DOCSLIB.ORG

1 COLUMELLA RES RUSTICA 10: a STUDY and COMMENTARY By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 COLUMELLA RES RUSTICA 10: a STUDY and COMMENTARY By COLUMELLA RES RUSTICA 10: A STUDY AND COMMENTARY By DAVID J. WHITE A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2013 1 © 2013 David J. White 2 Uxori Carissimae Parentibusque Optimis Dicatum Sine Quibus Non 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my very supportive wife, Amanda Smith; my parents, James and Marie White; my sister, Ellen White, and brother-in-law, Bob Recny; the rest of my extended family; the many good friends who have supported and encouraged me through the years; my professors and fellow students at the University of Akron, the University of Pennsylvania, Kent State University, and the University of Florida; my colleagues in the Classics Department at Baylor University; my current and former students; and Dr. Kathryn Paterson of The Dissertation Coach. I want to extend particular thanks to the staff of the Interlibrary Services Department in the Baylor University Libraries, for all their hard work in tracking down and filling the many requests I submitted to them, and without whose efforts I would not have been able to write this thesis. For similar reasons, I want to give a special note of appreciation to the staff and contributors to Google Books, for their efforts to make older out-of-print works accessible online. I would also like to thank the members of my committee: Dr. Konstantinos Kapparis, Dr. Jennifer Rea, and Dr. Judith Page. Finally, I would like to express my deep appreciation and gratitude to my adviser, Dr. Victoria E. Pagán, who directed this project, for her willingness to work with me and for her enthusiasm for the project itself, as well as for all her suggestions, recommendations, criticisms, patience, and encouragement. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………… 4 LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………………..6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS……………………………………………………………………. 7 ABSTRACT ……………………………………………….……………………………...….…. 9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………... 10 Columella and Res Rustica 10 ……………………………………………………… 10 Approaches to Res Rustica 10 and Roman Gardens ……….…………………….12 The Res Rustica and Vergil’s Georgics …...…………………..………………….. 30 Organization and Themes of Res Rustica 10 …………………………………….. 46 The Commentary and the Text …………………………………………………….. 62 2 TRANSLATION ………………………………………………………………………. 67 3 COMMENTARY ……………………………………………………………………… 90 APPENDIX: INDEX OF PLANT NAMES ………………………………….……………... 338 LIST OF REFERENCES …………………………………………………………………... 348 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ………………………………………………………………… 364 5 LIST OF TABLES Table page 1-1 Readings in Rodgers’ text compared with readings preferred in the present translation and commentary……………………………………………….. 66 6 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Aen. Vergil, Aeneid AG Greenough, J. B. et al. ed. 2001. Allen & Greenough’s New Latin Grammar. Updated by Anne Mahoney. Newburyport, MA: Focus Publishing Col. Columella cent. Century Ecl. Vergil, Eclogues f. Feminine G. Vergil, Georgics GL Gildersleeve, B. L. and Lodge, G. 2003. Gildersleeve’s Latin Grammar, 3rd ed. Wauconda, IL: Bolchazy-Carducci LS A Latin Dictionary Founded on Andrews’ Edition of Freund’s Latin Dictionary. 1879. Rev. & ed. C. T. Lewis and C. Short. Oxford: Clarendon Press LSJ Liddell, H. G. and Scott, Robert. 1968. A Greek-English Lexicon. Rev. H. S. Jones, with supplement. Oxford: Clarendon Press m. Masculine ms. Manuscript mss. Manuscripts n. Neuter (when describing nouns); note (in citations) NP Cancik, Hubert, Schneider, Helmuth, and Landfester, Manfred, ed. 1996. Der Neue Pauly: Enzyklopädie der Antike. 16 vols. + Suppl. Stuttgart: J. B. Metzler OCD Hornblower, Simon and Spawforth, Anthony, ed. 2012. The Oxford Classical Dictionary. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press 7 OLD Oxford Latin Dictionary. 1982. Ed. P. G. W. Glare. Oxford: Clarendon Press Pr. Preface; by itself without a book number, it designates the prose preface of Res Rustica Book 10 RE Pauly, A. et al., ed. 1956-1972. Pauly’s Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft. 24 vols. Stuttgart: A. Druckenmüller Rust. Columella, Res Rustica v. Volume For Latin and Greek authors and their works, the abbreviations of the Oxford Classical Dictionary 4th ed. are used. For Latin authors and works for which the OCD does not provide abbreviations, those of the Oxford Latin Dictionary are used; for Latin authors not included in the OCD or OLD, the abbreviations of Lewis and Short’s A Latin Dictionary are used. For Greek authors and works for which OCD abbreviations are lacking, those of Liddell & Scott’s A Greek-English Lexicon (rev. Jones) are used. Several of the scientific botanical names cited include the name, often abbreviated, of the botanist who first published that plant name. The abbreviations used for these botanists’ names were standardized in Brummitt (1992); an up-to-date list is available at The International Plant Names Index (www.ipni.org). 8 Abstract of Dissertation Presented to the Graduate School of the University of Florida in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy COLUMELLA RES RUSTICA 10: A STUDY AND COMMENTARY By David J. White May 2013 Chair: Victoria E. Pagán Major: Classical Studies Columella, an agricultural writer of Spanish birth, lived and wrote during the Neronian period in the mid-first century C.E. His sole surviving complete work is Res Rustica, a compendium of instructions on agricultural lore and practice in twelve books. The work was written in prose with the exception of Book 10, which covers gardening. Columella wrote Book 10 in hexameter verse partly in homage to Vergil’s Georgics and partly as a way of completing or finishing the Georgics by adding a book about gardening; this was a subject which Vergil had briefly touched on but chose not to cover more fully, saying that he would leave it to posterity (G. 4. 147-148). The work has not received a complete commentary in English since that of Harrison Boyd Ash (1930). The present study rectifies this omission and further explores the relationship between Res Rustica 10 and the Georgics, the trope of the poet as gardener, and the identification of the plants mentioned, while also incorporating more recent scholarship in these areas. It also includes historical, mythological, and grammatical aids to the reader, who is presumed to be familiar with the Georgics. 9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Columella and Res Rustica 10 What we know of Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella is derived from his Res Rustica: born in Gades, in Spain (8. 16. 9; 10. 185),1 he was a contemporary and friend of the younger Seneca (cf. 3. 3. 3) and Seneca’s brother, Gallio (9. 16. 2)—both fellow Spaniards—and a younger contemporary of Pliny the Elder, who cites him (Plin. HN 8. 153, 15. 66, 18. 70, 18. 303). He speaks admiringly of an uncle, Marcus Columella, a successful farmer and landowner who had a farm in Baetica in Spain (2. 15. 4; 5. 5. 15; 7. 2. 4). Columella himself had farms in Italy in Caere (3. 3. 3) and in Ardea, Carseoli, and Alba (3. 9. 2). His sole surviving complete work is an exhaustive compendium of agricultural information titled Res Rustica, dedicated to a Publius Silvinus. He claims to have consulted a great many agricultural writers, Greek and Roman, prose writers and poets, when preparing it (1. 1. 1-14), though he also draws on his own experience (3. 3. 3; 3. 9. 2). A reference to an ex-consul P. Volusius, which seems to imply that he is no longer living (1. 7. 3), may refer to Lucius Volusius (RE II 3) Saturninus,2 who died in 56 C.E. (Tac. Ann. 13. 30; Plin. HN 7. 62, 156). Taken together with the reference to 1 All unattributed references are to Col.’s Res Rustica. 2 Gesner (1735, 408) reads “L. Volusium,” whom he identifies with this Lucius Volusius Saturninus; cf. Columella 1745, 38. Lundström (1917), Ash (1941), and Rodgers (2010) read “P. Volusium.” 10 Seneca, who died in 65 C.E. (Tac. Ann. 15. 60-64), as being alive and well (3. 3. 3), this gives a probable window of 56-65 C.E. for the composition of the work.3 Res Rustica consists of twelve books, all in prose except for Book 10. Book 1 discusses the general layout and organization of the farm; Book 2 describes plowing; Books 3-5 concern vines and trees; Books 6-7 deal with livestock; Books 8-9 focus on the raising of poultry, fish, game, and bees; Book 10 is a poetic book on gardening, and was perhaps originally planned as the last book; Book 11 covers gardening again and also lays out the duties of the vilicus, or overseer; and Book 12 outlines the duties of the vilica, the overseer’s wife. Many manuscripts also preserve, after Book 11, an index to the contents of Books 1-11, which is very detailed for Books 1-9.4 An additional book, De arboribus, also preserved with the text of the Res Rustica, falls between Books 2 and 3. De arboribus may be a surviving part of an earlier work by Columella or it may be the work of another author;5 in either event, it does not form part of the extant Res Rustica.6 Columella refers to another work of his, Adversus astrologos (11. 1. 31), which has not survived. Res Rustica 10 consists of 436 hexameter lines preceded by a prose Preface. Columella claims to have written it in verse at the specific urging of his addressee, Publius Silvinus, as a reply to an apparent challenge that Vergil left in the fourth book of 3 Cf. Columella (1745, ix-x): the anonymous translator concisely lays out the internal evidence in the Res Rustica for the date of its composition. 4 Henderson (2004, 7) says that this index “adds up to an extremely coherent overall reference system. One which makes Columella … the most consultable classical text to have come down to us.” 5 Richter (1972) argues on the basis of style, content, and vocabulary that De arboribus is not the work of Col.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Microfilms International 300 N
    INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)” . If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete.
    [Show full text]
  • Shell Morphology, Radula and Genital Structures of New Invasive Giant African Land
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.16.877977; this version posted December 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Shell Morphology, Radula and Genital Structures of New Invasive Giant African Land 2 Snail Species, Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822,Achatina albopicta E.A. Smith (1878) and 3 Achatina reticulata Pfeiffer 1845 (Gastropoda:Achatinidae) in Southwest Nigeria 4 5 6 7 8 9 Alexander B. Odaibo1 and Suraj O. Olayinka2 10 11 1,2Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria 12 13 Corresponding author: Alexander B. Odaibo 14 E.mail :[email protected] (AB) 15 16 17 18 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2019.12.16.877977; this version posted December 16, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 19 Abstract 20 The aim of this study was to determine the differences in the shell, radula and genital 21 structures of 3 new invasive species, Achatina fulica Bowdich, 1822,Achatina albopicta E.A. 22 Smith (1878) and Achatina reticulata Pfeiffer, 1845 collected from southwestern Nigeria and to 23 determine features that would be of importance in the identification of these invasive species in 24 Nigeria.
    [Show full text]
  • SMITH Archeologia Classica.Pdf (384.1Kb)
    NUOVA SERIE Rivista del Dipartimento di Scienze dell’antichità Sezione di Archeologia Fondatore: GIULIO Q. GIGLIOLI Direzione Scientifica MARIA CRISTINA BIELLA, ENZO LIPPOLIS, LAURA MICHETTI, GLORIA OLCESE, DOMENICO PALOMBI, MASSIMILIANO PAPINI, MARIA GRAZIA PICOZZI, FRANCESCA ROMANA STASOLLA, STEFANO TORTORELLA Direttore responsabile: DOMENICO PALOMBI Redazione: FABRIZIO SANTI, FRANCA TAGLIETTI Vol. LXVIII - n.s. II, 7 2017 «L’ERMA» di BRETSCHNEIDER - ROMA Comitato Scientifico PIERRE GROS, SYBILLE HAYNES, TONIO HÖLSCHER, METTE MOLTESEN, STÉPHANE VERGER Il Periodico adotta un sistema di Peer-Review Archeologia classica : rivista dell’Istituto di archeologia dell’Università di Roma. - Vol. 1 (1949). - Roma : Istituto di archeologia, 1949. - Ill.; 24 cm. - Annuale. - Il complemento del titolo varia. - Dal 1972: Roma: «L’ERMA» di Bretschneider. ISSN 0391-8165 (1989) CDD 20. 930.l’05 ISBN CARTACEO 978-88-913-1563-2 ISBN DIGITALE 978-88-913-1567-0 ISSN 0391-8165 © COPYRIGHT 2017 - SAPIENZA - UNIVERSITÀ DI ROMA Aut. del Trib. di Roma n. 104 del 4 aprile 2011 Volume stampato con contributo di Sapienza - Università di Roma INDICE DEL VOLUME LXVIII ARTICOLI AMBROGI A. (con un’appendice di FERRO C.), Un rilievo figurato di età tardo- repubblicana da un sepolcro dell’Appia antica ............................................... p. 143 BALDASSARRI P., Lusso privato nella tarda antichità: le piccole terme di Palazzo Valentini e un pavimento in opus sectile con motivi complessi...................... » 245 BARATTA G., Falere tardo-antiche ispaniche con quattro passanti angolari: aggiornamenti e ipotesi sulla funzionalità del tipo ......................................... » 289 BARBERA M., Prime ipotesi su una placchetta d’avorio dal Foro Romano .......... » 225 COATES-STEPHENS R., Statue museums in Late Antique Rome ........................... » 309 GATTI S., Tradizione ellenistica e sperimentazione italica: l’Aula Absidata nel foro di Praeneste ............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Images of Water” That Will Introduce Us to a Wide Range of Expressive Landscapes
    THEMATIC ROUTES Images Water, the archetypal and essential human resource par excellence, has been depicted in all cultures since the dawn of humanity up to the present of Water day. Its wide range of symbolic, sociological, literary and aesthetic Esther Moñivas Mayor connotations within the history of Western painting means that it can be approached from the viewpoint of numerous different issues. These include man’s relationship with nature and conquest of it, our vulnerable position midway between the fertility and destruction that give rise to natural resources, spirituality and ancestral rites associated with the elements, the relationship between water and the female, and pure enjoyment of its contemplation. The present tour of the Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection spans the 14th to the 20th centuries through a selection of “images of water” that will introduce us to a wide range of expressive landscapes. We will be seeing lakes, with their reflections that so fascinated painters, springs and rivers associated with biblical and mythological stories, unknown seas or ones whose raging waters have tested the courage of seafarers to the limit, majestic winter landscapes, ports and scenes of leisure activities. These are just a few of the themes that the painters in question have bequeathed to us, inviting us to reflect on and look at water in the context of our daily surroundings in a new way. ROOM 1 our survey begins in the medieval period with the aim of appreciating the LORENZO VENEZIANO sacred significance that water had within Active between 1356 and 1372 Christian religious symbolism. Portable Triptych of the Crucifixion: All the great civilisations of the ancient The Crucifixion (central panel), world grew up around river basins.
    [Show full text]
  • Manual of Mythology
    ^93 t.i CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY GIFT OF HENRY BEZIAT IN MEMORY OF ANDRE AND KATE BRADLEY BEZIAT 1944 Cornell University Library BL310 .M98 1893 and Rom No Manual of mythology. Greek « Cornell University S Library The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924029075542 'f' liiiiiliilM^^ ^ M^ISTU^L MYTHOLOGY: GREEK AND ROMAN, NORSE, AND OLD GERMAN, HINDOO AND EGYPTIAN MYTHOLOGY. BY ALEXANDER S. MURRAY, DEPARTMENT OF GREEK AND ROMAN ANTIQUITIES, BRITISH MUSEUM- REPRINTED FROM THE SECOND REVISED LONDON EDITION. •WITH 45 PLATES ON TINTED PAPER, REPRESENTING MORE THAN 90 MYTHOLOGICAL SUBJECTS. NEW YORK: CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS, 1893. ; PUBLISHERS' NOTE. Murray's Manual of Mythology has been known to the American public thus far only through the English edition. As originally published, the work was deficient in its account of the Eastern and Northern Mythology; but with these imperfections it secured a sale in this country which proved that it more nearly supplied the want which had long been felt of a compact hand-book in this study than did any other similar work. The preface to the second English edition indicates the important additions to, and changes which have been made in, the original work. Chapters upon the North- ern and Eastern Mythology have been supplied ; the descrip- tions of many of the Greek deities have been re-written accounts of the most memorable works of art, in which each deity is or was represented, have been added ; and a number iii IV PUBLISHERS NOTE.
    [Show full text]
  • Entre Ombre Et Lumière : Les Voix Féminines Dans Les Métamorphoses
    Entre ombre et lumière : les voix féminines dans les Métamorphoses Hélène Vial Fondée sur l’articulation entre les passions des âmes et les métamorphoses des corps, l’esthétique des Métamorphoses d’Ovide délivre à la fois une vision audacieuse du monde et une conception neuve de l’entreprise poétique, le texte ovidien étant investi d’une très forte dimension réflexive due notamment à la correspondance exacte entre son sujet, la métamorphose, et sa forme, une écriture de la variation1. Or, la densité métalittéraire du poème est particulièrement grande dans les passages où se trouvent associés deux motifs qui constituent le sujet même du présent volume : celui de la voix et celui de la féminité. D’une part, la question de la voix est centrale dans les Métamorphoses ; d’autre part, les mythes féminins y sont très nombreux et d’une grande richesse symbolique ; et quand le poète relie l’une aux autres, la voix féminine apparaît dotée d’une capacité particulièrement saillante « à être inductric[e] de poésie », comme le disait l’appel à communication du séminaire qui a donné naissance à ce livre2, autrement dit à faire signe vers l’écriture et à parler du projet poétique dans son entier. C’est cette capacité qui constitue l’objet de mon analyse : dans la foule des silhouettes mythiques qui traversent les Métamorphoses et dont la voix nous est donnée à entendre, y a-t- il une spécificité féminine ? Et plus précisément, que nous disent sur la conception ovidienne de la poésie les paroles prononcées par ces figures féminines de l’ombre et du mystère3
    [Show full text]
  • Iambic Metapoetics in Horace, Epodes 8 and 12 Erika Zimmerman Damer University of Richmond, [email protected]
    University of Richmond UR Scholarship Repository Classical Studies Faculty Publications Classical Studies 2016 Iambic Metapoetics in Horace, Epodes 8 and 12 Erika Zimmerman Damer University of Richmond, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.richmond.edu/classicalstudies-faculty- publications Part of the Classical Literature and Philology Commons Recommended Citation Damer, Erika Zimmermann. "Iambic Metapoetics in Horace, Epodes 8 and 12." Helios 43, no. 1 (2016): 55-85. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Classical Studies at UR Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Classical Studies Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of UR Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Iambic Metapoetics in Horace, Epodes 8 and 12 ERIKA ZIMMERMANN DAMER When in Book 1 of his Epistles Horace reflects back upon the beginning of his career in lyric poetry, he celebrates his adaptation of Archilochean iambos to the Latin language. He further states that while he followed the meter and spirit of Archilochus, his own iambi did not follow the matter and attacking words that drove the daughters of Lycambes to commit suicide (Epist. 1.19.23–5, 31).1 The paired erotic invectives, Epodes 8 and 12, however, thematize the poet’s sexual impotence and his disgust dur- ing encounters with a repulsive sexual partner. The tone of these Epodes is unmistakably that of harsh invective, and the virulent targeting of the mulieres’ revolting bodies is precisely in line with an Archilochean poetics that uses sexually-explicit, graphic obscenities as well as animal compari- sons for the sake of a poetic attack.
    [Show full text]
  • A Story of Five Amazons Brunilde S
    Bryn Mawr College Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology Faculty Classical and Near Eastern Archaeology Research and Scholarship 1974 A Story of Five Amazons Brunilde S. Ridgway Bryn Mawr College, [email protected] Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.brynmawr.edu/arch_pubs Part of the Classical Archaeology and Art History Commons, and the History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons Custom Citation Ridgway, Brunilde S. 1974. A Story of Five Amazons. American Journal of Archaeology 78:1-17. This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. http://repository.brynmawr.edu/arch_pubs/79 For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Story of Five Amazons* BRUNILDE SISMONDO RIDGWAY PLATES 1-4 THEANCIENT SOURCE dam a sua quisqueiudicassent. Haec est Polycliti, In a well-knownpassage of his book on bronze proximaab ea Phidiae, tertia Cresilae,quarta Cy- sculpturePliny tells us the story of a competition donis, quinta Phradmonis." among five artists for the statue of an Amazon This texthas been variously interpreted, emended, (Pliny NH 34.53): "Venereautem et in certamen and supplementedby trying to identifyeach statue laudatissimi,quamquam diversis aetatibusgeniti, mentionedby Pliny among the typesextant in our quoniamfecerunt Amazonas, quae cum in templo museums. It may thereforebe useful to review Dianae Ephesiaedicarentur, placuit eligi probatis- brieflythe basicpoints made by the passage,before simam ipsorum artificum, qui praesenteserant examining the sculpturalcandidates. iudicio,cum apparuitearn esse quam omnes secun- i) The Competition.The mention of a contest * The following works will be quoted in abbreviated form: von Bothmer D.
    [Show full text]
  • Age, Growth, Size at Sexual Maturity and Reproductive Biology of Channeled Whelk, Busycotypus Canaliculatus, in the U.S
    Age, Growth, Size at Sexual Maturity and Reproductive Biology of Channeled Whelk, Busycotypus canaliculatus, in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic October 2015 Robert A. Fisher Virginia Institute of Marine Science Virginia Sea Grant-Affiliated Extension (In cooperation with Bernie’s Conchs) Robert A. Fisher Marine Advisory Services Virginia Institute of Marine Science P.O. Box 1346 Gloucester Point, VA 23062 804/684-7168 [email protected] www.vims.edu/adv VIMS Marine Resource Report No. 2015-15 VSG-15-09 Additional copies of this publication are available from: Virginia Sea Grant Communications Virginia Institute of Marine Science P.O. Box 1346 Gloucester Point, VA 23062 804/684-7167 [email protected] Cover Photo: Robert Fisher, VIMS MAS This work is affiliated with the Virginia Sea Grant Program, by NOAA Office of Sea Grant, U.S. Depart- ment of Commerce, under Grant No. NA10OAR4170085. The views expressed herein do not necessar- ily reflect the views of any of those organizations. Age, Growth, Size at Sexual Maturity and Reproductive Biology of Channeled Whelk, Busycotypus canaliculatus, in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Final Report for the Virginia Fishery Resource Grant Program Project 2009-12 Abstract The channeled whelk, Busycotypus canaliculatus, was habitats, though mixing is observed inshore along shallow sampled from three in-shore commercially harvested waters of continental shelf. Channeled whelks are the resource areas in the US Mid-Atlantic: off Ocean City, focus of commercial fisheries throughout their range (Davis Maryland (OC); Eastern Shore of Virginia (ES); and and Sisson 1988, DiCosimo 1988, Bruce 2006, Fisher and Virginia Beach, Virginia (VB).
    [Show full text]
  • Water and Wine As Symbols of Inspiration by Nb
    WATER AND WINE AS SYMBOLS OF INSPIRATION BY N. B. CROWTHER It has long been suggested that drinking from holy streams (or founts) in Greek and Roman poetry symbolized different approaches to poetic endeavour: Maass 1), followed by Wilamowitz 2) and Kroll 3), for example, believed that epic poets drank from Hippo- crene, elegiac poets from Aganippe. Yet the evidence for assigning specific functions to these streams will be seen to be rarely clear-cut, if at all. The related problem of the "debate" between the water- drinkers and wine-drinkers seems equally complex. Can we see the drinking from streams in Roman poetry as symbolic for the initia- tion of the poet, or acceptance by him, of Alexandrian, i.e. Calli- machean poetry? It is certainly a feature which permeates the writing of many of the major Roman poets, and therefore is of considerable importance in the literary development of these authors. The first Greek author to speak of holy streams is Hesiod, who names Hippocrene, Permessus and Olmeus on Helicon as bathing- places of the Muses (Theogony I ff.) 4) ; he seems also to mention a 1) E. Maass, Untersuchungen zu Properz, Hermes 31(1896), 375 ff. 2) U. von Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Hellenistische Dichtung, II (Berlin 1924), 95. 3) W. Kroll, Studien zum Verständnis der römischen Literatur (Stuttgart 1964. First publ. 1924), 29. 4) For Hippocrene, see E. Sittig-F. Bölte, Hippokrene, RE VIII 2 (1913), 1853-57; for references to Permessus, cf. Nic. Ther, 12 ; Strab. 407, 411 ; Virg. Ecl. VI 64 ; Prop. II 10, 26 ; Stat.
    [Show full text]
  • THE APOXYOMENOS of LYSIPPUS. in the Hellenic Journal for 1903
    THE APOXYOMENOS OF LYSIPPUS. IN the Hellenic Journal for 1903, while publishing some heads of Apollo, I took occasion to express my doubts as to the expediency of hereafter taking the Apoxyomenos as the norm of the works of Lysippus. These views, how- ever, were not expressed in any detail, and occurring at the end of a paper devoted to other matters, have not attracted much attention from archaeolo- gists. The subject is of great importance, since if my contention be justified, much of the history of Greek sculpture in the fourth century will have to be reconsidered. Being still convinced of the justice of the view which I took two years ago, I feel bound to bring it forward in more detail and with a fuller statement of reasons. Our knowledge of many of the sculptors of the fourth century, Praxiteles, Scopas, Bryaxis, Timotheus, and others, has been enormously enlarged during the last thirty years through our discovery of works proved by documentary evidence to have been either actually executed by them, or at least made under their direction. But in the case of Lysippus no such discovery was made until the very important identification of the Agias at Delphi as a copy of a statue by this master. Hitherto we had been content to take the Apoxyomenos as the best indication of Lysippic style ; and apparently few archaeologists realized how slender was the evidence on which its assignment to Lysippus was based. That assignment took place many years ago, when archaeological method was lax ; and it has not been subjected to sufficiently searching criticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Études De Linguistique Italienne 2 La Représentation Spatiale Dans Le Système De Langue Italien Sophie Saffi, Virginie Culoma Sauva, Ahlem Guiga, Katiuscia Floriani
    Études de linguistique italienne 2 La représentation spatiale dans le système de langue italien Sophie Saffi, Virginie Culoma Sauva, Ahlem Guiga, Katiuscia Floriani To cite this version: Sophie Saffi, Virginie Culoma Sauva, Ahlem Guiga, Katiuscia Floriani. Études de linguistique italienne 2 La représentation spatiale dans le système de langue italien. 2019. hal-02880280 HAL Id: hal-02880280 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02880280 Submitted on 25 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Études de linguistique italienne 2 La représentation spatiale dans le système de langue italien Sous la direction de : Sophie Saffi U. R. Centre Aixois d’Études Romanes, Aix Marseille Université Referenţi ştiinţifici: Prof. univ. dr. Alvaro Rocchetti, Université Paris 3 Sorbonne Nouvelle Prof. univ. dr. Louis Begioni, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata" Conf. univ. dr. Ştefan Gencărău, Universitatea „Babeş-Bolyai”, Cluj Napoca L’illustration de couverture est l’œuvre de Saad Saffi. Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României SAFFI, SOPHIE Études de linguistique italienne / Sophie Saffi. - Cluj-Napoca: Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2010- vol. ISBN 978-973-595-101-6 Vol. 2 : La représentation spatiale dans le système de langue italien / Sophie Saffi en collaboration avec Virginie Culoma Sauva, Katiuscia Floriani, Ahlem Guiga, Oana Aurelia Gencărău.
    [Show full text]