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Investigación Clínica CLINICAL and TRA NSLATIONAL INVESTIGATION Published 6 times per year. ISSN: 0034-8376 2016 VOLUME 68 / NUMBER 2 / March-April 2016 Revista de March-April Investigación Clínica CLINICAL AND TRA NSLATIONAL INVESTIGATION www.clinicalandtranslationalinvestigation.com Indexed in Latindex, PubMed and Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Aging and Disease Part II Guest Editors José A. Ávila-Funes Sara Aguilar-Navarro Revista de Investigación ClÍnica Investigación de Revista 2 68 / Number PERMANYER MÉXICO www.permanyer.com Volume Published 6 times per year. ISSN: 0034-8376 Revista de VOLUME 68 / NUMBER 2 / March-April 2016 Investigación Clínica CLINICAL AND TRA NSLATIONAL INVESTIGATION www.clinicalandtranslationalinvestigation.com Indexed in Latindex, PubMed and Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Founding Editor Associate Editors José Báez Villaseñor, M.D. Carlos Alberto Aguilar-Salinas, M.D., Ph.D. Rogelio Pérez Padilla, M.D. Jorge Alcocer Varela, M.D. Carlos Pineda Villaseñor, M.D. Norma Araceli Bobadilla Sandoval, Ph.D. Alfredo Ponce de León, M.D. Rubén Burgos-Vargas, M.D. Guillermo Ruiz Argüelles, M.D. Honorary Editor Carlos Cantú-Brito, M.D., D.Sc. José Ignacio Santos Preciado, M.D. Alessandra Carnevale Cantoni, M.D. José Sifuentes Osornio, M.D. Rubén Lisker†, M.D. Ricardo Correa-Rotter, M.D. Luis Torre-Bouscoulet, M.D. Armando Gamboa-Domínguez, M.D., Ph.D. Aldo Torre Delgadillo, M.D., M.Sc. Juan Carlos López Alvarenga, M.D., D.Sc. Armando Roberto Tovar Palacio, Ph.D. Lizbeth López Carrillo, M.Sc., Dr.P.H. M.a Teresa Tussie, M.D., Ph.D. Editor-in-Chief Magdalena Madero, M.D. Jesús Vargas Barrón, M.D. Carlos Martínez Sánchez, M.D. Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre, M.D., D.Sc. Miguel Angel Mercado, M.D. Biostatistics Adviser: Osvaldo M. Mutchinick, M.D., Ph.D. Juan Carlos López Alvarenga, M.D., D.Sc. Humberto Nicolini, M.D., D.Sc. Luis F. Oñate Ocaña, M.D. Style Corrector: Deputy Editors Lorena Orozco, M.D., Ph.D. Beatriz E. Remus, M.D. Mario Peláez Luna, M.D. Moisés Selman, M.D. Óscar Arrieta, M.D. Editorial Board Lydia Aguilar-Bryan, M.D., Ph.D. Marcia Hiriart Urdanivia, Ph.D. Leticia Ávila Burgos, M.D., Ph.D. Midori Kato-Maeda, M.D. Former Editors José Alberto Ávila-Funes, M.D., D.Sc. Fernando Larrea Gallo, M.D. † Carlos Bacino, M.D. Mauricio López Meneses, M.D. Rubén Lisker , M.D. Fernando Barinagarrementeria Aldatz, M.D. Juan Manuel Malacara, M.D. Enrique Wolpert Barraza, M.D. Hugo E. Barrera-Saldaña, Ph.D. Moisés Mercado Atri, M.D. (Assistant Editor) Jaime Belkind-Gerson, M.D. Aldo J. Montaño-Loza, M.D., D.Sc. Alvar Loria, M.Sc. (Assistant Editor) José F. Carrillo, M.D. María Montes de Oca, M.D., Ph.D. Mariana Chávez McGregor, M.D. Luis E. Morales Buenrostro, M.D., D.Sc. Gerardo Gamba, M.D., D.Sc. Emilio Córdova Alarcón, Ph.D. Rubén Niesvizky, M.D. Jorge Cortés, M.D. Marco Antonio Olivera Martínez, M.D. Alfonso Cueto Manzano, M.D., M.Sc. Luis Ostrosky-Zeichner, M.D. Percival Degrava Sampaio-Barros, M.D., Ph.D. Yigal Piña Reyna, M.D. Camilo de la Fuente, M.D., D.Sc. Jesús Ramírez Bermúdez, M.D., D.Sc. Carlos del Rio, M.D. Janine Ramsey Willoquet, Ph.D. Luis del Valle, M.D. Astrid Rassmussen, M.D., Ph.D. Miguel Divo, M.D. Manuel Rodríguez Dávalos, M.D. Andrés Duarte Rojo, M.D., D.Sc. Alberto Rubio-Tapia, M.D. Carlos Fernández del Castillo, M.D. Enrique R. Soriano Guppy, M.D. Juan Fernando Gallegos, M.D. Alejandro Sweet-Cordero, M.D. Héctor Ferral, M.D. José F. Téllez Zenteno, M.D., D.Sc. Luis Figuera Villanueva, M.D. Maite Vallejo Allendo, Ph.D. Julia T. Geyer, M.D. Cynthia Villarreal Garza, M.D., D.Sc. Diana Gómez Martín, M.D., D.Sc. Elena Zambrano González, Ph.D. Jordi Gratacós, M.D., M.Sc. Juan Carlos Zenteno, M.D., D.Sc. PERMANYER MÉXICO www.permanyer.com Revista de Investigación Clínica is the Journal of the Secretaría de Salud © 2016 current edition Secretaría de Salud Revista de Investigación Clínica is the Journal of the Secretaría de Salud and Official Journal of the National Institutes of Health of Mexico. Administration: Comisión Coordinadora de Institutos Nacionales de Salud y Hospitales de Alta Especialidad. CCINSHAE. Editorial: Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. INCMNSZ Temístocles, 315 Mallorca, 310 Col. Polanco 08037 Barcelona, Cataluña Del. Miguel Hidalgo España 11560 Ciudad de México PERMANYER MÉXICO Tel.: +34 93 207 59 20 Tel.: (044) 55 2728 5183 Fax: +34 93 457 66 42 Copyright © 2016 www.permanyer.com Printed in México [email protected] ISSN: 0034-8376 Ref.: 2931AX162 This paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Printed on acid-free paper Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of paper) All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. All the information provided and opinions expressed have not involved any verification of the findings, conclusions, and opinions by Editors and Publishers. No responsibility is assumed by Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as result of product liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Because of the rapid advances in the medical sciences, the publisher recommends that independent verification of diagnoses and drug dosages should be made. Cover figure: Senile amyloid plaques in the temporal cortex from a patient with Alzheimer's disease. Staining with Thioflavin S and acquired in a Olympus BX41 fluorescence microscope (400x). Courtesy of Braulio Martínez-Benítez, MD, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico. Revista de Investigación Clínica CLINICAL AND TRA NSLATIONAL INVESTIGATION www.clinicalandtranslationalinvestigation.com Indexed in Latindex, PubMed and Journal Citation Reports (JCR) Aging and Disease Part II Guest Editors José A. Ávila-Funes Sara Aguilar-Navarro Preface . 52 A. Ulloa-Aguirre Reviews The Role of Insulin Resistance and Glucose Metabolism Dysregulation in the Development of Alzheimer´s Disease . 53 I. Arrieta-Cruz and R. Gutiérrez-Juárez Frailty and Sarcopenia: The New Geriatric Giants . 59 J.E. Morley Aging Kidney Transplantation . 68 C.G. Musso, M.C. Giordani and N. Imperiali Aging and Pulmonary Fibrosis . 75 M. Selman, I. Buendía-Roldán and A. Pardo The Role of Immunosenescence in the Development of Age-Related Diseases . 84 T. Fülöp, G. Dupuis, J.M. Witkowski and A. Larbi Original article Predictive Value of Frailty Indices for Adverse Outcomes in Older Adults . 92 M.U. Pérez-Zepeda, M. Cesari and C. García-Peña Instructions for Authors . 99 REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA Contents available at PubMed www .clinicalandtranslationalinvestigation .com PERMANYER www.permanyer.com Rev Inves Clin. 2016;52 PREFACE Preface One of the great achievements of the twentieth century was a dramatic increase in life expectancy. In fact, during the period of 1900/1902 to 2011, life expectancy increased from 48 to 76 years in white males and from 51 to 81 years for white females in developed countries such as the USA, whereas the total deaths per 1,000 popu- lation decreased from 17.2 to 8.0 during the same period (http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0005140.html). Although this may tell us that we are on the road to immortality, the resulting economic impact on society of this rise in life expectancy can not be underestimated, not only for the increased government spending in the time of pension, but also for the alarming rise in cost and, consequently, increased spending on health care. In Part II of the thematic issues on “Aging and Disease” of this journal, several important aspects on this topic are extensively reviewed and discussed by experts in the field, including the relationship of Alzheimer’s disease with abnormalities in glucose metabolism, the problem of frailty and sarcopenia in the elderly, which the author of the review rightly called “new geriatric giants”, the important topics of aging and kidney transplantation and pulmonary fibrosis, and the diseases associated with immunosenescence. The issue closes with an original article presenting the results of a secondary longitudinal analysis of the Costa Rican Longevity and Healthy Aging Study on the value of frailty indices to predict adverse outcomes in the elderly population. We hope that the information contained in the collection of articles presented in Parts I and II of these thematic issues will be useful to the readers of our journal and that the topics discussed promote research on this transcendental area. The Editors of Revista de Investigación Clínica –Clinical and Translational Investigation– and the Guest Editors of these thematic issues want to express their appreciation to the authors for their efforts and time invested to achieve this important journal’s task as well as for providing contributions in a timely fashion. Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre Editor-in-Chief Corresponding author: Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre, M.D., D.Sc. Research Support Network UNAM-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Vasco de Quiroga 15, Colonia Sección XVI, Tlalpan C.P. 14000, Ciudad de México E-mail: [email protected] 52 REVISTA DE INVESTIGACIÓN CLÍNICA Contents available at PubMed www .clinicalandtranslationalinvestigation .com PERMANYER www.permanyer.com Rev Inves Clin. 2016;68:53-8 BRIEF REVIEW The Role of Insulin Resistance and Glucose Metabolism Dysregulation in the Development of Alzheimer´s Disease Isabel Arrieta-Cruz1* and Roger Gutiérrez-Juárez2 1Department of Basic Research, National Institute of Geriatrics, Mexico City, Mexico; 2Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA ABSTRACT Alzheimer´s disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide, characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive functions.
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