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The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth As a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity*
Chapter 8 The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity* Satoshi Koyama Introduction The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita) was one of the largest states in early modern Europe. In the second half of the sixteenth century, after the union of Lublin (1569), the Polish-Lithuanian state covered an area of 815,000 square kilometres. It attained its greatest extent (990,000 square kilometres) in the first half of the seventeenth century. On the European continent there were only two larger countries than Poland-Lithuania: the Grand Duchy of Moscow (c.5,400,000 square kilometres) and the European territories of the Ottoman Empire (840,000 square kilometres). Therefore the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the largest country in Latin-Christian Europe in the early modern period (Wyczański 1973: 17–8). In this paper I discuss the internal diversity of the Commonwealth in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and consider how such a huge territorial complex was politically organised and integrated. * This paper is a part of the results of the research which is grant-aided by the ‘Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research’ program of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science in 2005–2007. - 137 - SATOSHI KOYAMA 1. The Internal Diversity of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Poland-Lithuania before the union of Lublin was a typical example of a composite monarchy in early modern Europe. ‘Composite state’ is the term used by H. G. Koenigsberger, who argued that most states in early modern Europe had been ‘composite states, including more than one country under the sovereignty of one ruler’ (Koenigsberger, 1978: 202). -
DIJ-Mono 63 Utomo.Book
Monographien Herausgegeben vom Deutschen Institut für Japanstudien Band 63, 2019 Franziska Utomo Tokyos Aufstieg zur Gourmet-Weltstadt Eine kulturhistorische Analyse Monographien aus dem Deutschen Institut für Japanstudien Band 63 2019 Monographien Band 63 Herausgegeben vom Deutschen Institut für Japanstudien der Max Weber Stiftung – Deutsche Geisteswissenschaftliche Institute im Ausland Direktor: Prof. Dr. Franz Waldenberger Anschrift: Jochi Kioizaka Bldg. 2F 7-1, Kioicho Chiyoda-ku Tokyo 102-0094, Japan Tel.: (03) 3222-5077 Fax: (03) 3222-5420 E-Mail: [email protected] Homepage: http://www.dijtokyo.org Umschlagbild: Quelle: Franziska Utomo, 2010. Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Dissertation der Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 2018 ISBN 978-3-86205-051-2 © IUDICIUM Verlag GmbH München 2019 Alle Rechte vorbehalten Druck: Totem, Inowrocław ISBN 978-3-86205-051-2 www.iudicium.de Inhaltsverzeichnis INHALTSVERZEICHNIS DANKSAGUNG . 7 SUMMARY: GOURMET CULTURE IN JAPAN – A NATION OF GOURMETS AND FOODIES. 8 1EINLEITUNG . 13 1.1 Forschungsfrage und Forschungsstand . 16 1.1.1 Forschungsfrage . 16 1.1.2 Forschungsstand . 20 1.1.2.1. Deutsch- und englischsprachige Literatur . 20 1.1.2.2. Japanischsprachige Literatur. 22 1.2 Methode und Quellen . 25 1.3 Aufbau der Arbeit . 27 2GOURMETKULTUR – EINE THEORETISCHE ANNÄHERUNG. 30 2.1 Von Gastronomen, Gourmets und Foodies – eine Begriffs- geschichte. 34 2.2 Die Distinktion . 39 2.3 Die Inszenierung: Verstand, Ästhetik und Ritual . 42 2.4 Die Reflexion: Profession, Institution und Spezialisierung . 47 2.5 Der kulinarische Rahmen . 54 3DER GOURMETDISKURS DER EDOZEIT: GRUNDLAGEN WERDEN GELEGT . -
900 Years Young ISBN 978-3-9819717-4-3
MAGAZINE FOR EXPLORERS AND LOVERS OF THE FINER THINGS IN LIFE 900 years young 978-3-9819717-4-3 ISBN EDITION 2020 2 Nominal price €3.50 Dear Readers The year 2020 marks a proud milestone for Freiburg that gives us pause to take stock of the past, consider our present and look ahead to our future. Tradition and deep historical ties may be rooted in the city’s spirit, but Freiburg is “900 years young” at heart! — Visible traces of history meld with a vibrant life in the here and now: Even though the clocks in the sunny southwest may have always run at a slightly different pace, time has by no means stood still here, which is evident in Freiburg wherever you look. The most beautiful spire in Christendom col- lides with the avant-garde architecture of a new university library, the tranquil activity on Münsterplatz (Cathedral Square) collides with the bus- tling atmosphere on Platz der Alten Synagoge (Old Synagogue Square) and a charming medieval and “Little Venice” flair collides with Freiburg’s lead- ing international role as a green city. As the warmest holiday spot in the tripoint area, where the borders of Germany, France and Switzerland con- verge, Freiburg combines an unbeatable climate with the best of all worlds and has leapt to the top of the most popular cities in Germany. As befits the anniversary year, this issue reveals just how well opposites go together here, where an appreciation of tradition pairs with a spirit of innovation, local pride with a cosmopolitan mindset and verve with an easygoing na- ture. -
Robbe & Berking-Restaurantführer 2015
★★★ THE BEST RESTAURANTS AND HOTELS 2015 ★★★ Robbe & Berking Restaurant Guide 2015 ★★★ Dear readers, The combination of fi ne cuisine and exclusive silver is an experience for the senses which Robbe & Berking has been devoting itself to for more than 140 years. For the taste buds and nose, the skill of a perfect, gourmet meal. For the hands and eyes, the aesthetics of our silver. Together with the special atmosphere of a special restaurant: All of these factors come together to create the very best, which we present to you each year in our small restaurant guide. This year’s edition features 208 top addresses. Our time is too valuable to spend it in a bad restaurant. Visit the best and enjoy it. Yours, Oliver Berking 2 3 Hermitage 140 years after the opening of its fi rst silver workshop Robbe & Berking is re-launching its anniversary cutlery in 2014 – a design which is one of the most traditional and most beautiful of this long-established manu factory. The Robbe & Berking typical manual hammering technique makes each work unique. No piece is the same as any other. 4 5 ★ Courtier Weissenhaus Embedded in a wonderful landscape, inside the castle and right in the middle of Weissenhaus, the guest will fi nd the gourmet restaurant “Courtier”, named after the very painter of battles. Here you will enjoy Alexander Dehn’s and Hannes Graurock’s cooking that is of high quality, cosmopolitan and cool. Local products as well as from all over the world are the basis of a refi ned four- or six-course menu that reaches from being attached to home- up to international food, and which will turn any evening at the Courtier’s into an unforgettable experience. -
Okakura Kakuzō's Art History: Cross-Cultural Encounters
Asian Review of World Histories 2:1 (January 2014), 17-45 © 2014 The Asian Association of World Historians doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.12773/arwh.2014.2.1.017 Okakura Kakuzō’s Art History: Cross-Cultural Encounters, Hegelian Dialectics and Darwinian Evolution Masako N. RACEL Kennesaw State University Kennesaw, United States [email protected] Abstract Okakura Kakuzō (1863-1913), the founder of the Japan Art Institute, is best known for his proclamation, “Asia is One.” This phrase in his book, The Ideals of the East, and his connections to Bengali revolutionaries resulted in Okakura being remembered as one of Japan’s foremost Pan-Asianists. He did not, how- ever, write The Ideals of the East as political propaganda to justify Japanese aggression; he wrote it for Westerners as an exposition of Japan’s aesthetic heritage. In fact, he devoted much of his life to the preservation and promotion of Japan’s artistic heritage, giving lectures to both Japanese and Western audi- ences. This did not necessarily mean that he rejected Western philosophy and theories. A close examination of his views of both Eastern and Western art and history reveals that he was greatly influenced by Hegel’s notion of dialectics and the evolutionary theories proposed by Darwin and Spencer. Okakura viewed cross-cultural encounters to be a catalyst for change and saw his own time as a critical point where Eastern and Western history was colliding, caus- ing the evolution of both artistic cultures. Key words Okakura Kakuzō, Okakura Tenshin, Hegel, Darwin, cross-cultural encounters, Meiji Downloaded from Brill.com10/02/2021 09:32:22PM via free access 18 | ASIAN REVIEW OF WORLD HISTORIES 2:1 (JANUARY 2014) In 1902, a man dressed in an exotic cloak and hood was seen travel- ing in India. -
MD-Document-F87c6290-5363-47A3
PRZYSTAWKI I ZUPY Vorspeisen und Suppen Chleb ze smalcem...................................................................................... 1,90 € Brot mit hausgemachtem Schmalz Biała kiełbasa z musztardą............................................................................ 3,40 € Polnische Weißwurst mit Senf Zupa pomidorowa domowa............................................................................ 3,40 € Tomatensuppe nach Art des Hauses Żurek staropolski z ziemniakami...........................................................................................................3,90 € Sauermehlsuppe mit Wurst, Kartoffeln und Ei Barszcz czerwony z pierogami (2szt. z mięsem)........................................ 3,40 € Rote-Beete Suppe mit zwei Teigtaschen (Fleischfüllung) Barszcz czerwony do picia............................................................................ 2,40 € Rote-Beete Suppe zum trinken Flaki wołowe....................................................................................................... 3,90 € Traditionelle Kuttelsuppe mit Pansenfleisch Rosół domowy z makaronem (tylko w niedzielę)............................................. 3,40 € Hausgemachte Hühnerbrühe mit Nudeln (Nur Sonntags) Tatar z wołowiny.............................................................................................. 4,90 € Tatar vom Rind PIEROGI Gefüllte Teigtaschen (Spezialität des Hauses) normale große Portion Portion Pierogi z mięsem wieprzowym.................................................................................................7,90 -
Religion and Culture
Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 40/2: 355–375 © 2013 Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture review article Constructing Histories, Thinking Ritual Gatherings, and Rereading “Native” Religion A Review of Recent Books Published in Japanese on Premodern Japanese Religion (Part Two) Brian O. Ruppert Histories of Premodern Japanese Religion We can start with Yoshida Kazuhiko’s 吉田一彦 Kodai Bukkyō o yominaosu 古代仏 教 をよみ なお す (Tokyo: Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 2006), since it seems in many ways like a founder and precursor of the range of works written recently concerning early and, to some extent, medieval Japanese religion. Yoshida, who has long attempted to overcome common misconceptions concerning early Buddhism, succinctly tries to correct the public’s “common sense” (jōshiki 常識). Highlights include clarifications, including reference to primary and secondary sources that “Shōtoku Taishi” is a historical construction rather than a person, and even the story of the destruction of Buddhist images is based primarily on continental Buddhist sources; “popular Buddhism” does not begin in the Kamakura period, since even the new Kamakura Buddhisms as a group did not become promi- nent until the late fifteenth century; discourses on kami-Buddha relations in Japan were originally based on Chinese sources; for early Japanese Buddhists (including Saichō, Kūkai, and so on), Japan was a Buddhist country modeling Brian O. Ruppert is an associate professor in the Department of East Asian Languages and Cul- tures, University of Illinois. 355 356 | Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 40/2 (2013) its Buddhism on the continent; and the term for the sovereign tennō, written as “heavenly thearch” 天皇, was based on Chinese religious sources and only used from the late seventh century. -
Black Forest Black Forest
Black Forest Black Forest A BCDEFGH 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 All locations and regions, listed alphabetically 7 7 PLAN PAGE PLAN PAGE Impressum Black Forest 4-15 St. BlasierLand D12/E13 29 (Dachsberg, Häusern, Höchenschwand, Ibach, St.Blasien- Herausgeber Cities & villages 22-39 Menzenschwand, Weilheim) Bad Bellingen A12 35 Todtmoos C12 39 Bad Liebenzell H3 31 Schwarzwald Tourismus GmbH Wolfach/Oberwolfach E7 39 8 8 Baden-Baden E3 35 Ludwigstraße 23 Baiersbronn E/F6 35 Zweitälerland D8/C9 39 79104 Freiburg Blumberg F/G11 36 (Biederbach, Elzach, Gutach im Breisgau, Simonswald, Tel.: + 49 (0) 761.896460 Bühl-Bühlertal D/E4 36 Waldkirch, Winden im Elztal) Fax: + 49 (0) 761.8964670 Dornstetten F6 36 [email protected] Donaueschingen und Hüfingen F10 22 www.schwarzwald-tourismus.info Enztal F/G3 32 All forms of accommodation 9 9 (Bad Wildbad, Enzklösterle, Höfen) Hotels and guesthouses 40-60 Geschäftsführer: Christopher Krull Ferienland im Schwarzwald E9 37 Apartments and holiday rentals 46, 61-64 (Furtwangen, Schönwald, Schonach, St. Georgen, Triberg) Projektleitung: Jochen Laufer, Sascha Hotz/Berg- Freiburg C10 37 werk Marketing Freudenstadt und Lossburg F6 23 Redaktion: STG 10 10 Hochschwarzwald D/E10/11 24 (Breitnau, Eisenbach, Feldberg, Friedenweiler, Fotonachweis: Hinterzarten, Lenzkirch, Löffingen, St. Märgen, St. Peter, Düpper, Eberle/qu-int, Hotel Auerhahn Schluch- Schluchsee,Titisee-Neustadt) More information and reservations: see, Raach, Spiegelhalter, Erdenbrink, U. Klumpp Hornberg E8 37 (S.6), Archiv der STG sowie der -
Meat Products and Consumption Culture in the East
Meat Science 86 (2010) 95–102 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Meat Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/meatsci Review Meat products and consumption culture in the East Ki-Chang Nam a, Cheorun Jo b, Mooha Lee c,d,⁎ a Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742 Republic of Korea b Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 305-764 Republic of Korea c Division of Animal and Food Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921 Republic of Korea d Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, 463-746 Republic of Korea article info abstract Article history: Food consumption is a basic activity necessary for survival of the human race and evolved as an integral part Received 29 January 2010 of mankind's existence. This not only includes food consumption habits and styles but also food preparation Received in revised form 19 March 2010 methods, tool development for raw materials, harvesting and preservation as well as preparation of food Accepted 8 April 2010 dishes which are influenced by geographical localization, climatic conditions and abundance of the fauna and flora. Food preparation, trade and consumption have become leading factors shaping human behavior and Keywords: developing a way of doing things that created tradition which has been passed from generation to generation Meat-based products Food culture making it unique for almost every human niche in the surface of the globe. Therefore, the success in The East understanding the culture of other countries or ethnic groups lies in understanding their rituals in food consumption customs. -
Dynamika Rozwoju Gwar Słowiańskich W XXI Wieku
Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk Dynamika rozwoju gwar słowiańskich w XXI wieku Dynamika rozwoju gwar słowiańskich w XXI wieku DIALEKTOLOGIA SŁOWIAŃSKA TOM II pod redakcją Doroty K. Rembiszewskiej KOMITET ORGANIZACYJNY KONFERENCJI Dynamika gwar słowiańskich w XXI wieku w kontekście dziedzictwa narodo- wego i kulturowego, Warszawa, 11–13.06.2015 r., zorganizowanej przez Fundację Slawistyczną, Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk przy współudziale Instytutu Slawistyki Zachodniej i Południowej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego w Warszawie. dr hab. Dorota Krystyna Rembiszewska, prof. IS PAN Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa, przewodnicząca komitetu organizacyjnego mgr Elżbieta Aftowicz Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Warszawa, sekretarz komitetu organizacyjnego dr Jerzy Gmitruk Muzeum Historii Polskiego Ruchu Ludowego, Warszawa prof. dr hab. Zbigniew Greń Instytut Slawistyki Zachodniej i Południowej, Uniwersytet Warszawski dr hab. Irena Jaros, prof. UŁ Zakład Dialektologii Polskiej i Logopedii, Uniwersytet Łódzki prof. dr hab. Halina Karaś Zakład Historii Języka Polskiego i Dialektologii, Uniwersytet Warszawski doc. dr Karmen Kenda-Jež Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša, Ljubljana prof. dr Motoki Nomachi Hokkaido University Graduate School of Letters, Sapporo prof. dr hab. Janusz Siatkowski Instytut Slawistyki Zachodniej i Południowej, Uniwersytet Warszawski dr hab. Kazimierz Sikora Katedra Historii Języka i Dialektologii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Kraków -
TREHA-As-A-Functional-Seasoning
asas aa functionalfunctional seasoningseasoning Discover what Trehalose can do – Flourishing possibility of culinary applications TREHATM is a trademark for Trehalose, which is enzymati- cally produced from starch. Trehalose is naturally found in commonly consumed food items such as mushrooms and seaweed, providing 38% of sweetness of sugar. Not only maintaining stability and freshness, TREHATM can improve the flavor, color and texture of cooked food items. For vegetables!! For cooked rice!! Makes fluffy cooked rice and Maintains fresh texture and prevents discoloration during prevents discoloration heated storage SnapSSnap peas:peas: 3030 minutesmiinuttes afterafftter preparationpreparattiion 24 hourshours afterafter heatedheated storagestorage With TREHAATM Without TREHAATM With TREHAATM Without TREHAATM For meats!! For eggs!! Prevents dryness and Creates smooth, fluffy texture maintains tenderness without causing inconsistent air pockets. Kara-age:KKara-age: 2 hourshhours afterafftter preparationpreparattiion DashimakiDDashhiimakki tamagottamago (rolled(rolledd panpan friedfriiedd egg)egg) With TREHATM Without TREHATM With TREHATM Without TREHATM TREHA is a trademark for trehalose and a registered trademark of Hayashibara in Japan, the U.S. and other countries. It is the customers' responsibility to determine that the ingredient meets all legal requirements in the countries where it is used, and that it does not infringe on any third party patents. http://www.intl.hayashibara.co.jp/ TREHATM Culinary applications SATOIMO NO NIKOROGASHI ( taro potato simmered in soy sauce and broth): AddAdd 11.5%.5% TREHATREHATMTM toto thethe dashidashi (broth).(broth). 1 tablespoon of TREHATM=10 g 1 teaspoon of TREHATM=3 g EXAMPLEEXAMPLE : UseUse 1 tablespoontablespoon ofof TREHATREHATMTM withwith 3 11/2/2 cupscups ofof ddashiashi (broth),(broth), 4 tablespoonstablespoons ofof soysoy saucesauce andand 3 tablespoonstablespoons ofof sugarsugar andand COOKED RICE AND SUSHI RICE : AddAdd 22%% TTREHAREHATMTM ttoo 1 ttablespoonablespoon ofof mirin.mirin. -
Zalacznik1.Pdf (193,7KB PDF)
Załącznik do ogłoszenia Ministra Rolnictwa i Rozwoju Wsi z dnia ………….. 2013 r. (poz. …..) Wykaz produktów tradycyjnych wpisanych na listę produktów tradycyjnych* WOJEWÓDZTWO DOLNOŚLĄSKIE Sery i inne produkty mleczne Ser zgorzelecki Ser kozi łomnicki Kamiennogórski ser pleśniowy Mięso świeże oraz produkty mięsne Świnka pieczona po zaciszańsku Słonina marynowana z Niemczy Mięso w kawałkach niemczańskie domowe Szynka wieprzowa niemczańska Kiełbasa niemczańska Kiełbasa galicjanka z Niemczy Przysmak wołyński z Niemczy Produkty rybołówstwa, w tym ryby Karp milicki Pstrąg kłodzki Orzechy, nasiona, zboża, warzywa i owoce (przetworzone i nie) Ogórki konserwowe ścinawskie Ogórki kwaszone ślężańskie Kapusta kwaszona ślężańska Wyroby piekarnicze i cukiernicze Begle Chleb gogołowicki Ciasto z kruszonką z Ziemi Kłodzkiej Chleb chłopski z Rogowa Sobóckiego Chleb żytni domowy z Pomocnego Chleb pszenno-żytni na zakwasie z Pomocnego Miodowe pierniczki z Przemkowa Oleje i tłuszcze (masło, margaryna itp.) Masło tradycyjne Miody Miód wrzosowy z Borów Dolnośląskich Wielokwiatowy miód z Doliny Baryczy Sudecki miód gryczany Sudecki miód wielokwiatowy Miód lipowy krupiec z Ziemi Ząbkowickiej Gotowe dania i potrawy Keselica / kysielnica / kysyłycia Śląskie niebo Czarne gołąbki krużewnickie Napoje (alkoholowe i bezalkoholowe) Juha – kompot z suszonych owoców Wino śląskie Piwo książęce z Lwówka * Wykaz zawiera produkty tradycyjne, które zostały wpisane na listę produktów tradycyjnych do dnia 28 lutego 2013 r. Tłoczony sok jabłkowy z Lutyni Jabłecznik trzebnicki