the U.S. Department of Order no. MK-500-30048. Energy’s Building America Program, save their homeowners money by applying the principles of whole-building design. Order no. FS-550-30504. General Interest Publications 9 Renewable Energy: An Overview. International Performance Geothermal Today: Energy Efficiency and Renewable Measurement & Verification 2000 Geothermal Energy Energy Clearinghouse (EREC) Protocol: Concepts and Practices Program Highlights (Book). (Brochure). March 2001; 8 pp. for Improved Indoor August 2001; 40 pp. This book This fact sheet provides an introduction Environmental Quality, Volume II highlights research and industry to renewable energy technologies. To (Book).January 2001; 58 pp. developments of geothermal energy obtain printed copies please contact This international protocol describes a for 2000 and 2001. EREC at 1-800-DOE-EREC methodology for measuring indoor Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1441. (1-800-363-3732). environmental quality. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1102. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1188.

Small Hydropower Systems. Energy Efficiency and Renewable Industry Energy Clearinghouse (EREC) Geothermal Energy (Fact Sheet). July 2001; 8 pp. This fact sheet introduces consumers to small 1,3-Propanediol Made From hydropower systems, how the systems Fermentation-Derived Malonic work and how to assess a site for Acid. Office of Industrial hydropower suitability. To obtain Technologies (OIT) Agriculture printed copies please contact EREC at Project Fact Sheet. 1-800-DOE-EREC (1-800-363-3732). September 2001; 2 pp. 1,3-Propanediol Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1173. is one of two ingredients used in producing polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), a polymer which can be used in polyester and nylon Energy Policy and applications. Researchers are Analysis developing a process to ferment biomass feedstock to malonic acid using filamentous fungi and then International Performance catalytically convert malonic acid to Measurement & Verification 1,3-propanediol. Protocol: Concepts and Options Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1458. for Determining Energy and Water Savings, Volume I (Book). Allied Partners: Your Connection January 2001; 101 pp. to Efficiency, Productivity, and This international protocol describes Profits. Office of Industrial Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1350 a methodology for measuring energy Technologies (OIT) Industries of and water savings. the Future BestPractices (Brochure). Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1187. February 2001; 2 pp. This brochure Geothermal Energy—Heat from describes the Office of Industrial the Earth: Idaho. GeoPowering Technologies’ Allied Partner initiative. the West Series (Fact Sheet). Information on how to become an May 2001; 2 pp. This general use fact Allied Partner, benefits of joining, and sheet outlines geothermal energy in some examples of recent Allied Partner Idaho. Idaho holds enormous activity is included. resources—among the largest in the Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1215. United States—of this clean, reliable form of energy that to date have Clean Fractionation for the barely been tapped. Production of Cellulose Plastics. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1350. Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Agriculture Project Fact Geothermal Energy—Heat from Sheet. September 2001; 2 pp. Clean the Earth: Nevada. GeoPowering Fractionation is a new technology the West Series (Fact Sheet). that enables energy-efficient and

Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1187 and -1188 July 2001; 2 pp. This general use fact environmentally clean separation of sheet outlines geothermal energy in cellulose, chemicellulose, and lignin Nevada. Nevada holds the largest from lignocellulosic biomass. amount of untapped geothermal Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1457. resources in the U.S., with a potential of 2,500 to 3,700 megawatts of electricity. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1432.

10 Information Resources Catalog Combustion—Research and Energy Matters— Inventions and Innovation Project Development. Office of Industrial November/December 2000 Fact Sheets and Success Stories. Technologies (OIT) (Brochure). November 2000; 8 pp. The U.S. Department of Energy’s February 2001; 8 pp. This brochure Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1135. Inventions and Innovation Program describes the Office of Industrial can help an individual inventor or a Technologies’ Combustion initiative, Functionalized Vegetable Oils for small business develop and market a research and development program Utilization as Polymer Building energy-saving ideas. The following that works with manufacturers to Blocks. Office of Industrial fact sheets take a look at some of the increase the energy efficiency of Technologies (OIT) Agriculture technologies developed through the heat-delivery systems. Project Fact Sheet. program. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1213. September 2001; 2 pp. Vegetable oils such as soybean oil will be converted to Advanced Method of Education Initiative. Office of novel polymers using hydroformylation Inspecting Tubular Goods and Industrial Technologies (OIT) and other catalytic processes. These Refinery Process Piping. Agriculture Project Fact Sheet. polymers can be used in the Inventions and Innovation September 2001; 2 pp. The Department construction, automotive, packaging, Petroleum Project Fact Sheet. of Energy launched the Education and electronic sectors. January 2001; 2 pp. Initiative in 1999 to promote the Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1459. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1195. establishment of multi-disciplinary, graduate-level education and Hosting a Showcase Deep-Discharge Zinc-Bromine research programs. Demonstration Event. Industries Battery Module Offers Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1460. of the Future BestPractices Fact Megawatts Capacity. Sheet. October 2000; 2 pp. This fact Inventions and Innovation sheet describes how industrial Project Fact Sheet. manufacturers can showcase energy January 2001; 2 pp. efficiency technologies implemented in Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1169. their plants. Companies can gain access to a wide variety of technical assistance Distillation Column Flooding and resources when they agree to host a Predictor. Inventions and showcase demonstration and this fact Innovations Petroleum Project sheet explains how to participate. Fact Sheet. January 2001; 2 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1136. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1036.

Industrial Assessment Centers. Dual Fuel Conversion System Office of Industrial Technologies for Diesel Engines. Inventions (OIT) (Brochure). January 2001; 6 pp. and Innovation Project Fact The Office of Industrial Technologies’ Sheet. January 2001; 2 pp. Industrial Assessment Centers (IACs), Order no. DOE/GO-102001-0862. based at universities across the country, provide small and mid-sized Early-Warning Device for manufacturers with no-cost energy Prevention of Destructive Arc assessments. Faults. Inventions and Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1290 Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1167. Innovation Project Fact Sheet. October 2000; 2 pp. Industrial Membrane Filtration Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0848. Energy Matters (Newsletter). and Fractal Separation Systems. This bimonthly newsletter from DOE’s Office of Industrial Technologies Energy Saving Method of Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Agriculture Project Fact Manufacturing Ceramic promotes the use of energy-efficient Sheet. September 2001; 2 pp. Products from Waste Glass. industrial systems. Improved membrane filtration and Inventions and Innovation separation technologies reduce energy Glass Project Fact Sheet. Energy Matters—May/June use, capital and maintenance costs of January 2001; 2 pp. 2001 May 2001; 8 pp. separation and purification systems Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1035. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1357. for biomass sugars. Other areas of application include waste treatment, Fabrication and Testing of a Energy Matters—March/April and chemical and food processing. Prototype Ceramic Furnace 2001 March 2001; 8 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1456. Coil for Chemical and Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1290. Petrochemical Processing. Inventions and Innovation Energy Matters— Industrial Materials for the January/February 2001 Future Project Fact Sheet. January 2001; 6 pp. January 2001; 2 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1183. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1039. General Interest Publications 11 Industrial Vacuum Bagging Self-Agitating Soap Stick. Apparatus for Composite Inventions and Innovation Lamina Manufacturers Petroleum Project Fact Sheet. Reduces Energy Use and Waste. January 2001; 2 pp. Inventions and Innovation Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1170. Success Story (Fact Sheet). January 2001; 2 pp. Simple Design and Order no. DOE/GO-102001-0852. Manufacturing Process for High-Intensity Silicon Vertical Low-Cost Synthesis and Multi-Junction Solar Cells. Consolidation of Titanium Inventions and Innovation Carbide. Inventions and Project Fact Sheet. Innovation Industrial January 2001; 2 pp. Materials for the Future Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1038. Project Fact Sheet. January 2001; 2 pp. Titanium Matrix Composite Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1021. Tooling Material for Enhanced Manufacture of Aluminum Die Low-Energy Alternative to Castings. Inventions and Commercial Silica-Based Glass Innovation Metalcasting Fibers. Inventions and Project Fact Sheet. Innovation Glass Project Fact January 2001; 2 pp. Sheet. January 2001; 2 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1030. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1140.

Low-Frequency Sonic Mixing Laboratory Coordinating Council: Technology. Inventions and Partnerships with Industry Innovation Chemicals Project (Revised Brochure). January 2001; 2 pp. Fact Sheet. January 2001; 2 pp. The Laboratory Coordinating Council, Order no. DOE/GO-102001-0843. working through the Department of Energy’s Office of Industrial Miniature, Inexpensive, Technologies, coordinates partnerships Amperometric Oxygen Sensor. between industry, academia, and the 16 Inventions and Innovation U.S. national laboratories and facilities. Sensors and Controls Project Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1189. Fresh Way to Cut Combustion, Fact Sheet. January 2001; 2 pp. Crop and Air Heating Costs Order no. DOE/GO-102001-0849. Avoids Million BTU Purchases. Inventions and Innovation PowerGuard®. Inventions and Combustion Success Story Innovation Success Story (Fact Sheet). January 2001; 2 pp. (Fact sheet). October 2000; 2 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-0874. Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0876.

High-Speed Permanent Magnet Pulsed Laser Imager for Motor Development for Detecting Emissions of Advanced Cooling Technology. Hydrocarbons and Volatile Inventions and Innovation Organic Compounds. Project Fact Sheet. Inventions and Innovation October 2000; 2 pp. Petroleum Project Fact Sheet. Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0844. January 2001; 2 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1029. Highly Efficient Rapid Tooling Using Optimized Cooling Replacement of Thermally Passages. Inventions and Produced Calcined Clay. Innovation Metal Casting Inventions and Innovation Project Fact Sheet. Forest Products Project Fact January 2001; 2 pp. Sheet. October 2000; 2 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-0847. Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0875. Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1189

12 Information Resources Catalog New Continuous Isosorbide Magnetic Elutriation Office of Industrial Technologies Production from Sorbitol. Office of Technology for Clean and (OIT) BestPractices Case Studies. Industrial Technologies (OIT) Efficient Processing of Iron BestPractices is part of the Office of Agriculture Project Fact Sheet. Ore: NICE3 Mining Project Industrial Technologies’ (OIT’s) September 2001; 2 pp. Isosorbide is a Fact Sheet. January 2001; 2 pp. Industries of the Future strategy, which new polymer additive derived from corn Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1045. helps the country’s most energy- (via sorbitol) that when copolymerized intensive industries improve their with polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Supercritical Purification of competitiveness. BestPractices brings increases the strength and rigidity of Compounds Used for together the best-available and the plastic. This project will develop an Combinatorial Chemical emerging technologies and practices to economically-viable, continuous Analyses. NICE3 Chemicals help companies begin improving catalytic process to convert sorbitol to Project Fact Sheet. energy efficiency, environmental isosorbide. January 2001; 2 pp. performance, and productivity right Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1461. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1044. now. These case studies profile industrial firms who are implementing NICE3 Project Fact Sheets. Three-Phase Rotary Separator energy efficient technologies and system NICE3 (National Industrial Turbine. NICE3 Petroleum improvements into their manufacturing Competitiveness through Energy, Project Fact Sheet. processes, and document the activities, Environment and Economics) is a U.S. January 2001; 2 pp. savings, and lessons learned on these Department of Energy cost-sharing Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1046. projects. grant program that works to advance U.S. industrial competitiveness Alcoa North American by providing financial assistance to Extrusions Implements Energy state and industry partnerships Use Assessments at Multiple demonstrating energy-efficient, clean Facilities. Office of Industrial production technologies. The following Technologies (OIT) fact sheets take a look at some of the BestPractices Aluminum technologies developed through the Assessment Case Study program. (Brochure). August 2001; 8 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1437. Closed-Cycle Bleach Kraft Pulp Production: NICE3 Forest Compressed Air System Products Project Fact Sheet. Enhancement Increases October 2000; 2 pp. Efficiency and Provides Energy Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0901. Savings at a Circuit Board Manufacturer (Sanmina Plant, Demonstration of a Oswego, New York). Office of High-Temperature, Industrial Technologies (OIT) Corrosion-Resistant Coating BestPractices Technical Case for Recuperators. NICE3 Study (Brochure). June 2001; 4 pp. Aluminum Project Fact Sheet. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1328. January 2001; 2 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-0942. Compressed Air System Modifications Improve Hot Strip Mill Transfer Bar Efficiency at a Plastics Blow Rapidfire™ Edge Heat Project: Molding Plant (Southeastern NICE3 Steel Project Fact Sheet Container Plant). Office of (Revision). October 2000; 2 pp. Industrial Technologies (OIT) Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0947. BestPractices Technical Case Study (Brochure). June 2001; 4 pp. Increasing Productivity and Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1326. Reducing Emissions through Enhanced Control of Die Compressed Air System Casting Lubricants: NICE3 Optimization Saves Energy Metalcasting Fact Sheet. and Improves Production at a January 2001; 2 pp. Synthetic Textile Plant. Office Order no. DOE/GO-102001-0946. of Industrial Technologies (OIT) BestPractices Technical Case Study (Brochure). May 2001; 6 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1329.

General Interest Publications 13 Compressed Air System Installation of Reverse Osmosis Motor Assembly Plant Saves Optimization Saves Energy Unit Reduces Refinery Energy $85,000 with Compressed Air and Improves Production at Consumption. Office of System Improvements (Bodine a Textile Manufacturing Mill Industrial Technologies (OIT) Electric’s Chicago Facility). (Peerless Division, Thomaston BestPractices Petroleum Office of Industrial Mills, Inc.). Office of Technical Case Study (Brochure). Technologies (OIT) Industrial Technologies (OIT) August 2001; 4 pp. BestPractices Technical Case BestPractices Technical Case Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1355. Study (Brochure). June 2001; 4 pp. Study (Brochure). June 2001; 6 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1324. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1327. Power Factor Study Reduces Compressed Air System Energy Costs at Aluminum Redesign Results in Savings Extrusion Plant. Office of and Increased Production at Industrial Technologies (OIT) a Fuel System Plant BestPractices Aluminum (Caterpillar’s Pontiac Plant). Technical Case Study (Brochure). Office of Industrial August 2001; 4 pp. Technologies (OIT) Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1358. BestPractices Technical Case Study (Brochure). June 2001; 4 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1322. Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Energy Tips Fact Sheets. Compressed Air System This series of Energy Tips fact sheets Renovation Project Improves focuses on plant systems, where Production at a Food significant efficiency improvements Processing Facility. Office of and savings can be achieved. Industry Industrial Technologies (OIT) gains easy access to near-term and BestPractices Technical Case long-term solutions for improving the Study (Brochure). June 2001; 4 pp. performance of motor, steam, Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1330. compressed air, and process heating systems. Compressed Air System Upgrade Improves Production Benchmark the Fuel Cost at a Steel Mill (The U.S. Steel of Steam Generation. Office of Mon Valley Works). Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Industrial Technologies (OIT) Steam Energy Tips Fact Sheet BestPractices Steel Project #15. December 2001; 2 pp. Case Study (Brochure). Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1115. June 2001; 4 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1323. Deaerators in Industrial Steam Systems. Office of Industrial Corporate Energy Conservation Technologies (OIT) Steam Program for Alcoa North Kennecott Utah Copper Energy Tips Fact Sheet #18. American Extrusions. Office of Retrofits Smelting December 2000; 2 pp. Industrial Technologies (OIT) Applications from Air-Fuel to Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1118. Aluminum BestPractices Oxy-Fuel Burners. Office of Management Case Study Industrial Technologies (OIT) Determine the Cost of (Brochure). August 2001; 4 pp. BestPractices Mining Compressed Air for Your Plant. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1433. Technical Case Study (Brochure). Office of Industrial August 2001; 4 pp. Technologies (OIT) Compressed IAC Energy Assessment of Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1373. Air Energy Tips Fact Sheet #1. Spanish Fork Plant. Office of December 2000; 2 pp. Industrial Technologies (OIT) Modernization of Electrolysis Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0986. Aluminum BestPractices System at MagCorp Reduces Assessment Case Study Costs and Waste. Office of Eliminate Inappropriate Uses (Brochure). August 2001; 4 pp. Industrial Technologies (OIT) of Compressed Air. Office of Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1375. BestPractices Mining Industrial Technologies (OIT) Technical Case Study (Brochure). Compressed Air Energy Tips August 2001; 4 pp. Fact Sheet #2. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1374. December 2000; 2 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0987.

14 Information Resources Catalog Flash High-Pressure Use a Vent Condenser to Financial Assistance— Condensate to Regenerate Recover Flash Steam Energy. Industries of the Future. Low-Pressure Steam. Office of Office of Industrial Office of Industrial Industrial Technologies (OIT) Technologies (OIT) Steam Technologies (OIT) (Brochure) Steam Energy Tips Fact Sheet. Energy Tips Fact Sheet. February 2001; 8 pp. May 2001; 2 pp. May 2001; 2 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1210. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1275. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1276. Forest Products—Industry of Use Low-Grade Waste Steam the Future: Office of Industrial to Power Absorption Chillers. Technologies (OIT) (Brochure). Office of Industrial January 2001; 8pp. Technologies (OIT) Steam Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1146. Energy Tips Fact Sheet. May 2001; 2 pp. Glass—Industry of the Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1277. Future. Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) (Brochure). Use Vapor Recompression to February 2001; 8 pp. Recover Low-Pressure Waste Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1155. Steam. Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Steam Metal Casting—Industry of the Energy Tips Fact Sheet. Future. Office of Industrial May 2001; 2 pp. Technologies (OIT) (Brochure). Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1274. February 2001; 8 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1156. Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Industry of the Future Mining—Industry of the Brochures. OIT encourages industry- Future. Office of Industrial wide efforts to boost resource Technologies (OIT) (Brochure). productivity through a strategy called February 2001; 8 pp. Industries of the Future (IOF), Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1157. partnerships between the Department of Energy and industry established to increase industrial energy and cost efficiency. The following brochures describe the partnering activities, information on what works, examples of successful partnerships, financial assistance available and the benefits of partnering with OIT for each industry.

Agriculture—Industry of the Install Removable Insulation Future. Office of Industrial on Uninsulated Valves and Technologies (OIT) (Brochure). Fittings. Office of Industrial February 2001; 8 pp. Technologies (OIT) Steam Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1152. Energy Tips Fact Sheet #17. December 2000; 2 pp. Aluminum—Industry of the Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1117. Future: Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) (Brochure). Minimize Boiler Short Cycling February 2001; 8 pp. Losses. Office of Industrial Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1153. Technologies (OIT) Steam Energy Tips Fact Sheet #16. BestPractices—Industries of December 2000; 2 pp. the Future. Office of Industrial Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1116. Technologies (OIT) (Brochure). February 2001; 8pp. Minimize Compressed Air Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1209. Leaks. Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Compressed Chemicals—Industry of the Air Energy Tips Fact Sheet #3. Future. Office of Industrial December 2000; 2 pp. Technologies (OIT) (Brochure). Order no. DOE/GO-102000-0988. February 2001; 8 pp. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1154. General Interest Publications 15 Petroleum—Industry of the OIT Tools Can Help You Improve assessments help identify overall energy Future. Office of Industrial Productivity. Office of Industrial use in manufacturing processes and Technologies (OIT) (Brochure). Technologies (OIT) Industries of highlights opportunities for best energy February 2001; 8 pp. the Future BestPractices Tools management practices for industry. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1158. and Information Fact Sheet. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1356. August 2001; 2 pp. OIT provides a wide Steel—Industry of the range of resources to help U.S. industry Profiles and Partnerships. Office Future. Office of Industrial save energy and money, reduce of Industrial Technologies (OIT) Technologies (OIT) (Brochure). emissions and waste, and increase (Booklet). January 2001; 128 pp. February 2001; 8 pp. productivity and competitiveness. This This brochure describes the Office of Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1159. fact sheet outlines where to find the Industrial Technologies (OIT) Industries available information. of the Future (IOF) Strategy. Through OIT Times—Fall 2001, Vol. 4, No. 4 Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1349. the IOF initiatives, OIT partners with (Newsletter). September 2001; 12 pp. the nation’s nine most energy intensive The Fall 2001 edition of the OIT Times industries to improve their energy and newsletter, a quarterly publication cost efficiencies. produced by the Office of Industrial Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1193. Technologies covers the States Industries of the Future program and related Pump Life Cycle Costs: A Guide activities in Maine, New Hampshire, to LCC Analysis for Pumping Ohio, West Virginia, Utah, Washington, Systems—Executive Summary Tennessee, Kentucky, Massachusetts, (Brochure). January 2001; 18 pp. Texas, and Wisconsin. This brochure is a management tool Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1466. that can help companies minimize waste and maximize energy efficiency OIT Times—Summer 2001, Vol. 4, for many types of systems including No. 3 (Newsletter). June 2001; 8 pp. pumping systems. The Summer 2001 edition of the OIT Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1190. Times newsletter, a quarterly publication produced by the Office of Reduce Your Industrial Natural Industrial Technologies, covers the Gas Bill: Ten Timely Tips (Brochure). return on federal investment in OIT- January 2001; 4 pp. This brochure sponsored R&D technologies and outlines ways to reduce industrial contains lists of emerging technologies Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1193 natural gas costs. It is also included in in each Industry of the Future. the January/February 2001 issue of Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1368. Energy Matters (DOE/GO-102000-1183). Plant Profiles: Industrial Energy Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1192. OIT Times—Spring 2001, Vol. 4, Management in Action. Office of No. 2 (Newsletter). April 2001; 16 pp. Industrial Technologies (OIT) Training Sessions Provide Ways to The Spring 2001 edition of the OIT (Brochure). February 2001; 24 pp. Improve Industrial System Times newsletter, a quarterly This brochure profiles industrial Efficiency. Industries of the Future publication produced by the Office of manufacturing firms who are achieving BestPractices Training Fact Sheet. Industrial Technologies, covers the significant energy savings in their January 2001; 2 pp. This fact sheet technical sessions, related activities, plants. The DOE Office of Industrial describes training available for U.S. and new OIT publications that debuted Technologies six plant-of-the-year industry on ways to achieve energy at Expo IV (held February 19-22, 2001). nominees are featured, and an efficiency through systems Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1292. additional 10 projects from other improvements. companies are also highlighted. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1191. OIT Times—Winter 2001, Vol. 4, Information on OIT’s awards and No. 1 (Newsletter). December 2000; recognition process, and information on Vision: Results for Today. 12 pp. The Winter 2001 edition of the OIT and BestPractices is also included. Leadership for Tomorrow. Office OIT Times newsletter, a quarterly Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1208. of Industrial Technology (OIT) publication produced by the Office of Corporate Brochure. Industrial Technologies, focuses on Plant-Wide Assessments Help February 2001; 16 pp. This brochure OIT’s upcoming Expo, the 4th Biennial Industry Identify Energy and Cost provides an overview of the Office of Industrial Energy Efficiency Symposium Savings Opportunities. Office of Industrial Technologies and its research, and Expo, held February 19–22, 2001, Industrial Technologies (OIT) development, and deployment efforts to in Washington, D.C. Industries of the Future increase industrial energy efficiency. Order no. BR-810-29241 BestPractices Plant-Wide Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1164. Assessments Fact Sheet. August 2001; 2 pp. This fact sheet details how plant-wide energy

16 Information Resources Catalog publications. This year the catalog is National Renewable also available in a CD-ROM Version SolarSolar EnerEnergy–Photovoltaicsgy–Photovoltaics National Renewable containing PDFs of many of the Energy Laboratory general interest publications and technical reports. Order no. BK-310-29183. NREL PV Working With Industry, National Renewable Energy Order no. EL-310-29825 (CD-ROM). Fourth Quarter 2000 (Newsletter). Laboratory Institutional Plan January 2001; 12 pp. NREL PV Working 2001-2005 (Book). April 2001; 122 pp. With Industry is a quarterly newsletter The NREL Institutional Plan details the devoted to the research, development, mission and vision of the Laboratory, its and deployment performed by NREL capabilities, the R&D it performs, and staff in concert with their industry and the programs it manages for the university partners. This issue features Department of Energy—in particular, an article on the IEEE PVSC conference for the Office of Energy Efficiency and held in Alaska in September 2000, an Renewable Energy and for the Office article about two new R&D initiatives, of Science. It also describes recent and an article on cooperative research accomplishments in each program, and efforts between the NCPV and the Solar the direction planned for each program Buildings and Concentrating Solar for the next five years. The document Power programs. also details special RD&D initiatives Order no. BR-520-29133. being pursued by the Laboratory, and it describes the Laboratory’s physical plant and how NREL manages its operations to provide America with a world-class institute for R&D in the renewable energy and energy efficiency sciences and technologies. Order no. MP-600-29306. Order no.BR-340-30998

NREL Research Participant Program (Brochure). September 2001; 6 pp. This Human Resources brochure highlights NREL’s Research Participant Program that reaches out to student interns, postdoctoral researchers, and research associates. Order no. BR-340-30998. Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1168 State and Local Initiatives: Your Bridge to Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Resources (Brochure). August 2001; 4 pp. Photovoltaic Energy Program This brochure for local and state Overview, Fiscal Year 2000 policymakers, informs them about the (Booklet). February 2001; 28 pp. State and Local Initiatives team at the This report details the FY 2000 achievements of DOE’s PV Program in

Order no.BK-310-29183 or EL-310-29825 (CD) National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The brochure outlines the benefits of the categories of R&D, Technology using renewables and energy efficiency, Development, and Systems Engineering the benefits of using the State and Local and Applications. Highlights include National Renewable Energy Initiatives team as a liaison to the development of a record-breaking Laboratory 2000 Information wealth of information at NREL, and concentrator solar cell that is 32.4% Resources Catalog (Book). some of the services and resources efficient; fabrication of a record CIGS January 2001; 92 pp. This is the seventh available. cell at 18.8% efficiency; sharing an annual catalog listing documents Order no. BR-710-28871. R&D 100 award with Siemens Solar produced by NREL during the last fiscal Industries and the California Energy year. Each year the catalog is mailed to Commission for development and state energy offices, DOE support offices, deployment of commercial CIS thin-film and to anyone looking to find out more modules; and support for the efforts of information about NREL’s activities and the PV Industry Roadmap Workshop. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1168. General Interest Publications 17 Solar Electricity: The Power of Choice, Second Quarter 2001 Transportation (Newsletter). August 2001; 12 pp. This quarterly newsletter (formerly NREL PV Working With Industry) is devoted to the Research and 2001 Joint ADVISOR/PSAT Vehicle Development (R&D) activities Systems Modeling User Conference performed by NREL staff in concert Proceedings, 28–29 August 2001, with their industry and university Southfield, Michigan (CD-ROM). partners. This issue is devoted to August 2001. The Conference provided demonstrating that PV R&D is a an opportunity for engineers in the valuable investment for the U.S. automotive industry and the research Order no. BR-520-30280. environment to share their experiences in vehicle systems modeling using ADVISOR and PSAT, vehicle systems modeling tools. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1435.

Airport-Based Alternative Fuel

Order no.BR-520-30150 Vehicle Fleets. Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Information Series (Brochure). February 2001; 6 pp. Solar Electric Power—The U.S. This brochure features an account Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap of alternative fuel vehicle usage and (Booklet). May 2001; 36 pp. success highlighting three major This document provides the U.S. airports. photovoltaic industry’s plan for the Order no. FS-540-28353. next 20 years. It describes the roles of industry and government in the areas Alternative Fuel News: Official of research and development, market Publication of the Clean Cities opportunities, and policy and Network and the Alternative Fuels institutional initiatives, covering the Data Center, Vol. 5, No. 2 near term (1-3 years), mid term (4-10 (Newsletter). July 2001; 16 pp. This issue features articles on the years), and long term (11-20). Prepared Order no.BR-520-30280 by Energetics, Incorporated, Columbia, proposed National Energy Policy; the Maryland, under contract to Sandia 2001 National Clean Cities Conference; National Laboratories. Facilitated by Clean Cities Coalition Award and the National Center for Photovoltaics. U.S. Department of Energy National Partner Award recipients; Produced and printed by the United Photovoltaic Energy Program station cars; and new emissions- States photovoltaics industry. Contract Summary: Fiscal Year reducing incentives in Texas. Order no. BR-520-30150. 2000 (Book). February 2001; 330 pp. Order no. BR-540-30297. This report summarizes the in-house Solar Electricity: The Power and subcontracted R&D activities under of Choice, First Quarter 2001 the National Center for Photovoltaics (Newsletter). April 2001; 12 pp. (NCPV) and DOE National This quarterly newsletter (formerly Photovoltaics Program for FY 2000. NREL PV Working With Industry) is The mission of the DOE National devoted to the research and Photovoltaics Program is to make PV development activities performed by a significant part of the domestic NREL staff in concert with their industry economy-as an industry and an energy and university partners. This issue is resource. This Contract Summary devoted to NREL’s renewables workshop documents the 179 research projects for farmers and ranchers, presented at supported by the PV Program, the National Western Stock Show in performed by 107 organizations in Denver; the PV Industry Roadmap; the 32 states, including 69 projects Siemens Solar Industries celebration of performed by universities and 60 200 MW of cumulative PV module projects performed by industry partners. production; and a profile of "PV Beyond The efforts described in this summary the Horizon" initiative. The editorialist represent steps toward improving PV for this issue is Tim Anderson of the manufacturing, performance, cost, and

University of Florida. applications, and toward accomplishing Order no.BR-540-29699 Order no. BR-520-29629. the DOE PV Program’s overall mission. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1198. 18 Information Resources Catalog Alternative Fuel News: Official Biodiesel Offers Fleets a Better Driving the Nation Toward a Publication of the Clean Cities Alternative to Petroleum Diesel. Clean Energy Future. Fuels Network and the Alternative Clean Cities Technical Assistance Utilization Program Fact Sheet. Fuels Data Center, Vol. 5, No. 1 Fact Sheet. May 2001; 4 pp. December 2000; 2 pp. NREL’s Center (Newsletter). May 2001; 16 pp. From cost to availability, this fact sheet for Transportation Technologies and This issue features articles on recent presents the various the advantages of Systems’ Fuel Utilization Program is changes to the Clean Cities Program; using biodiesel fuel in fleet vehicles. It developing and demonstrating engine the SuperTruck student engineering also offers a number of real-life success and fuel technologies that allow challenge; and a propane vehicle rally stories. alternative and advanced petroleum and conference in Kansas City, MO. Order no. FS-540-30136. fuels to compete with their Order no. BR-540-29699. conventional counterparts. As the Clean Cities Coalition Awards. number of vehicles and miles traveled Alternative Fuel News: Official Clean Cities Alternative Fuel on American roadways continues to Publication of the Clean Cities Information Series Fact Sheet. grow, the nation is looking toward Network and the Alternative May 2001; 2 pp. This fact sheet advanced vehicles and fuels to meet Fuels Data Center; Vol. 4, No. 4 introduces the winners of the 2001 the increasing demand for more (Newsletter). February 2001; 16 pp. Clean Cities coalition awards, including energy-efficient, environmentally This issue includes articles on the the Empire, Movers & Shakers, Gold friendly modes of transport. emerging opportunity for the growing Star, Few Good Fleets and Madison Order no. FS-540-29285. market of AFV resales, the increased Avenue awards. use of E85 ethanol in Minnesota, and Order no. FS-540-30085. an interview with the Fleet/AFV Brand Team Manager at Ford Motor Clean Cities National Partner Company. Awards (Fact Sheet). May 2001; 4 pp. Order no. BR-540-29013. This fact sheet briefly describes each of the 10 winners of the Clean Cities Alternative Fuel News: Official National Partner Awards. Publication of the Clean Cities Order no. FS-540-30086. Network and the Alternative Fuels Data Center; Vol. 4, No. 3 Clean Cities Technical Assistance (Newsletter). December 2000; 16 pp. (Tiger Teams). Clean Cities This issue focuses on transit buses and Alternative Fuel Information refuse haulers. Many transit agencies Series Technical Assistance Fact and waste management companies are Sheet. January 2001; 2 pp. This fact investigating alternatives to traditional sheet presents a description of Tiger diesel buses and refuse haulers. Teams, sponsored by DOE and NREL, Order no. BR-540-28718. to help implement the use of alternative fuels by constituents of Alternative Fuel Transit Buses: DOE’s Clean Cities coalitions. DART’s (Dallas Area Rapid Order no. FS-540-29662. Transit) LNG Bus Fleet Final Order no.FS-540-29285 Results (Brochure). October 2000; Commercially Available Hybrid 46 pp. In 1998, Dallas Area Rapid Electric, Low-Speed Vehicles not Transit began operating a large fleet of Eligible for EPAct Credit. heavy-duty buses powered by liquefied EPAct Fleet Information and E. O. (Executive Order) 13149: natural gas. As part of a $16 million Regulations, State and Alternative Federal Agencies to Reduce commitment to alternative fuels, DART Fuel Provider Program Petroleum Use by 20%. EPAct Fleet operates 139 LNG buses serviced by two Compliance Advisory Fact Sheet. Information and Regulations new LNG fueling stations. September 2001; 1 pp. State and Federal Fleet Program Fact Sheet. Order no. BR-540-28739. alternative fuel provider fleets are April 2001; 2 pp. This fact sheet updated on DOE’s position on HEVs presents a detailed description of the Atlanta’s Kent Igleheart Brings and LSVs. history of EPAct’s Federal Fleets Program Home 2001 Outstanding Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1438. and what fleets need to do to comply to Coordinator Award. Clean Cities its regulations. Alternative Fuel Information Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1300. Series Fact Sheet. July 2001; 2 pp. This fact sheet includes an overview of the accomplishments of Atlanta’s Clean Cities coordinator Kent Igleheart, who received the 2001 Outstanding Coordinator Award. Order no. FS-540-30708.

General Interest Publications 19 EPAct: Alternative Fuels for Energy SuperShuttle CNG Fleet Study Security, Cleaner Air. EPAct Fleet Summary. Clean Cities Alternative Information and Regulations, Fuel Information Series, State and Alternative Fuel Alternative Fuel Case Study Provider Program Fact Sheet. (Brochure). March 2001; 6 pp. April 2001; 2 pp. This fact sheet This fact sheet provides an account of presents a summary of the EPAct the successful use of alternative fuels program as a whole, including fleet in a fleet of SuperShuttle passenger information and regulations. vans, which offer shared-rides between Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1306. Boulder and Denver International Airport. EPAct Fleet Information and Order no. BR-540-29441. Regulations: State and Alternatie Fuel Provider Program, Annual Taking an Alternative Route Report (Brochure). April 2001; 4 pp. (Booklet). April 2001; 32 pp. This is a This document presents a detailed guide for fleet managers and individual account of the activity and owners on using alternative fuels in accomplishments made by fleets cars and trucks. Discussed in detail are covered by the EPAct State and all fuels authorized for federal credits Alternative Fuel Provider Program. Order no.DOE/GO-102000-1137 under the Energy Policy Act of 1992 Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1295. (EPAct). Information for federal and state fleet managers about how to FY 2000 Progress Report for Fuels Next Generation Natural Gas comply with EPAct, and about the for Advanced CIDI Engines and Vehicle Program (Brochure). Clean Air Act Amendments is also Fuel Cells (Book). October 2000; 6 pp. The Department provided. November 2000; 120 pp. DOE’s Office of Energy’s Office of Transportation Order no. DOE/GO-102001-0753. of Transportation Technologies FY 2000 Technologies is initiating the Next Annual Progress Report for the Fuels for Generation Natural Gas Vehicle UPS CNG Truck Fleet Start Up Advanced CIDI Engines and Fuel Cells (NGNGV) Program to develop Experience: Alternative Fuel Program highlights progress achieved commercially viable medium and Truck Evaluation Project and comprises 22 summaries of heavy-duty natural gas vehicles. These (Brochure). August 2001; 12 pp. industry and National Laboratory new vehicles will incorporate advanced UPS operates 140 Freightliner Custom projects that were conducted. alternative fuel vehicle technologies Chassis compressed natural gas Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1150. that were developed by DOE and others. (CNG)-powered vehicles with Cummins Order no. DOE/GO-102000-1137. B5.9G engines. Fifteen are participating Guidebook to the U.S. Department in the Alternative Fuel Truck Evaluation of Energy’s Alternative Fuel S&FP Program: Frequently Asked Project being funded by DOE’s Office of Transportation Program for State Questions. EPAct Fleet Information Transportation Technologies and the and Alternative Fuel Provider and Regulations, State and Office of Heavy Vehicle Technologies. Fleets (Booklet). February 2001; 46 pp. Alternative Fuel Provider Program Order no. BR-540-30493. This booklet has been produced by the Fact Sheet. April 2001; 6 pp. This fact U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as a sheet is question and answer session reader-friendly guide to the primary regarding all aspects of EPAct’s State requirements of the Alternative Fuel and Alternative Fuel Provider program, Transportation Program for States and including compliance guidelines. fuel providers. DOE has addressed the Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1297. topics that fleet managers ask about most frequently. S&FP Program Promotes Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1134. Alternative Fuels to Cut Need for Foreign Oil. EPAct Fleet New York City Transit Diesel Information and Regulations, Hybrid Electric Buses (Fact Sheet). State and Alternative Fuel September 2001; 2 pp. Provider Program Fact Sheet. This fact sheet provides information April 2001; 2 pp. This fact sheet on the diesel hybrid electric buses used provides a detailed description of the at NYC Transit (the largest public history of EPAct’s State & Alternative transportation system in the United Fuel Provider Program and what fleets States). Clean fuel buses represent need to do to comply to its regulations. about 5% of NYC Transit’s fleet. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1296. Order no. FS-540-30736. Order no.BR-540-30493

20 Information Resources Catalog Waste Management’s LNG Supplemental Environmental Truck Fleet: Final Results (Book). Projects Using Renewable Energy: January 2001; 50 pp. A New Approach to Addressing Air Waste Management, Inc., operates a Quality Violation Penalties fleet of heavy-duty LNG refuse trucks (Fact Sheet). April 2001; 2 pp. at its Washington, Pennsylvania, Supplemental environmental projects, facility. This document presents the or SEPs, are environmentally beneficial results of the project designed to provide projects that offer pollution prevention, transportation professionals with energy efficiency, green energy, and quanitative, unbiased information on community-based programs that may the cost, maintenance, operational, include investment in cost-effective and emissions characteristics of LNG as alternative energy technologies, such one alternative to conventional diesel as wind energy. This fact sheet explains for heavy-duty trucking applications. how SEPs can help companies mitigate Order no. BR-540-29073. all or part of the penalties imposed as a result of air pollution violations. What’s New on the Web? Clean Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1283. Cities Alternative Fuel Information Order no.BK-500-26222 Series Fact Sheet. April 2001; 2 pp. Wind Power Today: 2000 Wind This fact sheet describes what was Energy Program Highlights (Book). newly added to the AFDC and Clean May 2001; 40 pp. This annual Cities (and other DOE) Web sites. publication provides an overview of Order no. FS-540-30128. the U.S. Department of Energy’s Wind Wind Energy Energy Program. The purpose is to show What’s New: Spring 2001 Update. how DOE’s Wind Energy Program EPAct Fleet Information and supports wind turbine research and Regulations, State and Alternative 2001 Wind Energy Across America deployment in hopes of furthering the Fuel Provider Program (Newsletter). Calendar January 2001; 28 pp. advancement of wind technologies that June 2001; 2 pp. This newsletter This calendar for 2001 contains produce clean, low-cost, reliable energy. provides a general update of things fleet photographs of wind farms across Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1325. managers need to know about the State America, wind facts, and wind industry and Alternative Fuel Provider Program. meeting dates. It also provides a list of Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1299. contacts for more information about wind energy. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1184. Village Power Village Power IEA Wind Energy Annual Report 2000 (Book). May 2001; 212 pp. The twenty-third IEA Wind Energy Renewable Energy for Annual Report reviews the progress of Microenterprise (Booklet). the activities in the Implementing November 2000; 80 pp. This guide Agreement for Co-operation in the outlines the potential benefits that Research and Development on Wind current renewable energy technologies Turbine Systems under the auspices of can offer rural microenterprises. It also the International Energy Agency (IEA). introduces the institutional approaches The agreement and its program, called developed to make RE technologies IEA R&D Wind, is a collaborative accessible to microentrepreneurs and venture among 19 contracting parties the challenges encountered. from 17 IEA member countries and the Order no. BK-500-26188. European Commission.

Order no. BK-500-29436. Order no.DOE/GO-102001-1325 Renewable Energy for Rural Schools (Booklet). November 2000; Small Wind Electric Systems: 64 pp. This publication addresses the A U.S. Consumer’s Guide (Booklet). need for energy primarily in those May 2001; 28 pp. This guide provides schools that are not connected to the consumers with enough information to electric grid. This guide applies mostly help them determine if a small wind to schools located in non-electrified electric system can provide all or a areas, and in areas where grid power portion of the energy they need for their is expensive and unreliable, it can be home or business based on their wind used to examine other energy options resource, energy needs, and their to conventional power. economics. Order no. BK-500-26222. Order no. DOE/GO-102001-1293. General Interest Publications 21 22 Information Resources Catalog The National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s (NREL) technical reports provide information on research and analysis projects performed by NREL staff and subcontractors.They are intended for technical professionals. Unless otherwise noted, NREL technical reports are available in limited quantities from NREL’s Document Distribution Technical Service at (303) 275-4363 (phone), (303) 275-4053 (fax), or Sally_Evans @nrel.gov (e-mail).These documents can be accessed in PDF format through the Publications database at Reports http://www.nrel.gov/publications/.

Deru, M.P.; Kirkpatrick, A.T. Alternative Fuels Biopower Ground-Coupled Heat and Moisture Transfer from Buildings; Part 2: Application (Preprint). February 2001; 10 pp. Prepared for the Dayton, D.C. Fuel Cell Integration— Fostering the Bioeconomic American Solar Energy Society National A Study of the Impacts of Gas Revolution in Biobased Products Solar Conferences Forum 2001, Quality and Impurities: Milestone and Bioenergy: An Environmental 21–25 April 2001, Washington, DC. Completion Report. Approach. January 2001; 32 pp. Order no. CP-550-29694. June 2001; 28 pp. Contributors: Order no. MP-28950. M. Ratcliff and R. Bain. Judkoff, R.; Balcomb, J.D.; Subbarao, K.; Order no. MP-510-30298. Barker, G.; Hancock, E. Buildings in a Test Tube: Validation of the Hettenhaus, J.R.; Wooley, R.; Buildings Short-Term Energy Monitoring Wiselogel, A. Biomass (STEM) Method: Preprint. Commercialization Prospects in February 2001; 11 pp. Prepared for the the Next 2–5 Years: BIOMASS Balcomb, J.D.; Hayter, S.J.; Weaver, N.L. American Solar Energy Society National COLLOQUIES 2000. Energy-10 PV: Photovoltaics, A Solar Conferences Forum 2001, October 2000; 67 pp. New Capability (Preprint). 21–25 April 2001, Washington, DC. Order no. SR-580-28886. February 2001; 9 pp. Prepared for the Order no. CP-550-29805. American Solar Energy Society National Johnson, V.H.; Pesaran, A.A.; Sack, T. Solar Conferences Forum 2001, Judkoff, R.; Balcomb, J.D.; Temperature-Dependent Battery 21–25 April 2001, Washington, DC. Hancock, C.E.; Barker, G.; Subbarao, K. Models for High-Power Lithium- Order no. CP-550-29637. Side-By-Side Thermal Tests of Ion Batteries. January 2001; 17 pp. Modular Offices: A Validation Presented at the 17th Annual Electric Balcomb, J.D.; Hayter, S.J.; Weaver, N.L. Study of the STEM Method. Vehicle Symposium, Hourly Simulation of Grid- December 2000; 39 pp. 15–18 October 2000, Montreal, Canada. Connected PV Systems Using Order no. TP-550-23940. Order no. CP-540-28716. Realistic Building Loads: Preprint. February 2001; 9 pp. Prepared for the Neymark, J.; Judkoff, R.; Knabe, G.; Kadam, K.L. Environmental Life American Solar Energy Society National Le, H.T.; Durig, M.; Glass, A.; Zweifel, G. Cycle Implications of Using Solar Conferences Forum 2001, HVAC BESTEST: A Procedure for Bagasse-Derived Ethanol as a 21–25 April 2001, Washington, DC. Testing the Ability of Whole- Gasoline Oxygenate in Mumbai Order no. CP-550-29638. Building Energy Simulation (Bombay). November 2000; 89 pp. Programs to Model Space Order no. TP-580-28705. Barley, D. Overview of Residential Conditioning Equipment: Preprint. Ventilation Activities in the June 2001; 11 pp. Prepared for Building Kadam, K.L. Microalgae Production Building America Program Simulation 2001, 13–15 August 2001, from Power Plant Flue Gas: (Phase I). May 2001; 32 pp. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Environmental Implications on a Order no. TP-550-30107. Order no. CP-550-29828. Life Cycle Basis. June 2001; 63 pp. Order no. TP-510-29417. Deru, M.P.; Kirkpatrick, A.T. Plympton, P.; Kappaz, P.; Kroposki, B.; Ground-Coupled Heat and Stafford, B.; Thornton, J. Four Federal McAloon, A.; Taylor, F.; Yee, W.; Moisture Transfer from Buildings; Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Ibsen, K.; Wooley, R. Determining the Part 1: Analysis and Modeling Systems: Powering Our Nation’s Cost of Producing Ethanol from (Preprint). February 2001; 12 pp. Capital with Solar: Preprint. Corn Starch and Lignocellulosic Prepared for the American Solar Energy April 2001; 9 pp. Prepared for the Feedstocks. October 2000; 44 pp. Society National Solar Conferences American Solar Energy Society National A Joint Study Sponsored by U.S. Forum 2001, 21–25 April 2001, Solar Conferences Forum 2001, Department of Agriculture and U.S. Washington, DC. 21–25 April 2001, Washington, DC. Department of Energy. Order no. CP-550-29693. Order no. CP-710-29050. Order no. TP-580-28893. Technical Reports 23 Slayzak, S.J.; Ryan, J.P. Desiccant Dehumidification Wheel Test Energy Efficiency and Geothermal Energy Guide. December 2000; 51 pp. Energy Efficiency and Order no. TP-550-26131 Renewable Energy

Smith, J.A. Solar-Based Kutscher, C. Small-Scale Geothermal Rural Electrification and Hays, I.D.; Farhar, B.C. Role of Power Plant Field Verification Microenterprise Development in Science and Technology in the Projects: Preprint. June 2001; 14 pp. Latin America: A Gender Analysis. Advancement of Women Prepared for the Geothermal Resources November 2000; 30 pp. Worldwide. September 2000; 60 pp. Council Annual Meeting (GRC 2001), Order no. SR-550-28995. Order no. TP-820-28944. 26–29 August 2001, San Diego, California. Smith, M.W. Analysis of the Order no. CP-550-30275. Thermal Performance of Tierra I—A Low-Energy High-Mass Residence. May 2001; 89 pp. Energy Policy and Order no. TP-550-25873. Analysis Hydrogen Smith, M.W.; Torcellini, P.A.; Hayter, S.J.; Judkoff, R. Thermal Performance Analysis of a Holt. E.; Bird, L. Customer High-Mass Residential Building Aggregation: An Opportunity for Proceedings of the 2000 U.S. (Preprint). January 2001; 8 pp. Green Power? February 2001; 41 pp. DOE Hydrogen Program Review, Prepared for the American Solar Energy Order no. TP-620-29408. 9–11 May 2000, San Ramon, Society National Solar Conferences California (CD-ROM). Forum 2001, 21–25 April 2001, Mortensen, J. Factors Associated November 2000; 995 pp. Washington, DC. with Photovoltaic System Costs Order no. CP-570-28890. Order no. CP-550-29537. (Topical Issues Brief). June 2001; 17 pp. Walker, A. Financing Distributed Order no. TP-620-29649. Generation: Preprint. August 2001; National Renewable 15 pp. Prepared for the Association of Porter, K.; Wiser, R. Biomass Power Energy Laboratory Energy Engineers Annual Conference, and State Renewable Energy 24–26 October 2001, Atlanta, Georgia. Policies Under Electric Industry Order no. CP-710-30554. Restructuring: Preprint. October 2000; 12 pp. Prepared for Summary of TCAPP COP-6 Bioenergy 2000, 15–19 October 2000, Side Event. April 2001; 4 pp. Buffalo, New York. Available electronically only. Order no. CP-620-28747. Order no. MP-710-30102.

Chemical Technologies Wooley, D.R.; Morss, E.M. Clean Air Update of Country Activities and Act Amendments of 1990: Progress Technology Cooperation Opportunities for Promoting Agreement Pilot Project (TCAPP) Morris, G. Biomass Energy Renewable Energy: Final Report, and the Southern African Project Production in California: The Case 11 December 2000. Supported by the Climate for a Biomass Policy Initiative. January 2001; 95 pp. Work performed Technology Initiative (CTI). November 2000; 99 pp. Work by Young, Sommer, Ward, Ritzenberg, April 2001; 52 pp. Available performed by Green Power Institute, Wooley, Baker & Moore, LLC, electronically only. Berkeley, California. Albany, New York. Order no. MP-710-30103. Order no. SR-570-28805. Order no. SR-620-29448. Green, C., ed. Developing Country Wooley, D.R.; Morss, E.M.; Fang, J.M. Case-Studies: Integrated Strategies Clear Air Act and Renewable for Air Pollution and Greenhouse Energy: Opportunities, Barriers, Gas Mitigation. Progress Report and Options. February 2001; 25 pp. for the International Co-Control Presented at the Association of Energy Benefits Analysis Program. Services Professionals International November 2000; 117 pp. (AESP) 11th National Energy Services Order no. TP-710-29651. Conference and Exposition, 4–6 December 2000, New Orleans, Louisiana. Order no. CP-620-29654.

24 Information Resources Catalog Cahen, D.; Hodes, G.; Gartsman, K.; Hanoka, J.I. Continuous, Automated Solar Energy–Photovoltaics Dobson, K.; Visoly-Fisher, I. Manufacturing of String Ribbon Solar Energy–Photovoltaics Overcoming Degradation Si PV Modules: Final Report, Mechanisms in CdTe Solar Cells: 21 May 1998—20 May 2001. Second Annual Report, August 2001; 34 pp. Work Al-Thani, H.A.; Hasoon, F.S.; August 1999—August 2000. performed by Evergreen Solar Inc., Alleman, J.L.; Al-Jassim, M.M.; January 2001; 31 pp. Work performed Marlboro, Massachusetts. Williamson, D.L. Deposition by Weizmann Institute of Science, Order no. SR-520-30622. and Characterization of Rehovol, Israel. Mo/CuInGaSe2/CdS/ZnO Solar Order no. SR-520-29416. Jorgensen, G.; Bingham, C.; King, D.; Cells (Preprint). January 2001; 14 pp. Lewandowski, A.; Netter, J.; Prepared for the Sharjah Solar Energy Compaan, A.D.; Deng, X.; Bohn, R.G. Terwilliger, K.; Adamsons, K. Conference, 19–22 February 2001, High Efficiency Thin Film CdTe Use of Uniformly Distributed Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. and a-Si Based Solar Cells: Concentrated Sunlight for Highly Order no. CP-520-29641. Annual Technical Report, Accelerated Testing of Coatings. 4 March 1999—3 March 2000. November 2000; 20 pp. Presented at the Anderson, T.J.; Stanbery, B.J. August 2001; 77 pp. Work performed by ACS Conference—Service Life Prediction Processing of CuInSe2-Based University of Toledo, Department of of Organic Coatings: Methodologies Solar Cells: Characterization of Physics and Astronomy, Toledo, Ohio. and Metrologies, November 1999, Deposition Processes in Terms of Order no. SR-520-30739. Monterey, California. Chemical Reaction Analyses; Order no. CP-520-28579. Final Report, 6 May 1995— Dinwoodie, T.L.; Botkin, J. 31 December 1998. June 2001; PowerGuard® Advanced Kaydanov, V.I.; Ohno, T.R. Process 422 pp. Work performed by University Manufacturing: PVMaT Phase II Development and Basic Studies of Florida, Gainesville, Florida. Technical Progress Report, of Electrochemically Deposited Order no. SR-520-30391. 1 July 1999—30 September 2000. CdTe-Based Solar Cells: Annual May 2001; 38 pp. Work performed Technical Report, Phase II, Bathey, B.; Brown, B.; Cao, J.; Ebers, S.; by PowerLight Corporation, 16 May 1999—13 May 2000. Gonsoirawski, R.; Heath, B.; Kalejs, J.; Berkeley, California. March 2001; 60 pp. Work performed Mackintosh, B.; Ouellette, M.; Order no. SR-520-30247. by Colorado School of Mines, Piwczyk, B.; Rosenblum, M.; Golden, Colorado. Southimath, B. PVMaT Cost Eisgruber, I.L. In-Situ Sensors for Order no. SR-520-29956.

Reductions in the EFG Process Control of CuIn(Ga)Se2 High-Volume PV Manufacturing Module Deposition: Final Report, Kaydanov, V.I.; Coutts, T.J.; Young, D.L. Line: Annual Report, August 15, 2001. August 2001; 36 pp. Studies of Band Structure and August 1998—December 2000. Work performed by ITN Energy Free-Carrier Scattering in February 2001; 24 pp. Work Systems, Inc., Littleton, Colorado. Transparent Conducting Oxides performed by ASE Americas, Inc., Order no. SR-520-30870. Based on Combined Measurements Billerica, Massachusetts. of Electron Transport Phenomena. Order no. SR-520-29626. Ellison, T. Efficiency and October 2000; 23 pp. Prepared for the Throughput Advances in Materials Research Society Workshop, Braunstein, R.; Kattwinkel, A.; Continuous Roll-to-Roll a-Si Alloy 19–20 June 2000, Denver, Colorado. Sheng, S.R. Photocharge Transport PV Manufacturing Technology: Order no. CP-520-29064. and Recombination Measurements Phase II Annual Subcontract in Amorphous Silicon Films and Technical Report, Kern, G.; Russell, M. Cost Reduction Solar Cells by Photoconductive June 1999—August 2000. and Manufacture of the SunSine® Frequency Mixing: Annual December 2000; 55 pp. Work ac Module: Final Subcontract Subcontract Report, performed by Energy Conversion Report, 11 June 2001. 20 April 1999—19 April 2000. Devices, Inc., Troy, Michigan. July 2001; 45 pp. Work performed by August 2001; 41 pp. Work Order no. SR-520-29288. Schott Applied Power Corporation performed by University of California, (formerly Ascension Technology, Inc.), Los Angeles, California. Fisher, M.L.; Kapur, V.K. CIS-Type Waltham, Massachusetts. Order no. SR-520-30811. PV Device Fabrication by Novel Order no. SR-520-30534. Techniques: Phase II Annual Britt, J.; Wiedeman, S.; Albright, S. Technical Report, Khattak, C.P.; Joyce, D.B.; Schmid, F. Process Development for CIGS- 1 July 1999—30 June 2000. Production of Solar Grade (SoG) Based Thin Film Photovoltaic January 2001; 22 pp. Work performed Silicon by Refining Liquid Modules: Phase II Technical by International Solar Electric Metallurgical Grade (MG) Silicon: Report. November 2000; 50 pp. Technology, Inc., Inglewood, California. Final Report, 19 April 2001. Work performed by Global Solar Order no. SR-520-29606. August 2001; 49 pp. Work performed Energy, LLC, Tucson, Arizona. by Crystal Systems, Inc., Order no. SR-520-29227. Salem, Massachusetts. Order no. SR-520-30716. Technical Reports 25 Kroposki, B.; Marion, W.; King, D.; Schiff, E.A.; Kopidakis, N.; Lyou, J.; Witt, C.E. Status and Recent Boyson, W.; Kratochvil, J. Rane, S.; Yuan, Q.; Zhu, K. Progress in Photovoltaic Comparison of Module Electroabsorption and Transport Manufacturing in the USA. Performance Characterization Measurements and Modeling January 2001; 10 pp. Presented at the Methods for Energy Production. Research in Amorphous Silicon Sharjah Solar Energy Conference, November 2000; 62 pp. Based Solar Cells: Annual Report, 19–22 February 2001, University of Order no. TP-520-29245 24 March 1999—23 March 2000. Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. February 2001; 29 pp. Work Order no. CP-520-29462. McMahon, W.E.; Olson, J.M. Scanning performed by Syracuse University, Tunneling Microscopy Study of Syracuse, New York. Witt, C.E.; Mitchell, R.L.; As/Ge(mnn) and P/Ge(mnn) Order no. SR-520-29504. Symko-Davies, M.; Thomas, H.P.; Surfaces. November 2000; 10 pp. King, R.; Ruby, D.S. Ten Years of Prepared for the 12th American Sopori, B.; Tan, T.; Swanson, D.; Manufacturing R&D in PVMaT— Conference on Crysytal Growth and Sinton, R. Tenth Workshop on Technical Accomplishments, Epitaxy (ACCGE-12), Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Return on Investment, and Where 14–18 August 2000, Vail, Colorado. Materials and Processes: We Go Next. January 2001; 6 pp. Order no. CP-520-28911. A Summary of Discussion Presented at the 28th IEEE PV Specialists Sessions from the Workshop held Conference, 17–22 September 2000, McMaster, A. Specific PVMaT R&D 13–16 August 2000, Anchorage, Alaska. in CdTe Product Manufacturing: Copper Mountain, Colorado. Order no. CP-520-28973. Phase II Annual Subcontract January 2001; 16 pp. Technical Report, Order no. CP-520-29429. Wohlgemuth, J.; Shea, S. May 1999—September 2000. PVMaT Improvements in the January 2001; 45 pp. Work performed Symko-Davies, M.; Mitchell, R.L.; BP Solarex Photovoltaic Module by First Solar, LLC, Perrysburg, Ohio. Witt, C.E.; Thomas, H.P.; King, R.; Manufacturing Technology: Order no. SR-520-29292. Ruby, D.S. Decade of PV Industry Annual Report, R&D Advances in Silicon Module 5 May 1999—15 June 2000. McNutt, P.; Kroposki, B.; Hansen, R.; Manufacturing. January 2001; 7 pp. March 2001; 59 pp. Work performed DeBlasio, R.; Lynn, K.; Wilson, W.; Presented at the 28th IEEE PV Specialists by BP Solarex, Frederick, Maryland. Rosenthal, A.; Boulanger, P. Conference, 17–22 September 2000, Order no. SR-520-29459. Validation Testing of Procedures Anchorage, Alaska. for Determining the Performance Order no. CP-520-28928. of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems. November 2000; 69 pp. Tarrant, D.E.; Gay, R.R. Order no. TP-520-29185. Commercialization of CIS-Based Solar Energy–Thermal Thin-Film PV: Annual Technical Myers, D.R.; Stoffel, T.L.; Andreas, A.; Report—Phase II, Wilcox, S.; Reda, I. Improved September 1999—August 2000. Radiometric Calibrations and July 2001; 36 pp. Work performed Bharathan, D.; Nix, G. Evaluation Measurements for Evaluating by Siemens Solar Industries, of an Absorption Heat Pump to Photovoltaic Devices. Camarillo, California. Mitigate Plant Capacity Reduction October 2000; 44 pp. Order no. SR-520-30618. Due to Ambient Temperature Rise Order no. TP-520-28941. for an Air-Cooled Ammonia and Wendt, R.G.; Wiedeman, S. Water Cycle: Preprint. Rose, D.H.; Powell, R.C.; Karpov, V.; Photovoltaic Manufacturing Cost July 2001; 13 pp. Prepared for the Grecu, D.; Jayamaha, U.; Dorer, G.L. and Throughput Improvements Geothermal Resources Council Technology Support for for Thin-Film CIGS-Based Modules: Annual Meeting (GRC 2001), High-Throughput Processing of Phase II Technical Report, 26–29 August 2001, Thin-Film CdTe PV Modules: July 1999—August 2000. San Diego, California Phase II Annual Technical Report, March 2001; 80 pp. Work performed by Order no. CP-550-30125. 1 April 1999—31 March 2000. Global Solar Energy, Tucson, Arizona. January 2001; 54 pp. Work performed Order no. SR-520-29283. Burch, J.D.; Gawlik, K.M. Using an by First Solar, LLC, Perrysburg, Ohio. Ersatz Thermosiphon Loop to Order no. SR-520-29618. Williamson, D.L. Nanostructure of Model Natural Convection Flows a-Si:H and Related Alloys by Inside a Shallow Enclosure: Small-Angle Scattering of Preprint. February 2001; 11 pp. Neutrons and X-Rays: Annual Prepared for the American Solar Technical Progress Report, Energy Society National Solar 22 May 1999—21 August 2000. Conferences Forum 2001, October 2000; 48 pp. Work performed 21–25 April 2001, Washington, DC. by Colorado School of Mines, Order no. CP-550-29631. Golden, Colorado. Order no. SR-520-29121. 26 Information Resources Catalog Sugama, T.; Gawlik, K. Bialasiewicz, J.T.; Muljadi, E.; Filler Materials for Villageillage PowerPower Nix, G.; Drouilhet, S. RPM-SIM: Polyphenylenesulphide Composite A Comparison of Simulated Versus Coatings. June 2001; 16 pp. Prepared Recorded Data (Preprint). for the Geothermal Resources Council January 2001; 14 pp. Prepared for the Annual Meeting (GRC 2001), Flowers, L.; Baring-Gould, I.; 39th AIAA Aerospace Science Meeting, 26–29 August 2001, Bianchi, J.; Corbus, D.; Drouilhet, S.; 8–11 January 2001, Reno, Nevada. San Diego, California Elliott, D.; Gevorgian, V.; Jimenez, A.; Order no. CP-500-29174. Order no. CP-550-30258. Lilienthal, P.; Newcomb, C.; Taylor, R. Renewables for Sustainable Buhl, M.L.; Wright, A.D.; Pierce, K.G. Village Power. FAST_AD Code Verification: November 2000; 12 pp. Presented at the A Comparison to ADAMS. American Wind Energy Association’s February 2001; 13 pp. Presented at the Superconductivity WindPower 2000 Conference, 20th American Society of Mechanical 30 April–4 May 2000, Engineers (ASME) Wind Energy Palm Springs, California. Symposium, 8–11 January 2001, Bhattacharya, R.N.; Blaugher, R.D.; Order no. CP-500-28595. Reno, Nevada. Yan, S.L.; Xing, Z.W.; Xie, Y.Y.; Wu, J.Z.; Order no. CP-500-28848. Feldmann, M.; Chen, J.; Xiong, Q.H.; Ren, Z.F. Superconducting Thallium Cadogan, J.; Milligan, M.; Wan, Y.; Oxide and Mercury Oxide Films. Wind Energy Kirby, B. Short-Term Output January 2001; 9 pp. Variations in Wind Farms— Order no. CP-590-29458. Implications for Ancillary Services in the United States: Preprint. Field Verification Program for September 2000; 10 pp. Prepared for Small Wind Turbines: Quarterly the Wind Power for the 21st Century Report, 2nd Quarter, Issue #1, Conference, 26–28 September 2000, October 2000. October 2000; 7 pp. Transportation Kassel, Germany. Order no. TP-500-28946. Order no. CP-500-29155. Field Verification Program for Eudy, L. SuperShuttle CNG Fleet Carlin, P.; Laxson, A.S.; Muljadi, E.B. Small Wind Turbines: Quarterly Evaluation: Final Report. History and State of the Art of Report, 3rd Quarter, Issue #2, October 2000; 52 pp. Variable-Speed Wind Turbine July—September 2000. Order no. TP-540-29226. Technology. February 2001; 68 pp. May 2001; 8 pp. Order no. TP-500-28607. McCaw, D.L.; Horrell, W.A. Order no. TP-500-29994. On-Road Development of John Drouilhet, S. Preparing an Existing Field Verification Program for Deere 6081 Natural Gas Engine: Diesel Power Plant for a Wind Small Wind Turbines: Quarterly Final Technical Report, Hybrid Retrofit: Lessons Learned Report, 4th Quarter, Issue #3, July 1999—January 2001. in the Wales, Alaska, Wind-Diesel October—December 2000. September 2001; 54 pp. Work Hybrid Power Project. June 2001; 9 pp. performed by Deere and Company, August 2001; 13 pp. Presented at the Order no. TP-500-30458. Waterloo, Iowa. American Wind Energy Association’s Order no. SR-540-30163. WindPower 2001 Conference, WindPACT Turbine Design 4–7 June 2001, Washington, DC. Scaling Studies Technical Tyson, K.S. Biodiesel Handling Order no. CP-500-30586. and Use Guidelines. Area 3—Self-Erecting Tower and Nacelle Feasibility: March 2000— September 2001; 22 pp. Elliott, D.; Schwartz, M.; George, R.; March 2001. May 2001; 72 pp. Order no. TP-580-30004. Haymes, S.; Heimiller, D.; Scott, G. Work performed by Global Energy McCarthy, E. Wind Energy Resource Concepts, LLC, Kirkland, Washington. Zolot, M.D.; Kelly, K.; Keyser, M.; Atlas of the Philippines. Order no. SR-500-29493. Mihalic, M.; Pesaran, A.; February 2001; 208 pp. Hieronymus, A. Thermal Evaluation Order no. TP-500-26129. of the Honda Insight Battery Bialasiewicz, J.T.; Muljadi, E.; Nix, R.G.; Drouilhet, S. Renewable Energy Pack: Preprint. June 2001; 9 pp. Elliott, D.L. Philippines Wind Energy Power System Modular Simulator: Prepared for the 36th Intersociety Resource Atlas Development. RPM-SIM User’s Guide (Revision). Energy Conversion Engineering November 2000; 12 pp. Presented at March 2001; 172 pp. Conference (IECEC’01), the Business and Investment Forum for Order no. TP-500-29721. 29 July–2 August 2001, Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Savannah, Georgia. in Asia and the Pacific Region, Order no. CP-540-30095. 4–7 September 2000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Order no. CP-500-28903. Technical Reports 27 Flowers, L.; Dougherty, P.J. Larwood, S.; Musial, W.; Freebury, G.; Olsen, T.; Gulman, P.J.; McKenna, E. Wind Powering America. Beattie, A.G. NedWind 25 Blade Wind Power Plant Evaluation September 2001; 12 pp. Presented at the Testing at NREL for the European Naval Auxiliary Landing Field, American Wind Energy Association’s Standards Measurement and San Clemente Island, California; WindPower 2001 Conference, Testing Program. Period of Performance: 4–7 June 2001, Washington, DC. March 2001; 252 pp. 24 September 1999—15 December Order no. CP-500-30567. Order no. TP-500-29103. 2000. December 2000; 103 pp. Order no. SR-500-27527. Forsyth, T. Encouraging the Larwood, S. Wind Turbine Wake Domestic Small Turbine Market. Measurements in the Operating Osgood, R.M. September 2001; 13 pp. Presented at the Region of a Tail Vane. Dynamic Characterization Testing American Wind Energy Association’s January 2001; 12 pp. Presented at the of Wind Turbines. May 2001; 23 pp. WindPower 2001 Conference, 39th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Order no. TP-500-30070. 4–7 June 2001, Washington, DC. 8–11 January 2001, Reno, Nevada. Order no. CP-500-30564. Order no. CP-500-29132. Parsons, B.K.; Wan, Y.; Kirby, B. Wind Farm Power Fluctuations, Green, J.; VandenBosche, J.; Lehr, R.L.; Nielsen, J.; Andrews, S.; Ancillary Services, and System Lettenmaier, T.; Randall, G.; Wind, T. Milligan, M. Colorado Public Utility Operating Impact Analysis Power Quality of Distributed Commission’s Xcel Wind Decision. Activities in the United States: Wind Projects in the Turbine September 2001; 12 pp. Presented at the Preprint. July 2001; 9 pp. Prepared for Verification Program. American Wind Energy Association’s the European Wind Energy Conference, September 2001; 13 pp. Presented at the WindPower 2001 Conference, 2–6 July 2001, Copenhagen, Denmark. American Wind Energy Association’s 4–7 June 2001, Washington, DC. Order no. CP-500-30547. WindPower 2001 Conference, Order no. CP-500-30551. 4–7 June 2001, Washington, DC. Randall, G.; Vilhauer, R.; Thompson, C. Order no. CP-500-30407. Milligan, M.R. Chronological Characterizing the Effects of High Reliability Model to Assess Wind Penetration on a Small Griffin, D.A. WindPACT Turbine Operating Reserve Allocation to Isolated Grid in Arctic Alaska. Design Scaling Studies Technical Wind Power Plants: Preprint. September 2001; 11 pp. Presented at the Area 1—Composite Blades for July 2001; 7 pp. Prepared for the 2001 American Wind Energy Association’s 80- to 120-Meter Rotor; European Wind Energy Conference, WindPower 2001 Conference, 21 March 2000—15 March 2001. 2–6 July 2001, Copenhagen, Denmark. 4–7 June 2001, Washington, DC. April 2001; 44 pp. Work performed Order no. CP-500-30490. Order no. CP-500-30668. by Global Energy Concepts, LLC, Kirkland, Washington. Milligan, M.R. Sliding Window Shafer, D.A.; Strawmyer, K.R.; Order no. SR-500-29492. Technique for Calculating System Conley, R.M.; Guidinger, J.H.; LOLP Contributions of Wind Wilkie, D.C.; Zellman, T.F.; Hand, M.M.; Simms, D.A.; Power Plants. September 2001; 12 pp. Bernadett, D.W. WindPACT Turbine Fingersh, L.J.; Jager, D.W.; Cotrell, J.R. Presented at the American Wind Design Scaling Studies: Technical Unsteady Aerodynamics Energy Association’s WindPower 2001 Area 4—Balance-of-Station Cost, Experiment Phase V: Test Conference, 4–7 June 2001, 21 March 2000—15 March 2001. Configuration and Available Data Washington, DC. July 2001; 219 pp. Work performed Campaigns. August 2001; 160 pp. Order no. CP-500-30363. by Commonwealth Associates, Inc., Order no. TP-500-29491. Jackson, Michigan. Musial, W.D.; Bourne, B.; Hughes, S.D. Order no. SR-500-29950. Heimiller, D.M.; Haymes, S.R. Zuteck, M.D. Four-Point Bending Geographic Information Systems Strength Testing of Pultruded Simms, D.; Schreck, S.; Hand, M.; in Support of Wind Energy Fiberglass Composite Wind Fingersh, L.J. NREL Unsteady Activities at NREL: Preprint. Turbine Blade Sections. Aerodynamics Experiment in January 2001; 10 pp. Prepared for the September 2001; 15 pp. Presented at the the NASA-Ames Wind Tunnel: 39th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting, American Wind Energy Association’s A Comparison of Predictions to 8–11 January 2001, Reno, Nevada. WindPower 2001 Conference, Measurements. June 2001; 52 pp. Order no. CP-500-29164. 4–7 June 2001, Washington, DC. Order no. TP-500-29494. Order no. CP-500-30565. Larwood, S.; Sencenbaugh, J.; Acker, B. Sinclair, K. Status of Avian Research Controlled Velocity Testing of at the National Renewable Energy an 8-kW Wind Turbine. Laboratory. September 2001; 11 pp. July 2001; 19 pp. Presented at the Presented at the American Wind Energy American Wind Energy Association’s Association’s WindPower 2001 WindPower 2001 Conference, Conference, 4–7 June 2001, 4–7 June 2001, Washington, DC. Washington, DC. Order no. CP-500-30299. Order no. CP-500-30546.

28 Information Resources Catalog Smith, B.; Randall, G.; McCoy, T.; VandenBosche, J. Power Performance Testing Progress in the DOE/EPRI Turbine Verification Program. September 2001; 15 pp. Presented at the American Wind Energy Association’s WindPower 2001 Conference, 4–7 June 2001, Washington, DC. Order no. CP-500-30667.

Smith, K. WindPACT Turbine Design Scaling Studies Technical Area 2: Turbine, Rotor and Blade Logistics; 27 March 2000— 31 December 2000. June 2001; 224 pp. Work performed by Global Energy Concepts, LLC, Kirkland, Washington. Order no. SR-500-29439.

Wan, Y.H. Wind Power Plant Monitoring Project Annual Report. July 2001; 50 pp. Order no. TP-500-30032.

Weigand, C.H.; Lauw, H.K.; Marckx, D.A. Variable-Speed Generation Subsystem Using the Doubly-Fed Generator; Period of Performance: 9 February 1994—30 April 1999. November 2000; 137 pp. Work performed by Electronic Power Conditioning Incorporated, Salem, Oregon. Order no. SR-500-27066.

Technical Reports 29 30 Information Resources Catalog This section includes National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Conference Papers, documents that can be found in conference proceedings, journals, and books. These documents communicate findings from NREL research Journal Articles, and analysis to other technical professionals. PLEASE NOTE: The Book Chapters documents in this section are available through your local library.

Hooker, B.S.; Dai, Z.; Anderson, D.B.; Kim, K.H.; Tucker, M.P.; Keller, F.A.; Alternative Fuels Quesenberry, R.D.; Ruth, M.F.; Aden, A.; Nguyen, Q.A. Continuous Alternative Fuels Thomas, S.R. Chapter 4: Production Countercurrent Extraction of of Microbial Cellulases in Hemicellulose from Pretreated Transgenic Crop Plants. Wood Residues. Applied Biochemistry Allen, S.G.; Schulman, D.; Lichwa, J.; Himmel, M.E.; Baker, J.O.; Saddler, J.N., and Biotechnology: Proceedings of the Antal, M.J.; Jennings, E.; Elander, R. eds. Glycosal Hydrolases for Biomass Twenty-Second Symposium on Comparison of Aqueous and Conversion. ACS Symposium Series Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, Dilute-Acid Single-Temperature No. 769. Washington, DC: American 7–11 May 2000, Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Pretreatment of Yellow Poplar Chemical Society, 2000; pp. 55-90. Spring 2001; 91-93: pp. 253-267. Sawdust. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research. 16 May 2001; 40: Huang, Z.; Maness, P.C.; Dowe, N.; Kim, K.H.; Hong, J. Supercritical CO2 pp. 2352-2361. Mohagheghi, A.; Newman, M.; Pretreatment of Lignocellulose McMillan, J. Rapid Detection of Enhances Enzymatic Cellulose Alma, M.H.; Kelley, S.S. Conversion of Zymomonas mobilis Redox Activity Hydrolysis. Bioresource Technology. Barks of Several Tree Species into Using 5-cyano-2,3-tolyl-tetrazolium 2001; 77(2): pp. 139-144. Bakelite-Like Thermosetting Chloride (CTC). BioTechniques. 2000; Materials by Their Phenolysis. 29(3): pp. 424-428. Lawford, H.G.; Rousseau, J.D.; Journal of Polymer Engineering. 2000; 20: Tolan, J.S. Comparative Ethanol pp. 365-379. Kadam, K.L.; Wooley, R.J.; Aden, A.; Productivities of Different Nguyen, Q.A.; Yancey, M.A.; Zymomonas Recombinants Davison, B.H.; Finkelstein, M. Ferraro, F.M. Softwood Forest Fermenting Oat Hull Hydrolysate. Introduction to the Proceedings of Thinnings as a Biomass Source for Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology: the Twenty-Second Symposium on Ethanol Production: A Feasibility Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Biotechnology for Fuels and Study for California. Biotechnology Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels Chemicals. Applied Biochemistry and Progress. 2000; 16(6): pp. 947-957. and Chemicals, 7–11 May 2000, Biotechnology: Proceedings of the Twenty- Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Spring 2001; Second Symposium on Biotechnology for Kadam, K.L.; Wooley, R.J.; Aden, A.; 91-93: pp. 133-146. Work performed by Fuels and Chemicals, 7–11 May 2000, Nguyen, Q.A.; Yancey, M.A.; University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Spring 2001; Ferraro, F.M. Softwood Forest and IOGEN Corporation, Ottawa, 91-93: pp. iii-vii. Thinnings as a Biomass Source for Ontario, Canada. Ethanol Production: A Feasibility Decker, S.R.; Adney, W. S.; Vinzant, T.B.; Study for California. Estrada, C.A., Lawford, H.G.; Rousseau, J.D. Himmel, M.E. Chapter 13: Two Novel ed. Proceedings of the ISES Millennium Fermentation Performance Alkalotolerant Dextranases from Solar Forum 2000, 17–22 September 2000, Assessment of a Genomically Streptomyces anulatus. Himmel, M.E.; Mexico City, Mexico. Mexico: Asociacion Integrated Xylose-Utilizing Baker, J.O.; Saddler, J.N., eds. Glycosal Nacional de Energia Solar Recombinant of Zymomonas Hydrolases for Biomass Conversion. (The Mexican Chapter of ISES), 2000; mobilis 39676. Applied Biochemistry ACS Symposium Series No. 769. pp. 563-568. and Biotechnology: Proceedings of the Washington, DC: American Chemical Twenty-Second Symposium on Society, 2000; pp. 222-235. Kim, J.S.; Lee, Y.Y.; Torget, R.W. Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, Cellulose Hydrolysis Under 7–11 May 2000, Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Hettenhaus, J.R.; Schechinger, T.M. Extremely Low Sulfuric Acid and Spring 2001; 91-93pp. 117-131. Work Corn Stover Co-Products: High-Temperature Conditions. performed by University of Toronto, A Commercialization Course. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology: Ontario, Canada. Bioenergy 2000: Moving Technology into Proceedings of the Twenty-Second the Marketplace. Proceedings of the Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels Ninth Biennial Bioenergy Conference, and Chemicals, 7–11 May 2000, 15–19 October 2000, Buffalo, New York. Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Spring 2001; Madison, WI: Omnipress, 2000; 9 pp. 91-93: pp. 331-340.

Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters 31 McCormick, R.L.; Graboski, M.S.; Palma, R.; Zuccato, P.; Himmel, M.E.; Tucker, M.P.; Nguyen, Q.A.; Eddy, F.P.; Alleman, T.L.; Herring, A.M.; Tyson, K.S. Liang, G.; Brady, J.W. Chapter 7: Kadam, K.L.; Gedvilas, L.M.; Webb, J.D. Impact of Biodiesel Source Molecular Mechanics Studies of Fourier Transform Infrared Material and Chemical Structure Cellulases. Himmel, M.E.; Baker, J.O.; Quantitative Analysis of Sugars on Emissions of Criteria Pollutants Saddler, J.N., eds. Glycosal Hydrolases for and Lignin in Pretreated Softwood from a Heavy-Duty Engine. Biomass Conversion. ACS Symposium Solid Residues. Applied Biochemistry Environmental Science and Technology. Series No. 769. Washington, DC: and Biotechnology: Proceedings of the May 2001; 35(9): pp. 1742-1747. American Chemical Society, 2000; Twenty-Second Symposium on pp. 112-130. Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, McMillan, J.D.; Dowe, N.; 7–11 May 2000, Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Mohagheghi, A.; Newman, M.M. Schell, D.J.; Farmer, J.; Hamilton, J.; Spring 2001; 91-93: pp. 51-61. Chapter 9: Assessing the Efficacy Lyons, B.; McMillan, J.D.; Saez, J.C.; of Cellulase Enzyme Preparations Tholudur, A. Influence of Operating Ulzen-Appiah, F.; Briggs, R.D.; under Simultaneous Conditions and Vessel Size on Abrahamson, L.P.; Bickelhaupt, D.H. Saccharification and Oxygen Transfer During Cellulase Soil Carbon Pools in Short Fermentation Processing Production. Applied Biochemistry and Rotation Willows (Salix dasyclados) Conditions. Himmel, M.E.; Baker, J.O.; Biotechnology: Proceedings of the Twenty- Plantation Four Years After Saddler, J.N., eds. Glycosal Hydrolases Second Symposium on Biotechnology for Establishment. Bioenergy 2000: for Biomass Conversion. ACS Symposium Fuels and Chemicals, 7–11 May 2000, Moving Technology into the Marketplace. Series No. 769. Washington, DC: Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Spring 2001; Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial American Chemical Society, 2000; 91-93: pp. 627-642. Bioenergy Conference, pp. 144-166. 15–19 October 2000, Buffalo, New York. Sheehan, J. Chapter 1: The Road to Madison, WI: Omnipress, 2000; 10 pp. Nieves, R.A.; Overend, R.P.; Wooley, R.J.; Bioethanol: A Strategic Work performed by State University of Santos-Leon, G. Biofuels Potential in Perspective of the U.S. Department New York, Syracuse, New York. Latin America. Kyritsis, S., et al., eds. of Energy’s National Ethanol 1st World Conference on Biomass for Program. Himmel, M.E.; Baker, J.O.; Vinzant, T.B.; Adney, W.S.; Decker, S.R.; Energy and Industry: Proceedings of the Saddler, J.N., eds. Glycosal Hydrolases for Baker, J.O.; Kinter, M.T.; Sherman, N.E.; Conference held 5–9 June 2000, Sevilla, Biomass Conversion. ACS Symposium Fox, J.W.; Himmel, M.E. Spain. London, UK: James & James Ltd., Series No. 769. Washington, DC: Fingerprinting Trichoderma reesei 2001; Vol. II: pp. 1401-1405. American Chemical Society, 2000; Hydrolases in a Commercial pp. 2-25. Cellulase Preparation. Applied Nimlos, M.R.; Shin, E.J.; Brown, A.L.; Biochemistry and Biotechnology: Evans, R.J.; Daily, J.W. Molecular and Shin, E.J.; Nimlos, M.; Evans, R.J. Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Kinetic Modeling of Levoglucosan Formation of Aromatic Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels Pyrolysis. Preprints of Symposia of the Compounds from Gas Phase and Chemicals, 7–11 May 2000, American Chemical Society (ACS) Division Pyrolysis of Lignin. Preprints of Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Spring 2001; of Fuel Chemistry 221st National Meeting, Symposia of the American Chemical Society 91-93: pp. 99-107. 1–5 April 2001, San Diego, California. (ACS) Division of Fuel Chemistry 221st Washington, DC: American Chemical National Meeting, 1–5 April 2001, Walsh, M.E.; English, B.C.; Menard, R.J.; Society, 2001; 46(1): pp. 185-187. San Diego, California. Washington, DC: Brandt, C.; Wooley, R.; Turhollow, A.; American Chemical Society, 2001; de la Torre Ugarte, D. Corn Stover to Paisley, M.A.; Farris, M.C.; Black, J.W.; 46(1): pp. 254-256. Ethanol: Macroeconomic Impacts Irving, J.M.; Overend, R.P. Resulting from Industry Preliminary Operating Results Tholudur, A.; Ramirez, W.F.; Establishment. Bioenergy 2000: Moving from the Battelle/Ferco McMillan, J.D. Interpolated Technology into the Marketplace. Gasification Demonstration Plant Parameter Functions for Neural Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial in Burlington,Vermont, USA. Network Models. Computers and Bioenergy Conference, Kyritsis, S., et al., eds. 1st World Chemical Engineering. 2000; 24(11): 15-19 October 2000, Buffalo, New York. Conference on Biomass for Energy and pp. 2545-2553. Madison, WI: Omnipress, 2000; 9 pp. Industry: Proceedings of the Conference held 5–9 June 2000, Sevilla, Spain. Torget, R.W. Process Separates Xiang, Q.; Lee, Y.Y. Production of London, UK: James & James Ltd., 2001; Hemicellulose Sugars from Oxychemicals from Precipitated Vol. II: pp. 1494-1497. Biomass. Industrial Bioprocessing Alert. Hardwood Lignin. Applied 11 May 2001; 1 p. Biochemistry and Biotechnology: Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 7–11 May 2000, Gatlinburg, Tennessee. Spring 2001; 91-93: pp. 71-80. Work performed by Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama.

32 Information Resources Catalog Liu, S.G.; Martineau, C.; Mann, M.K.; Spath, P.L. Life Cycle Basic Sciences Raimundo, J.M.; Roncali, J.; Assessment of Biomass Cofiring in Echegoyen, L. Formation and a Coal-Fired Power Plant. Clean Electrochemical Desorption Products and Processes. 2001; 3: of Stable and Electroactive pp. 81-91. Arakawa, H.; Aresta, M.; Armor, J.N.; Self-Assembled Monolayers Barteau, M.A.; Beckman, E.J.; Bell, A.T.; (SAMs) of Ogliothiophene- Overend, R.P. Book Review: Bercaw, J.E.; Cruetz, C.; Dinjus, E.; Fulleropyrrolidine Dyads. Chemical Industrial Uses of Biomass Dixon, D.A.; Domen, K.; DuBois, D.L.; Communications. 2001: pp. 913-914. Energy—The Example of Brazil. Eckert, J.; Fujita, E.; Gibson, D.H.; Energy. February 2001; 26(2): Goddard, W.A.; Goodman, D.W.; Rumbles, G. Solid-State Optics: pp. 217-219. Keller, J.; Kubas, G.J.; Kung, H.H., et al. A Laser that Turns Down the Heat. Catalysis Research of Relevance Nature. 1 February 2001; 409: to Carbon Management: Progress, pp. 572-573. Challenges, and Opportunities. Buildings Chemical Reviews. 2001; 101(4): Schneider, J.J.; Czap, N.; Hagen, J.; pp.953-996. Engstler, J.; Ensling, J.; Gutlich, P.; Reinoehl, U.; Bertagnolli, H.; Luis, F.; Berning, D.E.; Miedaner, A.; Curtis, C.J.; de Jongh, L.J.; Wark, M.; Grubert, G.; Balcomb, J.D.; Curtner, A. Noll, B.C.; DuBois, M.C.R.; DuBois, D.L. Hornyak, G.L.; Zanoni, R. Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Free-Energy Relationships Between Metallorganic Routes to Nanoscale Process for Buildings. Collection of the Proton and Hydride Donor Iron and Titanium Oxide Particles Technical Papers from the 35th Intersociety Abilities of [HNi(diphosphine) ]+ 2 Encapsulated in Mesoporous Energy Conversion Engineering Conference Complexes and the Half-Wave Alumina: Formation, Physical and Exhibit (IECEC), 24–28 July 2000, Potentials of Their Conjugate Properties and Chemical Las Vegas, Nevada. Reston, VA: Bases. Organometallics. 30 April 2001; Reactivity. Chemistry—A European American Institute of Aeronautics and 20(9): pp. 1832-1839. Journal. 1 December 2000; 6(23): Astronautics, 2000; Vol. 1: pp. 528-535. pp. 4305-4321. (For preprint version, including Brown, C.M.; Yildirim, T.; full-text online document, see Neumann, D.A.; Heben, M.J.; Wei, S.H.; Zhang, S.B. First-Principles NREL/CP-550-28533.) Gennett, T.; Dillon, A.C.; Alleman, J.L.; Study of Cation Distribution in Fischer, J.E. Quantum Rotation of II III Eighteen Closed-Shell A B2 O4 Benioff, R.; Green, C.; Haller, C.; Hydrogen in Single-Wall Carbon IV II Keegan, P.; Kline, D.; Lew, D.; Renne, J. and A B2 O4 Spinel Oxides. Nanotubes. Chemical Physics Letters. Technology Cooperation 20 October 2000; 329: pp. 311-316. Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter. 9 January 2001; 63(4): 045112 (8 pp.). Agreement Pilot Project (TCAPP). Collection of Technical Papers from the Deb, S.K. Recent Developments in 35th Intersociety Energy Conversion High-Efficiency PV Cells. Yuan, Y.; Gregg, B.A.; Lawrence, M.F. Engineering Conference and Exhibit Sayigh, A.A.M., ed. Renewable Energy— Time-of-Flight Study of Electrical Charge Mobilities in (IECEC), 24–28 July 2000, Las Vegas, Renewables: The Energy for the 21st Liquid-Crystalline Zn Octakis Nevada. Reston, VA: American Institute Century. Proceedings of World (β-octoxyethyl) Porphyrin Films. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000; Renewable Energy Congress VI Vol. 1: pp. 536-544. (WREC2000), 1–7 July2000, Brighton, Journal of Materials Research. November 2000; 15(11): pp. 2494-2498. United Kingdom. New York: Pergamon, Farhar, B.C.; Coburn, T.C. Some 2000; pp. 2658-2663. (For preprint Recent Research on the Markets version, including full-text online for Residential Renewable Energy. document, see NREL/CP-590-28060.) Panel 8—Consumer Behavior and Biopower Non-Energy Effects. Proceedings of DuBois, D.L.; Berning, D.E. Hydricity the 2000 ACEEE Summer Study on of Transition-Metal Hydrides and Energy Efficiency in Buildings, its Role in CO2 Reduction. Applied 20–25 August 2000, Pacific Grove, Organomtellic Chemistry. 2000; 14: Mann, M.K.; Spath, PL. California. Washington, DC: American pp. 860-862. Comparison of the Environmental Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy Consequences of Power from (ACE3), 2000; pp. 8.93-8.108. Gouloumis, A.; Liu, S.G.; Biomass, Coal, and Natural Gas. Vazquez, P.; Echegoyen, L.; Torres, T. st Strong Intramolecular Electronic Kyritsis, S., et al., eds. 1 World Interactions in an Conference on Biomass for Energy and Anthraquinone Bridged Bis- Industry: Proceedings of the Conference Ethenylphthalocyaninatozinc(II) held 5-9 June 2000, Sevilla, Spain. Triad. Chemical Communications. 2001; London, UK: James & James Ltd., 2001; pp. 399-400. Vol. I: pp. 65-68.

Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters 33 Farrar-Nagy, S.; Reeves, P.; Zimmerman, M.B.; Huang, Y.J.; Brown, A.L.; Dayton, D.C.; Hancock, C.E.; Anderson, R. Watson, R.; Han, S.; Judkoff, R.; Nimlos, M.R.; Daily, J.W. Impacts of Shading and Glazing Sherman, M. Joint US–China Characterization of Biomass Combinations on Residential Demonstration Energy Efficient Pyrolysis Vapors with Molecular Energy Use in a Hot Dry Climate. Office Building. Panel 3—Commercial Beam, Single Photon Ionization Panel 1—Residential Buildings: Buildings: Technologies, Design, and Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Technologies, Design, and Performance Performance Analysis. Proceedings of Chemosphere. 2001; 42: pp. 663-669. Analysis. Proceedings of the 2000 ACEEE the 2000 ACEEE Summer Study on Summer Study on Energy Efficiency in Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Chum, H.L.; Overend, R.P. Buildings, 20–25 August 2000, Pacific 20–25 August 2000, Pacific Grove, Biomass and Renewable Fuels. Grove, California. Washington, DC: California. Washington, DC: American Fuel Processing Technology. June 2001; American Council for an Energy- Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy 71(1-3): pp. 187-195. Efficient Economy (ACE3), 2000; (ACE3), 2000; pp. 3.395-3.408. pp. 1.63-1.76. (For preprint version, Chum, H.L.; Costello, R. Overview of including full-text online document, Policies and Strategies for see NREL/CP-550-28203.) Biomass and Bioenergy in the Chemical Technologies United States. Kyritsis, S., et al., eds. Hayter, S.J.; Torcellini, P.A.; Chemical Technologies 1st World Conference on Biomass for Eastment, M.; Judkoff, R. Using the Energy and Industry: Proceedings of the Whole-Building Design Approach Conference held 5–9 June 2000, Sevilla, to Incorporate Daylighting into Alma, M.H.; Kelley, S.S.; Bektas, I. Spain. London, UK: James & James Ltd., a Retail Space. Panel 3—Commercial Tensile Properties of Molding 2001; Vol. II: pp. 1248-1252. Buildings: Technologies, Design, and Products Obtained by the Performance Analysis. Proceedings of Condensation of Various Tree Fadeev, A.G.; Selinskaya, Y.A.; the 2000 ACEEE Summer Study on Barks and Phenol by Using Kelley, S.S.; Meagher, M.M.; Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Sulfuric Acid as a Catalyst. Khotimsky, V.S.; Volkov, V.V. 20–25 August 2000, Pacific Grove, Journal of Materials Science Letters. 2000; Extraction of Butanol from California. Washington, DC: American 19: pp. 1517-1520. Aqueous Solutions by Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy Pervaporation Through (ACE3), 2000; pp. 3.173-3.184. Bain, R.L.; Mancini, T.R. Status of the Poly[1-trimethylsilyl-1-Propyne]. (For preprint version, including U.S. Department of Energy Small Journal of Membrane Science. full-text online document, see Modular Biopower Initiative. 30 May 2001; 186: pp. 205-217. NREL/CP-550-28069.) Kyritsis, S., et al., eds. 1st World Conference on Biomass for Energy and Friderichsen, A.V.; Radziszewski, J.G.; May, K.; Barker, G.; Hancock, E.; Industry: Proceedings of the Conference Nimlos, M.R.; Winter, P.R.; Walker, A.; Dominick, J.; Westby, B. held 5–9 June 2000, Sevilla, Spain. Dayton, D.C.; David, D.E.; Ellison, G.B. Performance of a Large Parabolic London, UK: James & James Ltd., 2001; Infrared Spectrum of the Trough Solar Water Heating Vol. II: pp. 1490-1493. Matrix-Isolated Phenyl Radical. System at Phoenix Federal Journal of the American Chemical Society. Correctional Institution. Journal of Blander, M.; Milne, T.A.; Dayton, D.C.; 7 March 2001; 123(9): pp. 1977-1988. Solar Energy Engineering: Transactions of Backman, R.; Blake, D.; Kuhnel, V.; the American Society of Mechanical Linak, W.; Nordin, A.; Ljung, A. Hodgson, D.; Zhang, H.Y.; Nimlos, M.R.; Engineers (ASME). November 2000; 122: Equilibrium Chemistry of Biomass McKinnon, J.T. Quantum Chemical pp. 165-169. Combustion: A Round-Robin Set of and RRKM Investigation of the Calculations Using Available Elementary Channels of the 3 Slayzak, S. NREL’s Advanced HVAC Computer Programs and Reaction C6H6 + O ( P). Journal of Project: Research to Reduce Databases. Energy and Fuels. 2001; 15: Physical Chemistry A. May 2001; 105: Energy Use and Cost. Energy Solutions. pp. 344-349. pp. 4316-4327. Spring 2001; 1(2): pp. 14-15. Bozell, J.J. Chapter 1: Chemicals Kelley, S.S.; Wang, X.M.; Myers, M.D.; Torcellini, P. Better Buildings by and Materials from Renewable Davis, M.F. Chapter 14: Use of Design. Solar Today. March/April 2001; Resources. Bozell, J.J., ed. Chemicals Model Compounds to Study the 15(2): pp. 40-43. and Materials from Renewable Resources. Reactivity and Cross-Linking of ACS Symposium Series 784. Natural Phenolics. Bozell, J.J., ed. Walker, A.; Dominick, J. Performance Washington, DC: American Chemical Chemicals and Materials from Renewable Contracting of a Parabolic Trough Society, 2001; pp. 1-9. Resources. ACS Symposium Series 784. System at the Federal Correction Washington, DC: American Chemical Institution—Phoenix. Collection of Bozell, J.J.; Miller, D.; Hames, B.R.; Society, 2001; pp. 174-190. Technical Papers from the 35th Intersociety Loveless, C. Stereoselective and Energy Conversion Engineering Conference Regioselective Reaction of Cyclic and Exhibit (IECEC), 24-28 July 2000, Ortho Esters with Phenols. Las Vegas, Nevada. Reston, VA: Journal of Organic Chemistry. May 2001; American Institute of Aeronautics and 66: pp. 3084-3089. Astronautics, 2000; Vol. 1: pp. 522-527. 34 Information Resources Catalog Kim, K.H.; Hong, J. Desorption Zheng, J.P.; Waluk, J.; Truly, R.H. Clean Energy Century: Kinetic Model for Supercritical Spanget-Larsen, J.; Blake, D.M.; The Path Forward for Renewable

Fluid Extraction of Spearmint Radziszewski, J.G. Tetrazete (N4): Energy in the New Millennium. Leaf Oil. Separation Science and Can It Be Prepared and Observed? Sayigh, A.A.M., ed. Renewable Energy— Technology. 2001; 36(7): pp. 1437-1450. Chemical Physics Letters. Renewables: The Energy for the 21st 22 September 2000; 328(1-2): Century. Proceedings of World Lapinski, A.; Spanget-Larsen, J.; pp. 227-233. Renewable Energy Congress VI Waluk, J.; Radziszewski, J.G. (WREC2000), 1–7 July 2000, Brighton, Vibrations of Nitrous Oxide: United Kingdom. New York: Pergamon, Matrix Isolation Fourier 2000; pp. 10-15. Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Twelve N2O Isotopomers. ElectrochromicElectrochromic Windowswindows Journal of Chemical Physics. 22 July 2001; 115(4): pp. 1757-1764. Energy Policy and Analysis Moens, L. Chapter 4: Synthesis of Deb, S.K.; Lee, S.H.; Tracy, C.E.; δ-Aminolevulinic Acid. Bozell, J.J., Pitts, J.R.; Gregg, B.A.; Branz, H.M. ed. Chemicals and Materials from Stand-Alone Photovoltaic-Powered Renewable Resources. ACS Symposium Electrochromic Smart Window. Birky, A.K.; Maples, J.D.; Moore, J.S. Jr.; Series 784. Washington, DC: American Electrochimica Acta. 2 April 2001; Patterson, P.D. Future World Oil Chemical Society, 2001; pp. 37-50. 46(13-14): pp. 2125-2130. Prices and the Potential for New Transportation Fuels. Nandi, S.; Arnold, P.A.; Carpenter, B.K.; Lee, S.H.; Tracy, C.E.; Jorgensen, G.; Paper No. 00-1137. Transportation Nimlos, M.R.; Dayton, D.C.; Pitts, J.R.; Deb, S.K. Cyclic Research Record. 2000; 1738: pp. 94-99. Ellison, G.B. Polarized Infrared Environmental Testing of Absorption Spectra of Matrix- Electrochromic Window Devices. Grover, S.; Babiuch, B. Pay Now, Isolated Allyl Radicals. Journal of Electrochimica Acta. 2 April 2001; Save Later: Using Conjoint Physical Chemistry A. 2001; 105: 46(13-14): pp. 2237-2242. Analysis to Estimate Consumers’ pp. 7514-7524. Willingness to Pay for Energy Efficiency. Panel 8—Consumer Behavior Renne, D.; George, R.; Brady, L.; and Non-Energy Effects. Proceedings of Marion, B.; Cajigall, V.E. Estimating Energy Efficiency and the 2000 ACEEE Summer Study on Solar Resources in Mexico Using Renewable Energy Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Cloud Cover Data. Estrada, C.A., ed. 20–25 August 2000, Pacific Grove, Proceedings of the ISES Millennium Solar California. Washington, DC: American Forum 2000, 17–22 September 2000, Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy Mexico City, Mexico. Mexico: Bull, S.R. Renewable Energy (ACE3), 2000; pp. 8.137-8.148. Asociacion Nacional de Energia Solar Today and Tomorrow. (The Mexican Chapter of ISES), 2000; Proceedings of the IEEE. August 2001; Judkoff, R.; Farhar, B.C. Lessons pp. 627-632. 89(8): pp. 1216-1226. Learned: Five Years of Home Energy Rating Systems (HERS) Scurlock, J.M.O.; Dayton, D.C.; Carlisle, N.; Crawley, A.; DeGroat, K. and Energy-Efficient Mortgages Hames, B. Bamboo: An Overlooked Green Power for the Red, White (EEMs) in the Pilot States. Biomass Resource? Biomass and and Blue. Panel 4—Commercial Panel 9—Energy and Environmental Policy. Bioenergy. 2000; 19: pp. 229-244. Buildings: Program Design, Proceedings of the 2000 ACEEE Summer Implementation, and Evaluation. Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Spath, P.; Amos, W. Incorporating Proceedings of the 2000 ACEEE Summer 20–25 August 2000, Pacific Grove,

CO2 Sequestration and Coalbed Study on Energy Efficiency in Buildings, California. Washington, DC: American Methane Recovery into Hydrogen 20–25 August 2000, Pacific Grove, Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy Production from Coal—Economics California. Washington, DC: American (ACE3), 2000; pp. 9.201-9.214. and Environmental Aspects. Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy Preprints of Symposia: American Chemical (ACE3), 2000; pp. 4.47-4.58. Kline, D. Positive Feedback, Society Division of Fuel Chemistry, Lock-in, and Environmental August 2000, Washington, DC. 2000; Farhar, B.C. Progress on Linking Policy. Policy Sciences. 2001; 34: 45(4): pp. 761-765. Gender and Sustainable Energy. pp. 95-107. Sayigh, A.A.M., ed. Renewable Energy— Sugama, T.; Kelley, S.S.; Gawlik, K. Renewables: The Energy for the 21st Oliver, T.; Lew, D.; Redlinger, R.; Hydrothermal Degradation Study Century. Proceedings of World Prijyanonda, C. Global Energy of Phenolic Polymer Coatings by Renewable Energy Congress VI Efficiency and Renewable Energy Advanced Analytical Methods. (WREC2000), 1–7 July 2000, Brighton, Policy Options and Initiatives. Journal of Coatings Technology. United Kingdom. New York: Pergamon, Energy for Sustainable Development. June 2001; 73(917): pp. 65-71. 2000; pp. 1518-1523. June 2001; V(2): pp. 15-25.

Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters 35 Porter, K.; Wiser, R. Biomass Power Hassani, V.; Netter, J. and State Renewable Energy Ammonia/Water Condensation Materials Science and Policies Under Electric Industry Tests: Vertical Tube Results. Materials Science and Restructuring. Bioenergy 2000: Ushering in a Geothermal Millennium: Semiconductors Moving Technology into the Marketplace. Proceedings of 2000 Geothermal Proceedings of the Ninth Biennial Resources Council Annual Meeting, Bioenergy Conference, 24–27 September 2000, San Francisco, Ahrenkiel, R.K.; Johnston, S.W.; 15–19 October 2000, Buffalo, New York. California. GRC Transactions, Vol. 24. Webb, J.D.; Gedvilas, L.M.; Madison, WI: Omnipress, 2000; 10 pp. Davis, CA: Geothermal Resources Carapella, J.J.; Wanlass, M.W. Council, 2000; pp. 479-483. Recombination Lifetimes in Shah, J.; Nagpal, T.; Johnson, T.; Undoped, Low-Band Gap Amann, M.; Carmichael, G.; Foell, W.; Kutscher, C.; Gawlik, K. InAsyP1-y/InxGa1-xAs Double Green, C.; Hettelingh, J.P.; Hordijk, L.; Development of a Porous Fin Heterostructures Grown on InP Li, J.; Peng, C.; Pu, Y.; Ramankutty, R.; Air-Cooled Condenser. Ushering in a Substrates. Applied Physics Letters. Streets, D. Integrated Analysis Geothermal Millennium: Proceedings of 19 February 2001; 78(8): pp. 1092-1094. for Acid Rain in Asia: Policy 2000 Geothermal Resources Council Implications and Results of Annual Meeting, 24–27 September 2000, Beckstein, O.; Klepeis, J.E.; Hart, G.L.W.; RAINS-ASIA Model. Socolow, R.H., San Francisco, California. Pankratov, O. First-Principles Elastic et al., eds. Annual Review of Energy and GRC Transactions, Vol. 24. Davis, CA: Constants and Electronic Structure α the Environment, Vol. 25, 2000. Palo Alto, Geothermal Resources Council, 2000; of -Pt2Si and PtSi. CA: Annual Reviews, 2000; pp. 339-375. pp. 485-489. (Article No. 134112). Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. Short, W. Potential of Renewables 2001; 63(13): 12 pp. to Mitigate Global Climate Change. IEEE Power Engineering Review. Hydrogen Ciszek, T.F.; Wang, T.H.; Landry, M.; April 2001; 21(4): pp. 12-14. Hydrogen Matthaus, A.; Mihalik, G.B. Silicon Ingot Lifetime Tester for Large Wolfson, M. Chapter 9: Crystals. Kolbesen, B.O., et al., eds. The Regulatory Environment. Dillon, A.C.; Heben, M.J. Hydrogen Analytical and Diagnostic Techniques for Borbely, A.M.; Kreider, J.F., eds. Storage Using Carbon Adsorbents: Semiconductor Materials, Devices, and Distributed Generation: The Power Past, Present and Future. Applied Processes: Joint Proceedings of the Paradigm for the New Millenium. Physics. A, Materials Science and Symposia on ALTECH 99, Satellite Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001; Processing. February 2001; 72(2): Symposium to ESSDERC 99, Leuven, pp. 249-270. pp. 133-142. Belgium and the Electrochemical Society Symposium on Diagnostic Techniques for Feik, C.J.; French, R.; Czernik, S.; Semiconductor Materials and Devices. Chornet, E. Production of Hydrogen ECS Proceedings, Vol. 99–16 and Geothermal Energy from Biomass-Derived Liquids. SPIE Vol. 3895. Bellingham, WA: Pacheco, J.E.; Thornbloom, M.D., eds. The International Society for Optical Solar Engineering 2000: Proceedings of the Engineering, 2000; pp. 365-372. Gawlik, K.; Sugama, T.; Webster, R.; International Solar Energy Conference, (For preprint version, including Reams, W. Development and Field 16–21 June 2000, Madison, Wisconsin. full-text online document, see Testing of Polymer Heat New York: American Society of NREL/CP-590-26499.) Exchanger Tube Coatings. Ushering Mechanical Engineers, 2000; in a Geothermal Millennium: Proceedings pp. 175-177. Dake, L.S.; King, D.E.; Czanderna, A.W. of 2000 Geothermal Resources Council Ion Scattering and X-Ray Annual Meeting, 24–27 September 2000, Garcia, L.; French, R.; Czernik, S.; Photoelectron Spectroscopy San Francisco, California. Chornet, E. Hydrogen Production by of Copper Overlayers Vacuum GRC Transactions, Vol. 24. Davis, CA: Steam Reforming of Bio-Oils Using Deposited onto Geothermal Resources Council, 2000; Commercial and Laboratory Mercaptohexadecanoic Acid pp. 659-664. Catalysts. Kyritsis, S., et al., eds. Self-Assembled Monolayers. 1st World Conference on Biomass for Solid State Sciences. 2000; 2: pp. 781-789. Gawlik, K.; Kutscher, C. Investigation Energy and Industry: Proceedings of the of the Opportunity for Small-Scale Conference held 5–9 June 2000, Sevilla, Ferguson, I.T.; Norman, A.G.; Geothermal Power Plants in the Spain. London, UK: James & James Ltd., Seong, T.Y. Relationship Between Western United States. Ushering in a 2001; Vol. II: pp. 1681-1684. the Lateral Length and Thickness Geothermal Millennium: Proceedings of of the Platelets in Naturally 2000 Geothermal Resources Council Ghirardi, M.L.; Zhang, L.; Lee, J.W.; Occurring Strained Layer Annual Meeting, 24–27 September 2000, Flynn, T.; Seibert, M.; Greenbaum, E.; Superlattice Structures. Journal of San Francisco, California. Melis, A. Microalgae: A Green Applied Physics. 15 November 2000;

GRC Transactions, Vol. 24. Davis, CA: Source of Renewable H2. 88(10): pp. 5733-5736. Geothermal Resources Council, 2000; Trends in Biotechnology. December 2000; pp. 109-112. 18: pp. 506-511. 36 Information Resources Catalog Gennett, T.; Dillon, A.C.; Alleman, J.L.; Micic, O.I.; Smith, B.B.; Nozik, A.J. Siemoneit, K.; Reineke-Koch, R.; Jones, K.M.; Hasoon, F.S.; Heben, M.J. Core-Shell Quantum Dots of Meier, A.; Memming R. Fast Processes

Formation of Single-Wall Carbon Lattice-Matched ZnCdSe2 Shells on at Semiconductor–Liquid Nanotube Superbundles. InP Cores: Experiment and Theory. Interfaces: Reactions at GaAs Chemistry of Materials. March 2000; Journal of Physical Chemistry B. Electrodes. Electrochimica Acta. 2000; 12(3): pp. 599-601. 28 December 2000; 104(51): 45: pp. 4577-4589. pp. 12149-12156. Gregg, B.A.; Cormier, R.A. Smith, B.B.; Nozik, A.J. Theoretical Doping Molecular Semiconductors: Nozik, A.J. Spectroscopy and Hot Studies of Electronic State n-Type Doping of a Liquid Crystal Electron Relaxation Dyanmics in Localization and Wormholes in Perylene Diimide. Journal of the Semiconductor Quantum Wells Silicon Quantum Dot Arrays. American Chemical Society. 2001; and Quantum Dots. Annual Review Nano Letters. 2001; 1(1): pp. 36-41. 123(32): pp. 7959-7960. of Physical Chemistry. 2001; 52: pp. 193-231. Stanbery, B.J.; Chang, C.H.; Kim, S.; Gregg, B.A.; Pichot, F.; Ferrere, S.; Kincal, S.; Lippold, G.; Ahrenkiel, S.P.; Fields, C.L. Interfacial Park, N.G.; Chang, S.H.; Li, L.; Anderson, T.J.; Al-Jassim, M.M. Recombination Processes in Dye- van de Lagemaat, J.; Kim, K.J.; Epitaxial Growth of CuAu-Ordered Sensitized Solar Cells and Methods Frank, A.J. Effect of Cations on the CuInSe2 Structural Polytypes by to Passivate the Interfaces. Open-Circuit Photovoltage and the Migration Enhanced Epitaxy. Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 2001; Charge-Injection Efficiency of Dye- Mascarenhas, A., et al., eds. 105(7): pp. 1422-1429. Sensitized Nanocrystalline Rutile Self-Organized Processes in

TiO2 Films. Bulletin of the Korean Semiconductor Alloys: Proceedings of the Hong, Y.G.; Tu, C.W.; Ahrenkiel, R.K. Chemical Society. 2000; 21(10): Materials Research Society Symposium, Improving Properties of GaInNAs pp. 985-988. 29 November—2 December 1999, with a Short-Period GaInAs/GaNAs Boston, Massachusetts. Materials Superlattice. Journal of Crystal Growth. Sanati, M.; Saxena, A.; Lookman, T. Research Society Symposium Papers from the Eleventh International Domain Wall Modeling of BCC Proceedings, Vol. 583. Warrendale, PA: Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy to HCP Reconstructive Phase Materials Research Society, 2000; pp. (MBE-XI), 11–15 September 2000, Transformation in Early 195-200. Beijing, China. 2001; 227-288: Transition Metals. pp. 536-540. (Article No. 092101). Physical Review. B, Taylor, P.C.; Schultz, N.A.; Yan, B.; Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. Efros, A.L. Universal Distribution Janotti, A.; Wei, S.H.; Zhang, S.B.; 2001; 64(9): 4 pp. of Optically Excited Carriers in Kurtz, S. Structural and Electronic Tetrahedral Amorphous Properties of ZnGeAs2. Sanati, M.; Saxena, A.; Lookman, T.; Semiconductors. Miura, N.; Ando, T., (Article No. 195210). Physical Review. B, Albers, R.C. Landau Free Energy for eds. Proceedings of the 25th International Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. a BCC–HCP Reconstructive Phase Conference on the Physics of 2001; 63(19): 7 pp. Transformation. (Article No. 224114). Semiconductors, 17–22 September 2000, Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Osaka, Japan. Berlin, Germany: Koc, R.; Glatzmaier, G.; Sibold, J. Materials Physics. 2001; 63(22): 7 pp. Springer-Verlag, 2001; Part II: β-SiC Production by Reacting pp. 1477-1478. Work performed by Silica Gel with Hydrocarbon Gas. Sanati, M.; Albers, R.C.; Pinski, F.J. University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. Journal of Materials Science. 2001; 36: ω-Phase Formation in NiAl and pp. 995-999. Ni2Al Alloys. Journal of Physics: Wei, S.H. Electronic Structure Condensed Matter. 2001; 13(22): and Stability of Spinel Oxides. Liu, P.; Zhang, J.G.; Turner, J.A. pp. 5387-5398. Hwang, H.L., et al., eds. Japanese Journal Potassium Manganese-Vanadium of Applied Physics Supplement 39-1. Oxide Cathodes Prepared by Shan, W.; Walukiewicz, W.; Yu, K.M.; ICTMC–12: Proceedings of the 12th Hydrothermal Synthesis. Journal of Ager, J.W. III; Haller, E.E.; Geisz, J.F.; International Conference on Ternary Power Sources. 2001; 92: pp. 204-211. Friedman, D.J.; Olson, J.M.; Kurtz, S.R.; and Multinary Compounds, Xin, H.P.; Tu, C.W. Band Anticrossing 13–17 March 2000, Hsin-chu, Taiwan, Micic, O.; Ahrenkiel, S. P.; Nozik, A.J. in III-N-V Alloys. Physica Status Solidi R.O.C. 2000; 39: pp. 251-256. Synthesis of Extremely Small InP B–Basic Research. 2001; 223: pp. 75-85. Quantum Dots and Electronic Wei, S.H.; Zhang, S.B. Coupling in Their Disordered Solid Shan, W.; Walukiewicz, W.; Yu, K.M.; Structure Stability and Carrier Films. Applied Physics Letters. Ager, J.W. III; Haller, E.E.; Geisz, J.F.; Localization in CdX (X=S,Se,Te) 18 June 2001; 78(25): pp. 4022-4024. Friedman, D.J.; Olson, J.M.; Semiconductors. Physical Review. B, Kurtz, S.R.; Nauka, C. Effect of Condensed Matter. 15 September 2000-I; Nitrogen on the Electrical Band 62(11): pp. 6944-6947. Structure of Group III-N-V Alloys. Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter. 15 August 2000-I; 62(7): pp. 4211-4214. Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters 37 Yan, Y; Pennycook, S.J. Chemical Zhang, S.B.; Wei, S.H.; Yan, Y. Park, N.G.; van de Lagemaat, J.;

Ordering in Al72Ni20Co8 Decagonal Thermodynamics of Codoping: Frank, A.J. Comparison of Quasicrystals. Physical Review Letters. How Does it Work? Physica B— Dye-Sensitized Rutile- and 19 February 2001; 86(8): pp. 1542-1545. Condensed Matter. 2001; 302-303: Anatase-Based TiO2 Solar Cells. pp. 135-139. Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 2000; Yan, Y.; Pennycook, S.J. 104(38): pp. 8989-8994. Z-Contrast Imaging of Decagonal Zhang, Y.; Mascarenhas, A.; Deb, S.K. Quasicrystals: An Atomistic Model Heavily Nitrogen-Doped III-V Perkins, C.L.; Henderson, M.A.; of Growth. Materials Science and Semiconductors for McCready, D.E.; Herman, G.S. Engineering A: Structural Materials. High-Efficiency Solar Cells. Comment on “Electron Source Properties, Microstructures and Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth in Photoinduced Hydrogen Processing: Proceedings of the 7th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Production on Pt-Supported (ICQ7) International Conference on Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, TiO2 Particles”. Journal of Physical Quasicrystals, 20–24 September 1999, Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Chemistry B. 18 January 2001; 105: Stuttgart, Germany. 15 December 2000; Institute of Electrical and Electronics pp. 595-596. 294-296: pp. 211-216. Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1189-1192. Perkins, C.L.; Henderson, M.A. Yu, K.M.; Walukiewicz, W.; Shan, W.; Photodesorption and Trapping Wu, J.; Ager, J.W. III; Haller, E.E.; of Molecular Oxygen at the

Geisz, J.F.; Ridgway, M.C. Nitrogen- TiO2(110)-Water Ice Interface. Induced Enhancement of the Free National Renewable Journal of Physical Chemistry B. Electron Concentration in Sulfur Energy Laboratory May 2001; 105: pp. 3856-3863. Implanted GaNxAs1-x. Applied Physics Letters. 30 October 2000; 77(18): Sebastian, P.J.; Mathews, N.R.; pp. 2858-2860. Mathew, X; Pattabi, M.; Turner, J. Murphy, L. Clean Energy Business Characterization of SiC Based Zaban, A.; Chen, S.G.; Chappel, S.; Incubators. In Business. Photoelectrochemical System for Gregg, B.A. Bilayer Nanoporous September/October 2000; 22(5): Hydrogen Production. Mao, Z.Q.; Electrodes for Dye Sensitized pp. 25-26. Veziroglu, T.N., eds. Hydrogen Energy Solar Cells. Chemical Communications. Progress XIII: Proceedings of the 13th September 2000; 22: pp. 2231-2232. World Hydrogen Energy Conference, 12–15 June 2000, Beijing, China. [S.I.] Zhang, S.B.; Wei, S.H. Nitrogen Published on behalf of the International Solubility and Induced Defect Photoconversion Association for Hydrogen Energy Complexes in Epitaxial GaAs:N. (IAHE), 2000; Vol. 1: pp. 408-412. Physical Review Letters. 26 February 2001; 86(9): pp. 1789-1792. Sebastian, P.J.; Mathews, N.R.; Ferrere, S.; Gregg, B.A. Mathew, X.; Pattabi, M.; Turner, J. Large Increases in Photocurrents Zhang, S.B.; Wei, S.H. Nitrogen Photoelectrochemical and Solar Conversion Efficiencies Solubility and Nitrogen Induced Characterization of SiC. by UV Illumination of Dye Defect Complexes in Epitaxially International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. Sensitized Solar Cells. Journal of Grown GaAsN. Miura, N.; Ando, T., 2001; 26: pp. 123-125. eds. Proceedings of the 25th International Physical Chemistry B. 2001; 105: pp. Conference on the Physics of 7602-7605. Semiconductors, 17–22 September 2000, Osaka, Japan. Berlin, Germany: Filley, J.; Miedaner, A.; Ibrahim, M.; Springer-Verlag, 2001; Part II: Nimlos, M.R.; Blake, D.M. SolSolarar Energy–PhotovoltaicsEnergy–Photovoltaics pp. 1493-1494. Energetics of the 2+2 Cyclization of Limonene. Journal of Photochemistry Zhang, S.B.; Branz, H.M. and Photobiology A: Chemistry. 2001; 139: pp. 17-21. Novel Biexcitonic, Non-Radiative Adamian, Z.N.; Hakhoyan, A.P.; Electron-Hole Recombination Aroutiounian, V.M.; Barseghian, R.S.; Jankowiak, R.; Zazubovich, V.; Mechanism and Its Application Touryan, K. Investigations of Ratsep, M.; Matsuzaki, S.; Alfonso, M.; in Hydrogenated Silicon Solar Cells with Porous Silicon Picorel, R.; Seibert, M.; Small, G.J. Semiconductors. Miura, N.; Ando, T., as Antireflection Layer. Solar Energy CP43 Core Antenna Complex of eds. Proceedings of the 25th International Materials and Solar Cells. 2000; 64: Photosystem II Possesses Two Conference on the Physics of pp. 347-351. Quasi-Degenerate and Weakly Semiconductors, 17–22 September 2000, Coupled Q -Trap States. Journal of Osaka, Japan. Berlin, Germany: y Springer-Verlag, 2001; Part I: Physical Chemistry B. 16 November 2000; pp. 184-185. 104: pp. 11805-11815.

38 Information Resources Catalog Ahrenkiel, R.K.; Johnston, S.W.; Arya, R.R. Advances in a-Si Ballif, C.; Moutinho, H.R.; Hasoon, F.S.; Gedvilas, L.M.; Webb, J.D.; Development and Manufacturing. Dhere, R.G.; Al-Jassim, M.M. Bisaillon, J.C. Role of Oxygen Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Cross-Sectional Atomic Force Precipitates on the Performance IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Microscopy Imaging of of Crystalline Silicon-Based 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Polycrystalline Thin Films. Photovoltaic Devices. Conference Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Ultramicroscopy. 2000; 85: pp. 61-71. Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Photovoltaic Specialists Conference–2000, Inc., 2000; pp. 19-24. Work performed Ballif, C.; Moutinho, H.R.; 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, by BP Solar, Toano, Virginia. Al-Jassim, M.M. Cross-Sectional Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrostatic Force Microscopy Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Arya, R.R.; Bennett, M.; Lin, G.; of Thin-Film Solar Cells. Journal of Inc., 2000; pp. 252-255. Willing, F.; Newton, J.; Ganguly, G.; Applied Physics. 15 January 2001; 89(2): Liu, S. Amorphous Silicon Based pp. 1418-1424. Ahrenkiel, R.K.; Johnston, S.W.; Tandem Junction Thin-Film Keyes, B.M.; Friedman, D.J. Transport Technology: A Manufacturing Barnett, A.M.; Rand, J.A.; Hall, R.B.;

Properties of GaAs1-xNx Thin Films Perspective. Conference Record of the Bisaillon, J.C.; DelleDonne, E.J.; Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Feyock, B.W.; Ford, D.H.; Ingram, A.E.; Vapor Deposition. Applied Physics Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, Mauk, M.G.; Yaskoff, J.P.; Sims, P.E. Letters. 4 December 2000; 77(23): Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: High Current, Thin Silicon-on- pp. 3794-3796. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Ceramic Solar Cell. Solar Energy Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1433-1436. Materials and Solar Cells. 2001; 66: Akrenkiel, R.K.; Ellingson, R.; Work performed by BP Solar, Toano, pp. 45-50. Work performed by Metzger W.; Lubyshev, D. I.; Liu, W.K. Virginia. AstroPower, Inc., Newark, Delaware. Auger Recombination in Heavily Carbon-Doped GaAs. Applied Physics Asher, S.E.; Hasoon, F.S.; Gessert, T.A.; Bathey, B.R.; Kalejs, J.P.; Letters. 26 March 2001; 78(13): Young, M.R.; Sheldon, P.; Hiltner, J.; Rosenblum, M.D.; Kardauskas, M.J.; pp. 1879-1881. Sites, J. Determination of Cu in Giancola, R.M.; Cao, J. R&D Toward CdTe/CdS Devices Before and After a 15+% Efficiency Solar Cell Al-Jassim, M.M.; Yan, Y.; Accelerated Stress Testing. Manufacturing Line for EFG Moutinho, H.R.; Romero, M.J.; Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Silicon Wafers. Conference Record of Dhere, R.D.; Jones, K.M. TEM, AFM, IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic and Cathodoluminescence 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Specialists Conference—2000, Characterization of CdTe Thin Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Films. Thin Solid Films. Proceedings Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of from Symposium N on Thin Film Inc., 2000; pp. 479-482. Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Materials Inc., 2000; pp. 194-197. Work of the EMRS 2000 Spring Conference, Babcock, J.R.; Wang, A.; Edleman, N.L.; performed by ASE Americas, Inc., 30 May—2 June 2000, Strasbourg, Benson, D.D.; Metz, A.W.; Metz, M.V.; Billerica, Massachusetts. France. 2001; 387(1-2): pp. 246-250. Marks, T.J. Development and Implementation of New Volatile Beck, M.E.; Swartzlander-Guest, A.; Albin, D.; Levi, D.; Asher, S.; Cd and Zn Precursors for the Matson, R.; Keane, J.; Noufi, R. Balcioglu, A.; Dhere, R.; Hiltner, J. Growth of Transparent CuIn(Ga)Se2-Based Devices via a Precontact Surface Chemistry Conducting Oxide Thin Films Novel Absorber Formation Process. Effects on CdS/CdTe Solar Cell via MOCVD. Ginley, D.S., et al., eds. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. Performance and Stability. Materials Science of Novel Oxide-Based 2000; 64(2): pp. 135-165. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Electronics: Proceedings of the Materials IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Research Society Symposium, Bhattacharya, R.N.; Balcioglu, A.; 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, 24–27 April 2000, San Francisco, Ramanathan, K. Deep-Level Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of California. Materials Research Society Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) of

Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Symposium Proceedings Vol. 623. CdS/CuIn1-xGaxSe2-Based Solar Inc., 2000; pp. 583-586. Warrendale, PA: Materials Research Cells Prepared from Electroplated Society, 2000; pp. 317-328. Work and Auto-Plated Precursors, and Aroutiounian, V.; Petrosyan, S.; performed by Northwestern University, by Physical Vapor Deposition. Khachatryan, A.; Touryan, K. Evanston, Illinois. Thin Solid Films. 1 March 2001; 384(1): Quantum Dot Solar Cells. Journal pp. 65-68. of Applied Physics. 15 February 2001; Balcioglu, A.; Ahrenkiel, R.K.; 89(4): pp. 2268-2271. Hasoon, F. Deep-Level Impurities in CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cells. Journal of Applied Physics. 15 December 2000; 88(12): pp. 7175-7178.

Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters 39 Birkmire, R.W. Collins, R.W.; Branz, H.M.; Coutts, T.J.; Young, D.L.; Li, X.; Compound Polycrystalline Solar Stutzmann, M.; Guha, S.; Okamoto, H., Mulligan, W.P.; Wu, X. Search for Cells: Recent Progress and Y2K eds. Amorphous and Heterogeneous Improved Transparent Conducting Perspective. Solar Energy Materials and Silicon Thin Films—2000: Oxides: An Investigation of CdO,

Solar Cells. 2001; 65: pp. 17-28. Work Proceedings of the Materials Cd2SnO4 and Zn2SnO4. Journal of performed by University of Delaware, Research Society Symposium, Vacuum Science and Technology. A, Newark, Delaware. 24–28 April 2000, San Francisco, Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films. California. Materials Research Society November/December 2000; 18(6): Bisaillon, J.C.; Cummings, J.R.; Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 609. pp. 2646-2660. Culik, J.S.; Lesko, J.D.; Sims, P.E.; Warrendale, PA: Materials Research Rand, J.A. Non-Traditional Light Society, 2001. Dalal, V.L.; Erickson, K. Sources for Solar Cell and Module Microcrystalline Si and (Si,Ge) Testing. Conference Record of the Cotal, H.L.; Lillington, D.R.; Ermer, J.H.; Solar Cells on Plastic Substrates. Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists King, R.R.; Karam, N.H.; Kurtz, S.R.; Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, Friedman, D.J.; Olson, J.M.; Ward, J.S.; IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Duda, A.; Emery, K.A.; Moriarty, T. 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Triple-Junction Solar Cell Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1498-1501. Efficiencies Above 32%: The Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Work performed by AstroPower, Inc., Promise and Challenges of Inc., 2000; pp. 792-795. Work Newark, Delaware. Their Application in High- performed by Iowa State University, Concentration-Ratio PV Systems. Ames, Iowa. Bohland, J.R.; Smigielski, K. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth First Solar’s CdTe Module IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Deb, S.K.; Sopori, B. Chapter 11: Manufacturing Experience: 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Recent Advances in Thin Film Environmental, Health, and Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Solar Cells. Francombe, M.H.; Perera, Safety Results. Conference Record of the Electrical and Electronics Engineers, A.G.U.; Liu, H.C., eds. Handbook of Thin Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Inc., 2000; pp. 955-960. Film Devices, Vol. 2: Semiconductor Optical Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, and Electro-Optical Devices. San Diego, Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Coutts, T.J. Chapter 11: CA: Academic Press, 2000; pp. 311-362. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 575-578. Electricity. Archer, M.D.; Hill, R., eds. Deb, S.K. Photovoltaic-Integrated Work performed by First Solar, LLC, Clean Electricity from Photovoltaics. Electrochromic Device for Smart- Perrysburg, Ohio. Series on Photoconversion of Solar Window Applications. Energy, Vol. 1. Singapore: Imperial Sayigh, A.A.M., ed. Renewable Energy— Carlson, C.M.; Parilla, P.A.; Rivkin, T.V.; College Press, 2001; pp. 481-528. Renewables: The Energy for the 21st Perkins, J.D.; Ginley, D.S. Hydrostatic Century. Proceedings of World and Biaxial Strain in BaxSr1-xTiO3 Coutts, T.J.; Young, D.L.; Li, X. Renewable Energy Congress VI Films Grown by Pulsed Lazer Fundamental Advances in (WREC2000), 1–7 July 2000, Brighton, Deposition. Ginley, D.S., et al., eds. Transparent Conducting Oxides. United Kingdom. New York: Pergamon, Materials Science of Novel Oxide-Based Ginley, D.S., et al., eds. Materials Science 2000; pp. 2652-2657. (For preprint Electronics: Proceedings of the Materials of Novel Oxide-Based Electronics: version, including full-text online Research Society Symposium, Proceedings of the Materials Research document, see NREL/CP-590-28116.) 24–27 April 2000, San Francisco, Society Symposium, 24–27 April 2000, California. Materials Research Society San Francisco, California. Materials Deb, S.K.; Sopori, B.L.; Samara, G.L.; Symposium Proceedings Vol. 623. Research Society Symposium Smith, J.J. Progress on DOE/BES- Warrendale, PA: Materials Research Proceedings Vol. 623. Warrendale, PA: Supported Research on Society, 2000; pp. 161-166. Materials Research Society, 2000; Photovoltaics. Conference Record of the pp. 199-209. Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Carlson, D.E.; Lin, G.; Ganguly, G. Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, Temperature Dependence of Coutts, T.J. Overview of Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Institute of Electrical and Electronics PV Parameters. Conference Record Electricity. Solar Energy Materials and Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1752. of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Solar Cells. Proceedings of the 11th Specialists Conference–2000, International Photovoltaic Science del Cueto, J.A. Model for the 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, and Engineering Conference, Thermal Characteristics of Flat- Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of 20–24 September 1999, Royton Sapporo, Plate Photovoltaic Modules Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Japan. 2001; 66(1-4): pp. 443-452. Deployed at Fixed Tilt. Conference Inc., 2000; pp. 707-712. (For preprint version, including Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Work performed by BP Solar, full-text online document, see Photovoltaic Specialists Conference–2000, Toano, Virginia. NREL/CP-520-26904.) 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1441-1445. 40 Information Resources Catalog Delahoy, A.; Bruns, J.; Chen, L.; Ellison, T. Non-Contacting PV Galica, J.P.; Sherman, N. Results to Akhtar, M.; Kiss, Z.; Contreras, M. Capacitive Diagnostic (PVCD) Date: Development of New EVA- Advances in Large Area CIGS System for Real-Time In-Situ Based Encapsulants, Faster-Curing Technology. Conference Record of the Analysis, QA/QC, and and Flame-Retardant Types. Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Optimization. Conference Record of the Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1437-1440. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 732-735. Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 30-35. Work Deng, X.; Povolny, H.; Han, S.; Work performed by Energy Conversion performed by Specialized Technology Agarwal, P. Ultra-Lightweight Devices, Inc., Troy, Michigan. Resources, Inc., Enfield, Connecticut. Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells Deposited on 7.5 µm Thick Emery, K.; Meusel, M.; Beckert, R.; Geisz, J.F.; Friedman, D.J.; Kurtz, S. Stainless Steel Substrates. Dimroth, F.; Bett, A.; Warta, W. BGaInAs Solar Cells Lattice- Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Procedures for Evaluating Matched to GaAs. Conference Record IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Multijunction Concentrators. of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Specialists Conference—2000, 15-22 Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— September 2000, Anchorage, Alaska. Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical Inc., 2000; pp. 1050-1052. Work Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 2000; performed by University of Toledo, Institute of Electrical and Electronics pp. 990-993. Toledo, Ohio. Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1126-1130. Geisz, J.F.; Friedman, D.J.; Kurtz, S.R.; Dhere, N.G.; Kulkarni, S.R.; Ferlauto, A.S.; Rovira, P.I.; Koval, R.J.; Olson, J.M.; Swartzlander, A.B.; Ghongadi, S.R. PV Characterization Wronski, C.R.; Collins, R.W. Reedy, R.C.; Norman, A.G. Epitaxial of CIGS4 Thin Film Solar Cells. Effects of H2-Dilution and Plasma Growth of BGaAs amd BGaInAs Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Power in Amorphous Silicon by MOCVD. Journal of Crystal Growth. IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Deposition: Comparison of May 2001; 225(2-4): pp. 372-376. 2000, 15-22 September 2000, Anchorage, Microstructural Evolution and Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Solar Cell Performance. Conference Gessert, T.A.; Duda, A.; Asher, S.E.; Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Narayanswamy, C.; Rose, D. Inc., 2000; pp. 1046-1049. Work Photovoltaic Specialists Conference–2000, Effects of Cu from ZnTe:Cu performed by Florida Solar Energy 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Contacts in CdS/CdTe Cells. Center, Cocoa, Florida. Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Dullweber, T.; Rau, U.; Contreras, M.A.; Inc., 2000; pp. 713-716. 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Noufi, R.; Schock, H.W. Work performed by Pennsylvania State Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Photogeneration and Carrier University, University Park, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Recombination in Graded Gap Pennsylvania. Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 654-657.

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells. IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. Friedman, D.J.; Olson, J.M. Ginley, D.S.; Perkins, J.D.; Kawazoe, H.; December 2000; 47(12): pp. 2249-2254. Analysis of Ge Junctions for Newns, D.M.; Kozyrev, A.B., eds. GaInP/GaAs/Ge Three-Junction Materials Science of Novel Eisgruber, I.L.; Treece, R.E.; Solar Cells. Progress in Photovoltaics: Oxide-Based Electronics: Hollingsworth, R.E.; Engel, J.R.; Britt, J. Research and Applications. 2001; 9: Proceedings of the Materials In-Situ Measurements of pp. 179-189. Research Society Symposium, 24–27 April 2000, San Francisco, Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Composition by X-Ray Fluorescence. Conference Friedman, D.J.; Olson, J.M.; Ward, S.; California. Materials Research Society Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Moriarty, T.; Emery, K.; Kurtz, S.; Symposium Proceedings Vol. 623. Photovoltaic Specialists Conference—2000, Duda, A.; King, R.R.; Cotal, H.L.; Warrendale, PA: Materials Research 15–22 September 2000, Lillington, D.R.; Ermer, J.H.; Society, 2000; 450 pp. Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Karam, N.H. Ge Concentrator Cells Institute of Electrical and Electronics for III-V Multijunction Devices. Grecu, D.; Jayamaha, U.; Rich, G.; Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 505-508. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Karpov, V.G. Admittance Work performed by ITN Energy Systems, IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Spectroscopy of CdTe-Based Solar Wheat Ridge, Colorado; Materials 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Cells. Conference Record of the Twenty- Research Group, Inc., Wheat Ridge, Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Colorado; and Global Solar Energy, LLC, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, Tucson, Arizona. Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 965-967. Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 680-683.

Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters 41 Green, M.A.; Emery, K.; King, D.L.; Harju, R.; Karpov, V.G.; Grecu, D.; Hegedus, S.S.; Kaplan, R.; Ganguly, G.; Igari, S.; Warta, W. Solar Cell Dorer, G. Electron Beam Induced Wood, G.S. Characterization of the

Efficiency Tables (Version 16). Effects in CdTe Photovoltaics. SnO2/p and ZnO/p Contact Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Resistance and Junction Properties Applications. 2000; 8: pp. 377-383. IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— in a-Si p-i-n Solar Cells and 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Modules. Conference Record of the Green, M.A.; Emery, K.; King, D.L.; Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Igari, S.; Warta, W. Solar Cell Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, Efficiency Tables (Version 17). Inc., 2000; pp. 666-669. Work Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and performed by First Solar, LLC, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Applications. January/February 2001; Perrysburg, Ohio. Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 728-731. Work 9(1): pp. 49-56. performed by University of Delaware, Hasoon, F.S.; Yan, Y.; Althani, H.; Newark, Delaware. Green, M.A.; Emery, K.; King, D.L.; Jones, K.M.; Alleman, J.; Igari, S.; Warta, W. Solar Cell Al-Jassim, M.M.; Noufi, R. Hiltner, J.F.; Sites, J.R. Local Efficiency Tables (Version 18). Microstructural Properties of Photocurrent and Resistivity Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films Used In Measurements with Micron Applications. 2001; 9(4): pp. 287-293. High Efficiency Devices. Thin Solid Resolution. Conference Record of the Films. Proceedings from Symposium N Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Han, D.; Baugh, J.; Yue, G.; Wang, Q. on Thin Film Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, Light-Induced Structural Changes Materials of the EMRS 2000 Spring Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: and Their Correlation to Conference, 30 May–2 June 2000, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Metastable Defect Creation in Strasbourg, France. 2001; 387(1-2): Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 543-546. Work Intrinsic Hydrogenated pp. 1-5. performed by Colorado State University, Amorphous Silicon Films. Fort Collins, Colorado. Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter. Hasoon, F.S.; Yan, Y.; Jones, K.M.; 15 September 2000-I; 62(11): Althani, H.; Alleman, J.; Huang, C.H.; Li, S.S.; Rieth, L.; pp. 7169-7178. Al-Jassim, M.M.; Noufi, R. Halani, A.; Fisher, M.L.; Song, J.; Microstructural Properties of the Anderson, T.J.; Holloway, P.H.

Han, D.; Yue, G.; Jing. L.; Habuchi, H.; Surface of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films. Comparative Study of Iwaniczko, E.; Wang, Q. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Chemical-Bath-Deposited CdS, Photodegradation in a-Si:H IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— (Cd,Zn)S, ZnS, and In(OH)xSy Prepared by Hot-Wire CVD as a 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Buffer Layer for CIS-Based Solar Function of Substrate and Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Cells. Conference Record of the Twenty- Filament Temperatures. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Collins, R.W., et al., eds. Amorphous and Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 513-516. Conference—2000, 15-22 September 2000, Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Films—2000: Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Proceedings of the Materials Research Heck, S.; Branz, H.M. Metastable Institute of Electrical and Electronics Society Symposium, 24–28 April 2000, Defects by Low-Intensity Pulsed Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 696-699. San Francisco, California. Materials Illumination of Hydrogenated Work performed by University of Research Society Symposium Amorphous Silicon. Collins, R.W., Florida, Gainesville, Florida and Proceedings, Vol. 609. Warrendale, PA: et al., eds. Amorphous and Heterogeneous International Solar Electric Technology Materials Research Society, 2001; Silicon Thin Films—2000: Proceedings of (ISET), Inc., Inglewood, California. pp. A22.7.1–A22.7.7. the Materials Research Society Symposium, 24–28 April 2000, San Francisco, Imaizumi, M.; Yamaguchi, K.; Hanket, G.M.; Paulson, P.D.; Singh, U.; California. Materials Research Society Okitsu, K.; Yamaguchi, M.; Hara, T.; Junker, S.T.; Birkmire, R.W.; Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 609. Ito, T.; Konomi, I.; Jones, K.M.; Doyle, F.J. III; Eser, E.; Shafarman, W.N. Warrendale, PA: Materials Research Al-Jassim, M.M. Effects of Hydrogen Fabrication of Graded Cu(InGa)Se2 Society, 2001; pp. A3.2.1–A3.2.6. on the Growth of Nanocrystalline Films by Inline Evaporation. Silicon Films by Electron-Beam Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Hegedus, S.S.; McCandless, B.E.; Excited Plasma Chemical Vapor IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Birkmire, R.W. Analysis of Deposition. Journal of Applied Physics. 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Stress-Induced Degradation in December 2000; 88(11): pp. 6848-6855. Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of CdS/CdTe Solar Cells. Conference Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Jafri, I.; Chandra, M.; Zhang, H.; Inc., 2000; pp. 499-504. Work Photovoltaic Specialists Conference–2000, Prasad, V.; Reddy, C.; Amato-Wierda, C.; performed by University of Delaware, 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Landry, M.; Ciszek, T. Enhanced Bulk Newark, Delaware. Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Polysilicon Production Using Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Silicon Tubes. Journal of Crystal Inc., 2000; pp. 535-538. Work Growth. May 2001; 225(2-4): performed by University of Delaware, pp. 330-334. Newark, Delaware.

42 Information Resources Catalog Janoch, R.E.; Anselmo, A.P.; Johnson, P.; Sites, J.; Ramanathan, K.; Khaselev, O.; Bansal, A.; Turner, J.A. Wallace, R.L.; Martz, J.; Lord, B.E.; Olsen, L.; Tarrant, D. Effects of Buffer High-Efficiency Integrated Hanoka, J.I. PVMaT Funded Layers on SSI CIGSS-Absorber Multijunction Photovoltaic/ Manufacturing Advances in Transient I-V and C-V Behavior. Electrolysis Systems for Hydrogen String Ribbon Technology. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Production. International Journal of Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Hydrogen Energy. 2001; 26: pp. 127-132. IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— 2000, 15–22 September 2000, 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Khattak, C.P.; Joyce, D.B.; Schmid, F. Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Upgrading Metallurgical Grade Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 618-621. (MG) Silicon for Use as Solar Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1403-1406. Grade Feedstock. Work performed by Evergreen Solar, Jones, S.J.; Liu, T.; Deng, X.; Izu, M. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Waltham, Massachusetts. a-Si:H-Based Triple-Junction Cells IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Prepared at i-Layer Deposition 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Jeong, J.W.; Rohatgi, A.; Rates of 10 A/s Using a 70 MHz Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Rosenblum, M.D.; Kalejs, J.P. PECVD Technique. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Lifetime Enhancement in EFG Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 49-52. Work Multicrystalline Silicon. IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— performed by Crystal Systems, Inc., Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Salem, Massachusetts. IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Institute of Electrical and Electronics King, D.L.; Kratochvil, J.A.; Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 845-848. Work Quintana, M.A.; McMahon, T.J. Institute of Electrical and Electronics performed by Energy Conversion Applications for Infrared Imaging Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 83-86. Devices, Inc., Troy, Michigan. Equipment in Photovoltaic Cell, Work performed by Georgia Institute of Module, and System Testing. Technology, Atlanta, Georgia and ASE Karpov, V.G.; Harju, R.; Dorer, G. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Americas, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts. Nonuniform Power Generation in IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Polycrystalline Thin Film 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Jester, T.L. Specific PVMaT R&D Photovoltaic. Conference Record of the Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: on Siemens CZ Silicon Product Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Institute of Electrical and Electronics Manufacturing. Conference Record Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1487-1490. of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Specialists Conference—2000, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Knapp, K.E.; Jester, T.L.; Mihalik, G.B. 15–22 September 2000, Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 547-550. Energy Balances for Photovoltaic Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Work performed by First Solar, LLC, Modules: Status and Prospects. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Perrysburg, Ohio. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1399-1402. IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Work performed by Siemens Solar Kazmerski, L.L. Photovoltaics R&D: 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Industries, Camarillo, California. A Tour Through the 21st Century. Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Sayigh, A.A.M., ed. Renewable Energy— Institute of Electrical and Electronics Jiang, L.; Lyou, J.H.; Rane, S.; Renewables: The Energy for the 21st Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1450-1455. Schiff, E.A.; Wang, Q.; Yuan, Q. Century. Proceedings of World Work performed by Energy and Open-Circuit Voltage Physics in Renewable Energy Congress VI Environmental Economics, Inc., Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells. (WREC2000),1-7 July 2000, Brighton, San Francisco, California; and Siemens Collins, R.W., et al., eds. Amorphous and United Kingdom. New York: Pergamon, Solar Industries, Camarillo, California. Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Films—2000: 2000; pp. 2674-2684. (For preprint Proceedings of the Materials Research version, including full-text online Kroposki, B.; Marion, W.; King, D.L.; Society Symposium, 24-28 April 2000, document, see NREL/CP-520-28407.) Boyson, W.E.; Kratochvil, J.A. San Francisco, California. Materials Comparison of Module Research Society Symposium Kestner, J.M.; Wolden, C.A.; Meyers, P.V.; Performance Characterization Proceedings, Vol. 609. Warrendale, PA: Raja, L.; Kee, R.J. Atmospheric Methods. Conference Record of the Materials Research Society, 2001; Pressure Chemical Vapor Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists pp. A18.3.1–A18-3.11. Work performed Deposition of Cadmium Telluride— Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, by Syracuse University, Syracuse, First PV Devices. Conference Record of Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: New York. the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Institute of Electrical and Electronics Specialists Conference—2000, Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1407-1411. Jiao, L.; Niu, X.; Lu, Z.; Wronski, C.R.; 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Matsuda, A.; Kamei, T.; Ganguly, G. Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of New Perspective on the Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Characterization of Materials for Inc., 2000; pp. 595-598. Work a-Si:H Solar Cells. Solar Energy performed by Colorado School of Mines, Materials and Solar Cells. 2001; 66: Golden, Colorado; and ITN Energy pp. 231-237. Systems, Littleton, Colorado.

Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters 43 Kroposki, B.; DeBlasio, R. Mackintosh, B.H.; Ouellette, M.P.; McCandless, B.E.; Birkmire, R.W. Technologies for the New Rosenblum, M.D.; Kalejs, J.P.; Influence of Window and Millenium: Photovoltaics as a Piwczyk, B.P. 100 Micron Thick Absorber Layer Processing on Distributed Resource. Proceedings Multicrystalline Si Wafers and Device Operation in Superstrate of the 2000 Power Engineering Society Cells from Large Diameter EFG Thin Film CdTe Solar Cells. Summer Meeting, 16–20 July 2000, Cylinders. Conference Record of Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Seattle, Washington. New York, NY: the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Institute of Electrical and Electronics Specialists Conference—2000, 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Engineers, 2000; Vol. 3: pp. 1798-1801. 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Kurtz, S.; Geisz, J.F.; Friedman, D.J.; Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 491-494. Olson, J.M.; Duda, A.; Karam, N.H.; Inc., 2000; pp. 46-48. Work performed Work performed by University of King, R.R.; Ermer, J.H.; Joslin, D.E. by ASE Americas, Inc., Billerica, Delaware, Newark, Delaware. Modeling of Electron Diffusion Massachusetts. Length in GaInAsN Solar Cells. McGraw, J.M.; Perkins, J.D.; Hasoon, F.; Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Mahan, A.H.; Beyer, W.; Parilla, P.A.; Warmsingh, C.; IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Williamson, D.L.; Yang, J.; Guha, S. Mateeva, E.; Readey, D.W. 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Explanation for the Low- Pulsed Laser Deposition of

Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Temperature H Evolution Peak in Oriented V2O5 Thin Films. Journal Institute of Electrical and Electronics Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon of Materials Research. October 2000; Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1210-1213. Films Deposited ‘On the Edge of 15(10): pp. 2249-2265. Crystallinity’. Philosophical Magazine Kurtz, S.; Webb, J.; Gedvilas, L.; Letters. 2000; 80(9): pp. 647-652. McKay, H.A.; Feenstra, R.M.; Friedman, D.; Geisz, J.; Olson, J.; Schmidtling, T.; Pohl, U.W.; Geisz, J.F. King, R.; Joslin, D.; Karam, N. Mahan, A.H.; Mason, A.; Nelson, B.P.; Distribution of Nitrogen Atoms in Structural Changes During Gallagher, A.C. Influence of W Dilute GaAsN and InGaAsN Alloys Annealing of GaInAsN. Filament Alloying on the Studied by Scanning Tunneling Applied Physics Letters. 5 February 2001; Electronic Properties of HWCVD Microscopy. Journal of Vacuum Science 78(6): pp. 748-750. Deposited a-Si:H Films. Collins, R.W.; and Technology B. July/August 2001; et al., eds. Amorphous and Heterogeneous 19(4): pp. 1644-1649. Levi, D.; Wu, X.; Swartzlander-Guest, A.; Silicon Thin Films—2000: Proceedings of Hasoon, F.; Matson, R. the Materials Research Society Symposium, McMahon, T.J.; Fahrenbruch, A.L. Characterization of Layer 24–28 April 2000, San Francisco, Insights into the Nonideal Thickness and Interdiffusion in California. Materials Research Society Behavior of CdS/CdTe Solar Cells. CdTe/CdS/ZTO/CTO Solar Cells. Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 609. Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Warrendale, PA: Materials Research IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Society, 2001; pp. A6.6.1-A6.6.6. 2000, 15–22 September 2000, 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Mahan, A.H.; Xu, Y.; Nelson, B.P.; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Institute of Electrical and Electronics Crandall, R.S.; Cohen, J.D.; Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 539-542. Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 525-528. Palinginis, K.C.; Gallagher, A.C. Saturated Defect Densities of McMahon, W.E.; Olson, J.M. Levi, D.; Albin, D.; King, D. Influence Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Surface Composition on Back- Grown by Hot-Wire Chemical Study of As/Ge(mnn) and Contact Performance in CdTe/CdS Vapor Deposition at Rates up to P/Ge(mnn) Surfaces. Journal of PV Devices. Progress in Photovoltaics: 150 A/s. Applied Physics Letters. Crystal Growth. Papers from the Research and Applications. 2000; 8(6): 11 June 2001; 78(24): pp. 3788-3790. Twelfth American Conference on pp. 591-602. Crystal Growth and Epitaxy, Makhratchev, K.; Price, K.J.; Ma, X.; 13-18 August 2000, Vail, Colorado. Li, X.; Yan, Y.; Mason, A.; Gessert, T.A.; Simmons, D.A.; Drayton, J.; Ludwig, K.; 2001; 225(2-4): pp. 410-414. Coutts, T.J. High Mobility CdO Films Gupta, A.; Bohn, R.G.; Compaan, A.D. and Their Dependence on ZnTe:N Back Contacts to CdS/CdTe McNutt, P.; Kroposki, B.; Hansen, R.; Structure. Electrochemical and Solid- Solar Cells. Conference Record of DeBlasio, R.; Lynn, K.; Wilson, W.; State Letters. 2001; 4(9): pp. C66-C68. the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Rosenthal, A.; Boulanger, P.; Specialists Conference—2000, Malbranche, P. Procedures for Li, X.; Young, D.L.; Moutinho, H.; 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Determining the Performance of Yan, Y.; Narayanswamy, C.; Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems. Gessert, T.A.; Coutts, T.J. Properties of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth CdO Thin Films Produced by Inc., 2000; pp. 475-478. Work IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Chemical Vapor Deposition. performed by University of Toledo, 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters. Toledo, Ohio. Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: 2001; 4(6): pp. C43-C46. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1556-1559.

44 Information Resources Catalog Morrison, S.; Madan, A. Deposition Nowlan, M.J.; Murach, J.M.; Lewis, E.R.; Rand, J.A.; Barnett, A.M.; Hall, R.B. of Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells Sutherland, S.F.; Hogan, S.J. Process Silicon-FilmTM Solar Cells and Via the Pulsed PECVD Technique. Automation for Photovoltaic Modules: 9 MW Pilot Scale Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Module Assembly and Testing. Manufacturing Plant Experiences. IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Sayigh, A.A.M., ed. Renewable Energy— 2000, 15–22 September 2000, IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Renewables: The Energy for the 21st Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Century. Proceedings of World Institute of Electrical and Electronics Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Renewable Energy Congress VI Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 928-931. Institute of Electrical and Electronics (WREC2000), 1–7 July 2000, Brighton, Work performed by MVSystems, Inc., Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1424-1427. United Kingdom. New York: Pergamon, Golden, Colorado. Work performed by Spire Corporation, 2000; pp. 78-84. Work performed by Bedford, Massachusetts. AstroPower, Inc., Newark, Delaware. Morrison, S.; Madan, A. Deposition of Device-Quality Amorphous and Osterwald, C.R.; Emery, K.A. Ressler, S.; Bower, J.; Culik, J.; Microcrystalline Silicon Films with Spectroradiometric Sun Dunne, C.; Rand, J. Large Area a New “Hot Wire” CVD Technique. Photometry. Journal of Atmospheric Roof-Mount Silicon FilmTM Module Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth and Oceanic Technology. September 2000; and Grid-Connected Rooftop IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— 17: pp. 1171-1188. System Design. Conference Record of 2000, 15–22 September 2000, the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Pearce, J.M.; Koval, R.J.; Collins, R.W.; Specialists Conference—2000, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Wronski, C.R. Quantitative 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 837-840. Correlation of High Quality a-Si:H Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Work performed by MVSystems, Inc., p-i-n Solar Cell Characteristics Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Golden, Colorado. with Properties of the Bulk and Inc., 2000; pp, 1412-1415. Work p/i Interface Region. Conference performed by AstroPower, Inc., Moutinho, H.R.; Dhere, R.G.; Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Newark, Delaware. Al-Jassim, M.M.; Ballif, C.; Levi, D.H.; Photovoltaic Specialists Conference—2000, Swartzlander, A.B.; Young, M.R.; 15-22 September 2000, Anchorage, Alaska. Rockett, A.; Britt, J.S.; Gillespie, T.; Kazmerski, L.L. Study of CdTe/CdS Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Electrical Marshall, C.; Al Jassim, M.M.; Solar Cells Using CSS CdTe and Electronics Engineers, Inc., 2000; Hasoon, F.; Matson, R.; Basol, B.

Deposited at Low Temperature. pp. 944-947. Work performed by Na in Selenized Cu(In,Ga)Se2 on Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Pennsylvania State University, Na-Containing and Na-Free IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— University Park, Pennsylvania. Glasses: Distribution, Grain 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Structure, and Device Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Pern, F.J.; Glick, S.H. Photothermal Performance. Thin Solid Films. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Stability of Encapsulated Silicon 22 August 2000; 372pp. 212-217. Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 646-649. Solar Cells and Encapsulation Materials upon Accelerated Rose, D.; Powell, R.; Jayamaha, U.; Myers, D.R.; Kurtz, S.R.; Emery, K.; Exposures–II. Conference Record of the Maltby, M.; Giolando, D.; McMaster, A.; Whitaker, C.; Townsend, T. Outdoor Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Kormanyos, K.; Faykosh, G.; Meteorological Broadband and Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, Klopping, J.; Dorer, G. R&D of CdTe- Spectral Conditions for Evaluating Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Absorber Photovoltaic Cells, Photovoltaic Modules. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Modules, and Manufacturing Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1491-1494. Equipment: Plan and Progress to IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— 100 MW/Yr. Conference Record of the 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Raman, R.; Mantell, S.; Davidson, J.; Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Jorgensen, G. Review of Polymer Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Materials for Solar Water Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1202-1205. Heating Systems. Pacheco, J.E.; Institute of Electrical and Electronics Thornbloom, M.D., eds. Solar Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 428-431. Nelson, B.P.; Xu, Y.; Mahan, A.H.; Engineering 2000: Proceedings of the Work performed by First Solar, LLC, Williamson, D.L.; Crandall, R.S. International Solar Energy Conference, Perrysburg, Ohio. Hydrogenated Amorphous 16–21 June 2000, Madison, Wisconsin. Silicon Grown by Hot-Wire CVD New York: American Society of Rosenblum, M.D.; Brown, R.L.; at Deposition Rates up to 1 µm/ Mechanical Engineers, 2000; pp. 27-37. Gonsiorawski, R.; Kalejs, J.P. Minute. Collins, R.W., et al., eds. ISO 14000 Introduction in the Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Photovoltaic Industry. Conference Thin Films—2000: Proceedings of the Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Materials Research Society Symposium, Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— 24–28 April 2000, San Francisco, 2000, 15–22 September 2000, California. MRS Proceedings, Vol. 609. Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Warrendale, PA: Materials Research Institute of Electrical and Electronics Society, 2001; pp. A22.8.1-A22.8-6. Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1476-1478.

Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters 45 Rovira, P.I.; Ferlauto, A.S.; Koval, R.J.; Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Sopori, B.L.; Gee, J.; Kalejs, J.; Saitoh, T.; Wronski, C.R.; Collins, R.W.; IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Sinton, R.; Stavola, M.; Swanson, D.; Ganguly, G. Real Time Optics 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Tan, T.; Weber, E.; Werner, J. of p-Type Silicon Deposition on Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: 11th Workshop on Crystalline Specular and Textured ZnO Institute of Electrical and Electronics Silicon Solar Cell Materials and Surfaces. Conference Record of the Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 920-923. Work Processes: Extended Abstracts Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists performed by State University of New and Papers, 19–22 August 2001, Conference–2000, 15–22 September 2000, York at Buffalo, Amherst, New York. Estes Park, Colorado. Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: August 2001; 312 pp. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Soo, Y.L.; Huang, S.; Kao, Y.H.; Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 772-775. Deb, S.K.; Ramanathan, K.; Takizawa, T. Spanakis, E.; Stratakis, E.; Tzanetakis, P.; Work performed by Pennsylvania Probing the Interface and Wang, Q. Elastic Properties,

State University, University Park, Microstructures in CdS/CuInSe2 Intrinsic and Photoinduced Stress Pennsylvania; and BP Solarex, and InGaAsN/GaAs in Hydrogenated Amorphous Toano, Virginia. Heterojunctions by Synchrotron Silicon Thin Films with Different Radiation. Hwang, H.L., et al., eds. Hydrogen Content. Journal of Ruhle, J.U.; Wieting, R.D. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Applied Physics. 15 April 2001; 89(8): Characterizing and Controlling Supplement 39-1. ICTMC-12: pp. 4294-4300. Cu/(In+Ga) Ratio During CIS Proceedings of the 12th International Manufacturing. Conference on Ternary and Multinary Stanbery, B.J.; Kincal, S.; Kim, S.; Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Compounds, 13–17 March 2000, Anderson, T.J.; Crisalle, O.D.; IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Hsin-chu, Taiwan, R.O.C. 2000; 39: Ahrenkiel, S.P.; Lippold, G. 2000, 15–22 September 2000, pp. 29-34. Role of Sodium in the Control Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: and Defect Structures in CIS. 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SPIE—The International Materials Research Society, 2000; Society for Optical Engineering, pp. 265-270. Sims, P.E.; Ingram, A.E.; Vol. 3975. Mumbai: Allied Publishers DelleDonne, E.J.; Yaskoff, J.P.; Limited; Bellingham, WA: SPIE, 2000; Stone, J.L.; Ullal, H.S.; Chaurey, A.; Ford, D.H.; Hall, R.B.; Rand, J.A.; pp. 1214-1226. (For preprint version, Bhatia, P. Ramakrishna Mission Barnett, A.M. Progress on Thin including full-text online document, Initiative Impact Study— Silicon-on-Ceramic Solar Cells. see NREL/CP-520-27524.) A Rural Electrification Project Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth in West Bengal, India. Conference IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Sopori, B.; Zhang, Y.; Chen, W.; Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Madjdpour, J. Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Silicon Solar Cell Process 2000, 15–22 September 2000, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Monitoring by PV-Reflectometer. 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Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 932-935. Thin-Film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar eds. Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Cell for Space Applications. Thin Films—2000: Proceedings of the Su, T.; Chen, S.; Taylor, P.C.; Conference Record of the Twenty-Eighth Materials Research Society Symposium, Crandall, R.S.; Mahan, A.H. IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— 24–28 April 2000, San Francisco, Molecular Hydrogen in 2000, 15–22 September 2000, California. Materials Research Society Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon: Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 609. NMR Evidence. Physical Review. B, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Warrendale, PA: Materials Research Condensed Matter. 15 November 2000-I; Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 1042-1045. Society, 2001; pp. A2.4.1-A2.4.6. 62(19): pp. 12,849-12,858. Ullal, H.S.; Zweibel, K.; Walters, R.J.; Summers, G.P.; Symko-Davies, M.; Mitchell, R.L.; von Roedern, B.G. Messenger, S.R.; Romero, M.J.; Witt, C.E.; Thomas, H.P.; King, R.; Polycrystalline Thin-Film Al-Jassim, M.M.; Garcia, R.; Araujo, D.; Ruby, D. Decade of PV Industry Photovoltaic Technologies: Freundlich, A.; Newman, F.; Vilela, M.F. R&D Advances in Silicon Module From the Laboratory to Electron Beam Induced Current Manufacturing. Conference Record Commercialization. Conference and Cathodoluminescence Study of of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Photovoltaic Record of the Twenty-Eighth IEEE Proton Irradiated InAsxp1-x/InP Specialists Conference–2000, Photovoltaic Specialists Conference— Quantum-Well Solar Cells. Journal 15–22 September 2000, Anchorage, 2000, 15–22 September 2000, of Applied Physics. 15 September 2001; Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: Institute of Anchorage, Alaska. Piscataway, NJ: 90(6): pp. 2840-2846. Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Inc., 2000; pp. 1460-1463. (For preprint Engineers, Inc., 2000; pp. 418-423. Wang, Q.; Iwaniczko, E.; Xu, Y.; version, including full-text online Gao, W.; Nelson, B.P.; Mahan, A.H.; document, see NREL/CP-520-28928.) Viswanathan, V.; Tetali, B.; Selvaraj, P.; Crandall, R.S.; Branz, H.M. Efficient Jagannathan, S.; Morel, D.L.; 18 A/s Solar Cells with All Silicon

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Phonons in GaInP2. Mascarenhas, A., Francoeur, S. Single and Double Follstaedt, D.M. X-Ray Analysis of et al., eds. Self-Organized Processes in Variant CuPtβ Ordered GaInAs. Spontaneous Lateral Modulation Semiconductor Alloys: Proceedings of the Mascarenhas, A., et al., eds. in (InAs)n/(AlAs)m Short-Period Materials Research Society Symposium, Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Superlattices. Applied Physics Letters. 29 November–2 December 1999, Boston, Alloys: Proceedings of the Materials 8 January 2001; 78(2): pp. 219-221. Massachusetts. Materials Research Research Society Symposium, Society Symposium Proceedings 29 November–2 December 1999, Boston, Li, J.H.; Kulik, J.; Holy, V.; Zhong, Z.; Vol. 583. Warrendale, PA: Materials Massachusetts. Materials Research Moss, S.C.; Zhang, Y.; Ahrenkiel, S.P.; Research Society, 2000; pp. 223-234. Society Symposium Proceedings Vol 583. Mascarenhas, A.; Bai, J. X-Ray Warrendale, PA: Materials Research Diffraction from CuPt-Ordered Cheong, H.M.; Lee, S.H.; Nelson, B.; Society, 2000; pp. 249-254. III-V Ternary Semiconductor Alloy Mascarenhas, A.; Deb, S.K. Evidence Films. Article No. 155310. Physical for Light-Induced Long-Range Francoeur, S.; Zhang, Y.; Norman, A.G.; Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Hydrogen Motion in a-Si:H Using Alsina, F.; Mascarenhas, A.; Reno, J.L.; Physics. 2001; 63(15): 11 pp. α Raman Scattering of -WO3. Jones, E.D.; Lee, S.R.; Follstaedt, D.M. Electrochimica Acta. 2 April 2001; Optical Properties of Spontaneous Mascarenhas, A.; Zhang, Y.; Verley, J.; 46(13-14): pp. 1963-1966. Lateral Composition Modulation Seong, M.J. Overcoming Limitations in AlAs/InAs Short-Period in Semiconductor Alloy Design. Cheong, H.M.; Lee, S.H.; Nelson, B.P.; Superlattices. Applied Physics Letters. Superlattices and Microstructures. Mascarenhas, A.; Deb, S.K. 18 September 2000; 77(12): June 2001; 29(6): pp. 395-404. Light-Induced Long-Range pp. 1765-1767. Hydrogen Motion in Hydrogenated Mascarenhas, A.; Cheong, H.M.; Amorphous Silicon at Room Hanna, M.C.; Cheong, H.M.; Alsina, F.; Geisz, J.F.; Olson, J.M. Reply Temperature. Applied Physics Letters. Mascarenhas, A. Initial Stages of to “Comment on ‘Phonon Modes 23 October 2000; 77(17): pp. 2686-2688. Growth of Ordered GaInP and in Spontaneously Ordered GaInP2 GaInAs Grown by Metal Organic Studied by Micro-Raman Cheong, H.M.; Zhang, Y.; Vapor Phase Epitaxy. Measurements’”. Article No. 247202. Norman, A.G.; Perkins, J.D.; Mascarenhas, A., et al., eds. Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Mascarenhas, A.; Cheng, K.Y.; Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Materials Physics. 2001; 63(24): 2 pp. Hsieh, K.C. Profiling Composition Alloys: Proceedings of the Materials Variations in Composition- Research Society Symposium, Mascarenhas, A.; Follstaedt, D.; Modulated GaP/InP Short-Period 29 November–2 December 1999, Boston, Suzuki, T.; Joyce, B., eds. Superlattices Using Resonance Massachusetts. Materials Research Self-Organized Processes in Raman Scattering. Mascarenhas, A., Society Symposium Proceedings Semiconductor Alloys: et al., eds. Self-Organized Processes in Vol. 583. Warrendale, PA: Materials Proceedings of the Materials Semiconductor Alloys: Proceedings of the Research Society, 2000; pp. 283-288. Research Society Symposium, Materials Research Society Symposium, 29 November—2 December 1999, 29 November–2 December 1999, Boston, Lee, S.H.; Cheong, H.M.; Tracy, C.E.; Boston, Massachusetts. Materials Massachusetts. Materials Research Mascarenhas, A.; Pitts, R.; Research Society Symposium Society Symposium Proceedings Jorgensen, G.; Deb, S.K. Influence of Proceedings Vol. 583. Warrendale, PA: Vol. 583. Warrendale, PA: Materials Microstructure on the Chemical Materials Research Society, 2000; Research Society, 2000; pp. 361-366. Diffusion of Lithium Ions in 390 pp. Amorphous Lithiated Tungsten Follstaedt, D.M.; Lee, S.R.; Reno, J.L.; Oxide Films. Electrochimica Acta. Norman, A.G.; Ahrenkiel, S.P.; Jones, E.D.; Twesten, R.D.; 1 August 2001; 46(22): pp. 3415-3419. Moutinho, H.R.; Ballif, C.; Norman, A.G.; Ahrenkiel, S.P.; Al-Jassim, M.M.; Mascarenhas, A.; Moutinho, H.R.; Mascarenhas, A.; Lee, S.H.; Cheong, H.M.; Liu, P.; Follstaedt, D.M.; Lee, S.R.; Reno, J.L.; Mirecki-Millunchick, J. Reciprocal- Smith, D.; Tracy, C.E.; Mascarenhas, A.; Jones, E.D.; Mirecki-Millunchick, J.; Space and Real-Space Analyses Pitts, J.R.; Deb, S.K. Raman Twesten, R.D. Nature and Origin of of Compositional Modulation in Spectroscopic Studies of Lateral Composition Modulations α InAs/AlAs Short-Period Gasochromic -WO3 Thin Films. in Short-Period Strained-Layer Superlattices. Mascarenhas, A., et al., Electrochimica Acta. 2 April 2001; Superlattices. Mascarenhas, A., et al., eds. Self-Organized Processes in 46(13-14): pp. 1995-1999. eds. Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Alloys: Proceedings of the Semiconductor Alloys: Proceedings of the Materials Research Society Symposium, Lee, S.H.; Cheong, H.M.; Park, N.G.; Materials Research Society Symposium, 29 November–2 December 1999, Boston, Tracy, C.E.; Mascarenhas, A.; 29 November–2 December 1999, Boston, Massachusetts. Materials Research Benson, D.K.; Deb, S.K. Raman Massachusetts. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings Spectroscopic Studies of Ni-W Society Symposium Proceedings Vol. 583. Warrendale, PA: Materials Oxide Thin Films. Solid State Ionics. Vol. 583. Warrendale, PA: Materials Research Society, 2000; pp. 333-347. 2001; 140: pp. 135-139. Research Society, 2000; pp. 297-313. 50 Information Resources Catalog Pennycook, S.J.; Yan, Y.; Norman, A.; Zhang, Y.; Fluegel, B.; Ahrenkiel, S.P.; Kim, K.; Zunger, A. Spatial Zhang, Y.; Al-Jassim, M.; Friedman, D.J.; Geisz, J.F.; Olson, J.M.; Correlations in GaInAsN Alloys Mascarenhas, A.; Ahrenkiel, S.P.; Mascarenhas, A. Electronic and and Their Effects on Band-Gap Chisholm, M.F.; Duscher, G.; Optical Properties of Orientational Enhancement and Electron Pantelides, S.T. Atomic-Resolution Superlattices in GaInP Alloys. Localization. Physical Review Letters. Z-Contrast Imaging and Its Mascarenhas, A., et al., eds. 19 March 2001; 86(12): pp. 2609-2612. Application to Compositional Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Ordering and Segregation. Alloys: Proceedings of the Materials Magri, R.; Zunger, A. Anticrossing Mascarenhas, A., et al., eds. Self- Research Society Symposium, and Coupling of Light-Hole and Organized Processes in Semiconductor 29 November–2 December 1999, Boston, Heavy-Hole States in (001)

Alloys: Proceedings of the Materials Massachusetts. Materials Research GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs Heterostructures. Research Society Symposium, Society Symposium Proceedings Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter. 29 November–2 December 1999, Boston, Vol. 583. Warrendale, PA: Materials 15 October 2000–I; 62(15): Massachusetts. Materials Research Research Society, 2000; pp. 255-260. pp. 10,364-10,372. Society Symposium Proceedings Vol. 583. Warrendale, PA: Materials Zhang, Y.; Mascarenhas, A.; Xin, H.P.; Magri, R.; Zunger, A. Effects of Research Society, 2000; pp.235-242. Tu, C.W. Scaling of Band-Gap Interfacial Atomic Segregation on Reduction in Heavily Nitrogen Optical Properties of InAs/GaSb Seong, M.J.; Mascarenhas, A.; Doped GaAs. Physical Review. B, Superlattices. Article No. 081305. Olson, J.M.; Cheong, H.M. Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Anisotropy of Phonon Modes in 2001; 63(16): 4 pp. Materials Physics. 15 August 2001–II; Spontaneously Ordered GaInP2. 64(8): 4 pp. Article No. 235205. Physical Review. B, Zhong, Z.; Li, J.H.; Kulik, J.; Chow, P.C.; Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. Norman, A.G.; Mascarenhas, A.; Muller, S.; Wolverton, C.; Wang, L.W.; 2001; 63(23): 5 pp. Bai, J.; Golding, T.D.; Moss, S.C. Zunger, A. Predicting the Size- and Quadruple-Period Ordering Along Temperature-Dependent Shapes of Seong, M.J.; Mascarenhas, A.; Geisz, J.F. [110] in a GaAs0.87Sb0.13 Alloy. Precipitates in Al-Zn Alloys. Γ-L-X Mixed Symmetry of Article No. 033314. Physical Review. B, Acta Materialia. 2000; 48: pp. 4007-4020. Nitrogen-Induced States in Condensed Matter and Materials Physics.

GaAs1-xNx Probed by Resonant 15 January 2001; 63(3): 4 pp. Muller, S.; Wolverton, C.; Wang, L.W.; Raman Scattering. Applied Physics Zunger, A. Prediction of Alloy Letters. 27 August 2001; 79(9): Precipitate Shapes from First pp. 1297-1299. Principles. Europhysics Letters. Solidlid StateState TheoryTheory 1 July 2001; 55(1): pp. 33-39. Smith, S.; Mascarenhas, A.; Olson, J.M.; Kazmerski, L.L. Spatially Resolved Muller, S.; Zunger, A. Structure of Photoluminescence in Ordered and Disordered α-Brass.

Spontaneously-Ordered GaInP2. Franceschetti, A.; Zunger, A. Article No. 094204. Physical Review. B, Mascarenhas, A., et al., eds. Exciton Dissociation and Interdot Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Transport in CdSe Quantum-Dot 2001; 63(9): 12 pp. Alloys: Proceedings of the Materials Molecules. Article No. 153304. Research Society Symposium, Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Ozolins, V.; Zunger, A. Reply to 29 November–2 December 1999, Boston, Materials Physics. 15 April 2001–I; “Comment on ‘First-Principles Massachusetts. Materials Research 63(15): 4 pp. Theory of the Evolution of Society Symposium Proceedings Vibrational Properties with Vol. 583. Warrendale, PA: Materials Franceschetti, A.; Zunger, A. Optical Long-Range Order in GaInP2’”. Research Society, 2000; pp. 211-216. Transitions in Charged CdSe Article No. 087202. Physical Review. B, Quantum Dots. Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. Zhang, Y.; Mascarenhas, A.; Wang, L.W. Condensed Matter. 15 December 2000–II; May 2001; 63:(8): 6 pp. Dependence of the Band Structure 62(24): pp. R16,287-R16,290. on the Order Parameter for Reboredo, F.A.; Zhang, S.B.; Zunger, A. Hart, G.L.W.; Zunger, A. Electronic Partially Ordered GaxIn1-xP Alloys. Hydrogen-Induced Instability on Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Structure of BAs and Boride III-V the Flat Si(001) Surface via Steric Materials Physics. 2001; 63(20): 4 pp. Alloys. Physical Review. B, Condensed Repulsion. Article No. 125316. Physical Matter. 15 November 2000–II; 62(20): Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials Zhang, Y.; Mascarenhas, A.; Geisz, J.F.; pp. 13,522-13,537. Physics. 2001; 63(12): 5 pp. Xin, H.P.; Tu, C.W. Discrete and Continuous Spectrum of Nitrogen- Kent, P.R.C.; Zunger, A. Evolution Reboredo, F.A.; Zunger, A. Induced Bound States in Heavily of III-V Nitride Alloy Electronic Surface-Passivation-Induced Doped GaAs N . Article No. 085205. Structure: The Localized to Optical Changes in Ge Quantum 1-x x Delocalized Transition. Physical Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and Dots. Article No. 235314. Physical Review Letters. 19 March 2001; 86(12): Materials Physics. 2001; 63(8): 8 pp. Review. B, Condensed Matter and Materials pp. 2613-2616. Physics. 2001; 63(23): 7 pp. Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters 51 Shumway, J.; Franceschetti, A.; Curtis, C.J.; Miedaner, A.; Rivkin, T.; Zunger, A. Correlation versus Superconductivity Alleman, J.; Schulz, D.L.; Ginley, D.S. Mean-Field Contributions to Direct Write Metallizations for Excitons, Multiexcitons, and Ag and Al. Chrisey, D.B., et al., eds. Charging Energies in Materials Development for Direct Write Semiconductor Quantum Dots. Bhattacharya, R.N.; Feldmann, M.; Technologies: Proceedings from the Article No. 155316. Physical Review. B, Larbalestier, D.; Blaugher, R.D. Materials Research Society 2000 Spring Condensed Matter. April 2001; 63(15): Electrodeposition Process for the Meeting, 24-28 April 2000, San Francisco, 13 pp. Preparation of Superconducting California. Materials Research Society Thallium Oxide Films. Symposium Proceedings, Vol. 624. Wei, S.H.; Zhang, S.; Zunger, A. IEEE Transactions on Applied Warrendale, PA: Materials Research Band Structure and Stability of Superconductivity. Proceedings of the Society, 2000; pp. 59-64. Ternary Semiconductor Polytypes. 2000 Applied Superconductivity Hwang, H.L., et al., eds. Japanese Journal Conference, 17–22 September 2000, Rivkin, T.V.; Carlson, C.M.; Parilla, P.A.; of Applied Physics Supplement 39-1. Virginia Beach, Virginia. March 2001; Ginley, D.S. Performance of ICTMC-12: Proceedings of the 12th 11(1): Part 3: pp. 3102-3105. Ferroelectric Based Tunable International Conference on Ternary Capacitors as a Function of and Multinary Compounds, Bhattacharya, R.N.; Deb, S.K. Electrode Geometry. Integrated 13–17 March 2000, Hsin-chu, Taiwan, Low-Cost Approach to Fabrication Ferroelectrics. 2000; 29: pp. 215-223. R.O.C. 2000; 39: pp. 237-238. of Multinary Compounds for Energy-Related Applications. Schulz, D.L.; Curtis, C.J.; Ginley, D.S. Williamson, A.J.; Franceschetti, A.; Hwang, H.L., et al., eds. Japanese Journal Surface Chemistry of Copper Zunger, A. Multi-Excitons in of Applied Physics Supplement 39-1. Nanoparticles and Direct Spray th Self-Assembled InAs/GaAs ICTMC-12: Proceedings of the 12 Printing of Hybrid Particle/ Quantum Dots: A Pseudopotential, International Conference on Ternary Metallorganic Inks. Electrochemical Many-Body Approach. and Multinary Compounds, and Solid-State Letters. 2001; 4(8): pp. Europhysics Letters. 1 January 2001; 13–17 March 2000, Hsin-chu, Taiwan, C58-C61. 53(1): pp. 59-65. R.O.C. 2000; 39: pp. 424-425. Tepper, F.; Lerner, M.; Ginley, D. Williamson, A.J.; Wang, L.W.; Bhattacharya, R.N.; Batchelor, W.; Nanosized Alumina Fibers. Zunger, A. Ramanathan, K.; Contreras, M.A.; American Ceramic Society Bulletin. Theoretical Interpretation of the Moriarty, T. Performance of June 2001; 80(6): pp. 57-60. Experimental Electronic Structure CuIn1-xGaxSe2-Based Photovoltaic of Lens-Shaped Self-Assembled Cells Prepared from Low-Cost Van Keuls, F.W.; Chevalier, C.T.; InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots. Precursor Films. Solar Energy Materials Miranda, F.A.; Carlson, C.M.; Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter. and Solar Cells. 2000; 63: pp. 367-374. Rivkin, T.V.; Parilla, P.A.; Perkins, J.D.; 15 November 2000–I; 62(19): Ginley, D.S. Comparison of the pp. 12,963-12,977. Carlson, C.M.; Parilla, P.A.; Rivkin, T.V.; Experimental Performance of Perkins, J.D.; Ginley, D.S. Ferroelectric CPW Circuits with Zhang, S.B.; Wei, S.H.; Zunger, A. Control and Elimination of Biaxial Method-of-Moment Simulations Intrinsic n-Type versus p-Type Strain in Laser-Ablated Epitaxial and Conformal Mapping Analysis. Doping Asymmetry and the Defect BaxSr1-xTiO3 Films. Applied Physics Microwave and Optical Technology Letters. Physics of ZnO. Article No. 075205. Letters. 13 November 2000; 77(20): 5 April 2001; 29(1): pp. 34-37. Physical Review. B, Condensed Matter and pp. 3278-3280. Materials Physics. 2001; 63(7): 7 pp. Chang, C.H.; Wei, S.H.; Johnson, W.; Zunger, A.; Kim, K.; Ozolins, V. Why Bhattacharya, R.; Stanbery, B.; Are the Conventionally-Assumed Anderson, T.; Duran, R. Long and Transportation High-Pressure Crystal Structures Short Range Ordering of CuInSe2. of Ordinary Semiconductors Hwang, H.L., et al., eds. Japanese Journal Unstable? Physica Status Solidi B— of Applied Physics Supplement 39-1. Cadle, S.H.; Gorse, R.A. Jr.; Bailey, B.K.; Basic Research. 2001; 223: pp. 369-378. ICTMC-12: Proceedings of the 12th Lawson, D.R. Real-World Vehicle International Conference on Ternary Emissions: A Summary of the and Multinary Compounds, Tenth Coordinating Research 13–17 March 2000, Hsin-chu, Taiwan, Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions R.O.C. 2000; 39: pp. 411-412. Workshop. Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association. February 2001; 51: pp. 236-249.

52 Information Resources Catalog Hendricks, T.J.; Huang, C. Muljadi, E.; Nix, G.; Bialasiewicz, J.T. High-Performance Radial AMTEC Wind Energy Analysis of the Dynamics of a Cell Design for Ultra-High-Power Wind-Turbine Water-Pumping Solar AMTEC Systems. Journal of System. Proceedings of the 2000 Power Solar Energy Engineering: Transactions Engineering Society Summer Meeting, of the American Society of Mechanical Baring-Gould, E.I.; Flowers, L.; 16–20 July 2000, Seattle, Washington. Engineers (ASME). May 2000; 122: Jimenez, T.; Lilienthal, P.; Lambert, T. New York: Institute of Electrical and pp. 49-55. Opportunities for Regional Rural Electronics Engineers, 2000; Vol. 4: Electrification Using Hybrid Power pp. 2506-2519. st Markel, T.; Wipke, K. Modeling Systems. Wind Power for the 21 Grid-Connected Hybrid Electric Century: The Challenge of High Wind Muljadi, E.; Butterfield, C.P. Vehicles Using ADVISOR. Power Penetration for the New Energy Pitch-Controlled Variable-Speed Das, R.S.L.; Frank, H.A., eds. Markets. Proceedings of the Wind Turbine Generation. Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on International Conference held IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. Applications and Advances: Proceedings 25–27 September 2000, Kassel, January/February 2001; 37(1): of the Conference, 9–12 January 2001, Germany. Germany: WIP—Renewable pp. 240-246. Long Beach, California. Piscataway, NJ: Energies, 2001; 4 pp. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Muljadi, E.; Hess, H.L.; Thomas, K. Engineers (IEEE), 2001; pp. 23-29. Cadogan, J.; Milligan, M.; Wan, Y.; Zero Sequence Method for Energy Kirby, B. Short-Term Output Recovery from a Variable-Speed Norton, P. Chapter 8: Appendices. Variations in Wind Farms— Wind Turbine Generator. Kreider, J.F., ed. Handbook of Heating, Implications for Ancillary IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. Services in the United States. March 2001; 16(1): pp. 99-103. st Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2001; Wind Power for the 21 Century: The pp. 8-1–8-26. Challenge of High Wind Power Penetration Wright, A.; Tangler, J.; Fingersh, L.; for the New Energy Markets. Proceedings Sutherland, H. Chapter 4: Recent Pesaran, A.A.; Keyser, M. of the International Conference held Progress in the Avancement of Thermal Characteristics of 25–27 September 2000, Kassel, Wind Turbine Technology. Selected EV and HEV Batteries. Germany. Germany: WIP—Renewable Goswami, D.Y.; Boer, K.W., eds. Das, R.S.L.; Frank, H.A., eds. Energies, 2001; 4 pp. (For preprint Advances in Solar Energy: An Annual Sixteenth Annual Battery Conference on version, including online full-text Review of Research and Development, Applications and Advances: Proceedings document, see NREL/CP-500-29155.) Vol. 14. Boulder, CO: American Solar of the Conference, 9–12 January 2001, Energy Society (ASES), 2001; Long Beach, California. Piscataway, NJ: Ellis, A.; Estrada, L.; Newcomb, C.; pp. 101-165. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Corbus, D. Costa de Cocos Wind- Engineers (IEEE), 2001; pp. 219-225. Diesel Hybrid Power System. Estrada, C.A., ed. Proceedings of the Turner, L.; Larsen, R.; Duoba, M.; ISES Millennium Solar Forum 2000, McBroom, S.; Nedungadi, A.; Wipke, K. 17–22 September 2000, Mexico City, Modeling Future Automobiles: The Mexico. Mexico: Asociacion Nacional de Role of Industry and Government. Energia Solar (The Mexican Chapter of COMPEL: The International Journal for ISES), 2000; pp. 547-550. Computation and Mathematics in Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Hand, M.M.; Balas, M.J. 2000; 19(4): pp. 1036-1044. Systematic Controller Design Methodology for Variable-Speed Vertin, K.; Chandler, K.; LeTavec, C.; Wind Turbines. Wind Engineering. Goguen, S.; Keski-Hynnila, D.; 2000; 24(3): pp. 169-187. Chatterjee, S.; Smith, G.; Hallstrom, K. Class 8 Trucks Operating on Hand, M.M. Turbines, Wind. Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel with Zumerchik, J., ed. Macmillan Particulate Filter Systems: Encyclopedia of Energy. New York: A Fleet Start-Up Experience. Macmillan Reference USA, 2001; Diesel Aftertreatment: Proceedings of Vol. 3: pp. 1188-1195. the 2000 SAE International Fall Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition, 16–19 October 2000, Baltimore, Maryland. Society of Automotive Engineers SP-1561. Warrendale, PA: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2000; pp. 65-77.

Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters 53 54 Information Resources Catalog The following publications are U.S. patents issued for novel processes and inventions developed by National Renewable Energy Laboratory research staff. They can help inform other technical professionals about new technologies. Copies of these patents are available through your local library. Unless otherwise indicated, the Midwest Research Patents Institute in Kansas City, Missouri, is the assignee for all patents.

Alternative Fuels Materials Science and Solar Energy–Photovoltaics Semiconductors

Agblevor, F.A.; Bessler-Guran, S., Gessert, T.A., Inventor. Inventors. Ahrenkiel, R.K.; Johnston, S.W., Ion-Beam Treatment to Prepare Preparation of Brightness Inventors. Surfaces of p-CdTe Films. Stabilization Agent for Lignin Apparatus and Method for U.S. Patent No. 6,281,035 B1. Containing Pulp from Biomass Measuring Minority Carrier August 28, 2001; 14 pp. Pyrolysis Oils. Lifetimes in Semiconductor U.S. Patent No. 6,193,837 B1. Materials. Iwancizko, E.; Jones, K.M.; February 27, 2001; 8 pp. U.S. Patent No. 6,275,060 B1. Crandall, R.S.; Nelson, B.P.; August 14, 2001; 26 pp. Mahan, A.H., Inventors. Torget, R.W., Inventor. Rapid Low-Temperature Epitaxial Aqueous Fractionation of Biomass Growth Using a Hot-Element Based on Novel Carbohydrate Assisted Chemical Vapor Hydrolysis Kinetics. Deposition Process. U.S. Patent No. 6,228,177 B1. National Renewable U.S. Patent No. 6,251,183 B1. May 8, 2001; 3 pp. Energy Laboratory June 26, 2001; 7 pp.

Molenbroek, E.C.; Mahan, A.H.; Gaul, C.J., Inventor. Gallagher, A.C., Inventors. Basic Sciences Refrigeration System with a Deposition of Device Quality, Low Compressor-Pump Unit and Hydrogen Content, Hydrogenated a Liquid-Injection Amorphous Silicon at High Desuperheating Line. Deposition Rates with Increased Seibert, M.; Benson, D.K.; Flynn, T.M., U.S. Patent No. 6,185,944 B1. Stability Using the Hot Wire Inventors. February 13, 2001; 16 pp. Filament Technique. Method and Apparatus for Rapid U.S. Patent No. 6,124,186. Biohydrogen Phenotypic Screening September 26, 2000; 20 pp. of Microorganisms Using a Chemochromic Sensor. Olson, J.M.; Kurtz, S.R.; Friedman, D.J., U.S. Patent No. 6,277,589 B1. Photoconversion Inventors. August 21, 2001; 8 pp. Multi-Junction, Monolithic Solar Cell Using Low-Band-Gap Zhang, J.G.; Tracy, C.E.; Turner, J.A.; Weaver, P.F., Inventor. Materials Lattice Matched to GaAs Liu, P., Inventors. Photoconversion of Organic or Ge. Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Materials into Single-Cell Protein. U.S. Patent No. 6,281,426 B1. Deposition (PECVD) Method of U.S. Patent No. 6,187,565 B1. August 28, 2001; 14 pp. Forming Vanadium Oxide Films June 13, 2001; 8 pp. and Vanadium Oxide Thin-Films Sopori, B.L., Inventor. Prepared Thereby. High Efficiency Low Cost Thin U.S. Patent No. 6,156,395. Film Silicon Solar Cell Design and December 5, 2000; 14 pp. Method for Making. U.S. Patent No. 6,201,261 B1. March 13, 2001; 17 pp.

Patents 55 Sopori, B.L., Inventor. Lewandowski, A.A.; Yampolskiy, V.; Optical System for Determining Alekseev, V.; Son, V., Inventors. Physical Characteristics of a Multi-Facet Concentrator of Solar Cell. Solar Setup for Irradiating the U.S. Patent No. 6,275,295 B1. Objects Placed in a Target Plane August 14, 2001; 14 pp. with Solar Light. U.S. Patent No. 6,225,551 B1. Wang, T.; Ciszek, T.F., Inventors. May 1, 2001; 9 pp. Process for Polycrystalline Film Silicon Growth. U.S. Patent No. 6,281,098 B1. August 28. 2001; 22 pp. Superconductivity Wanlass, M.W., Inventor. Electrical Isolation of Component Cells in Monolithically Interconnected Modules. Schulz, D.L.; Curtis, C.J.; Ginley, D.S., U.S. Patent No. 6,239,354 B1. Inventors. May 29, 2001; 4 pp. Solution Synthesis of Mixed-Metal Chalcogenide Wu, S.; Coutts, T.J., Inventors. Nanoparticles and Spray Thin Transparent Conducting Deposition of Precursor Films. Films of Cadmium Stannate. U.S. Patent No. 6,126,740. U.S. Patent No. 6,221,495 B1. October 3, 2000; 13 pp. April 24, 2001; 13 pp.

Wu, X.; Sheldon, P.; Coutts, T.J., Inventors. Photovoltaic Devices Comprising Transportation Zinc Stannate Buffer Layer and Method for Making. U.S. Patent No. 6,169,246 B1. January 2, 2001; 13 pp. Benson, D.K., Inventor. Vacuum-Insulated Catalytic Wu, X.; Sheldon, P., Inventors. Converter. Process for Fabricating U.S. Patent No. 6,203,764 B1. Polycrystalline Semiconductor March 20, 2001; 12 pp. Thin-Film Solar Cells, and Cells Produced Thereby. Farrington, R.B.; Anderson, R., U.S. Patent No. 6,137,048. Inventors. October 24, 2000; 14 pp. Vehicle Cabin Cooling System for Capturing and Exhausting Heated Boundary Layer Air from Inner Surfaces of Solar Heated Windows. U.S. Patent No. 6,186,886 B1. Solar Energy–Thermal February 13, 2001; 13 pp.

Bharathan, D.; Parent, Y.; Hassani, A.V., Inventors. Method for Analyzing the Chemical Composition of Liquid Effluent from a Direct Contact Condenser. U.S. Patent No. 6,282,497 B1. August 28, 2001; 50 pp.

Bohn, M.S.; Anselmo, M., Inventors. Uniform-Burning Matrix Burner. U.S. Patent No. 6,183,241 B1. February 6, 2001; 14 pp.

56 Information Resources Catalog This is an alphebetical list by subject of documents produced at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory during fiscal year 2000. It includes “General Interest Publications,” “Technical Reports,” Title Index “Conference Papers, Journal Articles, Book Chapters,”and “Patents.”

ALTERNATIVE FUELS

Aqueous Fractionation of Biomass Based on Novel Carbohydrate Hydrolysis Kinetics ...... 55

Biodiesel—Clean, Green Diesel Fuel: Great Fleet Fuel Gaining Popularity Rapidly ...... 3

Bioethanol—Moving into the Marketplace: Advanced Biotechnology Becoming Reality ...... 3

Biofuels for Your State: Helping the Economy and the Environment ...... 3

Biofuels News—Fall 2000, Vol. 3, No. 2 ...... 3

Biofuels News—Spring/Summer 2001, Vol. 4, No. 2 ...... 3

Biofuels News—Winter 2001, Vol. 4, No. 1 ...... 3

Biofuels Potential in Latin America ...... 32

Biomass Commercialization Prospects in the Next 2–5 Years: BIOMASS COLLOQUIES 2000 ...... 23

Cellulose Hydrolysis Under Extremely Low Sulfuric Acid and High-Temperature Conditions ...... 31

Chapter 1: The Road to Bioethanol: A Strategic Perspective of the U.S. Department of Energy’s National Ethanol Program ...... 32

Chapter 13: Two Novel Alkalotolerant Dextranases from Streptomyces anulatus ...... 31

Chapter 4: Production of Microbial Cellulases in Transgenic Crop Plants ...... 31

Chapter 7: Molecular Mechanics Studies of Cellulases ...... 32

Chapter 9: Assessing the Efficacy of Cellulase Enzyme Preparations under Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Processing Conditions ...... 32

Comparative Ethanol Productivities of Different Zymomonas Recombinants Fermenting Oat Hull Hydrolysate ...... 31

Comparison of Aqueous and Dilute-Acid Single-Temperature Pretreatment of Yellow Poplar Sawdust ...... 31

Continuous Countercurrent Extraction of Hemicellulose from Pretreated Wood Residues ...... 31

Conversion of Barks of Several Tree Species into Bakelite-Like Thermosetting Materials by Their Phenolysis ...... 31

Corn Stover Co-Products: A Commercialization Course ...... 31

Corn Stover for Bioethanol—Your New Cash Crop? ...... 3

Corn Stover to Ethanol: Macroeconomic Impacts Resulting from Industry Establishment ...... 32

Determining the Cost of Producing Ethanol from Corn Starch and Lignocellulosic Feedstocks ...... 23

Environmental Life Cycle Implications of Using Bagasse-Derived Ethanol as a Gasoline Oxygenate in Mumbai (Bombay) ...... 23

Fermentation Performance Assessment of a Genomically Integrated Xylose-Utilizing Recombinant of Zymomonas mobilis 39676 ...... 31

Fingerprinting Trichoderma reesei Hydrolases in a Commercial Cellulase Preparation ...... 32 Title Index 57 Formation of Aromatic Compounds from Gas Phase Pyrolysis of Lignin ...... 32

Fourier Transform Infrared Quantitative Analysis of Sugars and Lignin in Pretreated Softwood Solid Residues ...... 32

Fuel Cell Integration—A Study of the Impacts of Gas Quality and Impurities: Milestone Completion Report ...... 23

Impact of Biodiesel Source Material and Chemical Structure on Emissions of Criteria Pollutants from a Heavy-Duty Engine ...... 32

Influence of Operating Conditions and Vessel Size on Oxygen Transfer During Cellulase Production ...... 32

Interpolated Parameter Functions for Neural Network Models ...... 32

Introduction to the Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals ...... 31

Microalgae Production from Power Plant Flue Gas: Environmental Implications on a Life Cycle Basis ...... 23

Molecular and Kinetic Modeling of Levoglucosan Pyrolysis ...... 32

Preliminary Operating Results from the Battelle/Ferco Gasification Demonstration Plant in Burlington,Vermont, USA ...... 32

Preparation of Brightness Stabilization Agent for Lignin Containing Pulp from Biomass Pyrolysis Oils ...... 55

Process Separates Hemicellulose Sugars from Biomass ...... 32

Production of Oxychemicals from Precipitated Hardwood Lignin ...... 32

Rapid Detection of Zymomonas mobilis Redox Activity Using 5-cyano-2,3-tolyl-tetrazolium Chloride (CTC) ...... 31

Softwood Forest Thinnings as a Biomass Source for Ethanol Production: A Feasibility Study for California ...... 31

Soil Carbon Pools in Short Rotation Willows (Salix dasyclados) Plantation Four Years After Establishment ...... 32

Supercritical CO2 Pretreatment of Lignocellulose Enhances Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis ...... 31

Temperature-Dependent Battery Models for High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries ...... 23

BASIC SCIENCES

Basic Energy Sciences at NREL ...... 3

Catalysis Research of Relevance to Carbon Management: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities ...... 33

II III IV II First-Principles Study of Cation Distribution in Eighteen Closed-Shell A B2 O4 and A B2 O4 Spinel Oxides ...... 33

Formation and Electrochemical Desorption of Stable and Electroactive Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) of Ogliothiophene-Fulleropyrrolidine Dyads ...... 33

Free-Energy Relationships Between the Proton and Hydride Donor Abilities of [HNi(diphosphine)2]+ Complexes and the Half-Wave Potentials of Their Conjugate Bases ...... 33

Hydricity of Transition-Metal Hydrides and its Role in CO2 Reduction ...... 33

Metallorganic Routes to Nanoscale Iron and Titanium Oxide Particles Encapsulated in Mesoporous Alumina: Formation, Physical Properties and Chemical Reactivity ...... 33

Method and Apparatus for Rapid Biohydrogen Phenotypic Screening of Microorganisms Using a Chemochromic Sensor ...... 55

Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) Method of Forming Vanadium Oxide Films and Vanadium Oxide Thin-Films Prepared Thereby ...... 55

58 Information Resources Catalog Quantum Rotation of Hydrogen in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes ...... 33

Recent Developments in High-Efficiency PV Cells ...... 33

Solid-State Optics: A Laser that Turns Down the Heat ...... 33

Strong Intramolecular Electronic Interactions in an Anthraquinone Bridged Bis-Ethenylphthalocyaninatozinc(II) Triad ...... 33

Time-of-Flight Study of Electrical Charge Mobilities in Liquid-Crystalline Zn Octakis (β-octoxyethyl) Porphyrin Films . . . . .33

BIOPOWER

Book Review: Industrial Uses of Biomass Energy—The Example of Brazil ...... 33

Comparison of the Environmental Consequences of Power from Biomass, Coal, and Natural Gas ...... 33

Fostering the Bioeconomic Revolution in Biobased Products and Bioenergy: An Environmental Approach ...... 23

Life Cycle Assessment of Biomass Cofiring in a Coal-Fired Power Plant ...... 33

BUILDINGS

Advanced Wall Framing ...... 7

Air-Source Heat Pumps ...... 4

Analysis of the Thermal Performance of Tierra I—A Low-Energy High-Mass Residence ...... 24

Assessing Climate to Improve Solar Design ...... 4

Better Buildings by Design ...... 34

BigHorn Home Improvement Center: Silverthorne, Colorado ...... 4

Building America Developments, Information Bulletin Number 2 ...... 4

Building America Developments, Information Bulletin Number 3 ...... 4

Buildings for the 21st Century, Fall 2000 ...... 4

Buildings for the 21st Century, Summer 2001 ...... 4

Buildings in a Test Tube: Validation of the Short-Term Energy Monitoring (STEM) Method: Preprint ...... 23

Cambridge Homes Increases Energy Efficiency in a Mix of Housing Types ...... 4

Careers in Renewable Energy ...... 4

Closed-Combustion Gas Furnace in Conditioned, Sealed, Unvented Attic Increases Energy Efficiency and Eliminates Duct Leakage: Pulte Homes—Sun Lakes at Banning, California ...... 4

Combustion Equipment Safety ...... 7

Cooling Your Home with Fans and Ventilation ...... 4

Crawlspace Insulation ...... 7

Desiccant Dehumidification Wheel Test Guide ...... 24

Distributed Energy Resources at Federal Facilities ...... 5

Energy Efficiency Upgrades for Little Rock AFB ...... 5

Title Index 59 Energy Savers Tips on Saving Energy and Money at Home (Fifth Printing) ...... 5

Energy Savers: Cool Summer Tips ...... 5

Energy-10 PV: Photovoltaics, A New Capability (Preprint) ...... 23

Energy-Smart Building Choices: How Parents and Teachers Are Helping to Create Better Environments for Learning ...... 5

Energy-Smart Building Choices: How School Administrators and Board Members Are Improving Learning and Saving Money ...... 5

Energy-Smart Building Choices: How School Facilities Managers and Business Officials Are Reducing Operating Costs and Saving Money ...... 5

Executive Summary: Window Industry Technology Roadmap ...... 5

Federal Energy Efficiency through Utility Partnerships ...... 6

Financing Distributed Generation: Preprint ...... 24

First Regional Super ESPC: Success on Kodiak Island, Alaska ...... 6

Four Federal Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: Powering Our Nation’s Capital with Solar: Preprint ...... 23

Greening Federal Facilities: An Energy, Environmental, and Economic Resource Guide for Federal Facility Managers and Designers; Second Edition ...... 6

Ground-Coupled Heat and Moisture Transfer from Buildings; Part 1: Analysis and Modeling (Preprint) ...... 23

Ground-Coupled Heat and Moisture Transfer from Buildings; Part 2: Application (Preprint) ...... 23

High Performance Commercial Buildings: A Technology Roadmap, Executive Summary ...... 6

Highlighting High Performance: National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Thermal Test Facility, Golden, Colorado ...... 6

Highlighting High Performance: National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s Visitors Center, Golden, Colorado ...... 6

Highlighting High Performance: The Solar Energy Research Facility, Golden, Colorado ...... 6

High-Performance Commercial Buildings: A Technology Roadmap ...... 6

Hourly Simulation of Grid-Connected PV Systems Using Realistic Building Loads: Preprint ...... 23

HVAC BESTEST: A Procedure for Testing the Ability of Whole-Building Energy Simulation Programs to Model Space Conditioning Equipment: Preprint ...... 23

Impacts of Shading and Glazing Combinations on Residential Energy Use in a Hot Dry Climate ...... 34

Insulated Concrete Homes Increase Durability and Energy Efficiency: Mercedes Homes—Melbourne, Florida ...... 7

Joint US-China Demonstration Energy Efficient Office Building ...... 34

Joshua Tree and Mojave Go Solar ...... 7

Low-Energy Building Design Guidelines: Energy-Efficient Design for New Federal Facilities ...... 7

M&V Guidelines: Measurement and Verification for Federal Energy Projects, Version 2.2 ...... 7

Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Process for Buildings ...... 33

New American Home®: Atlanta, Georgia 2000 ...... 7

NREL’s Advanced HVAC Project: Research to Reduce Energy Use and Cost ...... 34

On the Path to Zero Energy Homes ...... 8

Overview of Residential Ventilation Activities in the Building America Program (Phase I) ...... 23

60 Information Resources Catalog Passive Solar Design ...... 7

Passive Solar Design for the Home ...... 8

Passive Solar Design: The Foundation for Low-Energy Federal Buildings ...... 8

Performance Contracting of a Parabolic Trough System at the Federal Correction Institution—Phoenix ...... 34

Performance of a Large Parabolic Trough Solar Water Heating System at Phoenix Federal Correctional Institution ...... 34

Regional Super ESPC Saves Energy and Dollars at NASA Johnson Space Center ...... 8

Side-By-Side Thermal Tests of Modular Offices: A Validation Study of the STEM Method ...... 23

Slab Insulation ...... 7

Solar Electricity for Commercial Applications ...... 8

Solar Heated Pools for Your Commercial Property ...... 8

Solar Heated Pools for Your Home ...... 8

Solar Hot Water for Your Home ...... 8

Solar Independence ...... 8

Solar Water Heaters: The Next Generation ...... 8

Solar Water Heating for Commercial Applications ...... 8

Solar-Based Rural Electrification and Microenterprise Development in Latin America: A Gender Analysis ...... 24

Some Recent Research on the Markets for Residential Renewable Energy ...... 33

Super Energy Savings Performance Contracts (Revision) ...... 8

Systems Engineering Saves Energy in Southwest: Pulte Homes—Tucson, Arizona ...... 8

Technologies for Distributed Energy Resources ...... 9

Technology Cooperation Agreement Pilot Project (TCAPP) ...... 33

Thermal Performance Analysis of a High-Mass Residential Building (Preprint) ...... 24

Transpired Air Collectors: Ventilation Preheating ...... 9

Transpired Solar Walls for Your Commercial Buildings ...... 9

United States GBC 2000 Team: Supporting Green Buildings and Communities for a Healthy and Prosperous Planet ...... 9

Using the Whole-Building Design Approach to Incorporate Daylighting into a Retail Space ...... 34

Utility Energy Services Contracts: Lessons Learned ...... 9

Wall Insulation ...... 7

Water Heating ...... 7

Weatherize Your Home—Caulk and Weather Strip ...... 9

Weather-Resistive Barriers ...... 7

Whole-Building Design Increases Energy Efficiency in a Mixed-Humid Climate: Ideal Homes—Norman, Oklahoma ...... 9

Whole-House Approach Benefits Builders, Buyers, and the Environment ...... 9

Title Index 61 CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES

Bamboo: An Overlooked Biomass Resource? ...... 35

Biomass and Renewable Fuels ...... 34

Biomass Energy Production in California: The Case for a Biomass Policy Initiative ...... 24

Chapter 1: Chemicals and Materials from Renewable Resources ...... 34

Chapter 14: Use of Model Compounds to Study the Reactivity and Cross-Linking of Natural Phenolics ...... 34

Chapter 4: Synthesis of δ-Aminolevulinic Acid ...... 35

Characterization of Biomass Pyrolysis Vapors with Molecular Beam, Single Photon Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry ...... 34

Desorption Kinetic Model for Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Spearmint Leaf Oil ...... 35

Equilibrium Chemistry of Biomass Combustion: A Round-Robin Set of Calculations Using Available Computer Programs and Databases ...... 34

Estimating Solar Resources in Mexico Using Cloud Cover Data ...... 35

Extraction of Butanol from Aqueous Solutions by Pervaporation Through Poly[1-trimethylsilyl-1-Propyne] ...... 34

Hydrothermal Degradation Study of Phenolic Polymer Coatings by Advanced Analytical Methods ...... 35

Incorporating CO2 Sequestration and Coalbed Methane Recovery into Hydrogen Production from Coal— Economics and Environmental Aspects ...... 35

Infrared Spectrum of the Matrix-Isolated Phenyl Radical ...... 34

Overview of Policies and Strategies for Biomass and Bioenergy in the United States ...... 34

Polarized Infrared Absorption Spectra of Matrix-Isolated Allyl Radicals ...... 35

3 Quantum Chemical and RRKM Investigation of the Elementary Channels of the Reaction C6H6 + O ( P) ...... 34

Status of the U.S. Department of Energy Small Modular Biopower Initiative ...... 34

Stereoselective and Regioselective Reaction of Cyclic Ortho Esters with Phenols ...... 34

Tensile Properties of Molding Products Obtained by the Condensation of Various Tree Barks and Phenol by Using Sulfuric Acid as a Catalyst ...... 34

Tetrazete (N4): Can It Be Prepared and Observed? ...... 35

Vibrations of Nitrous Oxide: Matrix Isolation Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Twelve N2O Isotopomers ...... 35

ELECTROCHROMIC WINDOWS

Cyclic Environmental Testing of Electrochromic Window Devices ...... 35

Stand-Alone Photovoltaic-Powered Electrochromic Smart Window ...... 35

ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY

Advanced Technology and Alternative Fuel Vehicles ...... 9

Clean Energy Century: The Path Forward for Renewable Energy in the New Millennium ...... 35

Concentrating Solar Power: Energy from Mirrors ...... 9

62 Information Resources Catalog Green Power for the Red, White and Blue ...... 35

Making Your Home Energy Smart: Web Resources ...... 9

Progress on Linking Gender and Sustainable Energy ...... 35

Renewable Energy Today and Tomorrow ...... 35

Renewable Energy: An Overview ...... 10

Role of Science and Technology in the Advancement of Women Worldwide ...... 24

Small Hydropower Systems ...... 10

ENERGY POLICY AND ANALYSIS

Biomass Power and State Renewable Energy Policies Under Electric Industry Restructuring: Preprint ...... 24

Biomass Power and State Renewable Energy Policies Under Electric Industry Restructuring ...... 36

Chapter 9: The Regulatory Environment ...... 36

Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Opportunities for Promoting Renewable Energy: Final Report, 11 December 2000 ...... 24

Clear Air Act and Renewable Energy: Opportunities, Barriers, and Options ...... 24

Customer Aggregation: An Opportunity for Green Power? ...... 24

Factors Associated with Photovoltaic System Costs (Topical Issues Brief) ...... 24

Future World Oil Prices and the Potential for New Transportation Fuels ...... 35

Global Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Policy Options and Initiatives ...... 35

Integrated Analysis for Acid Rain in Asia: Policy Implications and Results of RAINS-ASIA Model ...... 36

International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy and Water Savings, Volume I ...... 10

International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol: Concepts and Practices for Improved Indoor Environmental Quality, Volume II ...... 10

Lessons Learned: Five Years of Home Energy Rating Systems (HERS) and Energy-Efficient Mortgages (EEMs) in the Pilot States ...... 35

Pay Now, Save Later: Using Conjoint Analysis to Estimate Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Energy Efficiency ...... 35

Positive Feedback, Lock-in, and Environmental Policy ...... 35

Potential of Renewables to Mitigate Global Climate Change ...... 36

GEOTHERMAL ENERGY

Ammonia/Water Condensation Tests: Vertical Tube Results ...... 36

Development and Field Testing of Polymer Heat Exchanger Tube Coatings ...... 36

Development of a Porous Fin Air-Cooled Condenser ...... 36

Geothermal Energy—Heat from the Earth: Idaho. GeoPowering the West Series ...... 10

Geothermal Energy—Heat from the Earth: Nevada. GeoPowering the West Series ...... 10

Geothermal Today: 2000 Geothermal Energy Program Highlights ...... 10

Title Index 63 Investigation of the Opportunity for Small-Scale Geothermal Power Plants in the Western United States ...... 36

Small-Scale Geothermal Power Plant Field Verification Projects: Preprint ...... 24

HYDROGEN

Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming of Bio-Oils Using Commercial and Laboratory Catalysts ...... 36

Hydrogen Storage Using Carbon Adsorbents: Past, Present and Future ...... 36

Microalgae: A Green Source of Renewable H2 ...... 36

Proceedings of the 2000 U.S. DOE Hydrogen Program Review, 9–11 May 2000, San Ramon, California (CD-ROM) ...... 24

Production of Hydrogen from Biomass-Derived Liquids ...... 36

INDUSTRY

1,3-Propanediol Made From Fermentation-Derived Malonic Acid ...... 10

Advanced Method of Inspecting Tubular Goods and Refinery Process Piping ...... 11

Agriculture—Industry of the Future ...... 15

Alcoa North American Extrusions Implements Energy Use Assessments at Multiple Facilities ...... 13

Allied Partners: Your Connection to Efficiency, Productivity, and Profits ...... 10

Aluminum—Industry of the Future ...... 15

Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation ...... 14

BestPractices—Industries of the Future ...... 15

Chemicals—Industry of the Future ...... 15

Clean Fractionation for the Production of Cellulose Plastics ...... 10

Closed-Cycle Bleach Kraft Pulp Production ...... 13

Combustion—Research and Development ...... 11

Compressed Air System Enhancement Increases Efficiency and Provides Energy Savings at a Circuit Board Manufacturer (Sanmina Plant, Oswego, New York) ...... 13

Compressed Air System Modifications Improve Efficiency at a Plastics Blow Molding Plant (Southeastern Container Plant) ...... 13

Compressed Air System Optimization Saves Energy and Improves Production at a Synthetic Textile Plant ...... 13

Compressed Air System Optimization Saves Energy and Improves Production at a Textile Manufacturing Mill (Peerless Division, Thomaston Mills, Inc.) ...... 14

Compressed Air System Redesign Results in Savings and Increased Production at a Fuel System Plant (Caterpillar’s Pontiac Plant) ...... 14

Compressed Air System Renovation Project Improves Production at a Food Processing Facility ...... 14

Compressed Air System Upgrade Improves Production at a Steel Mill (The U.S. Steel Mon Valley Works) ...... 14

Corporate Energy Conservation Program for Alcoa North American Extrusions ...... 14

Deaerators in Industrial Steam Systems ...... 14

64 Information Resources Catalog Deep-Discharge Zinc-Bromine Battery Module Offers Megawatts Capacity ...... 11

Demonstration of a High-Temperature, Corrosion-Resistant Coating for Recuperators ...... 13

Determine the Cost of Compressed Air for Your Plant ...... 14

Distillation Column Flooding Predictor ...... 11

Dual Fuel Conversion System for Diesel Engines ...... 11

Early-Warning Device for Prevention of Destructive Arc Faults ...... 11

Education Initiative ...... 11

Eliminate Inappropriate Uses of Compressed Air ...... 14

Energy Matters—January/February 2001 ...... 11

Energy Matters—March/April 2001 ...... 11

Energy Matters—May/June 2001 ...... 11

Energy Matters—November/December 2000 ...... 11

Energy Saving Method of Manufacturing Ceramic Products from Waste Glass ...... 11

Fabrication and Testing of a Prototype Ceramic Furnace Coil for Chemical and Petrochemical Processing ...... 11

Financial Assistance—Industries of the Future ...... 15

Flash High-Pressure Condensate to Regenerate Low-Pressure Steam ...... 15

Forest Products—Industry of the Future ...... 15

Fresh Way to Cut Combustion, Crop and Air Heating Costs Avoids Million BTU Purchases ...... 12

Functionalized Vegetable Oils for Utilization as Polymer Building Blocks ...... 11

Glass—Industry of the Future ...... 15

Highly Efficient Rapid Tooling Using Optimized Cooling Passages ...... 12

High-Speed Permanent Magnet Motor Development for Advanced Cooling Technology ...... 12

Hosting a Showcase Demonstration Event ...... 11

Hot Strip Mill Transfer Bar Rapidfire™ Edge Heat Project ...... 13

IAC Energy Assessment of Spanish Fork Plant ...... 14

Increasing Productivity and Reducing Emissions through Enhanced Control of Die Casting Lubricants ...... 13

Industrial Assessment Centers ...... 11

Industrial Membrane Filtration and Fractal Separation Systems ...... 11

Industrial Vacuum Bagging Apparatus for Composite Lamina Manufacturers Reduces Energy Use and Waste ...... 12

Install Removable Insulation on Uninsulated Valves and Fittings ...... 15

Installation of Reverse Osmosis Unit Reduces Refinery Energy Consumption ...... 14

Kennecott Utah Copper Retrofits Smelting Applications from Air-Fuel to Oxy-Fuel Burners ...... 14

Laboratory Coordinating Council: Partnerships with Industry ...... 12

Low-Cost Synthesis and Consolidation of Titanium Carbide ...... 12

Title Index 65 Low-Energy Alternative to Commercial Silica-Based Glass Fibers ...... 12

Low-Frequency Sonic Mixing Technology ...... 12

Magnetic Elutriation Technology for Clean and Efficient Processing of Iron Ore ...... 13

Metal Casting—Industry of the Future ...... 15

Miniature, Inexpensive, Amperometric Oxygen Sensor ...... 12

Minimize Boiler Short Cycling Losses ...... 15

Minimize Compressed Air Leaks ...... 15

Mining—Industry of the Future ...... 15

Modernization of Electrolysis System at MagCorp Reduces Costs and Waste ...... 14

Motor Assembly Plant Saves $85,000 with Compressed Air System Improvements (Bodine Electric's Chicago Facility) . . . . .14

New Continuous Isosorbide Production from Sorbitol ...... 13

OIT Times—Fall 2001, Vol. 4, No. 4 ...... 16

OIT Times—Spring 2001, Vol. 4, No. 2 ...... 16

OIT Times—Summer 2001, Vol. 4, No. 3 ...... 16

OIT Times—Winter 2001, Vol. 4, No. 1 ...... 16

OIT Tools Can Help You Improve Productivity ...... 16

Petroleum—Industry of the Future ...... 16

Plant Profiles: Industrial Energy Management in Action ...... 16

Plant-Wide Assessments Help Industry Identify Energy and Cost Savings Opportunities ...... 16

Power Factor Study Reduces Energy Costs at Aluminum Extrusion Plant ...... 14

PowerGuard®: Inventions and Innovation Success Story ...... 12

Profiles and Partnerships ...... 16

Pulsed Laser Imager for Detecting Emissions of Hydrocarbons and Volatile Organic Compounds ...... 12

Pump Life Cycle Costs: A Guide to LCC Analysis for Pumping Systems—Executive Summary ...... 16

Reduce Your Industrial Natural Gas Bill: Ten Timely Tips ...... 16

Replacement of Thermally Produced Calcined Clay ...... 12

Self-Agitating Soap Stick ...... 12

Simple Design and Manufacturing Process for High-Intensity Silicon Vertical Multi-Junction Solar Cells ...... 12

Steel—Industry of the Future ...... 16

Supercritical Purification of Compounds Used for Combinatorial Chemical Analyses ...... 13

Three-Phase Rotary Separator Turbine ...... 13

Titanium Matrix Composite Tooling Material for Enhanced Manufacture of Aluminum Die Castings ...... 12

Training Sessions Provide Ways to Improve Industrial System Efficiency ...... 16

Use a Vent Condenser to Recover Flash Steam Energy ...... 15

66 Information Resources Catalog Use Low-Grade Waste Steam to Power Absorption Chillers ...... 15

Use Vapor Recompression to Recover Low-Pressure Waste Steam ...... 15

Vision: Results for Today. Leadership for Tomorrow ...... 16

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND SEMICONDUCTORS

Apparatus and Method for Measuring Minority Carrier Lifetimes in Semiconductor Materials ...... 55

Band Anticrossing in III-N-V Alloys ...... 37

Bilayer Nanoporous Electrodes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ...... 38

β-SiC Production by Reacting Silica Gel with Hydrocarbon Gas ...... 37

Chemical Ordering in Al72Ni20Co8 Decagonal Quasicrystals ...... 38

Core-Shell Quantum Dots of Lattice-Matched ZnCdSe2 Shells on InP Cores: Experiment and Theory ...... 37

Domain Wall Modeling of BCC to HCP Reconstructive Phase Transformation in Early Transition Metals ...... 37

Doping Molecular Semiconductors: n-Type Doping of a Liquid Crystal Perylene Diimide ...... 37

Effect of Cations on the Open-Circuit Photovoltage and the Charge-Injection Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized

Nanocrystalline Rutile TiO2 Films ...... 37

Effect of Nitrogen on the Electrical Band Structure of Group III-N-V Alloys ...... 37

Electronic Structure and Stability of Spinel Oxides ...... 37

Epitaxial Growth of CuAu-Ordered CuInSe2 Structural Polytypes by Migration Enhanced Epitaxy ...... 37

Fast Processes at Semiconductor–Liquid Interfaces: Reactions at GaAs Electrodes ...... 37 α First-Principles Elastic Constants and Electronic Structure of -Pt2Si and PtSi ...... 36

Formation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Superbundles ...... 37

Heavily Nitrogen-Doped III-V Semiconductors for High-Efficiency Solar Cells ...... 38

Improving Properties of GaInNAs with a Short-Period GaInAs/GaNAs Superlattice ...... 37

Interfacial Recombination Processes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Methods to Passivate the Interfaces ...... 37

Ion Scattering and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Copper Overlayers Vacuum Deposited onto Mercaptohexadecanoic Acid Self-Assembled Monolayers ...... 36

Landau Free Energy for a BCC–HCP Reconstructive Phase Transformation ...... 37

Nitrogen Solubility and Induced Defect Complexes in Epitaxial GaAs:N ...... 38

Nitrogen Solubility and Nitrogen Induced Defect Complexes in Epitaxially Grown GaAsN ...... 38

Nitrogen-Induced Enhancement of the Free Electron Concentration in Sulfur Implanted GaNxAs1-x ...... 38

Novel Biexcitonic, Non-Radiative Electron-Hole Recombination Mechanism and Its Application in Hydrogenated Silicon Semiconductors ...... 38

Potassium Manganese-Vanadium Oxide Cathodes Prepared by Hydrothermal Synthesis ...... 37

Recombination Lifetimes in Undoped, Low-Band Gap InAsyP1-y/InxGa1-xAs Double Heterostructures Grown on InP Substrates ...... 36

Title Index 67 Relationship Between the Lateral Length and Thickness of the Platelets in Naturally Occurring Strained Layer Superlattice Structures ...... 36

Silicon Ingot Lifetime Tester for Large Crystals ...... 36

Spectroscopy and Hot Electron Relaxation Dyanmics in Semiconductor Quantum Wells and Quantum Dots ...... 37

Structural and Electronic Properties of ZnGeAs2 ...... 37

Structure Stability and Carrier Localization in CdX (X=S,Se,Te) Semiconductors ...... 37

Synthesis of Extremely Small InP Quantum Dots and Electronic Coupling in Their Disordered Solid Films ...... 37

Theoretical Studies of Electronic State Localization and Wormholes in Silicon Quantum Dot Arrays ...... 37

Thermodynamics of Codoping: How Does it Work? ...... 38

Universal Distribution of Optically Excited Carriers in Tetrahedral Amorphous Semiconductors ...... 37 ω -Phase Formation in NiAl and Ni2Al Alloys ...... 37

Ζ-Contrast Imaging of Decagonal Quasicrystals: An Atomistic Model of Growth ...... 38

NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY

Clean Energy Business Incubators ...... 38

Developing Country Case-Studies: Integrated Strategies for Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Mitigation. Progress Report for the International Co-Control Benefits Analysis Program ...... 24

National Renewable Energy Laboratory 2000 Information Resources Catalog ...... 17

National Renewable Energy Laboratory Institutional Plan 2001-2005 ...... 17

NREL Research Participant Program ...... 17

Refrigeration System with a Compressor-Pump Unit and a Liquid-Injection Desuperheating Line ...... 55

State and Local Initiatives: Your Bridge to Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Resources ...... 17

Summary of TCAPP COP-6 Side Event ...... 24

Update of Country Activities and Progress Technology Cooperation Agreement Pilot Project (TCAPP) and the Southern African Project Supported by the Climate Technology Initiative (CTI) ...... 24

PHOTOCONVERSION

Characterization of SiC Based Photoelectrochemical System for Hydrogen Production ...... 38

Comment on “Electron Source in Photoinduced Hydrogen Production on Pt-Supported TiO2 Particles” ...... 38

Comparison of Dye-Sensitized Rutile- and Anatase-Based TiO2 Solar Cells ...... 38

CP43 Core Antenna Complex of Photosystem II Possesses Two Quasi-Degenerate and Weakly Coupled Qy-Trap States . . . .38

Energetics of the 2+2 Cyclization of Limonene ...... 38

Large Increases in Photocurrents and Solar Conversion Efficiencies by UV Illumination of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells . . . . .38

Photoconversion of Organic Materials into Single-Cell Protein ...... 55

Photodesorption and Trapping of Molecular Oxygen at the TiO2(110)-Water Ice Interface ...... 38

Photoelectrochemical Characterization of SiC ...... 38 68 Information Resources Catalog SOLAR ENERGY—PHOTOVOLTAICS

100 Micron Thick Multicrystalline Si Wafers and Cells from Large Diameter EFG Cylinders ...... 44

11th Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Materials and Processes: Extended Abstracts and Papers, 19–22 August 2001, Estes Park, Colorado ...... 46

15.2% AMO/1433 W/Kg Thin-Film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cell for Space Applications ...... 47

Admittance Spectroscopy of CdTe-Based Solar Cells ...... 41

Advances in a-Si Development and Manufacturing ...... 39

Advances in Large Area CIGS Technology ...... 41

Amorphous and Heterogeneous Silicon Thin Films—2000: Proceedings of the Materials Research Society Symposium, 24–28 April 2000, San Francisco, California ...... 40

Amorphous Silicon Based Tandem Junction Thin-Film Technology: A Manufacturing Perspective ...... 39

Analysis of Ge Junctions for GaInP/GaAs/Ge Three-Junction Solar Cells ...... 41

Analysis of Stress-Induced Degradation in CdS/CdTe Solar Cells ...... 42

Anisotropy in Hydrogenated Silicon Thin Films ...... 48

Application of Tin-Doped Cadmium Oxide Films in CdTe/CdS Solar Cells ...... 49

Applications for Infrared Imaging Equipment in Photovoltaic Cell, Module, and System Testing ...... 43 a-Si:H-Based Triple-Junction Cells Prepared at i-Layer Deposition Rates of 10 A/s Using a 70 MHz PECVD Technique . . . . .43

Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Cadmium Telluride—First PV Devices ...... 43

Auger Recombination in Heavily Carbon-Doped GaAs ...... 39

BGaInAs Solar Cells Lattice-Matched to GaAs ...... 41

Calibration Factors for Lifetime Measurements on Si Ingots with a Localized PCD Method ...... 48

Chapter 11: Recent Advances in Thin Film Solar Cells ...... 40

Chapter 11: Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity ...... 40

Characteristics of the Low Energy Photoluminescence in µc-Si Films ...... 49

Characterization of Extended Defects in Polycrystalline CdTe Thin Films Grown by Close-Spaced Sublimation ...... 48

Characterization of Layer Thickness and Interdiffusion in CdTe/CdS/ZTO/CTO Solar Cells ...... 44

Characterization of the SnO2/p and ZnO/p Contact Resistance and Junction Properties in a-Si p-i-n Solar Cells and Modules ...... 42

Characterizing and Controlling Cu/(In+Ga) Ratio During CIS Manufacturing ...... 46

CIS-Type PV Device Fabrication by Novel Techniques: Phase II Annual Technical Report, 1 July 1999—30 June 2000 . . . . .25

Commercialization of CIS-Based Thin-Film PV: Annual Technical Report—Phase II, September 1999—August 2000 ...... 26

Comparative Fluctuation Microscopy Study of Medium-Range Order in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Deposited by Various Methods ...... 47

Comparative Study of Chemical-Bath-Deposited CdS, (Cd,Zn)S, ZnS, and In(OH)xSy Buffer Layer for CIS-Based Solar Cells ...... 42

Comparison of Module Performance Characterization Methods for Energy Production ...... 26

Comparison of Module Performance Characterization Methods ...... 43 Title Index 69 Compound Polycrystalline Solar Cells: Recent Progress and Y2K Perspective ...... 40

Continuous, Automated Manufacturing of String Ribbon Si PV Modules: Final Report, 21 May 1998—20 May 2001 . . . . .25

Control of Doping by Impurity Chemical Potentials: Predictions for p-Type ZnO ...... 48

Cost Reduction and Manufacture of the SunSine® ac Module: Final Subcontract Report, 11 June 2001 ...... 25

Cross-Sectional Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging of Polycrystalline Thin Films ...... 39

Cross-Sectional Electrostatic Force Microscopy of Thin-Film Solar Cells ...... 39

CuIn(Ga)Se2-Based Devices via a Novel Absorber Formation Process ...... 39

Current Status and Future Prospects for the PVMaT Project ...... 48

Decade of PV Industry R&D Advances in Silicon Module Manufacturing ...... 26

Decade of PV Industry R&D Advances in Silicon Module Manufacturing ...... 47

Deep-Level Impurities in CdTe/CdS Thin Film Solar Cells ...... 39

Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) of CdS/CuIn1-xGaxSe2-Based Solar Cells Prepared from Electroplated and Auto-Plated Precursors, and by Physical Vapor Deposition ...... 39

Defect Monitoring Using Scanning Photoluminescence Spectroscopy in Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cell ...... 47

Density-of-States Effective Mass and Scattering Parameter Measurements on Transparent Conducting Oxides Using Second-Order Transport Phenomena ...... 49

Deposition and Characterization of Mo/CuInGaSe2/CdS/ZnO Solar Cells (Preprint) ...... 25

Deposition of Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells Via the Pulsed PECVD Technique ...... 45

Deposition of Device Quality, Low Hydrogen Content, Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon at High Deposition Rates with Increased Stability Using the Hot Wire Filament Technique ...... 55

Deposition of Device-Quality Amorphous and Microcrystalline Silicon Films with a New “Hot Wire” CVD Technique . . . . .45

Determination of Cu in CdTe/CdS Devices Before and After Accelerated Stress Testing ...... 39

Development and Implementation of New Volatile Cd and Zn Precursors for the Growth of Transparent Conducting Oxide Thin Films via MOCVD ...... 39

Direct Measurement of Density-of-States Effective Mass and Scattering Parameter in Transparent Conducting Oxides Using Second-Order Transport Phenomena ...... 49

Distribution of Nitrogen Atoms in Dilute GaAsN and InGaAsN Alloys Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy ...... 44

Do Grain Boundaries Assist S Diffusion in Polycrystalline CdS/CdTe Heterojunctions? ...... 48

Effects of Buffer Layers on SSI CIGSS-Absorber Transient I-V and C-V Behavior ...... 43

Effects of CdCl2 on CdTe Electrical Properties Using a New Theory for Grain-Boundary Conduction ...... 48

Effects of Cu from ZnTe:Cu Contacts in CdS/CdTe Cells ...... 41

Effects of H2-Dilution and Plasma Power in Amorphous Silicon Deposition: Comparison of Microstructural Evolution and Solar Cell Performance ...... 41

Effects of Hydrogen on the Growth of Nanocrystalline Silicon Films by Electron-Beam Excited Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition ...... 42

Efficiency and Throughput Advances in Continuous Roll-to-Roll a-Si Alloy PV Manufacturing Technology: Phase II Annual Subcontract Technical Report, June 1999—August 2000 ...... 25

Efficient 18 A/s Solar Cells with All Silicon Layers Deposited by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition ...... 47 70 Information Resources Catalog Efficient High-Deposition-Rate All-Hot-Wire Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon N-I-P Solar Cells ...... 47

Elastic Properties, Intrinsic and Photoinduced Stress in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Thin Films with Different Hydrogen Content ...... 46

Electrical Isolation of Component Cells in Monolithically Interconnected Modules ...... 56

Electroabsorption and Transport Measurements and Modeling Research in Amorphous Silicon Based Solar Cells: Annual Report, 24 March 1999—23 March 2000 ...... 26

Electron Beam Induced Current and Cathodoluminescence Study of Proton Irradiated InAsxp1-x/InP Quantum-Well Solar Cells ...... 47

Electron Beam Induced Effects in CdTe Photovoltaics ...... 42

Electronic Structures and Defect Physics of Cd-Based Semiconductors ...... 48

Emissivity of Bare and Coated Si Wafers: Theoretical Studies ...... 46

Energy Balances for Photovoltaic Modules: Status and Prospects ...... 43

Enhanced Bulk Polysilicon Production Using Silicon Tubes ...... 42

Epitaxial Growth of BGaAs amd BGaInAs by MOCVD ...... 41

Explanation for the Low-Temperature H Evolution Peak in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Films Deposited ‘On the Edge of Crystallinity’ ...... 44

Explanation of the Limiting Thickness Observed in Low-Temperature Silicon Epitaxy ...... 47

Fabrication of Graded Cu(InGa)Se2 Films by Inline Evaporation ...... 42

First Solar’s CdTe Module Manufacturing Experience: Environmental, Health, and Safety Results ...... 40

Fundamental Advances in Transparent Conducting Oxides ...... 40

Ge Concentrator Cells for III-V Multijunction Devices ...... 41

Growth and Chemical Substitution of Transparent P-Type CuAlO2 ...... 46

High Current, Thin Silicon-on-Ceramic Solar Cell ...... 39

High Efficiency Low Cost Thin Film Silicon Solar Cell Design and Method for Making ...... 55

High Efficiency Thin Film CdTe and a-Si Based Solar Cells: Annual Technical Report, 4 March 1999—3 March 2000 . . . . .25

High Mobility CdO Films and Their Dependence on Structure ...... 44

High-Efficiency Cd2SnO4/Zn2SnO4/ZnxCd1-xS/ CdS/CdTe Polycrystalline Thin-Film Solar Cells ...... 48

High-Efficiency Integrated Multijunction Photovoltaic/Electrolysis Systems for Hydrogen Production ...... 43

Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Grown by Hot-Wire CVD at Deposition Rates up to 1 µm/ Minute ...... 45

Hydrostatic and Biaxial Strain in BaxSr1-xTiO3 Films Grown by Pulsed Lazer Deposition ...... 40

Improved Radiometric Calibrations and Measurements for Evaluating Photovoltaic Devices ...... 26

Impurities and Defects in Photovoltaic Si Devices: A Review ...... 46

Influence of Substrate Structure on the Growth of CdTe Thin Films ...... 48

Influence of Surface Composition on Back-Contact Performance in CdTe/CdS PV Devices ...... 44

Influence of W Filament Alloying on the Electronic Properties of HWCVD Deposited a-Si:H Films ...... 44

Influence of Window and Absorber Layer Processing on Device Operation in Superstrate Thin Film CdTe Solar Cells . . . . .44 Title Index 71 Insights into the Nonideal Behavior of CdS/CdTe Solar Cells ...... 44

In-Situ Measurements of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Composition by X-Ray Fluorescence ...... 41

In-Situ Sensors for Process Control of CuIn(Ga)Se2 Module Deposition: Final Report, August 15, 2001 ...... 25

Interdiffusion of CdS and Zn2SnO4 Layers and Its Application in CdS/CdTe Polycrystalline Thin Film Solar Cells ...... 48

Interfacial Optical Spectra in Amorphous Silicon Based pin Solar Cells ...... 49

Investigations of Solar Cells with Porous Silicon as Antireflection Layer ...... 38

Ion-Beam Treatment to Prepare Surfaces of p-CdTe Films ...... 55

ISO 14000 Introduction in the Photovoltaic Industry ...... 45

Large Area Roof-Mount Silicon FilmTM Module and Grid-Connected Rooftop System Design ...... 45

Lifetime Enhancement in EFG Multicrystalline Silicon ...... 43

Light-Induced Structural Changes and Their Correlation to Metastable Defect Creation in Intrinsic Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Films ...... 42

Local Photocurrent and Resistivity Measurements with Micron Resolution ...... 42

Material Properties of Polysilicon Layers Deposited by Atmospheric Pressure Iodine Vapor Transport ...... 48

Materials Science of Novel Oxide-Based Electronics: Proceedings of the Materials Research Society Symposium, 24–27 April 2000, San Francisco, California ...... 41

Metastable Defects by Low-Intensity Pulsed Illumination of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon ...... 42

Microcrystalline Si and (Si,Ge) Solar Cells on Plastic Substrates ...... 40

Microstructural Properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films Used In High Efficiency Devices ...... 42

Microstructural Properties of the Surface of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin Films ...... 42

Model for Staebler-Wronski Degradation Deduced from Long-Term, Controlled Light-Soaking Experiments ...... 47

Model for the Thermal Characteristics of Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules Deployed at Fixed Tilt ...... 40

Modeling of Electron Diffusion Length in GaInAsN Solar Cells ...... 44

Molecular Hydrogen in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon: NMR Evidence ...... 47

Multi-Junction, Monolithic Solar Cell Using Low-Band-Gap Materials Lattice Matched to GaAs or Ge ...... 55

Na in Selenized Cu(In,Ga)Se2 on Na-Containing and Na-Free Glasses: Distribution, Grain Structure, and Device Performance ...... 45

Nanostructure of a-Si:H and Related Alloys by Small-Angle Scattering of Neutrons and X-Rays: Annual Technical Progress Report, 22 May 1999—21 August 2000 ...... 26

New Perspective on the Characterization of Materials for a-Si:H Solar Cells ...... 43

Ni2P—A Promising Candidate for Back Contacts to CdS/CdTe Solar Cells ...... 47

Non-Contacting PV Capacitive Diagnostic (PVCD) System for Real-Time In-Situ Analysis, QA/QC, and Optimization . . . .41

Non-Traditional Light Sources for Solar Cell and Module Testing ...... 40

Nonuniform Power Generation in Polycrystalline Thin Film Photovoltaic ...... 43

NREL PV Working With Industry, Fourth Quarter 2000 ...... 17

Open-Circuit Voltage Physics in Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells ...... 43 72 Information Resources Catalog Optical System for Determining Physical Characteristics of a Solar Cell ...... 56

Optimization of Emitter and Interface of Amorphous Silicon/Crystalline Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells ...... 46

Outdoor Meteorological Broadband and Spectral Conditions for Evaluating Photovoltaic Modules ...... 45

Overcoming Degradation Mechanisms in CdTe Solar Cells: Second Annual Report, August 1999—August 2000 ...... 25

Overview of Thermophotovoltaic Generation of Electricity ...... 40

PECVD SiNx Induced Hydrogen Passivation in String Ribbon Silicon ...... 49

Photocharge Transport and Recombination Measurements in Amorphous Silicon Films and Solar Cells by Photoconductive Frequency Mixing: Annual Subcontract Report, 20 April 1999—19 April 2000 ...... 25

Photodegradation in a-Si:H Prepared by Hot-Wire CVD as a Function of Substrate and Filament Temperatures ...... 42

Photogeneration and Carrier Recombination in Graded Gap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells ...... 41

Photothermal Stability of Encapsulated Silicon Solar Cells and Encapsulation Materials upon Accelerated Exposures–II ...... 45

Photovoltaic Devices Comprising Zinc Stannate Buffer Layer and Method for Making ...... 56

Photovoltaic Energy Program Overview, Fiscal Year 2000 ...... 17

Photovoltaic Manufacturing Cost and Throughput Improvements for Thin-Film CIGS-Based Modules: Phase II Technical Report, July 1999—August 2000 ...... 26

Photovoltaic-Integrated Electrochromic Device for Smart-Window Applications ...... 40

Photovoltaics R&D: A Tour Through the 21st Century ...... 43

Polycrystalline Thin-Film Photovoltaic Technologies: From the Laboratory to Commercialization ...... 47

Porous Silicon Texturing of Polysilicon Substrates ...... 47

PowerGuard® Advanced Manufacturing: PVMaT Phase II Technical Progress Report, 1 July 1999—30 September 2000 ...... 25

Precontact Surface Chemistry Effects on CdS/CdTe Solar Cell Performance and Stability ...... 39

Probing the Interface and Microstructures in CdS/CuInSe2 and InGaAsN/GaAs Heterojunctions by Synchrotron Radiation ...... 46

Procedure for Determining the Uncertainty of Photovoltaic Module Outdoor Electrical Performance ...... 48

Procedures for Determining the Performance of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems ...... 44

Procedures for Evaluating Multijunction Concentrators ...... 41

Process Automation for Photovoltaic Module Assembly and Testing ...... 45

Process Development and Basic Studies of Electrochemically Deposited CdTe-Based Solar Cells: Annual Technical Report, Phase II, 16 May 1999—13 May 2000 ...... 25

Process Development for CIGS-Based Thin Film Photovoltaic Modules: Phase II Technical Report ...... 25

Process for Fabricating Polycrystalline Semiconductor Thin-Film Solar Cells, and Cells Produced Thereby ...... 56

Process for Polycrystalline Film Silicon Growth ...... 56

Processing of CuInSe2-Based Solar Cells: Characterization of Deposition Processes in Terms of Chemical Reaction Analyses; Final Report, 6 May 1995—31 December 1998 ...... 25

Production of Solar Grade (SoG) Silicon by Refining Liquid Metallurgical Grade (MG) Silicon: Final Report, 19 April 2001 ...... 25 Title Index 73 Progress on DOE/BES-Supported Research on Photovoltaics ...... 40

Progress on Thin Silicon-on-Ceramic Solar Cells ...... 46

Progress Towards Commercialization of a 4.5-Sun, Flat-Plate Concentrating PV Module and System ...... 47

Properties of CdO Thin Films Produced by Chemical Vapor Deposition ...... 44

Pulsed Laser Deposition of Oriented V2O5 Thin Films ...... 44

PV Characterization of CIGS4 Thin Film Solar Cells ...... 41

PVMaT Cost Reductions in the EFG High-Volume PV Manufacturing Line: Annual Report, August 1998—December 2000 ...... 25

PVMaT Funded Manufacturing Advances in String Ribbon Technology ...... 43

PVMaT Improvements in the BP Solarex Photovoltaic Module Manufacturing Technology: Annual Report, 5 May 1999—15 June 2000 ...... 26

Quantitative Correlation of High Quality a-Si:H p-i-n Solar Cell Characteristics with Properties of the Bulk and p/i Interface Region ...... 45

Quantum Dot Solar Cells ...... 39

R&D of CdTe-Absorber Photovoltaic Cells, Modules, and Manufacturing Equipment: Plan and Progress to 100 MW/Yr ...... 45

R&D Toward a 15+% Efficiency Solar Cell Manufacturing Line for EFG Silicon Wafers ...... 39

Ramakrishna Mission Initiative Impact Study—A Rural Electrification Project in West Bengal, India ...... 46

Rapid Low-Temperature Epitaxial Growth Using a Hot-Element Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition Process ...... 55

Real Time Optics of p-Type Silicon Deposition on Specular and Textured ZnO Surfaces ...... 46

Results to Date: Development of New EVA-Based Encapsulants, Faster-Curing and Flame-Retardant Types ...... 41

Review of Polymer Materials for Solar Water Heating Systems ...... 45

Role of Oxygen Precipitates on the Performance of Crystalline Silicon-Based Photovoltaic Devices ...... 39

Role of Sodium in the Control and Defect Structures in CIS ...... 46

Saturated Defect Densities of Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Grown by Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition at Rates up to 150 A/s ...... 44

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of As/Ge(mnn) and P/Ge(mnn) Surfaces ...... 26

Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Study of As/Ge(mnn) and P/Ge(mnn) Surfaces ...... 44

Search for Improved Transparent Conducting Oxides: An Investigation of CdO, Cd2SnO4 and Zn2SnO4 ...... 40

Silicon Solar Cell Process Monitoring by PV-Reflectometer ...... 46

Silicon-FilmTM Solar Cells and Modules: 9 MW Pilot Scale Manufacturing Plant Experiences ...... 45

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering from Device-Quality a-Si:H and a-Si:D Prepared by PECVD and HWCVD ...... 48

Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 16) ...... 42

Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 17) ...... 42

Solar Cell Efficiency Tables (Version 18) ...... 42

Solar Electric Power—The U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Roadmap ...... 18

74 Information Resources Catalog Solar Electricity: The Power of Choice, First Quarter 2001 ...... 18

Solar Electricity: The Power of Choice, Second Quarter 2001 ...... 18

Specific PVMaT R&D in CdTe Product Manufacturing: Phase II Annual Subcontract Technical Report, May 1999—September 2000 ...... 26

Specific PVMaT R&D on Siemens CZ Silicon Product Manufacturing ...... 43

Spectroradiometric Sun Photometry ...... 45

Status and Recent Progress in Photovoltaic Manufacturing in the USA ...... 26

Status of Amorphous Silicon Alloy Solar Cells and Modules Made Near the Onset of Microcrystallinity ...... 48

Structural Changes During Annealing of GaInAsN ...... 44

Studies of Band Structure and Free-Carrier Scattering in Transparent Conducting Oxides Based on Combined Measurements of Electron Transport Phenomena ...... 25

Study of CdTe/CdS Solar Cells Using CSS CdTe Deposited at Low Temperature ...... 45

Technologies for the New Millenium: Photovoltaics as a Distributed Resource ...... 44

Technology Support for High-Throughput Processing of Thin-Film CdTe PV Modules: Phase II Annual Technical Report, 1 April 1999—31 March 2000 ...... 26

TEM, AFM, and Cathodoluminescence Characterization of CdTe Thin Films ...... 39

Temperature Dependence of Amorphous Silicon Solar Cell PV Parameters ...... 40

Temperature Dependence of the Photoinduced Degradation and Annealing in a-Si:H ...... 46

Ten Years of Manufacturing R&D in PVMaT—Technical Accomplishments, Return on Investment, and Where We Go Next ...... 26

Ten Years of Manufacturing R&D in PVMaT—Technical Accomplishments, Return on Investment, and Where We Go Next ...... 48

Tenth Workshop on Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Materials and Processes: A Summary of Discussion Sessions from the Workshop held 13–16 August 2000, Copper Mountain, Colorado ...... 26

Terrestrial Photovoltaic Technologies Update ...... 48

Terrestrial Photovoltaic Technologies—Recent Progress in Manufacturing R&D ...... 48

Thin Transparent Conducting Films of Cadmium Stannate ...... 56

Transport Properties of GaAs1-xNx Thin Films Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition ...... 39

Triple-Junction Solar Cell Efficiencies Above 32%: The Promise and Challenges of Their Application in High-Concentration-Ratio PV Systems ...... 40

U.S. Department of Energy Photovoltaic Energy Program Contract Summary: Fiscal Year 2000 ...... 18

Ultrafast Dynamics of Photoexcitations in HWCVD Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Alloys ...... 49

Ultra-Lightweight Amorphous Silicon Solar Cells Deposited on 7.5 µm Thick Stainless Steel Substrates ...... 41

Upgrading Metallurgical Grade (MG) Silicon for Use as Solar Grade Feedstock ...... 43

Use of Uniformly Distributed Concentrated Sunlight for Highly Accelerated Testing of Coatings ...... 25

Validation Testing of Procedures for Determining the Performance of Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems ...... 26

ZnTe:N Back Contacts to CdS/CdTe Solar Cells ...... 44

Title Index 75 SOLAR ENERGY—RADIATION

Calculation of Solar Radiation Using a Methodology with Worldwide Potential ...... 49

Current Issues in Terrestrial Solar Radiation Instrumentation for Energy, Climate, and Space Applications ...... 49

Measurement of Broadband Diffuse Solar Irradiance Using Current Commercial Instrumentation with a Correction for Thermal Offset Errors ...... 49

SOLAR ENERGY—THERMAL

Chapter 2: Fundamentals of Thermodynamics Heat Transfer and Fluid Mechanics Basics ...... 49

Evaluation of an Absorption Heat Pump to Mitigate Plant Capacity Reduction Due to Ambient Temperature Rise for an Air-Cooled Ammonia and Water Cycle: Preprint ...... 26

Filler Materials for Polyphenylenesulphide Composite Coatings ...... 27

Guide for Financial Feasible Large-Scale Solar Thermal IPP’s ...... 49

Large-Scale Concentrating Solar Power in 2000 ...... 49

Method for Analyzing the Chemical Composition of Liquid Effluent from a Direct Contact Condenser ...... 56

Multi-Facet Concentrator of Solar Setup for Irradiating the Objects Placed in a Target Plane with Solar Light ...... 56

Thermal Penalty of an Immersed Heat Exchanger in Integral Collector Storage Systems ...... 49

Uniform-Burning Matrix Burner ...... 56

Using an Ersatz Thermosiphon Loop to Model Natural Convection Flows Inside a Shallow Enclosure: Preprint ...... 26

SOLID STATE SPECTROSCOPY

Anisotropy of Phonon Modes in Spontaneously Ordered GaInP2 ...... 51

Atomic-Resolution Z-Contrast Imaging and Its Application to Compositional Ordering and Segregation ...... 51

CuPt Ordering Signatures of Phonons in GaInP2 ...... 50

CuPt-β Ordered Microstructures in GaInP and GaInAs Films ...... 49

Dependence of the Band Structure on the Order Parameter for Partially Ordered GaxIn1-xP Alloys ...... 51

Discrete and Continuous Spectrum of Nitrogen-Induced Bound States in Heavily Doped GaAs1-xNx ...... 51

Electronic and Optical Properties of Orientational Superlattices in GaInP Alloys ...... 51 α Evidence for Light-Induced Long-Range Hydrogen Motion in a-Si:H Using Raman Scattering of -WO3 ...... 50 Γ -L-X Mixed Symmetry of Nitrogen-Induced States in GaAs1-xNx Probed by Resonant Raman Scattering ...... 51

Influence of Microstructure on the Chemical Diffusion of Lithium Ions in Amorphous Lithiated Tungsten Oxide Films . . .50

Initial Stages of Growth of Ordered GaInP and GaInAs Grown by Metal Organic Vapor Phase Epitaxy ...... 50

Light-Induced Long-Range Hydrogen Motion in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon at Room Temperature ...... 50

Nature and Origin of Lateral Composition Modulations in Short-Period Strained-Layer Superlattices ...... 50

Optical Properties of Spontaneous Lateral Composition Modulation in AlAs/InAs Short-Period Superlattices ...... 50

Overcoming Limitations in Semiconductor Alloy Design ...... 50

76 Information Resources Catalog Profiling Composition Variations in Composition-Modulated GaP/InP Short-Period Superlattices Using Resonance Raman Scattering ...... 50

Quadruple-Period Ordering Along [110] in a GaAs0.87Sb0.13 Alloy ...... 51 α Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Gasochromic -WO3 Thin Films ...... 50

Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Ni-W Oxide Thin Films ...... 50

Reciprocal-Space and Real-Space Analyses of Compositional Modulation in InAs/AlAs Short-Period Superlattices ...... 50

Reply to “Comment on ‘Phonon Modes in Spontaneously Ordered GaInP2 Studied by Micro-Raman Measurements’” . . . .50

Scaling of Band-Gap Reduction in Heavily Nitrogen Doped GaAs ...... 51

Self-Organized Processes in Semiconductor Alloys: Proceedings of the Materials Research Society Symposium, 29 November—2 December 1999, Boston, Massachusetts ...... 50

Single and Double Variant CuPtβ Ordered GaInAs ...... 50

Spatially Resolved Photoluminescence in Spontaneously-Ordered GaInP2 ...... 51

X-Ray Analysis of Spontaneous Lateral Modulation in (InAs)n/(AlAs)m Short-Period Superlattices ...... 50

X-Ray Diffraction from CuPt-Ordered III-V Ternary Semiconductor Alloy Films ...... 50

SOLID STATE THEORY

Anticrossing and Coupling of Light-Hole and Heavy-Hole States in (001) GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs Heterostructures ...... 51

Band Structure and Stability of Ternary Semiconductor Polytypes ...... 52

Correlation versus Mean-Field Contributions to Excitons, Multiexcitons, and Charging Energies in Semiconductor Quantum Dots ...... 52

Effects of Interfacial Atomic Segregation on Optical Properties of InAs/GaSb Superlattices ...... 51

Electronic Structure of BAs and Boride III-V Alloys ...... 51

Evolution of III-V Nitride Alloy Electronic Structure: The Localized to Delocalized Transition ...... 51

Exciton Dissociation and Interdot Transport in CdSe Quantum-Dot Molecules ...... 51

Hydrogen-Induced Instability on the Flat Si(001) Surface via Steric Repulsion ...... 51

Intrinsic n-Type versus p-Type Doping Asymmetry and the Defect Physics of ZnO ...... 52

Multi-Excitons in Self-Assembled InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots: A Pseudopotential, Many-Body Approach ...... 52

Optical Transitions in Charged CdSe Quantum Dots ...... 51

Predicting the Size- and Temperature-Dependent Shapes of Precipitates in Al-Zn Alloys ...... 51

Prediction of Alloy Precipitate Shapes from First Principles ...... 51

Reply to “Comment on ‘First-Principles Theory of the Evolution of Vibrational Properties with

Long-Range Order in GaInP2’” ...... 51

Spatial Correlations in GaInAsN Alloys and Their Effects on Band-Gap Enhancement and Electron Localization ...... 51

Structure of Ordered and Disordered α-Brass ...... 51

Surface-Passivation-Induced Optical Changes in Ge Quantum Dots ...... 51

Title Index 77 Theoretical Interpretation of the Experimental Electronic Structure of Lens-Shaped Self-Assembled InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots ...... 52

Why Are the Conventionally-Assumed High-Pressure Crystal Structures of Ordinary Semiconductors Unstable? ...... 52

SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

Comparison of the Experimental Performance of Ferroelectric CPW Circuits with Method-of-Moment Simulations and Conformal Mapping Analysis ...... 52

Control and Elimination of Biaxial Strain in Laser-Ablated Epitaxial BaxSr1-xTiO3 Films ...... 52

Direct Write Metallizations for Ag and Al ...... 52

Electrodeposition Process for the Preparation of Superconducting Thallium Oxide Films ...... 52

Long and Short Range Ordering of CuInSe2 ...... 52

Low-Cost Approach to Fabrication of Multinary Compounds for Energy-Related Applications ...... 52

Nanosized Alumina Fibers ...... 52

Performance of CuIn1-xGaxSe2-Based Photovoltaic Cells Prepared from Low-Cost Precursor Films ...... 52

Performance of Ferroelectric Based Tunable Capacitors as a Function of Electrode Geometry ...... 52

Solution Synthesis of Mixed-Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles and Spray Deposition of Precursor Films ...... 56

Superconducting Thallium Oxide and Mercury Oxide Films ...... 27

Surface Chemistry of Copper Nanoparticles and Direct Spray Printing of Hybrid Particle/Metallorganic Inks ...... 52

TRANSPORTATION

2001 Joint ADVISOR/PSAT Vehicle Systems Modeling User Conference Proceedings, 28–29 August 2001, Southfield, Michigan (CD-ROM) ...... 18

Airport-Based Alternative Fuel Vehicle Fleets ...... 18

Alternative Fuel News: Official Publication of the Clean Cities Network and the Alternative Fuels Data Center, Vol. 5, No. 2 ...... 18

Alternative Fuel News: Official Publication of the Clean Cities Network and the Alternative Fuels Data Center, Vol. 5, No. 1 ...... 19

Alternative Fuel News: Official Publication of the Clean Cities Network and the Alternative Fuels Data Center; Vol. 4, No. 4 ...... 19

Alternative Fuel News: Official Publication of the Clean Cities Network and the Alternative Fuels Data Center; Vol. 4, No. 3 ...... 19

Alternative Fuel Transit Buses: DART’s (Dallas Area Rapid Transit) LNG Bus Fleet Final Results ...... 19

Atlanta’s Kent Igleheart Brings Home 2001 Outstanding Coordinator Award ...... 19

Biodiesel Handling and Use Guidelines ...... 27

Biodiesel Offers Fleets a Better Alternative to Petroleum Diesel ...... 19

Chapter 8: Appendices ...... 53

Class 8 Trucks Operating on Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel with Particulate Filter Systems: A Fleet Start-Up Experience ...... 53

78 Information Resources Catalog Clean Cities Coalition Awards ...... 19

Clean Cities National Partner Awards ...... 19

Clean Cities Technical Assistance (Tiger Teams) ...... 19

Commercially Available Hybrid Electric, Low-Speed Vehicles not Eligible for EPAct Credit ...... 19

Driving the Nation Toward a Clean Energy Future ...... 19

E. O. (Executive Order) 13149: Federal Agencies to Reduce Petroleum Use by 20% ...... 19

EPAct Fleet Information and Regulations: State and Alternatie Fuel Provider Program, Annual Report ...... 20

EPAct: Alternative Fuels for Energy Security, Cleaner Air ...... 20

FY 2000 Progress Report for Fuels for Advanced CIDI Engines and Fuel Cells ...... 20

Guidebook to the U.S. Department of Energy’s Alternative Fuel Transportation Program for State and Alternative Fuel Provider Fleets ...... 20

High-Performance Radial AMTEC Cell Design for Ultra-High-Power Solar AMTEC Systems ...... 53

Modeling Future Automobiles: The Role of Industry and Government ...... 53

Modeling Grid-Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles Using ADVISOR ...... 53

New York City Transit Diesel Hybrid Electric Buses ...... 20

Next Generation Natural Gas Vehicle Program ...... 20

On-Road Development of John Deere 6081 Natural Gas Engine: Final Technical Report, July 1999—January 2001 ...... 27

Real-World Vehicle Emissions: A Summary of the Tenth Coordinating Research Council On-Road Vehicle Emissions Workshop ...... 52

S&FP Program Promotes Alternative Fuels to Cut Need for Foreign Oil ...... 20

S&FP Program: Frequently Asked Questions ...... 20

SuperShuttle CNG Fleet Evaluation: Final Report ...... 27

SuperShuttle CNG Fleet Study Summary ...... 20

Taking an Alternative Route ...... 20

Thermal Characteristics of Selected EV and HEV Batteries ...... 53

Thermal Evaluation of the Honda Insight Battery Pack: Preprint ...... 27

UPS CNG Truck Fleet Start Up Experience: Alternative Fuel Truck Evaluation Project ...... 20

Vacuum-Insulated Catalytic Converter ...... 56

Vehicle Cabin Cooling System for Capturing and Exhausting Heated Boundary Layer Air from Inner Surfaces of Solar Heated Windows ...... 56

Waste Management’s LNG Truck Fleet: Final Results ...... 21

What’s New on the Web? ...... 21

What’s New: Spring 2001 Update ...... 21

VILLAGE POWER

Renewable Energy for Microenterprise ...... 21 Title Index 79 Renewable Energy for Rural Schools ...... 21

Renewables for Sustainable Village Power ...... 27

WIND ENERGY

2001 Wind Energy Across America Calendar ...... 21

Analysis of the Dynamics of a Wind-Turbine Water-Pumping System ...... 53

Chapter 4: Recent Progress in the Avancement of Wind Turbine Technology ...... 53

Characterizing the Effects of High Wind Penetration on a Small Isolated Grid in Arctic Alaska ...... 28

Chronological Reliability Model to Assess Operating Reserve Allocation to Wind Power Plants: Preprint ...... 28

Colorado Public Utility Commission’s Xcel Wind Decision ...... 28

Controlled Velocity Testing of an 8-kW Wind Turbine ...... 28

Costa de Cocos Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power System ...... 53

Dynamic Characterization Testing of Wind Turbines ...... 28

Encouraging the Domestic Small Turbine Market ...... 28

FAST_AD Code Verification: A Comparison to ADAMS ...... 27

Field Verification Program for Small Wind Turbines: Quarterly Report, 2nd Quarter, Issue #1, October 2000 ...... 27

Field Verification Program for Small Wind Turbines: Quarterly Report, 3rd Quarter, Issue #2, July—September 2000 ...... 27

Field Verification Program for Small Wind Turbines: Quarterly Report, 4th Quarter, Issue #3, October—December 2000 ...... 27

Four-Point Bending Strength Testing of Pultruded Fiberglass Composite Wind Turbine Blade Sections ...... 28

Geographic Information Systems in Support of Wind Energy Activities at NREL: Preprint ...... 28

History and State of the Art of Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Technology ...... 27

IEA Wind Energy Annual Report 2000 ...... 21

NedWind 25 Blade Testing at NREL for the European Standards Measurement and Testing Program ...... 28

NREL Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment in the NASA-Ames Wind Tunnel: A Comparison of Predictions to Measurements ...... 28

Opportunities for Regional Rural Electrification Using Hybrid Power Systems ...... 53

Philippines Wind Energy Resource Atlas Development ...... 27

Pitch-Controlled Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generation ...... 53

Power Performance Testing Progress in the DOE/EPRI Turbine Verification Program ...... 29

Power Quality of Distributed Wind Projects in the Turbine Verification Program ...... 28

Preparing an Existing Diesel Power Plant for a Wind Hybrid Retrofit: Lessons Learned in the Wales, Alaska, Wind-Diesel Hybrid Power Project ...... 27

Renewable Energy Power System Modular Simulator: RPM-SIM User’s Guide (Revision) ...... 27

RPM-SIM: A Comparison of Simulated Versus Recorded Data (Preprint) ...... 27 80 Information Resources Catalog Short-Term Output Variations in Wind Farms—Implications for Ancillary Services in the United States: Preprint ...... 27

Short-Term Output Variations in Wind Farms—Implications for Ancillary Services in the United States ...... 53

Sliding Window Technique for Calculating System LOLP Contributions of Wind Power Plants ...... 28

Small Wind Electric Systems: A U.S. Consumer’s Guide ...... 21

Status of Avian Research at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory ...... 28

Supplemental Environmental Projects Using Renewable Energy: A New Approach to Addressing Air Quality Violation Penalties ...... 21

Systematic Controller Design Methodology for Variable-Speed Wind Turbines ...... 53

Turbines, Wind ...... 53

Unsteady Aerodynamics Experiment Phase V: Test Configuration and Available Data Campaigns ...... 28

Variable-Speed Generation Subsystem Using the Doubly-Fed Generator; Period of Performance: 9 February 1994—30 April 1999 ...... 29

Wind Energy Resource Atlas of the Philippines ...... 27

Wind Farm Power Fluctuations, Ancillary Services, and System Operating Impact Analysis Activities in the United States: Preprint ...... 28

Wind Power Plant Evaluation Naval Auxiliary Landing Field, San Clemente Island, California; Period of Performance: 24 September 1999—15 December 2000 ...... 28

Wind Power Plant Monitoring Project Annual Report ...... 29

Wind Power Today: 2000 Wind Energy Program Highlights ...... 21

Wind Powering America ...... 28

Wind Turbine Wake Measurements in the Operating Region of a Tail Vane ...... 28

WindPACT Turbine Design Scaling Studies Technical Area 1—Composite Blades for 80- to 120-Meter Rotor; 21 March 2000—15 March 2001 ...... 28

WindPACT Turbine Design Scaling Studies Technical Area 2: Turbine, Rotor and Blade Logistics; 27 March 2000—31 December 2000 ...... 29

WindPACT Turbine Design Scaling Studies Technical Area 3—Self-Erecting Tower and Nacelle Feasibility: March 2000—March 2001 ...... 27

WindPACT Turbine Design Scaling Studies: Technical Area 4—Balance-of-Station Cost, 21 March 2000—15 March 2001 ...... 28

Zero Sequence Method for Energy Recovery from a Variable-Speed Wind Turbine Generator ...... 53

Title Index 81 National Renewable Energy Laboratory 1617 Cole Boulevard Golden, Colorado 80401-3393

NREL is a U.S. Department of Energy National Laboratory Operated by Midwest Research Institute ¥ Battelle ¥ Bechtel

NREL/BK-310-31595 March 2002

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