The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth As a Political Space: Its Unity and Complexity*
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Poland and the UK – a Comparative Study Term: Autumn
Springwood School Medium Term Planning Topic: Poland and the UK – a comparative study Term: Autumn Pre Formal Semi Formal Formal Suggested Activities Suggested Activities Suggested Activities 1 Experience a range of foods from Poland and Explore and recognise a range of foods from Investigate different Traditional UK and the UK. Record responses and likes/dislikes. Poland and the UK. Polish foods. Discuss and understand the Food similarities and differences. Explore a range of foods from Poland and the Taste a range of traditional Polish and UK dishes. UK with our senses – smell, touch and taste. Use a variety of ways to communicate to show Use a range of traditional Polish and UK foods Observe and record responses and likes/dislikes. as a basis for different activities. likes/dislikes. Use traditional ingredients to make items from Investigate which foods are traditional Polish Make a range of traditional Polish or UK foods both countries that are similar, eg traditional and traditional UK, particularly linked to that are sensory in nature– compare and soup – compare and contrast. Christmas. contrast, eg breads. Explore different foods that are traditionally Design a traditional UK or traditional Polish Link to traditional foods that are eaten during eaten at Christmas in both countries. Use as a menu. Christmas time in both countries – taste, basis for writing and creative work. touch, smell a range of these foods. Visit a local Polish food shop to investigate Make own representations through cookery Set up a role play café area in class linked to both the type of foods that are traditionally eaten. -
Campaign Book of the European Year of Languages 2001
Campaign Book of the European Year of Languages 2001 Modern Languages Division Council of Europe Strasbourg November 2001 2 Introduction This ‘Campaign Book’ of the European Year of Languages 2001 has been prepared by the Secretariat (Modern Languages Division, Strasbourg) so as to provide a general overview of how the aims of the Year are being realised in practice at European, national and local level. The European Year of Languages is jointly organised by the Council of Europe and the European Union. The current edition of the Book provides a mid-term account of developments with regard to the forty five participating countries based on information supplied by the (Council of Europe) National Co-ordinators to the Secretariat. Updated versions will appear later. Strasbourg, August 2001 Joseph SHEILS Head of the Modern Languages Division Council of Europe EYL Campaign Book 3 Contents Introduction ......................................................................................................... 2 Foreword ............................................................................................................... 4 Aims and organisation of the European Year of Languages 2001 .................... 5 Aims .............................................................................................. 5 Objectives ...................................................................................... 5 Target groups ................................................................................ 6 Expected results ............................................................................ -
A Short History of Poland and Lithuania
A Short History of Poland and Lithuania Chapter 1. The Origin of the Polish Nation.................................3 Chapter 2. The Piast Dynasty...................................................4 Chapter 3. Lithuania until the Union with Poland.........................7 Chapter 4. The Personal Union of Poland and Lithuania under the Jagiellon Dynasty. ..................................................8 Chapter 5. The Full Union of Poland and Lithuania. ................... 11 Chapter 6. The Decline of Poland-Lithuania.............................. 13 Chapter 7. The Partitions of Poland-Lithuania : The Napoleonic Interlude............................................................. 16 Chapter 8. Divided Poland-Lithuania in the 19th Century. .......... 18 Chapter 9. The Early 20th Century : The First World War and The Revival of Poland and Lithuania. ............................. 21 Chapter 10. Independent Poland and Lithuania between the bTwo World Wars.......................................................... 25 Chapter 11. The Second World War. ......................................... 28 Appendix. Some Population Statistics..................................... 33 Map 1: Early Times ......................................................... 35 Map 2: Poland Lithuania in the 15th Century........................ 36 Map 3: The Partitions of Poland-Lithuania ........................... 38 Map 4: Modern North-east Europe ..................................... 40 1 Foreword. Poland and Lithuania have been linked together in this history because -
15-108 Puerto Rico V. Sanchez Valle (06/09/2016)
(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2015 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus COMMONWEALTH OF PUERTO RICO v. SANCHEZ VALLE ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF PUERTO RICO No. 15–108. Argued January 13, 2016—Decided June 9, 2016 Respondents Luis Sánchez Valle and Jaime Gómez Vázquez each sold a gun to an undercover police officer. Puerto Rican prosecutors indict ed them for illegally selling firearms in violation of the Puerto Rico Arms Act of 2000. While those charges were pending, federal grand juries also indicted them, based on the same transactions, for viola tions of analogous U. S. gun trafficking statutes. Both defendants pleaded guilty to the federal charges and moved to dismiss the pend ing Commonwealth charges on double jeopardy grounds. The trial court in each case dismissed the charges, rejecting prosecutors’ ar guments that Puerto Rico and the United States are separate sover eigns for double jeopardy purposes and so could bring successive prosecutions against each defendant. The Puerto Rico Court of Ap peals consolidated the cases and reversed. The Supreme Court of Puerto Rico granted review and held, in line with the trial court, that Puerto Rico’s gun sale prosecutions violated the Double Jeopardy Clause. -
Fiscal States, Composite Monarchies and Political Economies. a View from the Spanish Empire (C.1492-C.1650) Bartolomé Yun Casa
Fiscal states, composite monarchies and political economies. A view from the Spanish empire (c.1492-c.1650) Bartolomé Yun Casalilla Pablo de Olavide University [email protected] [email protected] Paris, February 2016 Paris School of Economics Séminaires d‘Histoire économique (Please do not quote without permission) 1 During the last decades a good number of historians are putting together the three concepts heading the title of this talk. Possibly some of them do it unconsciously (or un-properly, if you like), but that is an excellent reason to reflect on the subject in an explicit way. The relationship between the fiscal state and its political economy is almost automatic. Not because they are the same, but because, from the perspective of studies of the political economy and, more specifically, from the new institutional economics‘ approach, the fiscal skeletons of Old Regime states are crucial components of the institutional system as a whole. The other binomial -- that of the composite monarchy and fiscal state-- seems to be less immediate. This may be the reason why it has fostered (rather nonsense) discussions about authorship. I would like to discuss here some of the different links among this trio, which I think are crucial to understand old regime societies and some quite often forgotten questions. Most of my reasoning, as well as the empirical base for some of my proposals were already in my book Marte contra Minerva, which came out in 2004, and a good deal of it is crucial to a forthcoming volume, whose provisional title is The Iberian World. -
Hello Pennsylvania
Hello Pennsylvania A QUICK TOUR OF THE COMMONWEALTH There is much to be proud of in Pennsylvania. Magnificent land, steadfast citizens, lasting traditions, resilient spirit — and a system of government that has sustained Pennsylvania and the nation for over 300 years. Hello Pennsylvania is one of a series of booklets we at the House of Representatives have prepared to make our state and the everyday workings of our government more understandable to its citizens. As your representatives, this is both our responsibility and our pleasure. Copies of this booklet may be obtained from your State Representative or from: The Office of the Chief Clerk House of Representatives Room 129, Main Capitol Building Harrisburg, PA 17120-2220 COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA • HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a hello Pennsylv marvelous mix A PENNSYLVANIA PROFILE A Quick Tour of the If you wanted to draw a 7 NORTHERN TIER Hunting, fishing, hardwood, Commonwealth picture of Pennsylvania and agriculture The largest open space in the Three hundred years ago, it Chances are you studied the you would need some facts. northeastern United States, this region houses the Little Like the size of the state Grand Canyon and more deer, was known as Penn’s Woods Commonwealth of Pennsylvania bear, and trout than people. and the kind of land and Counties: Bradford, Cameron, (Penn’s Sylvania) – and in a classroom years ago – or as Clinton, Elk, Forest, Lycoming, waterways that mark its McKean, Potter, Sullivan, William Penn owned it all! No recently as yesterday. But few Susquehanna, Tioga, Wyoming surface. You might want of us have Pennsylvania facts at 1 COLONIAL PENNSYLVANIA 4 ANTHRACITE AREA 8 STEEL KINGDOM commoner in history, before or to show major industries Historic attractions, high-tech, Recreation, manufacturing, Manufacturing, coal, high-tech, If you’ve got a good ear, education, and banking and coal and banking since, personally possessed our fingertips. -
Northern Mariana Islands
Northern Mariana Islands HEALTH SITUATION (Commonwealth of the) The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands is one of five inhabited United States island territories. It comprises of four inhabited islands (Saipan, Tinian, Rota and Pagan) and 10 uninhabited ones. The population was 53 883 in 2010, with 90% of people living in the capital of Saipan. Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) were the leading causes of death in the Northern Mariana Islands from 2011 to 2014. Diseases of the circulatory system accounted for 252 deaths (33%), cancers accounted for 133 (18%), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic disease accounted for 54 (7%), and respiratory system diseases accounted for 52 (7%). Poverty is also a major determinant of health in the Northern Mariana Islands. The Medicaid programme, a federal–state shared insurance for the poor, only covers American citizens and a 2010 population census found that 34% of citizens were uninsured for health care. http:// www.who.int/countries/en/ WHO region Western Pacific HEALTH POLICIES AND SYSTEMS World Bank income group Public Law 16-51 (2009) transferred the national health system to the Healthy Islands Monitoring Framework Indicators Commonwealth Healthcare Corporation, a public entity that is headed Number of skilled health workers* per 10 000 population (2008) 22.5 by a chief executive officer. The CHCC consists of a primary hospital, a modernized haemodialysis facility, a community health centre, two Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$) NA rural health centres, public health services, and behavioural health Total expenditure on health as a percentage of gross services. There are also four private health clinic groups. -
Towns in Poland” Series
holds the exclusive right to issue currency in the Republic of Poland. In addition to coins and notes for general circulation, TTownsowns inin PolandPoland the NBP issues collector coins and notes. Issuing collector items is an occasion to commemorate important historic figures and anniversaries, as well as to develop the interest of the public in Polish culture, science and tradition. Since 1996, the NBP has also been issuing occasional 2 złoty coins, In 2009, the NBP launched the issue struck in Nordic Gold, for general circulation. All coins and notes issued by the NBP of coins of the “Towns in Poland” series. are legal tender in Poland. The coin commemorating Warsaw Information on the issue schedule can be found at the www.nbp.pl/monety website. is the fifth one in the series. Collector coins issued by the NBP are sold exclusively at the Internet auctions held in the Kolekcjoner service at the following website: www.kolekcjoner.nbp.pl On 24 August 2010, the National Bank of Poland is putting into circulation a coin of the “Towns in Poland” series depicting Warsaw, with the face value of 2 złoty, struck in standard finish, in Nordic Gold. face value 2 zł • metal CuAl5Zn5Sn1 alloy •finish standard diameter 27.0 mm • weight 8.15 g • mintage (volume) 1,000,000 pcs Obverse: An image of the Eagle established as the State Emblem of the Republic of Poland. On the sides of the Eagle, the notation of the year of issue: 20-10. Below the Eagle, an inscription: ZŁ 2 ZŁ. In the rim, an inscription: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA (Republic of Poland), preceded and followed by six pearls. -
The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, C.1500–1795
The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c.1500–1795 The Polish-Lithuanian Monarchy in European Context, c.1500–1795 Edited by Richard Butterwick Lecturer in Modern European History Queen’s University Belfast Northern Ireland Editorial matter, selection and Introduction © Richard Butterwick 2001 Chapter 10 © Richard Butterwick 2001 Chapters 1–9 © Palgrave Publishers Ltd 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001 978-0-333-77382-6 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2001 by PALGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PALGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin’s Press LLC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-41618-9 ISBN 978-0-333-99380-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780333993804 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. -
The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg ✵ ✵ the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg ✵
The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg ✵ ✵ The Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg ✵ TRH Grand Duke Henri and Grand Duchess Maria Teresa wave to the crowd from the balcony of the Grand Ducal Palace (7 October 2000) Historical introduction ✹07 Chapter One The House of Luxembourg-Nassau ✹17 - The origins of the national dynasty 18 - The sovereigns of the House of Luxembourg 20 - Grand Duke Adolphe 20 - Grand Duke William IV - Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde 21 - Grand Duchess Charlotte 22 - Grand Duke Jean 24 - Grand Duke Henri 28 Grand Duchess Maria Teresa 32 - Hereditary Grand Duke Guillaume 34 - Grand Duke Henri’s brothers and sisters 36 - HRH Grand Duke Henri’s accession to the throne on 7 October 2000 40 Chapter Two The monarchy today ✹49 - Prepared for reign 50 - The Grand Duke’s working day 54 - The Grand Duke’s visits abroad 62 - Visits by Heads of State to Luxembourg 74 - The public image of the Grand Ducal Family in Luxembourg 78 Chapter Three The constitutional monarchy ✹83 - The political situation of the Grand Duke 84 SUMMARY - The order of succession to the throne 92 Index - Index Accession to the Grand Ducal Throne 94 - The Lieutenancy 96 - The Regency 98 Chapter Four The symbols of the monarchy ✹101 - National Holiday – official celebration day of the Grand Duke’s birthday 102 - Coats of arms of the Grand Ducal House 104 - The anthem of the Grand Ducal House 106 Chapter Five The residences of the Grand Ducal Family ✹109 - The Grand Ducal Palace 110 - Berg Castle 116 - Fischbach Castle 118 Annexe - The Grand Duke’s visits abroad - Visits by Heads of State to Luxembourg HistoricalIntro introduction History Historical summary Around 963 1214 Siegfried acquires the rocky Ermesinde of Luxembourg outcrop of Lucilinburhuc marries Waleran of Limburg 1059-1086 1226- 1247 Conrad I, Count of Luxembourg Ermesinde, Countess of Luxembourg 8 1136 ✹ Death of Conrad II, last Count 1247-1281 Henry V of Luxembourg, of Luxembourg from the House known as Henry the Blond, of Ardenne. -
An Analysis of Polish Devotion to the Catholic Church Under Communism Kathryn Burns Union College - Schenectady, NY
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2013 More Catholic than the Pope: An Analysis of Polish Devotion to the Catholic Church under Communism Kathryn Burns Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Catholic Studies Commons, and the European History Commons Recommended Citation Burns, Kathryn, "More Catholic than the Pope: An Analysis of Polish Devotion to the Catholic Church under Communism" (2013). Honors Theses. 638. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/638 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. “More Catholic than the Pope”: An Analysis of Polish Devotion to the Catholic Church under Communism By Kathryn Burns ******************** Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of History UNION COLLEGE June 2013 Table of Contents Introduction……………………………………………………………..........................................1 Chapter I. The Roman Catholic Church‟s Influence in Poland Prior to World War II…………………………………………………………………………………………………...4 Chapter II. World War II and the Rise of Communism……………….........................................38 Chapter III. The Decline and Demise of Communist Power……………….. …………………..63 Chapter IV. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….76 Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………..78 ii Abstract Poland is home to arguably the most loyal and devout Catholics in Europe. A brief examination of the country‟s history indicates that Polish society has been subjected to a variety of politically, religiously, and socially oppressive forces that have continually tested the strength of allegiance to the Catholic Church. -
Abuses Under Indictment at the Diet of Augsburg 1530 Jared Wicks, S.J
ABUSES UNDER INDICTMENT AT THE DIET OF AUGSBURG 1530 JARED WICKS, S.J. Gregorian University, Rome HE MOST recent historical scholarship on the religious dimensions of Tthe Diet of Augsburg in 1530 has heightened our awareness and understanding of the momentous negotiations toward unity conducted at the Diet.1 Beginning August 16, 1530, Lutheran and Catholic represent atives worked energetically, and with some substantial successes, to overcome the divergence between the Augsburg Confession, which had been presented on June 25, and the Confutation which was read on behalf of Emperor Charles V on August 3. Negotiations on doctrine, especially on August 16-17, narrowed the differences on sin, justification, good works, and repentance, but from this point on the discussions became more difficult and an impasse was reached by August 21 which further exchanges only confirmed. The Emperor's draft recess of September 22 declared that the Lutheran confession had been refuted and that its signers had six months to consider acceptance of the articles proposed to them at the point of impasse in late August. Also, no further doctrinal innovations nor any more changes in religious practice were to be intro duced in their domains.2 When the adherents of the Reformation dis sented from this recess, it became unmistakably clear that the religious unity of the German Empire and of Western Christendom was on the way to dissolution. But why did it come to this? Why was Charles V so severely frustrated in realizing the aims set for the Diet in his conciliatory summons of January 21, 1530? The Diet was to be a forum for a respectful hearing of the views and positions of the estates and for considerations on those steps that would lead to agreement and unity in one church under Christ.3 1 The most recent stage of research began with Gerhard Müller, "Johann Eck und die Confessio Augustana/' Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Biblio theken 38 (1958) 205-42, and continued in works by Eugène Honèe and Vinzenz Pfhür, with further contributions of G.