DOCSLIB.ORG

Review of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn): a Power House of Health Benefiting Nutrients Dinesh Chandra ∗, Satish Chandra, Pallavi, A.K

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Review of Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana (L.) Gaertn): a Power House of Health Benefiting Nutrients Dinesh Chandra ∗, Satish Chandra, Pallavi, A.K Available online at www.sciencedirect.com View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE ScienceDirect provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector Food Science and Human Wellness 5 (2016) 149–155 Review of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn): A power house of health benefiting nutrients Dinesh Chandra ∗, Satish Chandra, Pallavi, A.K. Sharma Department of Biological Sciences, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India Received 11 January 2016; received in revised form 29 May 2016; accepted 31 May 2016 Available online 11 June 2016 Abstract The bulk of the world’s millet crop is produced by India, Nigeria, Niger, Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad, and China. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn), little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. & Schult.), foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauvois) and proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) are most commonly found species among various millet varieties. In India, finger millet occupy the largest area under cultivation among the small millets. Finger millet stands unique among the cereals such as barley, rye and oats with higher nutritional contents and has outstanding properties as a subsistence food crop. It is rich in calcium (0.34%), dietary fiber (18%), phytates (0.48%), protein (6%–13%) minerals (2.5%–3.5%), and phenolics (0.3%–3%). Moreover, it is also a rich source of thiamine, riboflavin, iron, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and other essential amino acids. The abundance of these phytochemicals enhances the nutraceutical potential of finger millet, making it a powerhouse of health benefiting nutrients. It has distinguished health beneficial properties, such as anti-diabetic (type 2 diabetes mellitus), anti-diarrheal, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, antitumerogenic (K562 chronic myeloid leukemia), atherosclerogenic effects, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. © 2016 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Finger millet; Dietary fiber; Antioxidant; Diabetes; Health benefit 1. Introduction Schumach.) that belong to the family Poaceae of the mono- cotyledon group. India is considered as pivot for these minor A millet crop includes grasses like finger millet, (Eleusine crops. The world total production of millet grains in year 2013 coracana (L.) Gaertn), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucm (L.) was 762,712 metric tons and the top producer was India with an R.Br), foxtail millet (Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauvois), kodo annual output of 334,500 tons contributing 43.85% [1]. Fin- millet (Paspalumscorbiculatum L.), bahiagrass (Paspalumnota- ger millet commonly known as ragi and mandua in India is tum Flugge), little millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth ex Roem. one of the minor cereals a native of Ethiopia, but grown exten- & Schult.), proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L.), barnyard sively in various regions of India and Africa, constitutes as a millet (Echinochola crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv), guinea grass (Pan- staple food that supply a major portion of calories and protein icum maximum Jacq), elephant grass (Pennisetum purpurium to large segments of the population in these countries especially for people of low income groups [2]. In India, Karnataka is the leading producer of finger millet accounting to 58% of its ∗ global production, yet only a few Indians are aware about its Corresponding author at: Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and health benefits and nutritional value. The production area of fin- Technology Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India. E-mail addresses: [email protected] (D. Chandra), ger millet in India stands sixth after wheat, rice, maize, sorghum [email protected] (S. Chandra), [email protected] and bajra. ( Pallavi), anilksharma [email protected] (A.K. Sharma). In world, finger millet ranks fourth in importance among mil- Peer review under responsibility of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. lets after sorghum, pearl millet and foxtail millet [3]. It is widely cultivated in Africa and South Asia under varied agro-climatic conditions and it is estimated that some 10% of the world’s 30 million tons of millet produced is finger millet [4]. The crop http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2016.05.004 2213-4530/© 2016 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 150 D. Chandra et al. / Food Science and Human Wellness 5 (2016) 149–155 was domesticated around 5000 years BC. It is an allopolyploid kodo millet and proso millet. This could be one of the possi- with chromosome number 2n =4x = 36 and evolved from a cross ble reasons for the higher dietary fiber content in finger millet between two diploid species, Eleusine indica (AA) and Eleusine [11]. A comparative nutritional (Table 1), mineral and vitamin floccifolia or E. tristachya (BB) as genome donors [5–9]. (Table 2), and amino acid (Table 3) profile of finger millet with Millets are important but underutilized crops in tropical and other minor millets, cereals and pseudo-cereals are summarized semiarid regions of the world due to their greater resistance to in said table. pests and diseases, good adaption to a wide range of environment The nutraceutical importance of finger millet lies in its high and their good yield of production, can withstand significant content of calcium (0.38%), protein (6%–13%), dietary fiber levels of salinity, short growing season, resistant to water log- (18%), carbohydrates (65%–75%), minerals (2.5%–3.5%), phy- ging, drought tolerant, requires little inputs during growth and tates (0.48%), tannins (0.61%), phenolic compounds (0.3–3%) with increasing world population and decreasing water supplies and trypsin inhibitory factors, and is recognized for its represents important crops for future human use. The drought health beneficial effects, such as anti-diabetic, antitumerogenic, tolerance of finger millet may be attributed to an efficient antiox- anti-diarrheal, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, atherosclerogenic idant potential and increased signal perception. Being as hardy effects, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties [15,23,24]. Ear- crop it is relatively easy to grow finger millet under stressful lier it was believed that polyphenols, phytates, tannins and regimes, without hampering the net productivity. There is vast dietary fiber contents of finger millet act as anti-nutrients potential to process millet grains into value-added foods and because of their metal chelating and enzyme inhibition activ- beverages in developing countries. Furthermore, millets, as they ities but now it has been confirmed that these constituents can do not contain gluten and therefore it is advisable for stomach contribute to antioxidant activity, which is an important fac- (abdominal) patients [10]. In current review attempt has been tor in resisting aging and metabolic diseases [25,26]. Morevoer, made to collect the available information from existing literature finger millet is also useful in management of various physiolog- either online or offline related to the nutraceutical importance ical disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, vascular and health benefiting properties of finger millet and trying to fragility, hypercholesterolemia, prevention of oxidation of low- present the collected data in a easily-documented pattern. density lipoproteins (LDLs) and also improves gastrointestinal health [27]. Finger millet is milled with the testa which is generally 2. Nutritional significance of finger millet rich in dietary fiber and micronutrients to prepare flour and the whole meal is utilized in the preparation of traditional foods, The main constituents of the millet kernel are seed coat such as roti (unleavened breads), ambali (thin porridge) and (testa), embryo and endosperm. Among several varieties of fin- mudde (dumpling) [15]. On daily consumption of whole grain ger millets such as yellow, white, tan, red, brown, or violet color, of finger millet and its products can protect against the risk of only the red-colored are cultivated extensively throughout world. cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes, and gastrointestinal The presence of five layered testa in finger millet makes it unique cancers and other health issues [28]. The dietary fiber, minerals, compared to other millets such as foxtail millet, pearl millet, phenolics and vitamins concentrated in the outer layer of the Table 1 Nutrient composition of finger millet with other minor millets, pseudo-cereals and cereals grain. Protein (%) Fat (%) Starch (%) Ash (%) Crude fiber Total dietary Total phenol Carbohydrates (%) fiber/100 g (mg/100 g) (g) Minor millets Finger millet 7.3 1.3 59.0 3 3.6 19.1 102 72.6 Pearl millet 14.5 5.1 60.5 2 2 7 51.4 67.5 Proso millet 11 3.5 56.1 3.6 9 8.5 0.10 70.4 Foxtail millet 11.7 3.9 59.1 3 7 19.11 106 60.9 Kodo millet 8.3 1.4 72.0 3.6 9 37.8 368 65.9 Little millet 7.7 4.7 60.9 6.9 7.6 – 21.2 67 Barnyard millet 6.2 4.8 60.3 4 13.6 13 26.7 65.5 Pseudo-cereals Amarath 15.2 8 67.3 3.2 4.1 20.6 2.71 59.2 Quinoa 13.3 7.5 69 2.6 3.8 14.2 2.8 69 Buckwheat 10.9 2.7 67.2 1.59 10.1 29.5 7.25 66 Cereals Wheat 14.4 2.3 64 1.8 2.9 12.1 20.5 71.2 Rice 7.5 2.4 77.2 4.7 10.2 3.7 2.51 78.2 Maize 12.1 4.6 62.3 1.8 2.3 12.8 2.91 66.2 Sorghum 11 3.2 73.8 1.8 2.7 11.8 43.1 72.6 Barley 11.5 2.2 58.5 2.9 5.6 15.4 16.4 80.7 Oats 17.1 6.4 52.8 3.2 11.3 12.5 1.2 69.8 Rye 13.4 1.8 68.3 2 2.1 16.1 13.2 80.1 Sources [12–20].
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Finger Millet (Eleusine Coracana L.) Grain Yield and Yield Components As Influenced by Phosphorus Application and Variety in Western Kenya
    ISSN (E): 2349 – 1183 ISSN (P): 2349 – 9265 3(3): 673–680, 2016 DOI: 10.22271/tpr.2016. v3.i3. 088 Research article Finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) grain yield and yield components as influenced by phosphorus application and variety in Western Kenya Wekha N. Wafula1*, Korir K. Nicholas1, Ojulong F. Henry2, Moses Siambi2 and Joseph P. Gweyi-Onyango1 1Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kenyatta University, PO Box 43844-00100 Nairobi, Kenya 2ICRISAT, ICRAF house, UN Avenue, Gigiri, PO BOX 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya *Corresponding Author: [email protected] [Accepted: 15 December 2016] Abstract: Finger millet is one of the potential cereal crops that can contribute to the efforts of realization of food security in the Sub-Saharan Africa. However, scientific information available with regards to improving soil phosphorus supply and identification of P efficient varieties for the crops potential yield is limited. In order to investigate the effects of P levels on yield components and grain yield On-station field experiments were conducted in two sites of western Kenya during the long and short rain seasons of 2015. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete -1 Block Design in factorial arrangement with four levels of P (0, 12.5, 25 and 37.5 kg P2O5 ha and three finger millet varieties (U-15, P-224 and a local check-Ikhulule) and the treatments replicated three times. The increase of phosphorus levels significantly (P≤0.05) increased the grain yield -1 -1 over the control up to 25 kg P2O5 ha during the long rain seasons and 25 kg P2O5 ha during the short rain seasons in both sites.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Cadmium, Lead, Zinc and Copper Levels in Selected Ecological
    DOI: 10.1515/cipms-2017-0027 Curr. Issues Pharm. Med. Sci., Vol. 30, No. 3, Pages 147-150 Current Issues in Pharmacy and Medical Sciences Formerly ANNALES UNIVERSITATIS MARIAE CURIE-SKLODOWSKA, SECTIO DDD, PHARMACIA journal homepage: http://www.curipms.umlub.pl/ Evaluation of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper levels in selected ecological cereal food products and their non-ecological counterparts Katarzyna Slepecka*, Klaudia Kalwa, Jakub Wyrostek, Urszula Pankiewicz Department of Analysis and Evaluation of Food Quality, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received 07 September 2017 In the everyday human diet, cereal products are considered to be basics. Such food should Accepted 05 October 2017 have healthy properties and not contain harmful additives, especially heavy metals as Keywords: exposure to low doses of such xenobiotics can adversely affect human health. Ecological cereal products, farming is the answer to consumer expectations regarding food safety, and ecological heavy metals, products are recommended as a basis for proper nutrition, despite the higher cost of their ecological and non-ecological products. purchase. The present study was carried out to evaluate the content of heavy metals in ecological cereal products and their non-ecological analogues. INTRODUCTION According to the Polish Food Pyramid, the share of cereal (copper, zinc, cobalt, iron, manganese, selenium, molyb- products in the daily diet is significant and thus forms the denum) act harmlessly after exceeding certain amounts basis of healthy human nutrition [1]. What is more, such specified in the standards [3]. Contamination of food with cereal products should be of the minimum degree of pro- heavy metals comes from pollution of soil, water and air, cessing, e.g cereal grains, meal grains, grits, flour, bran and mainly from industry, transportation and agricultural chem- embryos.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded on 12 March 2021, Was Applied to Evaluate the Extent of Species Other Than Chia in RNA-Seq Assemblies
    plants Article Proteomic Identification and Meta-Analysis in Salvia hispanica RNA-Seq de novo Assemblies Ashwil Klein 1 , Lizex H. H. Husselmann 1 , Achmat Williams 1, Liam Bell 2 , Bret Cooper 3 , Brent Ragar 4 and David L. Tabb 1,5,6,* 1 Department of Biotechnology, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa; [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (L.H.H.H.); [email protected] (A.W.) 2 Centre for Proteomic and Genomic Research, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; [email protected] 3 USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA; [email protected] 4 Departments of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02150, USA; [email protected] 5 Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town 7500, South Africa 6 Centre for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +27-82-431-2839 Abstract: While proteomics has demonstrated its value for model organisms and for organisms with mature genome sequence annotations, proteomics has been of less value in nonmodel organisms that are unaccompanied by genome sequence annotations. This project sought to determine the value of RNA-Seq experiments as a basis for establishing a set of protein sequences to represent a nonmodel organism, in this case, the pseudocereal chia. Assembling four publicly available chia RNA-Seq datasets produced transcript sequence sets with a high BUSCO completeness, though the Citation: Klein, A.; Husselmann, number of transcript sequences and Trinity “genes” varied considerably among them.
    [Show full text]
  • KAMUT® Brand Khorasan Wheat Whole Grain US Senator For
    The Ancient Grain for Modern Life—Our mission is to promote organic agriculture and support organic farmers, to increase diversity of crops and diets and to protect the heritage of a high quality, delicious an- January 2013 cient grain for the benefit of this and future generations. Eat the Whole Thing: KAMUT® Brand Khorasan Wheat Whole Grain UPCOMING Whole grains are an important and tasty way of including complex carbohydrates in a healthy EVENTS diet. Depending on your age, health, weight, and activity level, the USDA recommends that Americans consume at least three portions, from 1.5 ounces (young children) to 8 ounces (older 20 – 22 January boys and young adult men) of grains a day, and that more than half of those grains should be 2013* - National As- whole grains. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) defines “whole grain to include cere- sociation for the Spe- al grains that consist of the intact, ground, cracked or flaked fruit of the grains whose principal cialty Food Trade, components -- the starchy endosperm, germ and bran -- are present in the same relative propor- Fancy Food Show, San tions as they exist in the intact grain.” Francisco, CA, USA Each part of the grain is healthful, but consuming them “whole” provides all of the benefits work- ing together. The FDA recognizes that whole grains provide energy and provide reduced risk for 25 January 2013 – disease including bowl disorders, cancer, heart disease and high cholesterol, stroke, high blood Annual KAMUT® Grower’s Dinner, Re- pressure, obesity and Type 2 diabetes. gina, SK, Canada In order to help you find good whole grain products, a lot of packaging includes the helpful term “whole grain” on the front or even better includes Whole Grains Council stamps.
    [Show full text]
  • Small Millets in Global Agriculture
    SMALL MILLETS IN GLOBAL AGRICULTURE Proceedings of the First International Small Millets Workshop Bangalore, India, October 29-November 2, 1986 Editors: A. Seetharam K. W. Riley G. Harinarayana 41- OXFORD & IBH PUBLISHING CO. PVT. LTD. New Delhi Bombay Calcutta © 1989 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE ISBN 81-204-0434-3 Published in India by Mohan Primlani for Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 66 Janpath, New Delhi 110 001, typeset by Composers and printed at Pauls Press, Okhla Industrial Area, New Delhi 110 020. 1-S9-11 L CONTENTS Editor's Preface vii Inaugural Address : M. V. Rao ix Workshop Participants and Authors I : OVERVIEW AND TAXONOMY 1. Small Millets-A Selective Overview 3 Hugh Doggett 2. Origin, Evolution and Systematics of Minor Cereals 19 J.M.J. de Wet 11 : IMPORTANCE, GERMPLASM AND VARIETAL IMPROVEMENT IN ASIA 3. Small Millets in Indian Agriculture 33 T. V. Sampath, S.M. Razvi, D. N. Singh and K. V. Bondale 4. Genetic Resources of Small Millets in India 45 A. Seetharam 5. Breeding and Varietal Improvement of Small Millets in India 59 G. Harinarayana 6. Importance, Genetic Resources and Breeding of Small 71 Millets in Bangladesh M.A. Majid, M.A. Hamid and Mannujan 7. Importance, Genetic Resources and Breeding of Small 77 Millets in Sri Lanka S. Ponnuthurai 8. Importance, Genetic Resources and Varietal Improvement 85 of Finger Millet in Nepal Kishor Sherchan 9. Importance and Genetic Resources of Small Millets with 93 Emphasis on Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica) in China Chen Jiaju iv 10. Breeding and Varietal Improvement of Foxtail Millet in 101 China Chen Jiaju 11.
    [Show full text]
  • The Story of Millets
    The Story of Millets Millets were the first crops Millets are the future crops Published by: Karnataka State Department of Agriculture, Bengaluru, India with ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad, India This document is for educational and awareness purpose only and not for profit or business publicity purposes 2018 Compiled and edited by: B Venkatesh Bhat, B Dayakar Rao and Vilas A Tonapi ICAR-Indian Institute of Millets Research, Hyderabad Inputs from: Prabhakar, B.Boraiah and Prabhu C. Ganiger (All Indian Coordinated Research Project on Small Millets, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru, India) Disclaimer The document is a compilation of information from reputed and some popular sources for educational purposes only. The authors do not claim ownership or credit for any content which may be a part of copyrighted material or otherwise. In many cases the sources of content have not been quoted for the sake of lucid reading for educational purposes, but that does not imply authors have claim to the same. Sources of illustrations and photographs have been cited where available and authors do not claim credit for any of the copy righted or third party material. G. Sathish, IFS, Commissioner for Agriculture, Department of Agriculture Government of Karnataka Foreword Millets are the ancient crops of the mankind and are important for rainfed agriculture. They are nutritionally rich and provide number of health benefits to the consumers. With Karnataka being a leading state in millets production and promotion, the government is keen on supporting the farmers and consumers to realize the full potential of these crops. On the occasion of International Organics and Millets Fair, 2018, we are planning before you a story on millets to provide a complete historic global perspective of journey of millets, their health benefits, utilization, current status and future prospects, in association with our knowledge partner ICAR - Indian Institute of Millets Research, with specific inputs from the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bengaluru.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa (Chenopodium Quinoa Willd)
    plants Review Seed Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Emma M. McGinty 1, Kevin M. Murphy 2 and Amber L. Hauvermale 2,* 1 The School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; [email protected] 2 Department of Crop and Soil Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.:+1-509-335-3661 Abstract: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a culturally significant staple food source that has been grown for thousands of years in South America. Due to its natural drought and salinity tolerance, quinoa has emerged as an agronomically important crop for production in marginal soils, in highly variable climates, and as part of diverse crop rotations. Primary areas of quinoa research have focused on improving resistance to abiotic stresses and disease, improving yields, and increasing nutrition. However, an evolving issue impacting quinoa seed end-use quality is preharvest sprouting (PHS), which is when seeds with little to no dormancy experience a rain event prior to harvest and sprout on the panicle. Far less is understood about the mechanisms that regulate quinoa seed dormancy and seed viability. This review will cover topics including seed dormancy, orthodox and unorthodox dormancy programs, desiccation sensitivity, environmental and hormonal mechanisms that regulate seed dormancy, and breeding and non-breeding strategies for enhancing resistance to PHS in quinoa. Citation: McGinty, E.M.; Murphy, Keywords: abscisic acid; desiccation sensitivity; gibberellin; hormone signaling; precocious germina- K.M.; Hauvermale, A.L. Seed tion; seed morphology Dormancy and Preharvest Sprouting in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd).
    [Show full text]
  • Updating Barley and Rye Management in Kentucky, Year 2
    UPDATING BARLEY AND RYE MANAGEMENT IN KENTUCKY, YEAR 2 Chad Lee, Carrie Knott, James Dollarhide, Kathleen Russell and Katherine McLachlan, University of Kentucky, Department of Plant & Soil Sciences PH: (859) 257-7874; E-mail: [email protected] The boom in distilleries and growing public received 30 lb N/A in the fall, consistent with our interest in locally grown foods has combined to recommendations when following excellent corn generate much interest in barley and rye for yields. For the nitrogen rate studies, all small Kentucky. These crops have not been studied grains were seeded at 1.25 million per acre. In extensively since intensive wheat management 2015-2016, the studies were conducted only at was developed in Kentucky. Spindletop Farm near Lexington, KY. For 2016- 2017, studies were conducted at Spindletop and In 2016-2017, we investigated seeding rates and at the Research and Education Center at nitrogen (N) rates on barley, malting barley and Princeton, KY. hybrid rye. Seeding rates were 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.25 and 1.5 million seeds per acre. For the Six-Row Barley (Feed Barley) seeding rate studies, N rate was set at 90 lb N/A Seed Rates with 30 lb applied at Feekes 3 and 60 applied at Feekes 5. In the winter nitrogen rate study, rates Seed rates did not affect yield of feed barley at of 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 lb N per acre were split- any tie. Yield averaged over 85 bushels per acre. applied at Feekes 3 and 5. In addition, all plots 6-Row Barley: Seed rate effect on yield at Lexington 2016, Lexington 2017 and Princeton 2017.
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Spp)-An Underutilized
    Available online at www.ijmrhs.com al R edic ese M a of rc l h a & n r H u e o a J l l t h International Journal of Medical Research & a n S ISSN No: 2319-5886 o c i t i Health Sciences, 2020, 9(7): 39-44 e a n n c r e e t s n I • • I J M R H S An Overview of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp)-An Underutilized Crop in India-Nutritional Value and Health Benefits Aneesha Nalinkumar* and Pratibha Singh Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Haryana, India *Corresponding e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Buckwheat is one of the pseudocereals grown annually in hilly regions of India. It belongs to the family Polygonaceae and genus (Fagopyrum spp.) Buckwheat is adaptable to extreme cold temperatures, stress conditions of water, less soil fertility and varying climatic conditions, making it a sustainable crop. A literature search on Buckwheat was done using PubMed and Google search engines and reviewed to prepare an overview of its cultivation, nutritional and health value. In India, twenty species of Buckwheat are cultivated across various hilly regions. Out of these only nine species have desirable nutritional value and two are commonly grown. They are Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (Common buckwheat) and Fagopyrum tataricum (Tartary buckwheat). However, the cultivation of Buckwheat has declined in the 20th century making it an underutilized crop. Buckwheat has good amount of nutrients and many health benefits. There is a need to research about this under-utilized crop and create awareness as this crop has many nutritional and health benefits.
    [Show full text]
  • Gluten Free Grains
    Gluten-free Grains A demand-and-supply analysis of prospects for the Australian health grains industry A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Grant Vinning and Greg McMahon Asian Markets Research Pty Ltd September 2006 RIRDC publication no. 05/011 RIRDC project no. AMR–10A © 2006 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation All rights reserved ISBN 1 74151 110 0 ISSN 1440-6845 Gluten-free Grains: a demand-and-supply analysis of prospects for the Australian grains industry Publication no. 05/011 Project no. AMR–10A The information contained in this publication is intended for general use to assist public knowledge and discussion and to help improve the development of sustainable industries. The information should not be relied upon for the purpose of a particular matter. Specialist and/or appropriate legal advice should be obtained before any action or decision is taken on the basis of any material in this document. The Commonwealth of Australia, the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, and the authors or contributors do not assume liability of any kind whatsoever resulting from any person’s use of or reliance on the content of this document. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research results, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any inquiries concerning reproduction, telephone the Publications Manager on 02 6272 3186. Researcher contact details Grant Vinning Greg McMahon Asian Markets Research Asian Markets Research 22 Kersley Road 22 Kersley Road KENMORE QLD 4069 KENMORE QLD 4069 Phone: 07 3378 0042 Phone: 07 3378 0042 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] In submitting this report, the researchers have agreed to RIRDC publishing this material in its edited form.
    [Show full text]
  • Development of New Starch Formulations for Inclusion in the Dietotherapeutic Treatment of Glycogen Storage Disease †
    Proceedings Development of New Starch Formulations for Inclusion in the Dietotherapeutic Treatment of Glycogen Storage Disease † Raquel Selma-Gracia 1,2, José Moisés Laparra Llopis 2 and Claudia Monika Haros 1,* 1 Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Av. Agustín Escardino 7, Parque Científico, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain; [email protected] 2 Molecular Immunonutrition Group, Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies in Food (IMDEA-Food), Ctra. de Canto Blanco n° 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † Presented at the 2nd International Conference of Ia ValSe-Food Network, Lisbon, Portugal, 21–22 October 2019. Published: 4 August 2020 Abstract: In this study, the thermal properties of quinoa and maize starch were evaluated and related to their digestibility. Lower gelatinisation and retrogradation parameters were obtained in quinoa starch, suggesting a better susceptibility to the disruption of the crystalline structure. These results were accompanied with a higher percentage of hydrolysis in raw quinoa, reaching more twofold higher than in raw maize starch. Besides, the slopes calculated by a Lineweaver-Bürke transformation showed similar values in raw quinoa and maize starches. Taken together, these characteristics of quinoa starch could provide more digestible benefits than the current treatment, raw maize starch, in glycogen storage disease patients. Keywords: maize starch; quinoa starch; thermal properties; starch hydrolysis; glycogen storage disease 1. Introduction Previous research has shown variability in the susceptibility to digestion depending on structural differences in starches from different sources [1]. A crystalline structure is an important factor to take into account in digestibility, and can be modified by a gelatinisation process [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Coverage for Specialty Types of Barley and Soybeans Beginning with the 2010 Crop Year
    United States May 27, 2010 Department of Agriculture INFORMATIONAL MEMORANDUM: PM-10-005.1 Risk Management TO: All Approved Insurance Providers Agency All Risk Management Agency Field Offices Beacon Facility – All Other Interested Parties Mail Stop 0812 P.O. Box 419205 FROM: Tim B. Witt /s/ Tim B. Witt Kansas City, MO 64141-6205 Deputy Administrator SUBJECT: Coverage for Specialty Types of Barley and Soybeans Beginning with the 2010 Crop Year BACKGROUND: On February 1, 2010, the Risk Management Agency (RMA) issued PM-10-005 regarding insurance coverage for specialty types of barley and soybeans based on contract prices effective for the 2010 crop year. Some questions have arisen pertaining to type identification, prevented planting, replanting, and quality adjustment. RMA is providing the following guidance when insuring specialty types. ACTION: 1. Identifying Specialty Types: There are six possible types specified in the Special Provisions of Insurance (SPOI): All Others (AO), and the five specialty types shown below with the requirements for each: a. Large seeded food grade – Soybeans commonly used for tofu, soymilk, and miso having a minimum seed size of 20g/100 seeds. b. Small seeded food grade – Soybeans commonly used for sprouts having a minimum seed size of 10g/100 seeds, or for natto soybeans having a minimum seed size of 8g/100 seeds. c. Low linolenic acid – Soybeans commonly used to produce soybean oil with a linolenic acid level of three percent or less. d. Low saturated fat - Soybeans containing 50 percent less saturated fat than conventional soybeans and are used to produce soybean oil with eight percent or less total saturated fats.
    [Show full text]